A modular, incident-based fast mueller matrix measurement device and method

Abstract

The application provides a modular incident fast Mueller matrix measuring device and method, which comprises a light source, a self-defined incident polarizing module, a superlens polarization array, an imaging sensor, a lead screw linear motor and a processing unit. The light emitted by the light source passes through the self-defined incident polarizing module, a sample to be measured and the superlens polarization array in sequence, and the lead screw linear motor drives the self-defined incident polarizing module to move linearly and pass through each polarization unit in the switching module to enter the light path. After the incident light passes through the polarization unit, the light is analyzed by the superlens polarization array and collected by the imaging sensor. According to the image collected by the imaging sensor, the processing unit reconstructs the Mueller matrix of the sample by using the Stokes tensor of the incident light after the self-defined incident polarizing module, the corresponding exit light Stokes tensor of each super-pixel point in the image and the instrument matrix of the superlens polarization array. Therefore, the Mueller matrix polarization imaging is faster and more accurate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of optical imaging technology, and in particular to a fast selective Müller matrix measurement device based on modular incidence. Background Technology

[0002] The polarization properties of light can be well correlated with the microstructure of tissue samples, and polarized light-based biomedical imaging technology is attracting increasing attention due to its label-free, non-destructive, and high-contrast characteristics. Among existing polarization measurement and description methods, the Müller matrix is ​​the most widely used in biomedical research and clinical diagnosis because the Stokes-Müller system is easier to measure and calculate than the Jones matrix system, and can describe more comprehensive polarization information. Each individual element in the Müller matrix contains complex polarization information. Generally, researchers focus on a specific physical property of the sample under test. Therefore, specific polarization parameters based on various Müller matrix decompositions have been proposed, such as Müller matrix polarization decomposition parameters, Müller matrix differential decomposition parameters, and Müller matrix transformation parameters. These parameters can extract single-dimensional vector light properties such as depolarization, dichroism, and phase delay from specific Müller matrix elements, becoming powerful auxiliary tools for Müller imaging.

[0003] Typically, dual-waveplate polarization measurement systems based on ordinary cameras rotate a quarter-waveplate time-division multiple times at the polarization state generator (PSG) and polarization state analyzer (PSA) ends to generate multiple polarization states for the incident and outgoing light. While this method can acquire the most original and complete Müller matrix information, it consumes a significant amount of measurement time (approximately 192 seconds), making it unsuitable for Müller matrix polarization measurements during dynamic processes. Currently, linear polarization cameras based on the division of focal plane (DoFP) technique allow measurement systems to instantly acquire multiple Stokes tensor images in a single image acquisition at the PSA end. Related polarization measurement schemes are also continuously being proposed and optimized, such as 3×3 purely linear Müller matrix measurement based on a single DoFP, 3×4 partial Müller matrix measurement, and 4×4 full Müller matrix measurement based on dual DoFPs. These methods significantly reduce polarization measurement time (approximately 9-14 seconds), enabling active Müller matrix measurements to be applied to dynamic process imaging with higher temporal resolution requirements. However, image registration issues exist, and the use of polarization-independent beam splitters and other components reduces the robustness of the imaging system. Furthermore, the improvement in temporal resolution achieved by DoFP is only for PSA; that is, the measurement time of a DoFP system is ultimately determined by the polarization state modulation time of the PSG. In most current works, the PSG still uses rotating quarter-wave plates and polarizers to generate multiple incident polarization states. The rotation of optical components leads to random and cumulative errors, and high-precision rotary motors struggle to achieve large angular accelerations, making acceleration, rotation, and deceleration processes more time-consuming than linear motors. While using liquid crystal phase-variable retarders to generate polarization states is fast, it is highly susceptible to environmental temperature variations, making widespread application in complex biomedical scenarios difficult. Therefore, designing a polarization measurement system that is faster and acquires as much vector optical information as possible is of significant practical value.

[0004] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the background section above is only for understanding the background of this application, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a modular incident rapid Müller matrix measurement device and method that can perform polarization imaging more accurately and quickly.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A modular incident rapid Müller matrix measurement device is provided, comprising a light source, a custom incident polarization module, a superlens polarization array, an imaging sensor, a lead screw linear motor, and a processing unit. Light emitted from the light source sequentially passes through the custom incident polarization module, the sample to be measured, and the superlens polarization array before entering the imaging sensor. The processing unit connects the imaging sensor and the lead screw linear motor. The custom incident polarization module includes three linearly polarized units arranged in parallel at different angles. The lead screw linear motor drives the custom incident polarization module to move linearly to traverse and switch between each polarization unit entering the optical path. After the incident light passes through the polarization units, it is polarized by the superlens polarization array and then acquired by the imaging sensor. The processing unit, based on the image acquired by the imaging sensor, uses the Stokes tensor S' of the incident light after passing through the custom incident polarization module. in The outgoing light Stokes tensor S corresponding to each superpixel in the image out The Müller matrix of the sample was reconstructed using the instrument matrix DoFP of the superlens polarization array.

[0008] In some embodiments of the present invention, a circular polarization unit is also included, which is combined in parallel with the three linear polarization units at different angles.

[0009] In some embodiments of the present invention, the circular polarization unit is a right-handed circularly polarized polarization unit, comprising a polarizer and a quarter-wave plate.

[0010] In some embodiments of the present invention, the three linear polarization units at different angles are linear polarizers at 0 degrees, 45 degrees, and 90 degrees, respectively.

[0011] In some embodiments of the present invention, the custom incident polarizing module includes a cage optical system, wherein each polarizer unit is arranged from top to bottom and is driven by the lead screw linear motor to move in the up-down direction, traversing and switching to the cage optical system.

[0012] In some embodiments of the present invention, the custom incident polarization module is assembled with each polarization unit using a detachable structure.

[0013] In some embodiments of the present invention, a 3×3 Müller matrix is ​​reconstructed from the acquired image by traversing the three linearly polarized units at different angles; a 3×4 Müller matrix is ​​reconstructed from the acquired image by traversing the three linearly polarized units at different angles and the circularly polarized unit.

[0014] The present invention also provides a method for measuring the Müller matrix using the aforementioned modular incident fast Müller matrix measurement device, comprising the following steps:

[0015] S1. Assemble the polarization unit of the custom incident polarization module according to the physical properties of the sample that need to be observed.

[0016] S2. Use a polarization meter to measure the Stokes tensor S' of the incident light after it passes through each polarization unit in sequence. in The instrument matrix DoFP is used to measure the Müller matrix of air to calibrate the superlens polarization array.

[0017] S3. Control the linear motor of the lead screw to drive the custom incident polarization module to traverse each polarization unit and acquire an image once in each polarization unit. During each acquisition, the incident light passes through the corresponding polarization unit, sample, and superlens polarization array before reaching the imaging sensor.

[0018] S4. Read the outgoing light Stokes tensor S corresponding to each superpixel in each acquired image. out ;

[0019] S5. Utilizing the Stokes tensor S' after the incident light passes through each polarization unit. in The outgoing light Stokes tensor Sout and the instrument matrix DoFP of the superlens polarization array corresponding to each superpixel in the image are calculated according to the optical path transmission model to reconstruct the Müller matrix of the sample.

[0020] In some embodiments of the present invention, the optical path transmission model can be described as follows:

[0021] S out =DoFP×MM s ×P i ×S in

[0022] Among them, MM s P represents the Müller matrix of the sample. i The parameters of each polarization unit; the Müller matrix MM of the sample. s Matrix operations result in:

[0023]

[0024] In some embodiments of the present invention, in step S3, each polarization unit is a linear polarization unit of 0 degrees, 45 degrees and 90 degrees, and in step S4, a 3×3 Müller matrix is ​​reconstructed using the acquired image; or, in step S3, each polarization unit is a linear polarization unit of 0 degrees, 45 degrees and 90 degrees and a circular polarization element, and in step S4, a 3×4 Müller matrix is ​​reconstructed using the acquired image.

[0025] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] This invention provides a modular incident rapid Müller matrix measurement device. Its PSG drive mode using a linear motor allows for a shorter measurement time (up to 6 seconds) compared to traditional polarization imaging. Secondly, the 1 / 4-wave plate driven by a rotating motor in traditional schemes introduces instantaneous and cumulative errors in incident polarization state modulation, which can be effectively avoided in the polarization-stable modular incident system proposed in this invention. Furthermore, the modular incident scheme allows for simple manual mechanical measurements even without precise electronic control. Finally, the linearly moving incident module is easy to use selectively, enabling researchers to easily obtain the Müller matrix elements of interest. This more targeted measurement method can further reduce measurement time in specific polarization measurement tasks. Moreover, the assembleable and detachable incident module allows operators to obtain the Müller matrix elements of interest more easily and specifically. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the method flow in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a custom incident polarization module device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the lens polarization array DoFP analyzer in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the device structure in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] The attached figures are labeled as follows:

[0032] 1. Parallel light source; 2. Custom incident polarization module; 3. Superlens polarization array; 4. Imaging sensor; 5. Lead screw linear motor; 6. Host computer; 7. Sample S. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. It should be emphasized that the following description is merely exemplary and not intended to limit the scope and application of the present invention.

[0034] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on or indirectly on that other component. When a component is referred to as "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to or indirectly connected to that other component. Furthermore, a connection can be used for fixing, coupling, or communication.

[0035] It should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention.

[0036] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of embodiments of the present invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0037] The main objective of this embodiment is to design and build an active polarization measurement device that is faster, more accurate, and easier to selectively measure a portion of the Müller matrix than traditional polarization measurement schemes, providing a novel imaging method with higher temporal resolution for clinical diagnosis of dynamic processes such as endoscopic screening.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] This embodiment provides a modular incident rapid Müller matrix measurement device, including a light source, a custom incident polarization module 2, a superlens polarization array 3, an imaging sensor 4, a lead screw linear motor 5, and a processing unit. The light source is a parallel light source 1, and the processing unit is a host computer 6. The light emitted from the parallel light source 1 passes sequentially through the custom incident polarization module 2, the sample S to be measured, and the superlens polarization array 3 before entering the imaging sensor 4. The host computer 6 connects the imaging sensor 4 and the lead screw linear motor 5. The custom incident polarization module 2 includes three parallel linear polarization units at different angles. The lead screw linear motor 5 drives the custom incident polarization module 2 to move linearly to traverse and switch between each polarization unit entering the optical path. After the incident light passes through the polarization units, it is polarized by the superlens polarization array 3 and then acquired by the imaging sensor 4. The host computer 6, based on the image acquired by the imaging sensor 4, uses the Stokes tensor S' of the incident light after passing through the custom incident polarization module 2. in The outgoing light Stokes tensor S corresponding to each superpixel in the image out The Müller matrix of sample S was reconstructed using the instrument matrix DoFP of the superlens polarization array 3.

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, the modular incident fast Müller matrix measurement method of this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0041] S1. Select the Müller matrix elements to be measured based on the physical properties of the sample S to be observed, and assemble the polarization unit P of the custom incident polarization module 2 accordingly. i .

[0042] Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the custom incident polarization module 2 is shown. The custom incident polarization module 2 includes a cage-type optical system, parallel linear polarization units P1, P2, and P3, a circular polarization unit P4, and a detachable structure. The detachable structure is a detachable slot, through which the polarization units P4 can be assembled. i , where i is the module unit number, i≤4 and i∈N + ).

[0043] Linear polarization units P1, P2, and P3 are linear polarizers with different angles, namely 0 degrees, 45 degrees, and 90 degrees. Circular polarization unit P4 is a right-handed circular polarization unit, which includes a polarizer and a quarter-wave plate, and is arranged in parallel with linear polarization units P1, P2, and P3.

[0044] Each polarization unit P1, P2, P3, and P4 is arranged from top to bottom and is driven by a lead screw linear motor 5 to move at high speed in the vertical direction, traversing and switching to the cage optical system. The cage optical system can emit parallel light with a specific polarization state.

[0045] In this embodiment, if only the linear polarization properties of sample S are observed, it is only necessary to assemble linear polarization units P1, P2, and P3 sequentially. By traversing the P1, P2, and P3 linear polarization units at three different angles, a linear 3×3 Müller matrix measurement is achieved. If only the circular polarization properties of sample S are observed, it is only necessary to assemble the P4 circular polarization unit, converting it into Stokes imaging. If both linear and circular polarization properties of sample S are observed, it is necessary to assemble the P1, P2, and P3 linear polarization units and the circular polarization unit P4 to achieve a linear 3×4 Müller matrix measurement.

[0046] S2. Directly measure the Stokes tensor S' of the beam after it passes through each polarization unit in sequence using a polarization measuring instrument. in The constant is input into the program interface for calculating the Müller matrix, and the Müller matrix of air is measured to calibrate the instrument matrix DoFP of the superlens polarization array 3 (DoFP here is a matrix, not a noun).

[0047] S3, the control screw linear motor 5 drives the custom incident polarization module 2 (also known as the time-division polarization module PSG) to traverse each polarization unit, so that the incident light S in After passing through polarization unit P iThe sample S, the superlens polarization array 3, and then the image sensor 4 are used to achieve multiple image acquisitions (linear 3×3 Müller matrix traversing three polarization units, 3×4 Müller matrix traversing four polarization units), with one image acquired under each polarization unit.

[0048] S4. Based on the superpixel diagram of the polarization camera (e.g.) Figure 3 As shown), the outgoing light Stokes tensor S corresponding to each superpixel in each acquired image is read and separated. out ;

[0049] S5. Obtain the Stokes tensor S' of the incident light after passing through each polarization unit in the above steps. in The outgoing light Stokes tensor S corresponding to each superpixel in the image out The instrument matrix DoFP input program of the superlens polarization array 3 is used to perform matrix calculations based on the optical path transmission model to reconstruct the sample Müller matrix image MM. s .

[0050] This embodiment uses a lead screw linear motor 5 to drive a custom incident polarization module 2 to achieve Müller matrix polarization measurement. As will be seen from the following description, this device scheme has the following advantages:

[0051] (1) More targeted partial Müller matrix polarization measurement;

[0052] (2) Faster Müller matrix measurement speed;

[0053] (3) It more effectively avoids the random and cumulative errors of polarization state modulation caused by the jitter of the 1 / 4 wave plate in the traditional measurement scheme.

[0054] Taking the measurement of the 3×4 Müller matrix as an example, the feasibility of the algorithm in the embodiment is described in detail below.

[0055] like Figure 4 As shown, the optical path transmission model used in this embodiment can be described as follows:

[0056] S out =DoFP×MM s ×P i ×S in ,

[0057] Among them, S in and S out These are the input and output Stokes tensors of the incident and emitted light, respectively, MM. sLet Müller's matrix be the sample's matrix, and DoFP be the instrument matrix of the superlens polarization array 3. A polarizer capable of generating right-handed circular polarization and a quarter-wave plate are used as a separate circular polarization unit, combined with three other fixed linear polarizers (0°, 45°, 90°) to form a custom four-polarization unit incident polarization module 2 (where i is the polarization unit number, i≤4 and i∈N+, P...). i The parameters of each polarization unit are represented (where P1, P2, and P3 are linear polarization units, and P4 is a circular polarization unit), which provides different incident polarized light intensities I(i) in a time-division manner. A detailed schematic diagram of the device is shown below. Figure 2 As shown. Then, the Stokes tensor S incident under ideal conditions in It can be calculated using the following two formulas. Where, S in (i) is P i Stokes tensor of a single image acquisition under polarization unit incidence, S in Stokes tensors are acquired for four images after the four polarization units are incident sequentially.

[0058]

[0059]

[0060] On the other hand, a single DoFP linearly polarized camera is used as the PSA. For example... Figure 3 As shown, in the camera, four specific superlens array polarization pixels (0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees, and 135 degrees, respectively) together constitute a "superpixel," which can simultaneously obtain the four outgoing polarized light intensities I'(i) in a single measurement. Similarly, the outgoing Stokes tensor S can be obtained according to the following two formulas. out S out (i) and S out The relationship with S in (i) and S in The relationship between them.

[0061]

[0062] As can be seen, in this embodiment, a low-precision but faster linear screw motor 5 is used to connect to the custom incident polarization module 2. The four polarization units of the custom incident polarization module 2 are stepped into the optical path of the cage system in a time-division manner, thereby quickly generating four incident polarization states. The entire process requires a maximum measurement time of only 6 seconds, which is much faster than the measurement speed of traditional precision rotary motors (see background technology). It is worth noting that the incident Stokes tensor listed in the above formula is an ideal value. The actual incident polarized light will have a certain systematic error, which is different from the random error introduced during the rotation of the 1 / 4 waveplate in the traditional device. Therefore, due to the stability of the modular incident polarization state in the time domain, this systematic error of the custom incident polarization module 2 can be calibrated by step-by-step calibration. According to step S5, the Stokes tensor after the beam passes through the polarization units of the custom incident polarization module 2 in sequence is redefined as S'in, that is...

[0063] S' in =P i ×S in

[0064] For PSA error calibration, the air Müller matrix is ​​measured and used as the calibration basis for the polarization camera instrument matrix (DoFP). It's important to note that the air matrix measurement process contains PSA instrument matrix information; therefore, DoFP calibration must follow S'in calibration, otherwise, it will overcalibrate the PSA error. S'in can be directly detected using a polarization meter and fed back to the calculation program as a calibration value. Finally, the sample's Müller matrix (MMs) can be obtained through matrix operations.

[0065]

[0066] It is worth noting that the custom assembly of the incident module polarization units in step S1 depends on the experimenter's measurement intention, thus making it more targeted. Specifically, in step S3, each polarization unit is a 0°, 45°, and 90° linear polarization unit, and in step S4, a 3×3 Müller matrix is ​​reconstructed using the acquired image; or, in step S3, each polarization unit is a 0°, 45°, and 90° linear polarization unit and a circular polarization element, and in step S4, a 3×4 Müller matrix is ​​reconstructed using the acquired image. Specifically, for a single DoFP polarization camera measurement system, to obtain the linear 3×3 Müller matrix Mx1, Mx2, and Mx3 (M11, M12, M13, M21, M22, M23, M31, M32, and M33 elements), the 0°, 45°, and 90° polarization units are traversed sequentially according to the definition of the Stokes tensor. Similarly, if only the circular polarization elements Mx4 (M14, M24, and M34) of the Müller matrix are needed, it is sufficient to traverse only the right-handed polarization state polarization units. This more targeted measurement method can reduce acquisition time in specific polarization measurement tasks, and can even achieve real-time imaging when computing power allows (the specific frame rate is determined by the exposure time of the polarization camera).

[0067] Finally, the assembly and configuration of the custom incident polarization module 2 in this embodiment are as follows: Figure 2 The document specifically indicates that the software and hardware system implementation is also... Figure 4 It is specifically indicated in the text.

[0068] In summary, this embodiment constructs a special-function PSG, which combines multiple polarizer units with fixed polarization states from top to bottom into a custom incident polarization module 2 and assembles it into a cage system. Driven by a linear screw motor 5, the polarization units are sequentially traversed, thereby quickly generating a precise incident polarization state. The PSG drive mode of the linear screw motor 5 allows for a shorter measurement time than traditional polarization imaging (maximum only 6 seconds). Finally, it works in conjunction with a DoFP polarization camera to reconstruct the sample's Müller matrix (MM). s This embodiment is faster than the traditional rotating waveplate measurement scheme and effectively avoids the polarization state randomness and cumulative measurement errors caused by the jitter of rotating a quarter waveplate in the traditional measurement scheme. At the same time, it can perform Müller matrix polarization measurement more specifically for observing different physical properties, providing a non-invasive, quantitative, and high temporal resolution new imaging method for the clinical diagnosis of dynamic processes such as endoscopic screening.

[0069] The advantages of this invention compared to traditional technologies are:

[0070] The linear motor with a lead screw modulates the incident polarization state, resulting in faster Müller matrix measurement speed; it facilitates more targeted partial Müller matrix polarization measurements, reducing measurement time; it effectively avoids the random and cumulative errors caused by the jitter of the quarter-wave plate during polarization modulation in traditional measurement schemes; the optical path device has fewer and simpler components, making it easier to port, lightweight, and mass-produce. This invention enables high-temporal-resolution active Müller matrix polarization imaging and measurement; it is suitable for portable, miniaturized, and even micronized medical polarization imaging equipment; in polarization measurement applications without precise electronic control assistance, the device of this invention can achieve the complete measurement process manually.

[0071] In terms of applications, this invention can be combined with all-Stokes polarization camera technology to achieve more comprehensive Müller matrix polarization measurements while ensuring speed, making it widely applicable in biomedical clinical settings. Combined with metasurface technology, this invention can be miniaturized, enabling its application in numerous scenarios such as medical endoscopy, national defense, and underwater exploration.

[0072] The background section of this invention may include background information about the problems or environment in which the invention is being developed, and is not necessarily a description of prior art. Therefore, the content included in the background section does not constitute an admission of prior art by the applicant.

[0073] The above description provides a further detailed explanation of the present invention in conjunction with specific / preferred embodiments, and it should not be construed that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art, various substitutions or modifications can be made to these described embodiments without departing from the concept of the present invention, and all such substitutions or modifications should be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. In the description of this specification, the reference to terms such as "an embodiment," "some embodiments," "preferred embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicates that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples. Although the embodiments of the present invention and their advantages have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions, and modifications can be made herein without departing from the scope of protection of the patent application.

Claims

1. A modular incident rapid Müller matrix measurement device, characterized in that, The system includes a light source, a custom incident polarization module, a superlens polarization array, an imaging sensor, a linear motor, and a processing unit. Light emitted from the light source sequentially passes through the custom incident polarization module, the sample under test, and the superlens polarization array before entering the imaging sensor. The processing unit connects the imaging sensor and the linear motor. The custom incident polarization module comprises three linearly polarized units arranged in parallel at different angles. The linear motor drives the custom incident polarization module to move linearly, traversing and switching between each polarization unit as it enters the optical path. After passing through the polarization units, the incident light is polarized by the superlens polarization array and then acquired by the imaging sensor. The processing unit, based on the image acquired by the imaging sensor, uses the Stokes tensor S' of the incident light after passing through the custom incident polarization module. in The outgoing light Stokes tensor S corresponding to each superpixel in the image out The Müller matrix of the sample was reconstructed using the instrument matrix DoFP of the superlens polarization array.

2. The modular incident fast Müller matrix measurement device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a circular polarization unit that is combined in parallel with the three linear polarization units at different angles.

3. The modular incident fast Müller matrix measurement device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The circular polarization unit is a right-handed circularly polarized unit, comprising a polarizer and a quarter-wave plate.

4. The modular incident fast Müller matrix measurement device as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The three linear polarization units at different angles are linear polarizers at 0 degrees, 45 degrees, and 90 degrees, respectively.

5. The modular incident fast Müller matrix measurement device as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The custom incident polarization module includes a cage-type optical system, with each polarizer unit arranged from top to bottom and driven by the lead screw linear motor to move in the up-down direction, traversing and switching to the cage-type optical system.

6. The modular incident fast Müller matrix measurement device as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The custom incident polarization module uses a detachable structure to assemble each polarization unit.

7. The modular incident rapid Müller matrix measurement device as described in any one of claims 2 to 3, characterized in that, By traversing the three linearly polarized units at different angles, a 3×3 Müller matrix is ​​reconstructed using the acquired images; by traversing the three linearly polarized units at different angles and the circularly polarized unit, a 3×4 Müller matrix is ​​reconstructed using the acquired images.

8. A method for measuring a Müller matrix using a modular incident rapid Müller matrix measurement device as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Assemble the polarization unit of the custom incident polarization module according to the physical properties of the sample that need to be observed. S2. Use a polarization meter to measure the Stokes tensor S' of the incident light after it passes through each polarization unit in sequence. in The instrument matrix DoFP is used to measure the Müller matrix of air to calibrate the superlens polarization array. S3. Control the linear motor of the lead screw to drive the custom incident polarization module to traverse each polarization unit and acquire an image once in each polarization unit. During each acquisition, the incident light passes through the corresponding polarization unit, sample, and superlens polarization array before reaching the imaging sensor. S4. Read the outgoing light Stokes tensor S corresponding to each superpixel in each acquired image. out ; S5. Utilizing the Stokes tensor S' after the incident light passes through each polarization unit. in The outgoing light Stokes tensor S corresponding to each superpixel in the image out The instrument matrix DoFP of the superlens polarization array is used to perform matrix calculations based on the optical path transmission model to reconstruct the Müller matrix of the sample.

9. The Müller matrix measurement method as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The optical path transmission model is described as follows: in, MM s The Müller matrix represents the sample. P i Indicates the parameters of each polarization unit; Müller matrix of the sample (MM) s Matrix operations result in: 。 10. The Müller matrix measurement method as described in claim 8 or 9, characterized in that, In step S3, each polarization unit is a linear polarization unit of 0 degrees, 45 degrees, and 90 degrees. In step S4, a 3×3 Müller matrix is ​​reconstructed using the acquired image. Alternatively, in step S3, each polarization unit is a linear polarization unit of 0 degrees, 45 degrees, and 90 degrees, as well as a circular polarization element. In step S4, a 3×4 Müller matrix is ​​reconstructed using the acquired image.

Images