Antenna unit and electronic device

Abstract

The application provides an antenna unit and an electronic device. The antenna unit comprises a first radiator, a second radiator and a radiator array. The first radiator is connected to a ground plate through a grounding piece. The second radiator is arranged opposite to the ground plate and is spaced apart from the first radiator. The radiator array is arranged opposite to the first radiator and is located on a side of the first radiator away from the ground plate. The radiator array comprises at least two sub-radiators. The at least two sub-radiators are spaced apart from each other along an extension direction of a plane in which the radiator array is located. The first radiator has a first hollow region, and the radiator array has a second hollow region. The application has a lower antenna profile under the condition of meeting the same bandwidth requirement, is beneficial to the miniaturization of the antenna, and is helpful to the miniaturization of the electronic device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of antennas, and in particular to an antenna element and electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] With the upgrading of terminal technology and to meet market needs, the miniaturization of terminal devices has gradually become a common goal in the industry. The increasingly smaller terminal devices have brought great challenges to the placement of antennas in the terminal devices.

[0003] Taking millimeter-wave antennas as an example, when a millimeter-wave antenna is placed under the back cover of a terminal device, the lower the antenna profile (or the antenna height), the more beneficial it is for the miniaturization of both the antenna and the terminal device. However, reducing the antenna profile (or the antenna height) will affect the antenna's performance (e.g., the antenna's bandwidth).

[0004] In the prior art, to mitigate the adverse effects of a reduced profile on antenna performance, the size of the radiator can be increased, thereby reducing the antenna's Q value and improving its performance (e.g., bandwidth). However, increasing the radiator size increases the space occupied by the antenna in the terminal device, which is detrimental to antenna miniaturization.

[0005] It is evident that existing technologies suffer from the problem of simultaneously achieving antenna miniaturization and high performance (such as high bandwidth). Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application provides an antenna unit and electronic device that solves the problem in the prior art of simultaneously achieving antenna miniaturization and high performance (e.g., high bandwidth).

[0007] This application provides an antenna element, including a first radiator and a grounding element. Along the height direction of the antenna element, the first radiator is spaced apart from the ground plane and connected to the ground plane via the grounding element. A second radiator is spaced apart from the first radiator, also spaced apart from the ground plane along the height direction of the antenna element. A radiator array is spaced apart from the first radiator along the height direction of the antenna element and located on the side of the first radiator away from the ground plane. The radiator array includes at least two sub-radiators, which are spaced apart from each other along the extension direction of the plane containing the radiator array.

[0008] The first radiator has a first hollowed-out area, and the radiator array has a second hollowed-out area.

[0009] Using a plane parallel to the floor as the projection plane, the projection of the first radiator onto the projection plane is the first projection, the projection of the second radiator onto the projection plane is the second projection, and the projection of the radiator array onto the projection plane is the third projection. The first and third projections at least partially overlap, and at least a portion of the second projection lies within the outline formed by the first hollow area on the projection plane, and at least a portion of the second projection lies within the outline formed by the second hollow area on the projection plane. The first radiator has a first feed connection point, and the second radiator has a second feed connection point. The first feed connection point is connected to the first feed point, and the second feed connection point is connected to the second feed point.

[0010] The antenna element of this embodiment can generate one resonance using a first radiator and another resonance using a radiator array in a lower operating frequency band (e.g., 24GHz millimeter-wave band, 28GHz millimeter-wave band, etc.), thus giving the antenna element two resonances in the lower operating frequency band, thereby widening the bandwidth of the antenna element when operating in the low-frequency band. Simultaneously, the antenna element of this embodiment can also generate one resonance using a second radiator and another resonance using the first radiator and radiator array in a higher operating frequency band (e.g., 39GHz millimeter-wave band, 60GHz millimeter-wave band), thus giving the antenna element two resonances in the higher operating frequency band, thereby widening the bandwidth of the antenna element when operating in the high-frequency band. Therefore, the antenna element of this embodiment is not only applicable to multiple frequency bands, but also has a high bandwidth in each frequency band.

[0011] Furthermore, when using the same antenna profile (or can be understood as antenna height), the antenna element of this application has a higher bandwidth, or it can be understood that: under the condition of meeting the same bandwidth requirements, the antenna element of the embodiment of this application has a lower antenna profile (or can be understood as antenna height), which is beneficial to the miniaturization of the antenna and helps to realize the miniaturization of electronic devices.

[0012] In some embodiments, along the height direction of the antenna element, the distance between the first radiator and the radiator array is distance d1, and 0.0084 times the wavelength of the medium corresponding to the center frequency of the first operating frequency band of the antenna element is less than or equal to the electrical length of distance d1, which is less than or equal to 0.05 times the wavelength of the medium corresponding to the center frequency of the first operating frequency band of the antenna element.

[0013] In some possible embodiments, the physical length of the spacing d1 is ≤0.3mm and ≤0.05mm.

[0014] In some possible embodiments, along the height direction of the antenna element, the distance between the first radiator and the ground is distance d2, and 0.0168 times the wavelength of the medium corresponding to the center frequency of the first operating frequency band of the antenna element is less than or equal to the electrical length of distance d2, which is less than or equal to 0.117 times the wavelength of the medium corresponding to the center frequency of the first operating frequency band of the antenna element.

[0015] In some possible embodiments, the physical length of the spacing d2 is ≤0.7mm and ≤0.1mm.

[0016] In some embodiments, when the antenna element is in a first operating frequency band, the first radiator can be excited to generate a first resonance, and the radiator array can be excited to generate a second resonance. When the antenna element is in a second operating frequency band, the second radiator can be excited to generate a third resonance, and the first radiator and the radiator array can be excited to generate a fourth resonance.

[0017] In some possible embodiments, the first operating frequency band and the second operating frequency band are different operating frequency bands.

[0018] In some possible embodiments, a portion of the first operating frequency band overlaps with a portion of the second operating frequency band, and another portion of the first operating frequency band is lower than another portion of the second operating frequency band.

[0019] In some possible embodiments, the first operating frequency band and the second operating frequency band do not overlap at all, and the first operating frequency band is lower than the second operating frequency band.

[0020] In some possible embodiments, the antenna element further includes a first feed element and a second feed element, wherein the two ends of the first feed element are respectively connected to a first feed connection point and a first feed point, and the two ends of the second feed element are respectively connected to a second feed connection point and a second feed point.

[0021] In some possible implementations, the radiator array includes two sub-radiators, which are distributed on both sides of the second radiator along a first direction. The gap between the two sub-radiators along the first direction serves as a second hollow area. The first feed connection point and the second feed connection point are distributed along the first direction, which is parallel to the plane where the second radiator is located.

[0022] In some embodiments, the radiator array is an axisymmetric structure. The radiator array is ring-shaped. The radiator array includes N sub-radiator groups.

[0023] Each sub-radiator group includes multiple sub-radiators. Along the extension direction of the plane where the radiator array is located, the multiple sub-radiators in each sub-radiator group are arranged in pairs and adjacent to each other to form a ring structure, wherein N is greater than or equal to 1.

[0024] In some embodiments, N is greater than or equal to 2, and the N ring structures formed by the N sub-radiators are concentrically arranged on the same plane to form a multi-layer ring structure. The innermost ring structure of the N ring structures forms the inner space as the second hollow area.

[0025] In some embodiments, the second projection is entirely located within the outline formed by the second hollow area on the projection surface, and the second projection is entirely located within the outline formed by the first hollow area on the projection surface.

[0026] In some embodiments, the first radiator is further provided with a third feed connection point, which is connected to a third feed point, and the second radiator is further provided with a fourth feed connection point, which is connected to a fourth feed point.

[0027] The angle between the line connecting the first feed connection point and the center point of the first radiator, and the line connecting the third feed connection point and the center point of the first radiator, is 90°.

[0028] The angle between the line connecting the second feed connection point and the center point of the second radiator, and the line connecting the fourth feed connection point and the center point of the second radiator, is 90°.

[0029] By adopting the above technical solution, the antenna element can achieve dual polarization when operating in both low-frequency and high-frequency bands, which is beneficial to improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the antenna element and thus improving the channel capacity.

[0030] In some possible embodiments, the antenna element further includes a third feed element and a fourth feed element, with the two ends of the third feed element connected to a third feed connection point and a third feed point, respectively, and the two ends of the fourth feed element connected to a fourth feed connection point and a fourth feed point, respectively.

[0031] In some embodiments, the first radiator is annular and has an axisymmetric structure. The grounding member has an annular columnar structure, with one end connected to the inner edge of the first radiator and the other end connected to the floor; or: the grounding member includes a plurality of grounding posts spaced circumferentially along the inner edge of the first radiator, with the first end of each of the plurality of grounding posts connected to the inner edge of the first radiator.

[0032] In some embodiments, a plurality of grounding posts are uniformly distributed circumferentially along the inner edge of the first radiator.

[0033] In some embodiments, the first radiator has a first axis of symmetry and a second axis of symmetry that are perpendicular to each other, and the first radiator, the second radiator, and the radiator array are all symmetrical about the first axis of symmetry and the second axis of symmetry. Furthermore, the central axis of the first radiator, the central axis of the second radiator, and the central axis of the radiator array coincide.

[0034] In some embodiments, the first radiator, the second radiator, and the radiator array are all sheet-like radiators.

[0035] This application also provides an electronic device, including the antenna unit involved in the above embodiments and possible embodiments.

[0036] Since the antenna unit of this application embodiment has a lower antenna profile (or can be understood as the antenna height) under the condition of meeting the same bandwidth requirements, the antenna unit of this application embodiment occupies less space in the electronic device, thus helping to achieve miniaturization of the electronic device.

[0037] In some embodiments, the electronic device includes a plurality of antenna elements, which are arrayed in the electronic device.

[0038] In some embodiments, the electronic device further includes a dielectric structure, wherein the first radiator, the second radiator, and the radiator array are all disposed on the dielectric structure.

[0039] In some embodiments, the electronic device further includes a back cover and a dielectric structure, with an array of radiators attached to the surface of the back cover facing the interior of the electronic device, and a first radiator and a second radiator disposed on the dielectric structure.

[0040] In some embodiments, the electronic device further includes a rear cover and a metal enclosure structure, the rear cover being disposed opposite to the antenna unit, and the metal enclosure structure abutting between the rear cover and the floor to enclose the antenna unit within the space formed by the metal enclosure structure, the rear cover, and the floor.

[0041] In some embodiments, the first radiator includes a conductive element disposed in the electronic device, the second radiator includes a conductive element disposed in the electronic device, and the radiator array includes conductive elements disposed in the electronic device; or:

[0042] The first radiator includes a portion of a conductive layer in the PCB board, the second radiator includes a portion of a conductive layer in the PCB board, the radiator array includes a portion of a conductive layer in the PCB board, and the ground plane includes a portion of a ground layer in the PCB board. Attached Figure Description

[0043] Figure 1 An electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application is illustrated by way of example;

[0044] Figure 2a This is a cross-sectional view of the antenna unit in an embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 2b This is a schematic diagram of the projection of each radiator of the antenna element in an embodiment of this application onto the projection plane;

[0046] Figure 2cThis is a top view of the antenna unit in an embodiment of this application;

[0047] Figure 3 This is a top view of the first and second radiators in the antenna unit of an embodiment of this application;

[0048] Figure 4 This is a top view of the antenna unit's first radiator and grounding post according to an embodiment of this application.

[0049] Figure 5a This is a top view of the radiator array in the antenna unit of an embodiment of this application;

[0050] Figure 5b This is a top view of the radiator array in the antenna unit of an embodiment of this application, wherein the radiator array includes two sub-radiator groups;

[0051] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an antenna unit in an electronic device according to an embodiment of this application, wherein some of the sub-radiators in the radiator array are ring-shaped;

[0052] Figure 7 This is a partial three-dimensional exploded structural diagram of the electronic device according to an embodiment of this application;

[0053] Figure 8 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the electronic device according to an embodiment of this application;

[0054] Figure 9 This is a partial cross-sectional view of an electronic device according to an embodiment of this application, wherein the radiator array is attached to the surface of the back cover facing the interior of the electronic device;

[0055] Figure 10 , Figure 11 These are cross-sectional structural diagrams of the antenna unit and metal enclosure structure in the electronic devices of the embodiments of this application.

[0056] Figure 12 This is a partial three-dimensional structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of this application, wherein multiple antenna elements are arrayed in the electronic device;

[0057] Figure 13 This is a partially enlarged three-dimensional structural diagram of the antenna unit in the electronic device according to an embodiment of this application;

[0058] Figure 14 The above is a graph showing the effect of the S11 parameters obtained from the simulation effect analysis of the antenna element in the embodiment of this application.

[0059] Figure 15 The gain effect curve is obtained by simulating the antenna element of the embodiment of this application.

[0060] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0061] 1: Antenna element;

[0062] 11: First radiator; 12: Second radiator; 13: Radiator array; 132: Sub-radiator; 133: Rectangular ring; 134: Rectangular ring; 132A: Sub-radiator; 132B: Sub-radiator; 132C: Sub-radiator; 132D: Sub-radiator;

[0063] 2: Electronic devices;

[0064] 20A: PCB board; 20: Ground; 201: Dielectric structure; 202: Dielectric structure; 21: Grounding component; 211: Grounding post; 211': Grounding component; 211”: Grounding component; 221: Power supply component; 222: Power supply component; 223: Power supply component; 224: Power supply component; 231: Back cover; 241: Display / module; 25: Cover plate; 26: Middle frame; 261: Bezel; 27: Metal enclosure structure; 271: Protrusion; 28: Foam;

[0065] A1: First feeder connection point; A2: Second feeder connection point; A3: Third feeder connection point; A4: Fourth feeder connection point;

[0066] T1: First projection; T2: Second projection; T3: Third projection; S1: First hollow area; S2: Second hollow area; M1: Outline; M2: Outline; O1: Center point; O2: Center point; F1: First axis of symmetry; F2: Second axis of symmetry;

[0067] H: Height direction; L: Length direction. Detailed Implementation

[0068] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation of this application. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of this application from the content disclosed in this specification. Although the description of this application will be presented in conjunction with some embodiments, this does not mean that the features of this application are limited to this embodiment. On the contrary, the purpose of describing the application in conjunction with embodiments is to cover other options or modifications that may be derived based on the claims of this application. To provide a thorough understanding of this application, many specific details will be included in the following description. This application may also be implemented without using these details. Furthermore, to avoid confusion or obscuring the focus of this application, some specific details will be omitted in the description. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other.

[0069] It should be noted that in this specification, similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0070] The following explains the terminology that may appear in the embodiments of this application.

[0071] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0072] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0073] Relative arrangement: This can be understood as an arrangement facing each other (opposite to, or face to face) or an arrangement where at least a portion of the area overlaps along a certain direction. In one embodiment, two radiators arranged in a relative manner are adjacent to each other and no other radiators are arranged between them.

[0074] Coupling can be understood as direct coupling and / or indirect coupling. "Coupled connection" can be understood as a direct coupling connection and / or indirect coupling connection. Direct coupling can also be called "electrical connection," which can be understood as physical contact and electrical conduction between components; it can also be understood as the form of connection between different components in a circuit structure through physical lines that can transmit electrical signals, such as copper foil or wires on a printed circuit board (PCB). "Indirect coupling" can be understood as electrical conduction between two conductors through a gap / non-contact method. In one embodiment, indirect coupling can also be called capacitive coupling, for example, signal transmission is achieved by forming an equivalent capacitance through coupling between the gaps between two conductive parts.

[0075] Ground / Plug: This can broadly refer to at least a portion of any grounding layer, ground plane, or grounding metal layer within an electronic device (such as a mobile phone), or at least a portion of any combination of the aforementioned grounding layers, ground planes, or grounding components. "Ground / Plug" can be used for grounding components within an electronic device. In one embodiment, "Ground / Plug" may include any one or more of the following: a grounding layer of a circuit board of an electronic device, a ground plane formed by the frame of the electronic device, a grounding metal layer formed by a thin metal film beneath the screen, a conductive grounding layer of a battery, and conductive or metallic components electrically connected to the aforementioned grounding layer / ground plane / metal layer. In one embodiment, the circuit board may be a printed circuit board (PCB), such as an 8-layer, 10-layer, or 12-14-layer board having 8, 10, 12, 13, or 14 layers of conductive material, or components separated and electrically insulated by dielectric or insulating layers such as glass fiber or polymers. In one embodiment, the circuit board includes a dielectric substrate, a grounding layer, and a trace layer, with the trace layer and grounding layer electrically connected via vias. In one embodiment, components such as displays, touchscreens, input buttons, transmitters, processors, memory, batteries, charging circuits, and system-on-chip (SoC) architectures can be mounted on or connected to a circuit board; or electrically connected to trace layers and / or ground layers in the circuit board. For example, an RF source is disposed on a trace layer.

[0076] Any of the aforementioned grounding layers, ground planes, or grounding metal layers are made of conductive materials. In one embodiment, the conductive material may be any of the following: copper, aluminum, stainless steel, brass and their alloys, copper foil on an insulating substrate, aluminum foil on an insulating substrate, gold foil on an insulating substrate, silver-plated copper, silver-plated copper foil on an insulating substrate, silver foil on an insulating substrate and tin-plated copper, graphite-impregnated cloth, graphite-coated substrates, copper-plated substrates, brass-plated substrates, and aluminum-plated substrates. Those skilled in the art will understand that grounding layers / ground planes / grounding metal layers may also be made of other conductive materials.

[0077] Electrical length: Electrical length can be expressed as the ratio of physical length (i.e., mechanical length or geometric length) multiplied by the time it takes for an electrical or electromagnetic signal to travel in a medium to the time required for that signal to travel a distance in free space equal to the physical length of the medium. Electrical length can be expressed by the following formula:

[0078]

[0079] Where L is the physical length, a is the transmission time of the electrical or electromagnetic signal in the medium, and b is the transmission time in free space.

[0080] Alternatively, electrical length can also refer to the ratio of physical length (i.e., mechanical length or geometric length) to the wavelength of the transmitted electromagnetic wave, and electrical length can satisfy the following formula:

[0081]

[0082] Where L is the physical length and λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.

[0083] In embodiments of this application, the wavelength in a certain wavelength mode of the antenna (such as a half-wavelength mode) can refer to the wavelength of the signal radiated by the antenna. For example, the half-wavelength mode of a suspended metal antenna can generate resonance in a frequency band including 1.575 GHz, where the wavelength in the half-wavelength mode can refer to the wavelength of the signal radiated by the antenna in the 1.575 GHz frequency band. It should be understood that the wavelength of the radiated signal in air can be calculated as follows: air wavelength (or vacuum wavelength) = speed of light / frequency, where the frequency is the frequency of the radiated signal (e.g., 1575 MHz), and the speed of light can be taken as 3 × 10⁻⁶. 8 m / s. The wavelength of the radiated signal in the medium can be calculated as follows: Where ε is the dielectric constant of the medium, and the frequency is the frequency of the radiated signal. The gaps and grooves in the above embodiments can be filled with an insulating medium.

[0084] The terms collinear, coaxial, coplanar, symmetrical (e.g., axially symmetrical, or centrally symmetrical), parallel, perpendicular, and identical (e.g., identical length, identical width, etc.) mentioned in the embodiments of this application are all relative to the current technological level, and are not absolutely strict definitions in a mathematical sense. There may be a predetermined angle (e.g., ±5°, ±10°) of deviation between two mutually parallel or perpendicular structures.

[0085] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the embodiments of this application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0086] The technical solutions provided in this application are applicable to electronic devices that possess one or more of the following communication technologies: Bluetooth (BT) communication technology, Global Positioning System (GPS) communication technology, Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) communication technology, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) technology, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) communication technology, Long Term Evolution (LTE) communication technology, 5G communication technology, Sub-6G communication technology, millimeter wave communication technology, and other future communication technologies. The electronic devices in the embodiments of this application can be mobile phones, tablets, laptops, smart speakers, smart home devices, smart bracelets, smartwatches, smart helmets, smart glasses, drones, wireless wearables, vehicle modules, etc. Electronic devices can also be handheld devices with wireless communication capabilities, computing devices or other processing devices connected to a wireless modem, vehicle-mounted devices, electronic devices in 5G networks, or electronic devices in future evolved public land mobile networks (PLMNs), wireless routers, or customer premise equipment (CPE), etc., and the embodiments of this application are not limited to these. Figure 1 An electronic device provided in this application is illustrated by way of example, with a mobile phone as an example.

[0087] like Figure 1 As shown, the electronic device 2 may include: a cover plate 25, a display screen / module 241, a printed circuit board (PCB board 20A), a mid-frame 26, and a rear cover 231. It should be understood that in some embodiments, the cover plate 25 may be a glass cover plate, or it may be replaced with a cover plate made of other materials, such as an ultra-thin glass cover plate, a PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) cover plate, etc.

[0088] The cover plate 25 can be set close to the display screen / module 241, and can be mainly used to protect the display screen / module 241 from dust.

[0089] In one embodiment, the display / module 241 may include a liquid crystal display (LCD), a light emitting diode (LED) display panel, or an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display panel, etc., and this application does not limit it.

[0090] The middle frame 26 mainly serves to support the entire machine. Figure 1 The diagram shows a PCB board 20A positioned between the middle frame 26 and the back cover 231. It should be understood that in one embodiment, the PCB board 20A may also be positioned between the middle frame 26 and the display / module 241; this application does not impose any limitations on this. The printed circuit board PCB board 20A can be made of flame-retardant material (FR-4) dielectric, or it can be made of Rogers dielectric, or a hybrid dielectric of Rogers and FR-4, etc. Here, FR-4 is a designation for a flame-retardant material grade, and Rogers dielectric is a high-frequency board. Electronic components, such as radio frequency chips, are mounted on the PCB board 20A.

[0091] In one embodiment, a metal layer may be disposed on the printed circuit board 20A. This metal layer can be used to ground electronic components carried on the PCB board 20A, or to ground other components, such as bracket antennas, frame antennas, etc. This metal layer can be referred to as a ground plane, grounding plate, or grounding layer. In one embodiment, this metal layer can be formed by etching metal onto the surface of any dielectric substrate in the PCB board 20A. In one embodiment, the grounding metal layer can be disposed on the side of the PCB board 20A near the middle frame 26. In one embodiment, the edge of the PCB board 20A can be considered as the edge of its grounding layer. In one embodiment, the metal middle frame 26 can also be used to ground the aforementioned components. The electronic device 2 may also have other ground planes / grounding plates, as previously described, and will not be repeated here.

[0092] The electronic device 2 may also include a battery (not shown in the figure). The battery may be disposed between the middle frame 26 and the back cover 231, or between the middle frame 26 and the display / module 241, and this application does not limit this. In some embodiments, the PCB board 20A is divided into a motherboard and a daughterboard, and the battery may be disposed between the motherboard and the daughterboard. The motherboard may be disposed between the middle frame 26 and the upper edge of the battery, and the daughterboard may be disposed between the middle frame 26 and the lower edge of the battery.

[0093] The middle frame 26 may include a side frame 261. The middle frame 26, including the side frame 261, serves as a single unit and can support the electronic components within the device. The cover plate 25 and the rear cover 231 respectively cover the upper and lower edges of the side frame to form the housing of the electronic device. In one embodiment, the cover plate 25, rear cover 231, side frame 261, and middle frame 26 can be collectively referred to as the housing of the electronic device 2. It should be understood that "housing" can refer to part or all of any one of the cover plate 25, rear cover 231, side frame 261, or middle frame 26, or to any combination of the cover plate 25, rear cover 231, side frame 261, or middle frame 26.

[0094] The back cover 231 can be a back cover made of metal; it can also be a back cover made of non-conductive material, such as a glass back cover, a plastic back cover, or other non-metallic back covers; or it can be a back cover made of both conductive and non-conductive materials.

[0095] In one embodiment, the antenna of the electronic device 2 may also be disposed within a housing, such as a bracket antenna, an onboard antenna formed on the PCB board 20A, a millimeter-wave antenna module, etc. Figure 1 (Not shown in the image). A gap may exist between the antenna located within the housing and other conductive components inside the housing to ensure a good radiation environment for the antenna radiator. In one embodiment, an aperture may be provided near the antenna radiator. In one embodiment, the aperture may include an aperture located inside the electronic device 2, for example, an aperture not visible from the exterior of the electronic device 2. In one embodiment, the internal aperture may be formed by any one or more of the frame, mid-frame, battery, circuit board, back cover, display screen, and other internal conductive components; for example, the internal aperture may be formed by a structural component of the mid-frame. In one embodiment, the aperture may also include a slot / slit / opening on the frame 261. In one embodiment, the slot / slit / opening on the frame 261 may be a slit formed on the frame, dividing the frame 261 into two parts without a direct connection. In one embodiment, the aperture may also include a slot / slit / opening on the back cover 231 or the display screen / module 241. In one embodiment, the back cover 231 includes a conductive material, and the apertures formed in the conductive material can communicate with the slots or breaks in the frame to form continuous apertures on the outer surface of the electronic device 2. In one embodiment, the apertures on the back cover 231 or the display screen can also be used to house other devices, such as cameras, and / or sensors, and / or microphones, and / or speakers, etc.

[0096] In one embodiment, the antenna can be based on a flexible printed circuit (FPC), a laser-direct structuring (LDS) antenna, or a microstrip disk antenna (MDA), among other forms. In another embodiment, the antenna can also be a transparent structure embedded within the screen of the electronic device, making it a transparent antenna unit embedded within the screen of the electronic device.

[0097] Figure 1 The electronic device 2 is shown only schematically, and the actual shape, size, and construction of these components are not subject to change. Figure 1 limited.

[0098] It should be understood that, in this application, the side of the electronic device where the display screen is located can be considered as the front, the side where the back cover is located as the back, and the side where the frame is located as the side.

[0099] It should be understood that, in this application, when a user holds (typically vertically and facing the screen) an electronic device, the orientation of the electronic device is considered to be top, bottom, left side, and right side.

[0100] It should be understood that, in this application, the physical length of the antenna radiator can be (1 ± 10%) times its electrical length.

[0101] Please see Figures 2a-2c , Figure 2a This is a cross-sectional view of the antenna element in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2b This is a schematic diagram of the projection of each radiator of the antenna element in an embodiment of this application onto the projection plane. Figure 2c This is a top view of the antenna unit according to an embodiment of this application. This application provides an antenna unit 1, including a first radiator 11 and a grounding member 21. Along the height direction H of the antenna unit, the first radiator 11 is spaced apart from the ground plane 20. Furthermore, the first radiator 11 is connected to the ground plane 20 via the grounding member 21.

[0102] The antenna unit 1 also includes a second radiator 12, which is spaced apart from the first radiator 11. Along the height direction H of the antenna unit, the second radiator 12 and the floor 20 are spaced apart relative to each other.

[0103] In one embodiment, the second radiator 12 is at the same height as the first radiator 11. In another embodiment, the second radiator 12 is located on the side of the first radiator 11 away from the floor 20. For example, the second radiator 12 may be at the same height as the radiator array 13, or it may be slightly higher or slightly lower than the radiator array 13. In other alternative embodiments, the second radiator 12 may also be located between the first radiator 11 and the floor 20.

[0104] Furthermore, the frequency ratio of the two operating frequency bands of the antenna element can be adjusted by whether the second radiator 12 is grounded or not, so as to be suitable for different operating frequency bands of the antenna element. Alternatively, it can be understood that whether the second radiator 12 is grounded or not can be designed as needed, and it can be grounded or not grounded. This application does not limit this.

[0105] Antenna element 1 further includes a radiator array 13, which is arranged at intervals relative to the first radiator 11 along the height direction H of the antenna element and is located on the side of the first radiator 11 away from the floor 20; the radiator array 13 includes at least two sub-radiators, which are arranged at intervals relative to each other along the extension direction of the plane in which the radiator array 13 is located. In one embodiment, the radiator array 13 has an axisymmetric structure.

[0106] Please see Figure 2a The first radiator 11 has a first hollowed-out region S1, and the radiator array 13 has a second hollowed-out region S2. Please refer to... Figure 2b and combined Figure 2a and Figure 2c Understanding that, taking the plane parallel to the plane where the floor 20 is located as the projection plane, the projection of the first radiator 11 on the projection plane is the first projection T1, the projection of the second radiator 12 on the projection plane is the second projection T2, and the projection of the radiator array 13 on the projection plane is the third projection T3; wherein, the first projection T1 and the third projection T3 at least partially overlap, at least a portion of the second projection T2 lies within the contour line M1 formed by the first hollow area S1 on the projection plane, and at least a portion of the second projection T2 lies within the second hollow area S2 (e.g., ...). Figure 2b (As shown by the dashed line) within the contour line M2 formed on the projection plane.

[0107] Wherein, at least a portion of the second projection T2 is located within the contour line M1. The fact that at least a portion of the second projection T2 is located within the contour line M2 can be understood as: at least a portion of the second radiator 12 can radiate outward through the first hollow area S1 of the first radiator 11 and the second hollow area S2 of the radiator array 13.

[0108] At least a portion of the second projection T2 is located within the outline M1. At least a portion of the second projection T2 is located within the outline M2. This can also be understood as: from the top view of the antenna element, at least a portion of the second radiator 12 is located within the first hollowed-out area S1 of the first radiator 11, and at least a portion of the second radiator 12 is located within the second hollowed-out area S2 of the radiator array 13.

[0109] In one embodiment, the second projection T2 is entirely located within the outline M2 formed by the second hollow area S2 on the projection surface, and the second projection T2 is entirely located within the outline M1 formed by the first hollow area S1 on the projection surface.

[0110] The second projection T2 is entirely within the outline M2, and the second projection T2 is entirely within the outline M1. Alternatively, it can be understood that, from the top view of the antenna element, the second radiator 12 is entirely within the second hollowed-out area S2 of the radiator array 13, and the second radiator 12 is entirely within the first hollowed-out area S1 of the first radiator 11.

[0111] Please see Figure 2c and combined Figure 2a It is understood that the first radiator 11 is provided with a first feed connection point A1, and the second radiator 12 is provided with a second feed connection point A2. The first feed connection point A1 is connected to the first feed point (not shown in the figure), and the second feed connection point A2 is connected to the second feed point (not shown in the figure).

[0112] It should be noted that the feed point in this application can be understood as a signal output terminal of the radio frequency source (or feed source). For example, it can be the output pin of the radio frequency chip, or it can be one end of the signal transmission line used to connect the radio frequency source. As long as it can be electrically connected to the radio frequency source and receive radio frequency signals through the feed point, it does not deviate from the scope of this embodiment.

[0113] The connection method between the first power supply connection point A1 and the first power supply point, and the connection method between the second power supply connection point A2 and the second power supply point, are not limited. They can be direct connections or indirect connections, such as connections through power supply components. For one embodiment, please refer to [link to embodiment]. Figure 2a The antenna unit 1 also includes a feed element 221 and a feed element 222. The two ends of the feed element 221 are respectively connected to a first feed connection point A1 and a first feed point (not shown in the figure), and the two ends of the feed element 222 are respectively connected to a second feed connection point A2 and a second feed point (not shown in the figure). The type of feed element is not limited; for example, it can be a conductive component provided in an electronic device, or a feed probe formed through a metal via, etc.

[0114] The antenna element of this application can be applied to both the low-frequency and high-frequency bands of a millimeter-wave antenna, and has a wide bandwidth in both bands. Specifically, the low-frequency band can be, for example, the 24GHz millimeter-wave band, the 28GHz millimeter-wave band, etc., and the high-frequency band can be, for example, the 39GHz millimeter-wave band, the 60GHz millimeter-wave band, etc. The first radiator 11 can provide a first resonance for the antenna element to operate in the low-frequency band, and the radiator array 13 can provide a second resonance for the antenna element to operate in the low-frequency band, so that the antenna element has two resonances in the low-frequency band, thereby giving the antenna element a wide bandwidth in the low-frequency band (for example, covering approximately 19.6% of the relative bandwidth in the 28GHz millimeter-wave band). Furthermore, the second radiator 12 can provide a first resonance for the antenna element to operate in the high-frequency band, and the radiator array 13 and the first radiator 11 can provide a second resonance for the antenna element to operate in the high-frequency band, so that the antenna element has two resonances in the high-frequency band, thereby giving the antenna element a wide bandwidth in the high-frequency band (for example, covering approximately 16.7% of the relative bandwidth in the 39GHz millimeter-wave band).

[0115] From the perspective of antenna radiation operation mode, since the antenna element of this application can have two operation modes, namely TM10 mode and anti-phase TM20 mode, through the first radiator 11, the second radiator 12 and the radiator array 13, the antenna element can enrich the antenna operation mode. Therefore, the antenna element of this application can greatly broaden the bandwidth of the antenna.

[0116] As can be seen, the antenna unit of this embodiment can generate one resonance using the first radiator 11 and another resonance using the radiator array 13 in a lower operating frequency band (e.g., 24GHz millimeter wave band, 28GHz millimeter wave band, etc.), thereby giving the antenna unit two resonances in the lower operating frequency band, thus widening the bandwidth of the antenna unit when operating in the low frequency band. Furthermore, the antenna unit of this embodiment can also generate one resonance using the second radiator 12 and another resonance using the first radiator 11 and the radiator array 13 in a higher operating frequency band (e.g., 39GHz millimeter wave band, 60GHz millimeter wave band), thereby giving the antenna unit two resonances in the higher operating frequency band, thus widening the bandwidth of the antenna unit when operating in the high frequency band. Therefore, the antenna unit of this embodiment is not only applicable to multiple frequency bands, but also has a high bandwidth in each frequency band.

[0117] Therefore, when using the same antenna profile (or can be understood as the antenna height), the antenna element of this application has a higher bandwidth, or it can be understood that: under the condition of meeting the same bandwidth requirements, the antenna element of the embodiment of this application has a lower antenna profile (or can be understood as the antenna height), which is beneficial to the miniaturization of the antenna and helps to realize the miniaturization of electronic devices.

[0118] In this embodiment, the shape of each radiator is not limited. For example, the first radiator 11 can be a rectangular ring, a circular ring, a triangular ring, etc., and the second radiator 12 can be a circle, a rectangle, a ring, a triangle, a polygon, etc. The shape of the sub-radiators 132 in the radiator array 13 can be a circle, a rectangle, a ring, a triangle, a polygon, etc.

[0119] In one embodiment, the antenna element operates in a first operating frequency band when operating at low frequencies. This first operating frequency band is 24.25 GHz to 29.5 GHz, with a center frequency of 26.875 GHz. The dielectric constant of the dielectric structure (e.g., dielectric structures 201 and 202 mentioned later) is 3.5. The dielectric wavelength corresponding to the first operating frequency band is:

[0120] In one embodiment, the antenna element operates in a second operating frequency band when operating at high frequencies. This second operating frequency band is 37GHz-43.5GHz, with a center frequency of 40.25GHz. The dielectric structure (e.g., dielectric structures 201 and 202 mentioned later) has a dielectric constant of 3.5. The wavelength of the dielectric corresponding to the second operating frequency band is:

[0121] Please refer to Figure 2a In one embodiment, along the height direction H of the antenna element, the distance between the first radiator 11 and the radiator array 13 is distance d1. The electrical length of distance d1 is less than or equal to 0.0084 times the wavelength of the medium corresponding to the center frequency of the first operating frequency band of the antenna element, and less than or equal to 0.05 times the wavelength of the medium corresponding to the center frequency of the first operating frequency band of the antenna element. In one embodiment, the physical length of distance d1 is less than or equal to 0.3 mm, for example, it can be 0.1 mm. Other alternative embodiments may use other values.

[0122] In one embodiment, along the height direction H of the antenna element, the distance between the first radiator 11 and the ground 20 is distance d2. The electrical length of distance d2 is less than or equal to 0.0168 times the wavelength of the medium corresponding to the center frequency of the first operating frequency band of the antenna element, and less than or equal to 0.117 times the wavelength of the medium corresponding to the center frequency of the first operating frequency band of the antenna element. In one embodiment, the physical length of distance d2 is less than or equal to 0.7 mm, for example, it can be 0.2 mm. In other embodiments, other values ​​are also possible.

[0123] By changing the shape of each radiator and the spacing between each radiator (e.g., the spacing between the first radiator 11 and the radiator array 13), the frequency ratio of the two operating frequency bands of the antenna element can be adjusted, thereby moving the unwanted operating mode outside the operating frequency band of the antenna element to suit different application scenarios.

[0124] The formation of the radiators is not limited. In one embodiment, they can be formed from conductive components in electronic devices. In other embodiments, they can be formed from conductive layers (or trace layers) in a PCB board. Specifically, the first radiator 11 includes a portion of a conductive layer in the PCB board, the second radiator 12 includes a portion of a conductive layer in the PCB board, the radiator array 13 includes a portion of a conductive layer in the PCB board, and the ground plane 20 includes a portion of a ground layer in the PCB board. The formation of the grounding component 21 is not limited; for example, it can be a conductive component in an electronic device or it can be formed through a metal via.

[0125] In one embodiment, the first radiator 11, the second radiator 12, and the radiator array 13 are all sheet-shaped radiators, suitable for the application scenarios of patch antennas (or patch antennas).

[0126] In one embodiment, when antenna element 1 is in a first operating frequency band, which may be, for example, a millimeter-wave 28GHz band (i.e., a frequency range of 24.25GHz to 29.5GHz), the first radiator 11 can be excited to generate a first resonance, the resonant frequency of which may be, for example, 25.25GHz, and the radiator array 13 can be excited to generate a second resonance, the resonant frequency of which may be, for example, 28GHz. When antenna element 1 is in a second operating frequency band, which may be, for example, a millimeter-wave 39GHz band (i.e., a frequency range of 37GHz to 43.5GHz), the second radiator 12 can be excited to generate a third resonance, the resonant frequency of which may be, for example, 38.25GHz, and the first radiator 11 and the radiator array 13 can be excited to generate a fourth resonance, the resonant frequency of which may be, for example, 41.5GHz.

[0127] In one implementation, please refer to Figures 2a-3 , Figure 3 This is a top view schematic diagram of the first and second radiators in the antenna unit of this application embodiment. The first radiator 11 is further provided with a third feed connection point A3, which is connected to a third feed point (not shown in the figure). The second radiator 12 is further provided with a fourth feed connection point A4, which is connected to a fourth feed point (not shown in the figure). In one embodiment, the third feed connection point A3 is connected to the third feed point (not shown in the figure) through a feed element 223, and the fourth feed connection point A4 is connected to the fourth feed point (not shown in the figure) through a feed element 224. In other embodiments, the third feed connection point A3 and the fourth feed connection point A4 may also be directly connected to the corresponding feed points.

[0128] Among them, such as Figure 2cAs shown, the angle between the line connecting the first feed connection point A1 and the center point O1 of the first radiator 11, and the line connecting the third feed connection point A3 and the center point O1 of the first radiator 11, is 90°. This can also be understood as the angle difference between the first feed connection point A1 and the third feed connection point A3 in the circumferential direction of the first radiator 11 being 90°.

[0129] The second power supply connection point A2 and the center point O2 of the second radiator 12 (at... Figure 2c In the middle, the line connecting the center point O1 and the center point O2 (which coincide), and the line connecting the fourth feed connection point A4 and the center point O2 of the second radiator 12 (in the middle). Figure 2c In the middle, the angle between the lines connecting the center points O1 and O2 (which coincide) is 90°. Or it can be understood that the angle difference between the second feed connection point A2 and the fourth feed connection point A4 in the circumferential direction of the second radiator 12 is 90°.

[0130] In one embodiment, the first radiator 11 is annular, so the center point of the first radiator 11 is located at the center of the annulus. In other embodiments, when the first radiator 11 and the second radiator 12 have other shapes, the center point O1 of the first radiator 11 may also be located at other positions, and the center point O2 of the second radiator 12 may also be located at other positions. Along the extension direction of the plane containing the radiators, it can be understood as: from... Figure 2c From the perspective shown, the center point O1 of the first radiator 11 and the center point O2 of the second radiator 12 may not coincide.

[0131] Furthermore, the positional relationship between the first feed connection point A1 and the second feed connection point A2 is not limited. In one embodiment, the line connecting the first feed connection point A1 to the center point O1 of the first radiator 11 and the line connecting the second feed connection point A2 to the center point O2 of the second radiator 12 can be parallel, or it can be understood as follows: Figure 2c As shown, along the length L of the radiator, the first feed connection point A1 and the second feed connection point A2 are aligned. In other embodiments, the lines connecting the first feed connection point A1 to the center point O1 of the first radiator 11 and the lines connecting the second feed connection point A2 to the center point O2 of the second radiator 12 may not be parallel. For example, as shown... Figure 2c As shown, along the length direction L of the radiator, the first feed connection point A1 and the second feed connection point A2 can be staggered.

[0132] Similarly, the positional relationship between the third feed connection point A3 and the fourth feed connection point A4 is not limited. Along the length direction L of the radiator, the two can be aligned or staggered.

[0133] The antenna unit in this embodiment can achieve dual polarization in both low-frequency and high-frequency bands by setting two feed connection points (first feed connection point A1 and third feed connection point A3) on the first radiator 11, with an angular difference of 90° between the two feed connection points (first feed connection point A1 and third feed connection point A3) along the circumferential direction of the first radiator 11, and setting two feed connection points (second feed connection point A2 and fourth feed connection point A4) on the second radiator 12, with an angular difference of 90° between the two feed connection points (second feed connection point A2 and fourth feed connection point A4) along the circumferential direction of the second radiator 12. This is beneficial to improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the antenna unit and increasing the channel capacity.

[0134] In one implementation, please refer to Figure 2c and combined Figure 2a It is understood that the first radiator 11 is ring-shaped and has an axisymmetric structure. The grounding component 21 has a ring-shaped columnar structure, with one end connected to the inner edge of the first radiator 11 and the other end connected to the floor 20.

[0135] For other alternative implementation methods, please refer to Figure 4 and combined Figure 2a understand, Figure 4 This is a top view of the antenna unit's first radiator and grounding post according to an embodiment of this application.

[0136] The grounding component 21 includes a plurality of grounding posts 211 spaced circumferentially along the inner edge of the first radiator 11. The first end of each grounding post 211 is connected to the inner edge of the first radiator 11, and the second end of each grounding post 211 is connected to the floor 20.

[0137] In one embodiment, the plurality of grounding posts 211 include a plurality of grounding post pairs, wherein two grounding posts in each grounding post pair are symmetrical about the center point O1 of the first radiator 11. Those skilled in the art will understand that the symmetry is not strictly symmetrical in a mathematical sense; it can have a certain angular offset, for example, with... Figure 4 From the top-down view shown, the grounding post 211 located directly below the center point O1 and the grounding post 211 located directly above the center point O1 form a grounding post pair. These two grounding posts can be strictly symmetrical about the center point O1, or they can be offset by a certain angle relative to the center point O1, for example, by 10° (e.g., ...). Figure 4 In the middle, the grounding post 211 located directly above the center point O1 can be offset to the position of grounding post 211' or grounding post 211" shown by the dashed line.

[0138] In one embodiment, the first radiator 11 has a first axis of symmetry F1 and a second axis of symmetry F2 that are perpendicular to each other. The plurality of grounding posts 211 are symmetrical about the first axis of symmetry F1 and / or the second axis of symmetry F2 of the first radiator 11. Specifically, the symmetry of the plurality of grounding posts 211 about the first axis of symmetry F1 and / or the second axis of symmetry F2 of the first radiator 11 can be understood as follows: if the number of grounding posts 211 is two, then the two grounding posts 211 can be symmetrical about the first axis of symmetry F1 or about the second axis of symmetry F2; if the number of grounding posts 211 is greater than two, then the plurality of grounding posts 211 are symmetrical about the first axis of symmetry F1 and about the second axis of symmetry F2.

[0139] In one embodiment, a plurality of grounding posts 211 are evenly distributed circumferentially along the inner edge of the first radiator 11.

[0140] The number of grounding posts 211 is not limited, for example, it can be 4, 6, 8, etc., as long as the multiple grounding posts 211 are symmetrical about the first axis of symmetry F1 and / or the second axis of symmetry F2 of the first radiator 11, it does not depart from the scope of the embodiments of this application. The cross-sectional shape of the grounding post 211 is not limited, for example, it can be circular, rectangular, polygonal, etc.

[0141] In one implementation method, please refer to Figure 2a and Figure 2c It is understood that the first radiator 11, the second radiator 12, and the radiator array 13 are all symmetrical about the first axis of symmetry F1 and the second axis of symmetry F2. Furthermore, the central axes of the first radiator 11, the second radiator, and the radiator array coincide. The central axis of the first radiator 11 is the axis containing the center of its annulus.

[0142] In this embodiment, the number of sub-radiators in the radiator array 13 is not limited, for example, it can be 2, 4, 6, 8, etc. In one embodiment, the number of sub-radiators is 2, and the two sub-radiators are distributed along a first direction on both sides of the second radiator. The distance between the two sub-radiators along the first direction serves as a second hollow area. The first feed connection point and the second feed connection point are distributed along the first direction, wherein the first direction is parallel to the plane where the second radiator is located. In one embodiment, the first direction may be, for example, parallel to... Figure 2c The radiator shown has a length direction L, and therefore, the two sub-radiators can be, for example, Figure 2c The first direction can be any direction other than the first direction. The second radiator 12 has two sub-radiators located to its left and right.

[0143] In one embodiment, the radiator array is ring-shaped. The radiator array includes N sub-radiator groups. Each sub-radiator group includes multiple sub-radiators. Along the extension direction of the plane where the radiator array is located, the multiple sub-radiators in each sub-radiator group are arranged in pairs at intervals and end-to-end to form a ring structure, wherein N is greater than or equal to 1.

[0144] In one implementation, N equals 1; see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 5a , Figure 5a This is a top view schematic diagram of the radiator array in the antenna unit of this application embodiment. There are 12 sub-radiators 132, which are spaced apart and arranged end-to-end to form a rectangular ring. The interior of the rectangular ring serves as the second hollowed-out region S2 of the radiator array 13. The radiator array 13 with the above structure can also be understood as a 4×4 ring array structure.

[0145] In one embodiment, N is greater than or equal to 2, and the N ring structures formed by the N sub-radiators are concentrically arranged on the same plane to form a multi-layer ring structure. The innermost ring structure of the N ring structures forms the inner space as the second hollow area.

[0146] In one implementation, N equals 2; see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 5b , Figure 5b This is a top view of the radiator array in the antenna unit of this application embodiment. The inner ring has eight sub-radiators 132 arranged in pairs and adjacent to each other to form a rectangular ring 133. This rectangular ring 133 serves as one sub-radiator group of the radiator array 13. The outer ring has 16 sub-radiators 132 arranged in pairs and adjacent to each other to form a rectangular ring 134. This rectangular ring 134 serves as another sub-radiator group of the radiator array 13. The radiator array 13 with the above structure can also be understood as a 3×3 two-ring ring array structure.

[0147] Those skilled in the art will understand that in other alternative embodiments, the number of sub-radiators in each sub-radiator group may be other numbers, and the number N of sub-radiator groups may also be other numbers.

[0148] This application also provides an electronic device including the antenna unit 1 involved in the above embodiments.

[0149] Since the antenna unit of this application embodiment has a lower antenna profile (or can be understood as the antenna height) under the condition of meeting the same bandwidth requirements, the antenna unit of this application embodiment occupies less space in the electronic device, thus helping to achieve miniaturization of the electronic device.

[0150] In one embodiment, to suit the usage requirements of antenna element 1 in electronic devices, and to make the frequency ratio of the two operating frequency bands of the antenna element suitable for specific application scenarios, please refer to [the relevant documentation / reference]. Figure 6 and Figure 7 , Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the antenna unit in the electronic device according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 7 This is a partial three-dimensional exploded view of the electronic device according to an embodiment of this application. The antenna unit 1 is located below the rear cover 231 of the electronic device 2. The sub-radiators (e.g., sub-radiators 132A, 132B, 132C, and 132D) located at the four corners of the rectangular ring in the radiator array 13 are rectangular in shape, while the remaining radiators are annular. The second radiator 12 is also annular in shape. In other embodiments, the shapes of the radiators can also be other shapes.

[0151] In one implementation, please refer to Figure 8 , Figure 8 This is a partial cross-sectional view of an electronic device according to an embodiment of this application. The electronic device 2 also includes a dielectric structure (e.g., dielectric structure 201 and dielectric structure 202). The first radiator 11, the second radiator 12, and the radiator array 13 are all disposed on the dielectric structure (e.g., dielectric structure 201 and dielectric structure 202). The dielectric structure 201 and dielectric structure 202 can be the same dielectric structure or different dielectric structures. Furthermore, the materials of the dielectric structure 201 and dielectric structure 202 can be the same or different. This application does not limit this.

[0152] In one embodiment, dielectric structure 201 and dielectric structure 202 are formed by dielectric substrates located on different layers of a PCB board, and ground plane 20 is formed by grounding layer in the PCB board. The first radiator 11 and the second radiator 12 are both disposed in dielectric structure 202, and the radiator array 13 is disposed in dielectric structure 201. The first radiator 11, the second radiator 12 and the radiator array 13 are all formed by conductive layer (or can be understood as trace layer) in the PCB board.

[0153] In one implementation, please refer to Figure 9 , Figure 9This is a partial cross-sectional view of the electronic device according to an embodiment of this application. The electronic device 2 also includes a back cover 231 and a dielectric structure 202. The radiator array 13 is attached to the surface of the back cover 231 facing the interior of the electronic device. For example, the radiator array 13 can be directly printed on the surface of the back cover 231 facing the floor 20. The first radiator 11 and the second radiator 12 are disposed on the dielectric structure 202. Attaching the radiator array 13 to the back cover 231 can maximize the use of the space below the back cover 231 of the electronic device, which is beneficial to further reduce the space occupied by the antenna unit 1 in the electronic device and further realize the miniaturization of the electronic device.

[0154] When the antenna element in this embodiment is used in a millimeter-wave antenna, and the millimeter-wave antenna is placed under the back cover of the electronic device, the antenna element will excite surface waves on the back cover during operation, thereby affecting the performance of the antenna element. In one embodiment, please refer to... Figure 10 The electronic device 2 also includes a rear cover 231 and a metal enclosure structure 27. The rear cover 231 is disposed opposite to the antenna unit 1. The metal enclosure structure 27 abuts between the rear cover 231 and the floor 20 to enclose the antenna unit 1 in the space formed by the metal enclosure structure 27, the rear cover 231 and the floor 20. The surface waves can be effectively suppressed by setting the metal enclosure structure 27.

[0155] The metal enclosure structure 27 can be, for example, a conductive component disposed within the electronic device 2. The shape of the metal enclosure structure 27 is not limited; for example, it can be a rectangular ring or a circular ring surrounding the outer perimeter of the antenna unit 1. In one embodiment, the end of the metal enclosure structure 27 near the rear cover 231 has a protrusion 271 extending along the surface of the rear cover 231. The protrusion 271 increases the contact area between the metal enclosure structure 27 and the rear cover 231, thereby enhancing the stability and firmness of the contact between them.

[0156] In one embodiment, for ease of installation of the metal fence structure 27, please refer to [link / reference needed]. Figure 11 The electronic device 2 also includes a metal foam 28, which abuts against the metal enclosure structure 27 and the back cover 231. Since the metal foam 28 has a certain degree of elasticity and can be compressed, it can better fill the gap between the metal enclosure structure 27 and the back cover 231 to suit different terminal IDs (industrial design).

[0157] In one implementation, please refer to Figure 12 and Figure 13 , Figure 12 This is a partial three-dimensional structural diagram of the electronic device according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 13This is a partially enlarged three-dimensional structural diagram of an antenna element in an electronic device according to an embodiment of this application. The electronic device 2 includes multiple antenna elements 1, which are arrayed in the electronic device 2. In one embodiment, the multiple antenna elements 1 are provided with a metal enclosure structure around their periphery, or it can be understood that the multiple antenna elements share a single metal enclosure structure to suppress surface waves generated on the back cover of the electronic device when the antenna elements are excited. In other alternative embodiments, each of the multiple antenna elements 1 is provided with an independent metal enclosure structure around its periphery.

[0158] The antenna unit in the electronic device provided in this embodiment was simulated and analyzed using simulation software, and the results were as follows: Figure 14 and Figure 15 The simulation results are shown below.

[0159] Get Figure 14 and Figure 15 The simulation data for the simulation effect diagram shown is shown in Table 1 below (please refer to the table below). Figure 6 and Figure 8 (This is understood.)

[0160] Table 1

[0161]

[0162] It should be noted that the above is only an example of antenna parameter selection. When the antenna element of this application embodiment is applicable to other operating frequency bands, the parameter selection can be adjusted according to the actual application scenario. This application does not limit this.

[0163] exist Figure 14 In the diagram, the horizontal axis represents frequency in GHz, and the vertical axis represents the S11 amplitude in dB. S11 is one of the S-parameters. S11 represents the reflection coefficient, which characterizes the antenna's transmission efficiency. Specifically, the smaller the S11 value, the lower the antenna's return loss, meaning less energy is reflected back, and more energy actually enters the antenna. It should be noted that in engineering, an S11 value of -6 dB is generally used as the standard. When the antenna's S11 value is less than -6 dB, the antenna is considered to be operating normally, or its transmission efficiency is considered to be good. Figure 15 In the diagram, the horizontal axis represents frequency in GHz, and the vertical axis represents antenna gain in dBi. Antenna gain can be understood as the ratio of the radiated power flux density of the antenna in a specified direction to the maximum radiated power flux density of the reference antenna with the same input power. Antenna gain can quantitatively characterize the degree to which the antenna concentrates the input power for radiation and can be used to measure the antenna's ability to transmit and receive signals in a specific direction.

[0164] exist Figure 14In the figure, curve 1 is the S11 curve when the antenna unit is excited at the first feed point in the embodiment of this application and the antenna unit is operating in the low frequency band, and curve 2 is the S11 curve when the antenna unit is excited at the second feed point in the embodiment of this application and the antenna unit is operating in the high frequency band.

[0165] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of this application, since each radiator is an axisymmetric structure, the S11 curve of the antenna element when it excites the third feed point and operates in the low-frequency band is basically consistent with or coincides with curve 1, and the S11 curve of the antenna element when it excites the fourth feed point and operates in the high-frequency band is basically consistent with or coincides with curve 2.

[0166] from Figure 14 As can be seen, with an S11 value of -10dB as the standard, the antenna element in this embodiment can cover the 24.25GHz to 29.5GHz frequency band and the 37GHz to 43.5GHz frequency band.

[0167] exist Figure 15 In the diagram, curve 1 is the gain curve of the antenna unit in the embodiment of this application when it operates in the low-frequency band, and curve 2 is the gain curve of the antenna unit in the embodiment of this application when it operates in the high-frequency band.

[0168] from Figure 14 As can be seen, in the low-frequency band of 24.25GHz to 29.5GHz and the high-frequency band of 37GHz to 43.5GHz, the gain of the antenna element in this application embodiment is approximately 6.7dBi to 10.6dBi.

[0169] As can be seen, the antenna element of this application embodiment can cover the frequency bands of 24.25GHz to 29.5GHz and 37GHz to 43.5GHz, and the gain in these two frequency bands is about 6.7dBi to 10.6dBi. It can be seen that the antenna element of this application embodiment can be applied to multiple frequency bands and has a high bandwidth in each frequency band.

[0170] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Therefore, if such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application also intends to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. An antenna element, characterized in that, include: A first radiator and a grounding element are provided. Along the height direction of the antenna element, the first radiator is spaced apart from the ground, and the first radiator is connected to the ground through the grounding element. The second radiator is spaced apart from the first radiator, and along the height direction of the antenna element, the second radiator is spaced apart from the floor. The radiator array is arranged at intervals relative to the first radiator along the height direction of the antenna element and is located on the side of the first radiator away from the floor; the radiator array includes at least two sub-radiators, which are arranged at intervals relative to each other along the extension direction of the plane in which the radiator array is located. The first radiator has a first hollow area, and the radiator array has a second hollow area; Using a plane parallel to the plane where the floor is located as the projection plane, the projection of the first radiator on the projection plane is the first projection, the projection of the second radiator on the projection plane is the second projection, and the projection of the radiator array on the projection plane is the third projection; the first projection and the third projection at least partially overlap, and at least a portion of the second projection is located within the outline formed by the first hollow area on the projection plane, and at least a portion of the second projection is located within the outline formed by the second hollow area on the projection plane; The first radiator is provided with a first feed connection point, and the second radiator is provided with a second feed connection point. The first feed connection point is connected to the first feed point, and the second feed connection point is connected to the second feed point.

2. The antenna element as described in claim 1, characterized in that, When the antenna element is in the first operating frequency band, the first radiator can be excited to generate a first resonance, and the radiator array can be excited to generate a second resonance. When the antenna element is in the second operating frequency band, the second radiator can be excited to generate a third resonance, and the first radiator and the radiator array can be excited to generate a fourth resonance.

3. The antenna element as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The radiator array has an axisymmetric structure; The radiator array is ring-shaped; The radiator array includes N sub-radiator groups; Each sub-radiator group includes multiple sub-radiators. Along the extension direction of the plane where the radiator array is located, the multiple sub-radiators in each sub-radiator group are arranged in pairs at intervals and are adjacent to each other to form a ring structure, wherein N is greater than or equal to 1.

4. The antenna element as described in claim 3, characterized in that, N is greater than or equal to 2, and the N ring structures formed by the N sub-radiators are concentrically arranged on the same plane to form a multi-layer ring structure. The innermost ring structure of the N ring structures forms the inner space as the second hollow area.

5. The antenna element as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The second projection is entirely located within the outline formed by the second hollow area on the projection surface, and the second projection is entirely located within the outline formed by the first hollow area on the projection surface.

6. The antenna element as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first radiator is further provided with a third feed connection point, which is connected to a third feed point; the second radiator is further provided with a fourth feed connection point, which is connected to a fourth feed point. The angle between the line connecting the first feed connection point and the center point of the first radiator, and the line connecting the third feed connection point and the center point of the first radiator, is 90°. The angle between the line connecting the second feed connection point and the center point of the second radiator, and the line connecting the fourth feed connection point and the center point of the second radiator, is 90°.

7. The antenna element as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first radiator is ring-shaped and has an axisymmetric structure; The grounding component has a ring-shaped columnar structure, with one end connected to the inner edge of the first radiator and the other end connected to the floor. Alternatively: the grounding element includes a plurality of grounding posts spaced circumferentially along the inner edge of the first radiator, wherein the first end of each of the plurality of grounding posts is connected to the inner edge of the first radiator.

8. The antenna element as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The plurality of grounding posts are evenly distributed circumferentially along the inner edge of the first radiator.

9. The antenna element as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The first radiator has a first axis of symmetry and a second axis of symmetry that are perpendicular to each other, and the first radiator, the second radiator and the radiator array are all symmetrical about the first axis of symmetry and the second axis of symmetry. Furthermore, the central axis of the first radiator, the central axis of the second radiator, and the central axis of the radiator array coincide.

10. The antenna element according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The first radiator, the second radiator, and the radiator array are all sheet-shaped radiators.

11. An electronic device, characterized in that, Includes the antenna element as described in any one of claims 1 to 10.

12. The electronic device as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that, The electronic device includes a plurality of antenna elements, which are arrayed in the electronic device.

13. The electronic device as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that, The electronic device further includes a dielectric structure, wherein the first radiator, the second radiator, and the radiator array are all disposed in the dielectric structure.

14. The electronic device as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that, The electronic device further includes a back cover and a dielectric structure. The radiator array is attached to the surface of the back cover facing the interior of the electronic device, and the first radiator and the second radiator are disposed on the dielectric structure.

15. The electronic device according to any one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that, The electronic device also includes a back cover and a metal enclosure structure. The back cover is disposed opposite to the antenna unit, and the metal enclosure structure abuts between the back cover and the floor to enclose the antenna unit within the space formed by the metal enclosure structure, the back cover, and the floor.

16. The electronic device according to any one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that: The first radiator includes a conductive element disposed in the electronic device, the second radiator includes a conductive element disposed in the electronic device, and the radiator array includes conductive elements disposed in the electronic device; or: The first radiator includes a portion of a conductive layer in the PCB board, the second radiator includes a portion of a conductive layer in the PCB board, the radiator array includes a portion of a conductive layer in the PCB board, and the ground plane includes a portion of a ground layer in the PCB board.

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