A method and monitoring system for solving coal mine rock burst disaster by structural regulation

Abstract

The application provides a method and a monitoring system for solving coal mine rock burst disaster by structural regulation, comprising: obtaining identification data of a coal rock body structure to be mined; inversing the coal rock body structure prone to stress concentration in a mine by the structural identification data to obtain abnormal geological structure distribution; determining a regional subsystem structural regulation method; excavating a mine roadway and mining a working face in the mine, and synchronously arranging a multi-element precursor information monitoring system; determining a local subsystem structural regulation method according to monitoring data of the monitoring system to change the coal rock body structure distribution form and form a low stress field in a mining and excavating area. The application solves the root structure of high stress from the root of the surrounding rock stress field, and has good rock burst prevention and control effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal mining technology, and in particular to a method and monitoring system for solving coal mine rockburst disasters by utilizing structural control. Background Technology

[0002] Based on the current state of research both domestically and internationally, the traditional mechanisms of rockburst occurrence generally consider stress and energy as the main influencing factors. It is generally believed that rockburst is caused by the large accumulation of elastic energy in the coal and rock mass. When a certain limit is reached, the coal and rock mass suddenly becomes unstable, and the rockburst disaster occurs.

[0003] In underground coal mines, the coal and rock masses in coal-bearing strata are always under certain geostress due to the mining process. Loosening zones, stress concentration zones, and original stress zones exist on both sides of the roadway. The stress concentration can reach several times or even ten times the original stress, while the distance from the roadway wall may be several meters to tens of meters. Coal is a typical microscopic heterogeneous body containing original damage, with many microcavities, microcracks, bedding planes, joints, and other weak structural surfaces, as well as granular cement. Numerous cracks exist within the loosening zones on both sides of the coal roadway. Rockburst prevention is a complex system engineering project. Research on rockburst disasters urgently needs to link the occurrence mechanism, monitoring and early warning, and comprehensive prevention and control to establish a comprehensive rockburst prevention and control system for deep mining. Current rockburst disaster prevention methods mainly focus on preventing stress concentration, but these methods are outdated and resemble "treating the symptoms rather than the root cause," failing to fundamentally eliminate rockburst disasters and resulting in high economic costs and poor prevention and control effects. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a method for solving rockburst disasters in coal mines by utilizing structural control. It enables underground mining activities to be carried out under low stress conditions, resulting in high safety. Compared with traditional rockburst disaster prevention methods, the structural control method starts from the root cause of the stress field in the surrounding rock and solves the root cause structure of high stress, thus achieving better rockburst prevention effect.

[0005] This invention also provides a monitoring system that can detect stress anomaly areas during mining and immediately determine the local subsystem structure control method, thereby guiding the control of the coal and rock mass structure distribution to form a low-stress field in the mining area, thus enabling safe and efficient coal mining. This solves the problem of the lag in existing rockburst disaster prevention methods, and only stress anomaly areas are depressurized and protected during the working face mining process, resulting in high economic benefits and good prevention effect.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A method for addressing coal mine rockburst disasters using structural control includes:

[0008] Obtain identification data of the pre-mined coal and rock mass structure;

[0009] By using structural identification data, the coal and rock mass structures that are prone to stress concentration underground can be inverted to obtain the distribution of abnormal geological structures.

[0010] Determine the methods for regulating the structure of regional subsystems;

[0011] Underground tunnel excavation and working face mining were carried out simultaneously, along with the deployment of a multi-dimensional precursor information monitoring system.

[0012] Based on the monitoring data from the monitoring system, methods for regulating the structure of local subsystems are determined to change the distribution of coal and rock mass structure and create a low-stress field in the mining area.

[0013] Optionally, after determining the method for regulating the structure of the regional subsystem, the method further includes:

[0014] To regulate the structure of regional subsystems;

[0015] Obtain stress evolution data of the regulated regional subsystem structure;

[0016] Low-stress mining activities are conducted based on stress evolution data.

[0017] Optionally, after determining the local subsystem structure control method based on the monitoring data of the monitoring system, the method further includes: controlling the local subsystem structure;

[0018] Obtain stress evolution data of the regulated local subsystem structure;

[0019] Low-stress mining activities are conducted based on stress evolution data.

[0020] Optionally, the acquisition of identification data of the pre-mined coal and rock mass structure includes: acquiring identification data of the coal and rock mass structure through at least one of the following structural identification technologies: ground stress monitoring, microseismic monitoring, electromagnetic radiation monitoring, acoustic emission monitoring, and seismic wave monitoring.

[0021] Optionally, in the process of inverting the coal and rock mass structure that is prone to stress concentration underground through structural identification data and obtaining the distribution of abnormal geological structures, the abnormal geological structures include at least one of the following: hard rock strata, thick rock strata, synclines, anticlines, and faults, which are prone to stress concentration during mining activities.

[0022] Optionally, in the method for regulating the structure of a defined regional subsystem, the method includes spatial regulation, process regulation, sampling regulation, and technical regulation, wherein...

[0023] Spatial control includes at least one of the following: the layout of coal pillar roadways in the goaf and the layout of protective layer roadways.

[0024] Process control includes at least one of small coal pillar roadway protection technology and coal pillarless roadway protection technology;

[0025] Mining control methods include techniques such as roadway retention and roof cutting along the goaf;

[0026] Technical control includes at least one of high-level fracturing technology control, mid-level ultra-long borehole fracturing technology control, and low-level hydraulic fracturing technology control.

[0027] Optionally, during the underground roadway excavation and working face mining, a multi-element precursor information monitoring system is simultaneously deployed. This multi-element precursor information monitoring system includes:

[0028] Collect data on microseismic activity, stress monitoring, electromagnetic radiation, and ground sound monitoring at the engineering site;

[0029] By utilizing multi-source heterogeneous data processing technology, and through at least one of the following technical means: multi-source monitoring data extraction, unified description, feature analysis and modeling, application information feature extraction, data mining, pattern recognition, network technology and computer programming, a remote monitoring and early warning platform for rockbursts is formed, which includes data acquisition and transmission, analysis and calculation, data visualization and decision support.

[0030] Optionally, in the step of determining the local subsystem structure control method based on the monitoring data of the monitoring system, the local subsystem structure control method includes at least one of surrounding rock control and pressure relief control, wherein surrounding rock control includes energy release modification and grouting reinforcement;

[0031] Pressure relief control includes at least one of the following methods: pressure relief drilling, pressure relief blasting, hydraulic fracturing, and ultra-long directional drilling.

[0032] This invention also provides a monitoring system for monitoring multi-dimensional precursor information in underground mine roadway excavation and working faces, including:

[0033] The multi-source precursor information monitoring substation collects data on micro-seismic activity, stress monitoring, electromagnetic radiation, and ground sound monitoring at the engineering site.

[0034] The transmission module is connected to the multi-source precursor information monitoring substation;

[0035] A comprehensive monitoring platform is connected to the transmission module. Data collected by the multi-source precursor information monitoring substations is transmitted to the comprehensive monitoring platform through the transmission module. The comprehensive monitoring platform utilizes multi-source heterogeneous data processing technology and constructs a remote monitoring and early warning platform for rockbursts that includes data acquisition and transmission, analysis and calculation, data visualization, and decision support by employing at least one of the following techniques: multi-source monitoring data extraction, unified description, feature analysis and modeling, application information feature extraction, data mining, pattern recognition, network technology, and computer programming.

[0036] Optionally, the multi-source precursor information monitoring substation includes a stress monitoring substation, a CT monitoring substation, and a microseismic monitoring substation.

[0037] The stress monitoring substation collects stress distribution information inside the coal and rock mass through borehole stress sensors, which are embedded into the coal and rock mass on opposite sides of the working face.

[0038] The CT monitoring substation identifies internal cracks and hardness information of the coal and rock mass through a transmitting terminal and a receiving terminal. The transmitting terminal and the receiving terminal are arranged on opposite sides of the working face.

[0039] The microseismic monitoring substation collects vibration information inside the coal and rock mass through microseismic sensors, which are embedded into the coal and rock mass on opposite sides of the working face.

[0040] The multi-factor precursor information includes the stress distribution information, the internal crack information of the coal and rock mass, the hardness information of the coal and rock mass, and the internal vibration information of the coal and rock mass. The multi-factor precursor information is transmitted to the integrated monitoring platform through the transmission module. The transmission module includes a ring network switch and an underground ring network switch, which are interconnected. The underground ring network switch transmits the multi-factor precursor information to the ring network switch, and the ring network switch transmits the multi-factor precursor information to the integrated monitoring platform to realize the remote monitoring and early warning of underground rockbursts by the integrated monitoring platform.

[0041] The above technical solution has at least the following advantages compared with the existing technology:

[0042] The above-mentioned scheme uses structural identification technology to identify special structures in coal mines that are prone to stress concentration before underground construction. Then, it determines regional subsystem structural control methods to cause the underground structure to evolve, allowing mining activities to proceed under low-stress conditions. During the longwall mining process, multi-source precursor information monitoring technology is used to monitor areas of abnormal stress, and local subsystem structural control methods are employed for localized pressure relief, ensuring safe and efficient production at the working face. This allows underground mining activities to proceed under low-stress conditions, resulting in high safety. Compared with traditional methods for preventing rockburst disasters, the structural control method addresses the root cause of high stress by targeting the stress field of the surrounding rock, thus achieving better rockburst prevention.

[0043] The above-described scheme deploys a multi-element precursor information monitoring system during tunnel excavation and face mining to promptly monitor areas of abnormal stress that occur during the mining process. If an abnormal stress area is detected during mining, a method for adjusting the structure of the local subsystem is immediately determined to alter the distribution of the coal and rock mass, creating a low-stress field in the mining area, thereby enabling safe and efficient coal mining. This solves the problem of outdated existing methods for preventing rockburst disasters, and by providing stress relief protection only to areas of abnormal stress during face mining, it achieves high economic benefits and good prevention effects. Attached Figure Description

[0044] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0045] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 This is another flowchart of the method of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 3 This is yet another flowchart of the method of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the inversion of the method of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the monitoring system of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a local subsystem structure in this invention;

[0051] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of another local subsystem structure in this invention.

[0052] The annotations in the attached figures are explained as follows:

[0053] 10. Goaf behind the face; 20. Goaf adjacent to the side; 100. Roof; 200. Regional subsystem; 300. Inversion process; 1. Monitoring system; 11. Integrated monitoring platform; 12. Ring network switch; 13. Downhole ring network switch; 14. Stress monitoring substation; 15. CT monitoring substation; 16. Microseismic monitoring substation; 17. Drill cuttings monitoring substation; 151. Transmitter terminal; 152. Receiver terminal; 141. Borehole stress sensor; 161. Microseismic sensor; h1. Borehole stress sensor burial depth; h2. Microseismic sensor Device embedment depth; d1, transmitter terminal spacing; d2, microseismic sensor embedment spacing; 60, local subsystem structure; 61, first thick hard rock layer; 62, second thick hard rock layer; 601, first predetermined area; 602, second predetermined area; 603, third predetermined area; 604, inner unloading ring; 605, pressure relief cavity; 606, roadway; 70, another local subsystem structure; 701, mining roadway; 71, large diameter borehole; 72, weakened zone; C1, stress distribution curve before pressure relief; C2, stress distribution curve after pressure relief. Detailed Implementation

[0054] Rockburst prevention is a complex systems engineering project. From a systems engineering perspective, the structural form of a rock mechanics system is the foundation for ensuring its function and overall performance. The system's geometric structure information is a component of its control variables. Changes in the system's structural form alter its function and overall performance. For rock mechanics systems in a critical or unstable state, adjusting and optimizing their structural form can strengthen the system, improve its stability, and prevent instability. Research on rockburst disasters needs to interconnect the occurrence mechanism, monitoring and early warning, and comprehensive prevention and control, establishing a comprehensive rockburst prevention and control system for deep mining. The structure of the coal and rock mass is the root cause of the evolution of the surrounding rock stress field; changes in the system structure are the fundamental reason for stress changes and transfers. Stress is merely the external manifestation of these structural changes. Rockburst disaster prevention and control should start from regulating the coal and rock mass structure. Therefore, this invention proposes a method for solving coal mine rockburst disasters using structural regulation.

[0055] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0056] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. Terms such as “comprising” or “including” mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the element or object listed following the word and its equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as “connected” or “linked” are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect.

[0057] This invention addresses the problems of outdated, costly, and ineffective existing methods for preventing and controlling rockburst disasters. It provides a method for resolving coal mine rockburst disasters using structural control. Before underground construction, structural identification technology is used to identify specific structures in the coal mine that are prone to stress concentration. Then, a regional subsystem structural control method is determined, causing the underground structure to evolve. Furthermore, during the working face mining process, multi-source precursor information monitoring technology is used to monitor areas of abnormal stress, and local subsystem structural control methods are used for localized pressure relief, thereby ensuring safe and efficient production at the working face. Combined with… Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides a method for addressing coal mine rockburst disasters using structural control. The method includes the following steps:

[0058] S100: Obtain identification data of the coal and rock mass structure to be mined;

[0059] S200: By using structural identification data, the structure of coal and rock masses that are prone to stress concentration in underground mines is inverted to obtain the distribution of abnormal geological structures;

[0060] S300: Determine the method for regulating the structure of regional subsystems;

[0061] S400: Underground roadway excavation and working face mining, with a multi-dimensional precursor information monitoring system deployed simultaneously;

[0062] S500: Based on the monitoring data of the monitoring system, determine the local subsystem structure control method to change the distribution of coal and rock mass structure and form a low-stress field in the mining area.

[0063] The above-mentioned scheme uses structural identification technology to identify special structures in coal mines that are prone to stress concentration before underground construction. Then, it determines regional subsystem structural control methods to cause the underground structure to evolve, allowing mining activities to proceed under low-stress conditions. During the longwall mining process, multi-source precursor information monitoring technology is used to monitor areas of abnormal stress, and local subsystem structural control methods are employed for localized pressure relief, ensuring safe and efficient production at the working face. This allows underground mining activities to proceed under low-stress conditions, resulting in high safety. Compared with traditional methods for preventing rockburst disasters, the structural control method addresses the root cause of high stress by targeting the stress field of the surrounding rock, thus achieving better rockburst prevention.

[0064] It should be understood that although the steps in the flowcharts of the accompanying figures are shown sequentially as indicated by the arrows, these steps are not necessarily executed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless explicitly stated herein, there is no strict order restriction on the execution of these steps, and they can be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least some steps in the flowcharts of the accompanying figures may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages. These sub-steps or stages are not necessarily completed at the same time, but can be executed at different times, and their execution order is not necessarily sequential, but can be performed alternately or in turn with other steps or at least some of the sub-steps or stages of other steps.

[0065] In the above scheme, steps S300 to S500 are repeated until the coal seam is successfully mined.

[0066] In the above scheme, S100: Obtain identification data of the pre-mined coal and rock mass structure. This can be achieved through structural identification technology, which can be used to obtain data on the structure of thick and hard rock layers, large fractures, faults, etc. The structural identification technology can include XRD mineral composition analysis, SEM microstructure analysis, and quantitative microstructure analysis of core samples from deep drilling coal and rock masses, or by collecting multi-source data information such as microseismic, stress monitoring, electromagnetic radiation, and ground sound monitoring from the engineering site. Multi-source heterogeneous data processing technology can be used to construct multi-source monitoring data extraction, unified description, feature analysis, and models. Information feature extraction, data mining, pattern recognition, network technology, and computer programming can be applied to analyze and calculate, visualize, and support the structure of the pre-mined coal and rock mass.

[0067] In some embodiments, S100: Obtaining identification data of the pre-mined coal and rock mass structure includes: obtaining identification data of the coal and rock mass structure through at least one structure identification technology selected from ground stress monitoring, microseismic monitoring, electromagnetic radiation monitoring, acoustic emission monitoring, and seismic wave monitoring.

[0068] It should be noted that the multi-source precursor information monitoring platform has a variety of data information, including stress monitoring, microseismic monitoring, electromagnetic radiation monitoring, acoustic emission monitoring, and seismic wave monitoring. It can successfully invert the distribution of abnormal geological structures using only one type of coal and rock mass structural identification data. Inversion can be performed based on the actual acquired data. Generally, the more types of identification data there are, the clearer and more accurate the inverted distribution of abnormal geological structures will be.

[0069] In the above embodiment, in S200: through structural identification data, the coal and rock mass structure that is prone to stress concentration in the mine is inverted to obtain the distribution of abnormal geological structures. The abnormal geological structures include at least one structure that is prone to stress concentration during mining activities, such as hard rock strata, thick rock strata, synclines, anticlines, and faults.

[0070] In the above embodiments, S300: Determine the regional subsystem structure control method, which includes spatial control, process control, mining method control, and technical control. Spatial control includes at least one of the following: the layout of coal pillar roadways and the layout of protective layer roadways in the goaf. Process control includes at least one of the following: small coal pillar roadway protection technology and coal pillar-free roadway protection technology. Mining method control includes the goaf-side roadway retention and roof cutting technology. Technical control includes at least one of the following: high-level fracturing technology control, mid-level ultra-long borehole fracturing technology control, and low-level hydraulic fracturing technology control.

[0071] In the above embodiments, the regional subsystem can be understood as a part of the coal and rock mass to be mined. The regional subsystem can be divided by a comprehensive monitoring platform, thereby dividing the entire mining area into multiple parts for mining. During the mining and tunneling process, by determining the structural control method within the regional subsystem, such as if there are abnormal geological structures in the coal and rock mass of a certain regional subsystem that affect the safe and efficient production of underground mining, the abnormality can be removed by the goaf-keeping and roof-cutting technology according to the mining environment and technical indicators, thereby ensuring a low-stress environment for the mining area.

[0072] Furthermore, it should be noted that in actual mining operations, only one method of regional subsystem structure control is typically used, i.e., selecting one from spatial control, process control, and mining method control. However, this invention is not limited to adopting only one regional subsystem structure control method; it can employ a combination of spatial control and process control, or a combination of process control and mining method control, which will not be listed here.

[0073] Combination Figure 2 In some embodiments, after determining the regional subsystem structure control method in S300, the method further includes:

[0074] S310: To regulate the structure of regional subsystems;

[0075] S320: Acquire stress evolution data of the regulated regional subsystem structure;

[0076] S330: Low-stress mining activities based on stress evolution data.

[0077] In the above scheme, after removing abnormal geological structures by using the goaf-keeping and roof-cutting technology, the regional subsystem structure will inevitably undergo stress evolution. Then, the structure identification technology in S100 is used to monitor and identify the regulated regional subsystem structure, obtain stress evolution data of the regulated regional subsystem structure, and prepare for mining activities under low stress based on the distribution of the regulated regional subsystem structure.

[0078] In some embodiments, during S400: underground roadway excavation and working face mining, a multi-source precursor information monitoring system is simultaneously deployed. The multi-source precursor information monitoring system includes data information collected from the engineering site's micro-seismic, stress monitoring, electromagnetic radiation, and ground sound monitoring. Utilizing multi-source heterogeneous data processing technology, it forms a remote monitoring and early warning platform for rockburst that includes data acquisition and transmission, analysis and calculation, data visualization, and decision support by constructing at least one of the following technical means: multi-source monitoring data extraction, unified description, feature analysis and modeling, application information feature extraction, data mining, pattern recognition, network technology, and computer programming.

[0079] In the above embodiments, in determining the local subsystem structure control method based on the monitoring data of the monitoring system, the local subsystem structure control method includes at least one of surrounding rock control and pressure relief control. The surrounding rock control includes energy release modification and grouting reinforcement, and the pressure relief control includes at least one of pressure relief drilling, pressure relief blasting, hydraulic fracturing, and ultra-long directional drilling pressure relief methods.

[0080] Similarly, in actual mining, only one method is generally used for the control of local subsystem structure, that is, one of surrounding rock control and pressure relief control. However, the present invention is not limited to this. One of the control methods, surrounding rock control and pressure relief control, can be used, or a combination of surrounding rock control and pressure relief control can be used for control.

[0081] In actual mining operations, the stress of the coal and rock mass also evolves in real time due to the mining and drilling processes. To keep track of the evolution of the coal and rock mass, a multi-element precursor information monitoring system is used to monitor the coal and rock mass. If abnormal geological structures that are unfavorable to mining occur during the mining process, the coal and rock mass structure in the local subsystem is adjusted. Specific control methods include surrounding rock control and pressure relief control. By adjusting the coal and rock mass structure at any time, it is ensured that mining is always carried out in a low-stress environment.

[0082] Combination Figure 6In one embodiment of the local subsystem structure 60 shown, based on monitoring data from the monitoring system, a first thick hard rock layer 61 and a second thick hard rock layer 62 exist at the top of the coal seam to be mined, and an anomaly zone exists along the coal seam mining direction within the coal seam to be mined. A local subsystem control scheme is then determined. Taking pressure relief control as an example, for the three abnormal geological structures, hydraulic fracturing technology can be used in the first thick hard rock layer to create fractures in a first predetermined area 601 of the first thick hard rock layer to reduce ground pressure. For the second thick hard rock layer... In the second predetermined area 602, hydraulic fracturing and roof cutting technology is used to relieve the stress caused by the roof in the second predetermined area 602. In addition, boreholes can be drilled in the working face of the coal seam to be mined using ultra-long directional drilling technology to reach the third predetermined area 603. In the third predetermined area 603, a cavity-making and pressure relief zone is determined, and two adjacent inner pressure relief rings 604 are preset. A pressure relief cavity 605 is drilled in each of the two inner pressure relief rings. The diameter of the pressure relief cavity 605 is more than 20mm, thereby relieving the pressure on the coal seam to be mined and preventing coal seam instability.

[0083] Combination Figure 3 In some embodiments, after S500: determining the local subsystem structure control method based on the monitoring data of the monitoring system, the method further includes:

[0084] S510: To regulate the structure of local subsystems;

[0085] S520: Obtain stress evolution data of the local subsystem structure after regulation;

[0086] S530: Conduct low-stress mining activities based on stress evolution data.

[0087] The local subsystem in the above embodiments can be understood as a part of the regional subsystem during the pre-mining process. The integrated monitoring platform divides different local subsystems within the regional subsystem according to the coal and rock mass structure, thereby advancing in segments and breaking them down one by one to improve work efficiency and ensure construction safety.

[0088] During the mining process, after adjusting the structure of the local subsystem based on the monitoring data of the monitoring system, the stress data of the local subsystem will inevitably change. By analyzing and calculating through the comprehensive monitoring platform, stress evolution data is obtained, and drilling and mining are carried out in a low-stress environment in the local subsystem structure to ensure construction safety and prevent damage caused by rock bursts.

[0089] Combination Figure 7 , Figure 7Another local subsystem structure 70 is shown. After determining the local subsystem structure control method based on the monitoring data of the monitoring system, the local subsystem structure is actually controlled by the pressure relief control technology. The specific scheme is as follows: in the working face of the mining roadway 701, pressure relief is carried out by drilling a large-diameter borehole into the coal seam to be mined along the coal seam mining direction. A rockburst weakening zone 72 will be formed around the large-diameter borehole 71. The stress data of the local subsystem changes. By comparing the stress distribution curve C1 before pressure relief and the stress distribution curve C2 after pressure relief, it can be seen that the stress concentration area moves backward. Therefore, coal seam mining in the rockburst weakening zone ensures construction in a low-stress environment and ensures construction safety.

[0090] Combination Figure 4 In some embodiments, stress concentration areas exist in the pre-mined coal seam. Within the regional subsystem 200 of the divided coal seam, advanced monitoring platforms are deployed in the goaf 10 behind the working face from the direction of advance of the pre-mined coal seam. The advanced monitoring platforms monitor the front of the target coal and rock mass. Lateral monitoring platforms are deployed in the adjacent goaf 20 to detect lateral pressure. The pressure data obtained by the advanced monitoring platforms and the lateral platforms are transmitted to the online stress analysis. Through stress analysis, the internal stress data information of the coal and rock mass is obtained, and the structure that is prone to stress concentration underground is inverted.

[0091] In addition, continue to combine Figure 4 To understand the inversion process of coal seam structure 300, along the advance direction of the pre-mined coal seam, a CT inversion monitoring platform and an acoustic emission monitoring platform are set up in the adjacent goaf area. The CT inversion monitoring platform can monitor the internal composition of the coal and rock mass and calculate and invert the internal structure of the coal and rock mass. The acoustic emission monitoring platform can monitor the microseismic and ground sound inside the coal and rock mass. The internal stress data, structural composition information, microseismic and ground sound information of the coal and rock mass obtained by inversion are fused. The final pre-mined coal and rock mass structure is inverted through the fused data. If the roof 100 of the inverted coal and rock mass structure shows abnormal geological structures such as fracture or collapse, the roof 100 is controlled by the fused data. This control can be carried out by cutting the roof 100 through the goaf-keeping and roof-cutting technology, thereby avoiding the instability of the coal and rock mass.

[0092] After eliminating hidden dangers, underground roadway excavation and working face mining are carried out. During roadway excavation and working face mining, a multi-element precursor information monitoring system is deployed to monitor stress anomaly areas that occur during mining. If stress anomaly areas are detected during mining, the local subsystem structure control method is immediately determined, and the problem of local stress anomaly areas is solved by decompression methods to form a low stress field in the mining area.

[0093] The present invention also provides a monitoring system 1 for monitoring multi-source precursor information in underground mine roadway excavation and working faces, comprising: a multi-source precursor information monitoring substation, a transmission module, and a comprehensive monitoring platform 11. The multi-source precursor information monitoring substation collects data information from at least one of the following: micro-vibration, stress monitoring, electromagnetic radiation, and ground sound monitoring at the engineering site.

[0094] The transmission module connects to the multi-source precursor information monitoring substation. The integrated monitoring platform 11 is connected to the transmission module. The data collected by the multi-source precursor information monitoring substation is transmitted to the integrated monitoring platform through the transmission module. The integrated monitoring platform utilizes multi-source heterogeneous data processing technology and constructs a remote monitoring and early warning platform for rockbursts that includes data acquisition and transmission, analysis and calculation, data visualization, and decision support by employing at least one of the following techniques: multi-source monitoring data extraction, unified description, feature analysis and modeling, application information feature extraction, data mining, pattern recognition, network technology, and computer programming.

[0095] In the above embodiments, the multi-source precursor information monitoring substation includes a stress monitoring substation 14, a CT monitoring substation 15, and a microseismic monitoring substation 16. The stress monitoring substation collects stress distribution information inside the coal and rock mass through borehole stress sensors 141, which are embedded into the coal and rock mass on opposite sides of the working face. The CT monitoring substation 15 identifies cracks and hardness information inside the coal and rock mass through transmitting terminals 151 and receiving terminals 152, which are also located on opposite sides of the working face. The microseismic monitoring substation 16 collects vibration information inside the coal and rock mass through microseismic sensors 161, which are also embedded into the coal and rock mass on opposite sides of the working face.

[0096] In one embodiment, combined with Figure 5 Along the direction of coal seam mining, the probes of the multi-element precursor information monitoring substation are buried within 100 meters behind the working face. The borehole stress sensor 141 is buried into the coal and rock mass on both sides of the working face at a depth h1 of 14 meters. The micro-vibration sensor 161 is buried into the coal and rock mass on both sides of the working face at a depth h2 of 8 meters and a spacing d2 of 20 meters. The CT monitoring substation 15 has a transmitting terminal spacing h1 of 50 meters and a receiving terminal spacing of 50 meters to comprehensively and effectively collect multi-element precursor information within the coal seam.

[0097] The multi-factor precursor information includes stress distribution information, internal crack information of coal and rock mass, hardness information of coal and rock mass, and internal vibration information of coal and rock mass. The multi-factor precursor information is transmitted to the integrated monitoring platform through the transmission module, which includes a ring network switch 12 and an underground ring network switch 13. The ring network switch 12 and the underground ring network switch 13 are interconnected. The underground ring network switch 13 transmits the multi-factor precursor information to the ring network switch 12. The ring network switch 12 transmits the multi-factor precursor information to the integrated monitoring platform 11 to realize the remote monitoring and early warning of underground rockburst by the integrated monitoring platform 11.

[0098] The monitoring system 1 provided by this invention includes a remote monitoring and early warning platform for rockbursts, comprising underground data acquisition and transmission, analysis and calculation, data visualization, and decision support. It can monitor areas of abnormal stress during mining operations, immediately determine methods for adjusting the structure of local subsystems, change the distribution of the coal and rock mass structure, and create a low-stress field in the mining area, thereby enabling safe and efficient coal mining. This solves the problem of outdated existing rockburst disaster prevention methods, and by providing stress relief protection only to areas of abnormal stress during working face mining, it achieves high economic benefits and good prevention effects.

[0099] The following points need to be explained:

[0100] (1) The accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention only involve the structures involved in the embodiments of the present invention. Other structures can refer to the general design.

[0101] (2) For clarity, the thickness of layers or regions is enlarged or reduced in the drawings used to describe embodiments of the present invention, i.e., these drawings are not drawn to actual scale.

[0102] (3) Where there is no conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other to obtain new embodiments.

[0103] The above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. The scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for solving coal mine rockburst disasters using structural control, characterized in that, include: Obtain identification data of the pre-mined coal and rock mass structure; By identifying data, the coal and rock mass structure that is prone to stress concentration in the mine can be inverted to obtain the distribution of abnormal geological structures. Determine the methods for regulating the structure of regional subsystems; Underground tunnel excavation and working face mining were carried out simultaneously, along with the deployment of a multi-dimensional precursor information monitoring system. Based on the monitoring data of the monitoring system, determine the local subsystem structure control method to change the distribution of coal and rock mass structure and form a low stress field in the mining area. Following the method for determining the structure and control of the regional subsystem, the method further includes: To regulate the structure of regional subsystems; Obtain stress evolution data of the regulated regional subsystem structure; Low-stress mining activities are conducted based on stress evolution data; After determining the local subsystem structure control method based on the monitoring data from the monitoring system, the following is also included: To regulate the structure of local subsystems; Obtain stress evolution data of the regulated local subsystem structure; Low-stress mining activities are conducted based on stress evolution data; In the process of identifying data and inverting the coal and rock mass structure that is prone to stress concentration in the mine to obtain the distribution of abnormal geological structures, the abnormal geological structures include at least one of the following: hard rock strata, thick rock strata, synclines, anticlines, and faults, which are prone to stress concentration during low-stress mining activities. In the method for determining the structure of a regional subsystem, the method includes at least one of spatial control, process control, mining method control and technical control, wherein spatial control includes at least one of the layout of coal pillar roadways and protective layer roadways in the goaf area. Process control includes at least one of small coal pillar roadway protection technology and coal pillarless roadway protection technology; Mining control methods include techniques such as roadway retention and roof cutting along the goaf; Technical control includes at least one of high-level fracturing technical control, mid-level ultra-long borehole fracturing technical control, and low-level hydraulic fracturing technical control. During the underground roadway excavation and working face mining, a multi-element precursor information monitoring system is simultaneously deployed. This multi-element precursor information monitoring system includes: Collect data on microseismic activity, stress monitoring, electromagnetic radiation, and ground sound monitoring at the engineering site; By utilizing multi-source heterogeneous data processing technology, and through at least one of the following technical means: multi-source monitoring data extraction, unified description, feature analysis and modeling, application information feature extraction, data mining, pattern recognition, network technology and computer programming, a remote monitoring and early warning platform for rockbursts is formed, which includes data acquisition and transmission, analysis and calculation, data visualization and decision support.

2. The method for solving coal mine rockburst disasters using structural control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acquisition of identification data of the pre-mined coal and rock mass structure includes: acquiring identification data of the coal and rock mass structure through at least one of ground stress monitoring, microseismic monitoring, electromagnetic radiation monitoring, acoustic emission monitoring, and seismic wave monitoring.

3. The method for solving coal mine rockburst disasters using structural control according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the method for determining the local subsystem structure control based on the monitoring data of the monitoring system, the local subsystem structure control method includes at least one of surrounding rock control and pressure relief control, wherein surrounding rock control includes energy release modification and grouting reinforcement; Pressure relief control includes at least one of the following methods: pressure relief drilling, pressure relief blasting, hydraulic fracturing, and ultra-long directional drilling.

4. A monitoring system for implementing the method of solving coal mine rockburst disaster by utilizing structural control as described in any one of claims 1-3, used for monitoring multi-dimensional precursor information in underground mine roadway excavation and working faces, characterized in that, include: The multi-source precursor information monitoring substation collects data on micro-seismic activity, stress monitoring, electromagnetic radiation, and ground sound monitoring at the engineering site. The transmission module is connected to the multi-source precursor information monitoring substation; A comprehensive monitoring platform is connected to the transmission module. Data collected by the multi-source precursor information monitoring substations is transmitted to the comprehensive monitoring platform through the transmission module. The comprehensive monitoring platform utilizes multi-source heterogeneous data processing technology and constructs at least one of the following technical means: multi-source monitoring data extraction, unified description, feature analysis and modeling, application information feature extraction, data mining, pattern recognition, network technology, and computer programming, to form a remote monitoring and early warning platform for rockburst that includes data acquisition and transmission, analysis and calculation, data visualization, and decision support. The multi-source precursor information monitoring substations include stress monitoring substations, CT monitoring substations, and microseismic monitoring substations. The stress monitoring substation collects stress distribution information inside the coal and rock mass through borehole stress sensors, which are embedded into the coal and rock mass on opposite sides of the working face. The CT monitoring substation identifies internal crack information and hardness information of the coal and rock mass through a transmitting terminal and a receiving terminal. The transmitting terminal and the receiving terminal are arranged on opposite sides of the working face. The microseismic monitoring substation collects vibration information inside the coal and rock mass through microseismic sensors, which are embedded into the coal and rock mass on opposite sides of the working face. The multi-factor precursor information includes the stress distribution information, the internal crack information of the coal and rock mass, the hardness information of the coal and rock mass, and the vibration information inside the coal and rock mass. The multi-factor precursor information is transmitted to the integrated monitoring platform through the transmission module. The transmission module includes a ring network switch and an underground ring network switch, which are interconnected. The underground ring network switch transmits the multi-factor precursor information to the ring network switch, and the ring network switch transmits the multi-factor precursor information to the integrated monitoring platform to realize the remote monitoring and early warning of underground rockbursts by the integrated monitoring platform.

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