Optically variable security devices and value documents having optically variable security devices

Abstract

The invention relates to an optically variable security element having a pattern area. In the pattern area a plurality of first facets having a different direction and a plurality of second facets having a different direction are arranged. Each of the first facets and the second facets defines a normal vector having a first orientation component and a second orientation component. The optically variable security element defines an x-y plane. The first facets comprise first sub-wavelength structures. The second facets comprise second sub-wavelength structures. The first sub-wavelength structures are different from the first sub-wavelength structures. In the pattern area at least one pattern is visible to an observer in one appearance and in one color impression. Upon tilting the optically variable security element around a first axis, the appearance of the at least one pattern changes for the observer. Upon tilting the optically variable security element around a second axis, the color impression of the at least one pattern changes for the observer. The second axis is not parallel to the first axis. The color impression of the at least one pattern is determined by the first orientation component. The appearance of the at least one pattern is determined by the second orientation component. The first orientation components of the first facets and the second facets are different from each other.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an optically variable anti-counterfeiting element. This invention also relates to a negotiable instrument having an optically variable anti-counterfeiting element. Technical Background

[0002] Optical variable security features, such as those on banknotes, are known in the prior art. These features present different optical impressions to the observer depending on the viewing angle. Different viewing angles can be achieved by tilting the optical variable feature or the banknote with the optical variable feature around an axis, while the observer's viewing direction and the illumination direction of the optical variable feature remain constant.

[0003] DE 10 2014 014 079 A1 relates to an optically variable anti-counterfeiting element. The anti-counterfeiting element includes a reflective surface region having a plurality of reflective pixels, each of which has facets with the same orientation. The reflective surface region defines an xy-plane. At least 80% of the facets have a normal vector located in the yz-plane. A portion of the facets is provided with a diffraction grating pattern, wherein the grating vector of the grating pattern is parallel to the x-axis. A motion effect is generated when the anti-counterfeiting element is tilted about the x-axis, and a chromaticity effect is generated when the anti-counterfeiting element is tilted about the y-axis. The chromaticity effect includes a continuous change in color. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The object of this invention is to provide an optically variable anti-counterfeiting element that enables better anti-counterfeiting security and allows for easy verification of authenticity by an observer. Another object of this invention is to provide an optically variable anti-counterfeiting element that can be manufactured in a relatively simple and cost-effective manner.

[0005] This objective is achieved by the features described in the independent claim. Advantageous design options are indicated in the dependent claims.

[0006] The optically variable anti-counterfeiting element includes a patterned region. A plurality of first facets and a plurality of second facets with different orientations are arranged in this patterned region. Each of the first and second facets defines a normal vector having a first orientation component and a second orientation component. The optically variable anti-counterfeiting element defines an xy-plane. The first facets include a first subwavelength structure. The second facets include a second subwavelength structure. The first subwavelength structures are different from the first subwavelength structures. In the patterned region, at least one pattern is visible to an observer in a certain form and with a certain color impression. When the optically variable anti-counterfeiting element is tilted about a first axis, the form of the at least one pattern changes for the observer. When the optically variable anti-counterfeiting element is tilted about a second axis, the color impression of the at least one pattern changes for the observer. The second axis is not parallel to the first axis. The color impression of the at least one pattern is determined by the first orientation components. The form of the at least one pattern is determined by the second orientation components. The first orientation components of the first and second facets are different from each other.

[0007] Preferably, the angle between the first axis and the second axis is at least 45°, more preferably at least 80°, and even more preferably between 80° and 90°. Particularly preferably, the first axis and the second axis are perpendicular to each other.

[0008] These first subwavelength structures can each produce a first color, and these second subwavelength structures can each produce a second color. The first subwavelength structures are arranged on these first facets, and the second subwavelength structures are arranged on these second facets. These first and second facets are tilted at different degrees relative to the xy-plane along the x-axis. Thus, the first facet with the first subwavelength structure can be oriented to be visible to the observer at a first viewing angle, and the second facet with the second subwavelength structure can be oriented to be visible to the observer at a second viewing angle. This allows for the generation of different color impressions for the observer depending on the viewing angle.

[0009] The change in the color impression of the pattern can be discontinuous or non-analog. The change in the color impression of the pattern can be gradual or digital.

[0010] The pattern in the patterned area can be a continuous or discontinuous region that is brightly visible to the observer. The bright region may be visible to the observer as a single color (e.g., red, green, or yellow), a color gradient, or a color pattern.

[0011] In non-diffuse illumination (such as sunlight or point light sources), at a given viewing angle, the bright visible area displays a higher relative intensity of reflected light than the dark visible area, i.e., the non-bright visible area.

[0012] The relative reflected light intensity is the ratio of the reflected light intensity to the incident light intensity. If the light from the light source is completely reflected, the relative reflected light intensity is 100%.

[0013] The relative reflected light intensity in the bright visible area may be at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, more preferably at least 20%, more preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 40%, and more preferably at least 50% greater than that in the dark visible area. These percentage values ​​may be percentage points.

[0014] Preferably, the reflectivity of the facets in the bright visible area is substantially equal to the reflectivity of the facets in the dark visible area.

[0015] The representation of the pattern can be determined at least in part by the shape, size, and / or position of the pattern. The representation of the pattern can be independent of its color. For example, a red square visible to an observer and a green square (of the same geometric shape) visible to an observer can have the same representation of the pattern, since color preferably has no effect on the representation of the pattern.

[0016] The representation of the pattern can be determined at least in part by its sub-patterns. For example, a circle as a sub-pattern can be seen in a rectangular pattern. For example, if the diameter of the circle changes while the rectangular pattern remains unchanged, then the representation of the pattern changes.

[0017] The color impression of the pattern can be the impression that the pattern's color or color design conveys to the observer. The color design can be presented through several areas of different colors. The impression of the pattern's color or color design can be perceived by the average person (observer). The color impression depends on the observer's viewing angle.

[0018] The color impression of the pattern (depending on the viewing angle) can be determined by these subwavelength structures and the arrangement of facets with these subwavelength structures.

[0019] Generally, the impression of color is conveyed through electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between 380 nm and 780 nm. This range of electromagnetic radiation is perceptible to the human eye and is referred to as (visible) light.

[0020] By tilting the anti-counterfeiting element around a first axis, the presentation of the pattern changes. For example, by tilting the anti-counterfeiting element around the first axis, a motion effect is visible to the observer. In this motion effect, a continuous motion is visible to the observer in at least a portion of the pattern area. In this motion effect, changes in the position, size, and / or shape of the pattern are visible to the observer depending on the viewing angle.

[0021] This variation in the form of expression is visible to the observer over at least 50% of the area of ​​the pattern region, preferably over at least 70% of the area of ​​the pattern region, more preferably over at least 90% of the area of ​​the pattern region, and even more preferably over the entire area of ​​the pattern region.

[0022] Therefore, an observer can identify the change in the appearance of the pattern or the change in the color impression of the pattern depending on the axis of the tilted anti-counterfeiting element. In a preferred embodiment, the observer can identify the change in the appearance of the pattern and the change in the color impression of the pattern when the anti-counterfeiting element is tilted around the axis. This is particularly easy for the observer to remember, thus allowing the observer to easily verify the authenticity of the anti-counterfeiting element.

[0023] The representation of the at least one pattern may include, or be determined by, the size, position, and / or shape of the at least one pattern. Changes in the representation of the at least one pattern may be visible to the observer through changes in the size, position, and / or shape of the at least one pattern.

[0024] Generally, anti-counterfeiting elements can be applied to items to make it possible to verify their authenticity. Such items can include, for example, checks, bank cards, documents, certificates, ID cards, clothing (clothing labels), negotiable instruments, or banknotes.

[0025] This anti-counterfeiting element conveys an optical impression to an observer (human) without the need for auxiliary tools, allowing the observer to optically perceive the authenticity of an item equipped with the anti-counterfeiting element. Optical anti-counterfeiting elements are particularly suitable for simple or everyday authenticity verification by humans. This optical impression can be perceived in the wavelength range of 400nm to 780nm.

[0026] In optically variable anti-counterfeiting elements, depending on the viewing angle, viewing direction, side of the anti-counterfeiting element, or type of viewing (top view or perspective), different optical impressions are presented to the observer who wishes to verify authenticity. Therefore, the anti-counterfeiting element can convey a first optical impression at a first viewing angle and a second optical impression at a second viewing angle, wherein the first optical impression and the second optical impression are different.

[0027] This anti-counterfeiting element can be applied, for example, as a patch or strip, to items requiring anti-counterfeiting features, such as banknotes or banknote precursors. The anti-counterfeiting element can be flat. The area of ​​the anti-counterfeiting element can be 5000 mm². 2 Preferably 2500mm 2 More preferably 1500mm 2 More preferably 1000mm 2 .

[0028] The anti-counterfeiting element may have a length at least five times, preferably at least ten times, the width. The anti-counterfeiting element may have a width of at least 1 mm.

[0029] The anti-counterfeiting element can be provided as a thread, strip, or patch.

[0030] Security paper can be a precursor to negotiable instruments. Security paper can be paper that has not yet been fully printed. Security paper may include at least one security element, at least one window, and / or at least one security feature.

[0031] This security feature can be applied to negotiable instruments or security paper. The security feature can extend from one side of the negotiable instrument or security paper to the other side. These sides can be opposite sides. The security feature can have a length equal to the width or height of the negotiable instrument or security paper.

[0032] The anti-counterfeiting element may be at least partially inserted into the negotiable instrument or security paper. The anti-counterfeiting element may be inserted such that a portion of the anti-counterfeiting element is visible to an observer, while another portion is not. Alternatively, the anti-counterfeiting element may be inserted such that a portion is covered by the negotiable instrument or security paper, while yet another portion is not covered.

[0033] Subwavelength structures are generally structures whose size or period is smaller than the wavelength of light, particularly less than or equal to about 400 nm. Additionally or alternatively, the size or period is at least 50 nm, more preferably at least 100 nm. These subwavelength structures have a color effect, i.e., light incident on the subwavelength structure is altered by the subwavelength structure. For example, the subwavelength structure exhibits color-filtering properties. The subwavelength structure can be a reflective or transmissive structure. When the anti-counterfeiting element is tilted around a second axis, the anti-counterfeiting element can provide this change in color impression through reflection and / or transmission.

[0034] These first subwavelength structures can be designed to produce a first color. These second subwavelength structures can be designed to produce a second color. The first color and the second color can be different.

[0035] Within this patterned area, two or more different subwavelength structures can be arranged on different facets. Each of these subwavelength structures can be designed to produce a different color.

[0036] The color effect of these subwavelength structures is substantially independent of the tilt of the optically variable anti-counterfeiting element around the first and / or second axis. When the anti-counterfeiting element is tilted around the first or second axis, the color effect of these subwavelength structures can remain substantially unchanged or substantially the same. The color effect of these subwavelength structures can be substantially tilt-invariant. This substantially tilt-invariant tilt can allow for deviations of ±10% or ±5%. In particular, the subwavelength structure with tilt-invariant color effect can be used on facets with arbitrary tilt angles / first (or second) orientation components, because the subwavelength structure always produces the same color effect.

[0037] Furthermore, the subwavelength structure can preferably be designed such that its color effect is rotationally invariant. The color effect remains unchanged when theoretically rotated around the plane of the subwavelength structure, for example, around the plane of the facet with the subwavelength structure, or when the subwavelength structure is arranged parallel to the plane of the anti-counterfeiting element and theoretically rotated around the plane of the anti-counterfeiting element. Therefore, this rotationally invariant color effect subwavelength structure can be used on facets with arbitrary azimuth angles / second (or first) orientation components, because the subwavelength structure always produces the same color effect. Particularly preferably, the subwavelength structure is tilt-invariant and rotation-invariant, and thus can be used on facets with arbitrary orientations (tilt angle and / or azimuth angle or first and / or second orientation components).

[0038] These facets include these subwavelength structures. Each facet may include one subwavelength structure. Each subwavelength structure may be arranged on one of the facets. Each facet may include more than one of the same subwavelength structures. At least some facets may include at least two different types of subwavelength structures. Different types of subwavelength structures may have different color effects.

[0039] These subwavelength structures can be periodic. These subwavelength structures can be designed or arranged periodically. The period can be between 100 nm and 500 nm, preferably between 200 nm and 400 nm. Different subwavelength structures can be distinguished by different periods. Different periods of these subwavelength structures can induce different color effects.

[0040] These subwavelength structures may have a height or depth between 50 nm and 400 nm, preferably between 100 nm and 300 nm. This depth may be located next to a raised portion or between two raised portions. This height and / or depth can be understood as an extension along the normal direction of the facet. Different heights and / or depths of these subwavelength structures can induce different color effects.

[0041] These subwavelength structures can be one-dimensional gratings. These one-dimensional gratings can have polarization effects. They can have substantially parallel grating ridges. Grooves can exist between these ridges. The one-dimensional grating can have a grating period between 100 nm and 500 nm, preferably between 200 nm and 400 nm. This period can be the distance between adjacent ridges.

[0042] These subwavelength structures can be two-dimensional gratings. The two-dimensional grating may have substantially parallel first grating ridges and substantially parallel second grating ridges. These first grating ridges may not be parallel to, and in particular, perpendicular to, these second grating ridges. The two-dimensional grating has grooves between these grating ridges. These grooves may have rectangular, square, hexagonal, or parallelogram shapes, and in particular, be parallel to the xy-plane. At least one grating period of the two-dimensional grating, preferably two grating periods, may be between 100 nm and 500 nm, preferably between 200 nm and 400 nm.

[0043] These subwavelength structures can be waveforms in cross-section, particularly sinusoidal, sawtooth, rectangular, or Z-shaped. These subwavelength structures can have high and low sections in cross-section, particularly alternating high and low sections. These high and / or low sections can be designed to be flat. These subwavelength structures can have concave and / or convex sections in cross-section, particularly alternating concave and convex sections. These concave and / or convex sections can be designed to be at least partially curved or arched. The cross-section can be oriented perpendicular to the xy-plane.

[0044] These subwavelength structures may include, or be arrangements of nanopores. These subwavelength structures may include, or be arrangements of nanodots. The arrangement may be periodic or aperiodic. Different heights and / or depths of these nanodots or nanopores can induce different color effects.

[0045] These subwavelength structures can be irregularly arranged. Preferably, these subwavelength structures are randomly distributed or quasi-periodicly arranged.

[0046] These structures can be represented by their outline shape, depth, and / or cross-sectional shape.

[0047] These subwavelength structures can be irregular or uneven, particularly in cross-sections perpendicular to the xy-plane of the anti-counterfeiting element. These irregular or uneven structures can also have flat portions.

[0048] These subwavelength structures can be designed into the embossed layer. The embossed layer can be a film, preferably a thermoplastic film. The embossed layer can be a radiation-curable or radiation-cured paint, particularly a paint that is UV-curable or UV-cured.

[0049] These subwavelength structures may include a metal layer. These subwavelength structures may include an aluminum layer, a silver layer, a chromium layer, a copper layer, or an iron layer. These subwavelength structures may include an aluminum alloy layer, a silver alloy layer, a chromium alloy layer, a copper alloy layer, or an iron alloy layer. These subwavelength structures may be metallized using the metal layer.

[0050] These subwavelength structures may include an HRI (high refractive index) layer. The HRI layer may have a refractive index of at least 1.6, preferably at least 1.8, or particularly preferably greater than 2.0. The HRI layer may be a ZnS layer or contain ZnS.

[0051] These subwavelength structures may include multiple layers. These multiple layers may include an absorption layer, a dielectric layer, and a reflective layer, preferably in this order. Specifically, these multiple layers may include an absorption layer, a dielectric layer, and an absorption layer, particularly in this order.

[0052] These subwavelength structures can be embedded in a layer. Preferably, these subwavelength structures can be embedded in a varnish layer.

[0053] These subwavelength structures may include a coherent layer. This coherent layer may include high-level and low-level portions, particularly in a cross-section perpendicular to the xy-plane. These high-level and low-level portions may comprise a single layer.

[0054] These subwavelength structures may include discontinuous or discontinuous layers. These discontinuous or discontinuous layers may be continuous when viewed perpendicular to the xy-plane. These discontinuous or discontinuous layers may include portions spaced apart in a direction perpendicular to the xy-plane. These portions may be adjacent or overlapping in a direction parallel to the xy-plane.

[0055] At least some, preferably most, of the first and second facets of the anti-counterfeiting element may be inclined relative to the xy-plane along a first axis. All facets of the first and second facets of the anti-counterfeiting element may be inclined relative to the xy-plane along a first axis. An angle between -60° and 60° (preferably excluding 0°), and preferably between -45° and 45° (preferably excluding 0°) may be formed between the respective first and second facets inclined relative to the xy-plane along the first axis and the xy-plane. This angle may be formed in the direction of the first axis between the respective first and second facets inclined relative to the xy-plane along the first axis and the xy-plane.

[0056] A facet parallel to the xy-plane has an angle of 0°. Facets with positive angles (e.g., between 1° and 89°) may be tilted relative to the xy-plane in a positive direction. The normal vector of a facet with a positive angle may have a positive first orientation component. Facets with negative angles (e.g., between -89° and -1°) may be tilted relative to the xy-plane in a negative direction. The normal vector of a facet with a negative angle may have a negative first orientation component.

[0057] These first facets may be inclined relative to the xy plane along the first axis direction to different degrees than these second facets. Specifically, these first facets may be inclined relative to the xy plane along the first axis direction within a first angular range. These second facets may be inclined relative to the xy plane along the first axis direction within a second angular range. The first angular range and the second angular range may be different, and preferably the first angular range and the second angular range do not overlap.

[0058] The first angle range and / or the second angle range may include a range of at least 1°, preferably at least 3°, more preferably at least 5°, more preferably at least 10°, and more preferably at least 20°. For example, these first facets may be inclined relative to the xy plane along the first axis direction between -15° and 0°, and these second facets may be inclined relative to the xy plane along the first axis direction between 0° and 15°.

[0059] At least some, preferably most, of the first and second facets of the anti-counterfeiting element may be inclined relative to the xy-plane in at least two directions. All facets of the first and second facets of the anti-counterfeiting element may be inclined relative to the xy-plane in at least two directions. Preferably, the first direction is oriented along a first axis. In particular, the second direction is oriented along a second axis.

[0060] When the optically variable anti-counterfeiting element is tilted around the second axis, the color impression of the at least one pattern remains the same to the observer.

[0061] In particular, when the optically variable anti-counterfeiting element is tilted around the second axis within the tilt angle range, the color impression of the at least one pattern remains the same to the observer.

[0062] The tilt angle range may include up to 90°, preferably up to 80°, more preferably up to 70°, more preferably up to 60°, more preferably up to 50°, more preferably up to 40°, more preferably up to 30°, more preferably up to 20°, and more preferably up to 10°.

[0063] When the anti-counterfeiting element is tilted around the second axis, a color flipping effect (color jump effect) becomes visible to the observer in the pattern area. A jump or discontinuous transition from one color impression to another can be called a color flipping effect or color jump effect.

[0064] In a color-flipping effect, when the anti-counterfeiting element is tilted around a second axis within a first viewing angle range, at least a portion of the pattern area can present a substantially identical color impression to the observer. In a color-flipping effect, when the anti-counterfeiting element is tilted around a second axis within a first viewing angle range, the optical impression of at least a portion of the pattern area remains substantially unchanged to the observer.

[0065] When the anti-counterfeiting element is tilted beyond the limit of the viewing angle, the color impression of that part of the pattern area may change, especially in a jump or discontinuous manner.

[0066] When the anti-counterfeiting element is tilted further around the second axis within the second viewing angle range, the changed color impression in that part of the pattern area can be seen to the observer in a form that remains the same or unchanged.

[0067] The limiting observation angle can be between the first observation angle range and the second observation angle range.

[0068] Preferably, within a 180° viewing angle range, the color impression of at least one portion of the pattern area is visible to the observer at most 20 times, more preferably at most 15 times, more preferably at most 10 times, more preferably at most 5 times, and more preferably at most 2 times.

[0069] Within a 180° viewing angle range, at least two, preferably at least three, more preferably at least five, more preferably at least ten, more preferably at least fifteen, and more preferably at least twenty variations of the color impression of at least one portion of the pattern area are visible to the observer.

[0070] When the optically variable anti-counterfeiting element is tilted around the second axis, preferably within a first viewing angle range, the appearance of the at least one pattern can remain the same or unchanged to the observer. Alternatively or additionally, when the optically variable anti-counterfeiting element is tilted around the first axis, preferably within a second viewing angle range, the color impression of the at least one pattern can remain the same or unchanged to the observer.

[0071] The representation of the at least one pattern may be independent of the anti-counterfeiting element tilted around the second axis from the observer's perspective. Alternatively or additionally, the color impression of the at least one pattern may be independent of the anti-counterfeiting element tilted around the first axis from the observer's perspective.

[0072] When the optically variable anti-counterfeiting element is tilted around the second axis within the first viewing angle range, the color impression of the at least one pattern may change. When the optically variable anti-counterfeiting element is tilted within the first viewing angle range, the appearance of the at least one pattern may remain substantially the same.

[0073] Alternatively or additionally, the appearance of the at least one pattern may change when the optically variable anti-counterfeiting element is tilted around the first axis within the second viewing angle range. The color impression of the at least one pattern may remain substantially the same when the optically variable anti-counterfeiting element is tilted around the first axis within the second viewing angle range.

[0074] These first facets and these second facets may or may not be nested.

[0075] If the first facets and the second facets are nested in a section, then in that section, what is visible to the observer cannot be solely the optical impression produced by the first facets or solely by the second facets. In this case, at least some of the first facets and the second facets can be arranged to be directly adjacent to each other.

[0076] If the first facets and the second facets are not nested within a section, then the section may contain either (only) the first facets or (only) the second facets. In this case, the optical impression of the section may be presented to the observer either by the first facets or by the second facets.

[0077] This part can be the part that an observer can distinguish (without auxiliary tools), and in particular, it can be a pixel.

[0078] These first facets and these second facets can be arranged within the pattern area such that at least one portion of the at least one pattern is visible to an observer in a color. This color can be a color produced by a subwavelength structure.

[0079] This portion may have a dimension of at least 300 μm, particularly at least 500 μm. This dimension can be the width or length of the portion. This dimension may be oriented parallel to the xy-plane. Preferably, the portion has a diameter of at least 0.09 mm. 2 Preferably at least 0.25mm 2 The area.

[0080] Between this section and its (directly) adjacent section, the color impression or the transition of the color can be abrupt, jumpy, and / or discontinuous.

[0081] At least one portion of the at least one pattern is visible in a first color at a first viewing angle. At least one portion of the at least one pattern is visible in a second color at a second viewing angle.

[0082] This part can have a thickness of at least 0.09 mm. 2 The area. Preferably, this portion has a diameter of at least 0.25 mm. 2 More preferably at least 1mm 2 More preferably at least 4mm 2 More preferably at least 9mm 2 More preferably at least 16mm 2 More preferably at least 25mm 2 The area.

[0083] The first color can be represented by a first facet having a first subwavelength structure. The second color can be represented by a second facet having a second subwavelength structure.

[0084] The transition from the first viewing angle to the second viewing angle can be achieved by tilting the anti-counterfeiting element around the second axis.

[0085] Preferably, the at least one pattern is fully visible to the observer in the first color at the first viewing angle. The at least one pattern is fully visible to the observer in the second color at the second viewing angle.

[0086] In at least one portion of the at least one pattern, a first color gradient is visible to an observer at a first viewing angle. In at least one portion of the at least one pattern, a second color gradient is visible to an observer at a second viewing angle. The first color gradient and the second color gradient may be different color gradients.

[0087] In a color gradient, individual portions of the same color cannot be distinguished or differentiated by an observer. In a color gradient, there may be portions of the same color, wherein these portions are sized such that they are indistinguishable to the observer or indistinguishable from other portions.

[0088] Each of these color gradients is visible to the observer as a continuous (non-jumping) transition of color.

[0089] The at least one pattern may include at least one first sub-region and at least one second sub-region. The first sub-region is visible to the observer at a first viewing angle with a first color impression. The second sub-region is visible to the observer at the first viewing angle with a second color impression. The first sub-region is visible to the observer at a second viewing angle with the second color impression. The second sub-region is visible to the observer at a second viewing angle with the first color impression. The first color impression may be a first color and / or the second color impression may be a second color.

[0090] The first sub-region of the at least one pattern is visible to the observer at the first viewing angle in a first color impression. The second sub-region of the at least one pattern is visible to the observer at the first viewing angle in a second color impression. The first sub-region is visible to the observer at the second viewing angle in a third color impression. The second sub-region is visible at the second viewing angle in a fourth color impression. The first, second, third, and fourth color impressions can be different color impressions. The first, second, third, and / or fourth color impressions can each be a single color.

[0091] The transition from the first viewing angle to the second viewing angle can be achieved by tilting the anti-counterfeiting element around the second axis.

[0092] Each of these sub-regions may have a minimum thickness of 0.09 mm. 2 The area of ​​these sub-regions. Preferably, each sub-region has an area of ​​at least 0.25 mm. 2 More preferably at least 1mm 2 More preferably at least 4mm 2 More preferably at least 9mm 2 More preferably at least 16mm 2 More preferably at least 25mm 2 The area.

[0093] In the at least one pattern, at least one sub-pattern is visible to an observer. This sub-pattern can change as the optically variable anti-counterfeiting element is tilted around a first axis. Preferably, the size, shape, and / or position of the at least one sub-pattern changes as the observer perceives it when the optically variable anti-counterfeiting element is tilted around the first axis. When the sub-pattern changes, the representation of the at least one pattern changes as the observer perceives it.

[0094] The subpattern may have a shape visible to the observer. This shape may be, for example, a circle, square, apple, flower, face, or number. The shape may also be a geometric shape. Specifically, it may be a circle or a polygon. The polygon may be a triangle, quadrilateral (especially a rectangle), rhombus, square, or hexagon.

[0095] When the optically variable anti-counterfeiting element is tilted around a first axis, a motion effect of the sub-pattern becomes visible to an observer. This motion effect can be a change in size (e.g., a pumping effect), a change in the position of the sub-pattern within the pattern area, and / or a change in the shape of the sub-pattern.

[0096] In a pumping effect, the sub-pattern can be made visible to an observer by tilting an optically variable tamper-evident element around a first axis, alternating between large and small sizes.

[0097] Preferably, the size of the sub-pattern increases when the anti-counterfeiting element is tilted along a first direction around a first axis, and decreases when the anti-counterfeiting element is tilted along a second direction. The first direction may be opposite to the second direction.

[0098] When the anti-counterfeiting element is tilted in one direction, the size of the sub-pattern can alternately decrease and increase, or alternately increase and decrease.

[0099] At least two, preferably at least four, sub-patterns are visible to the observer within the pattern. When the anti-counterfeiting element is tilted around the first axis, a motion effect is visible to the observer for each of these sub-patterns. This motion effect can be the same for some of the sub-patterns, and particularly for all of the sub-patterns. That is, when the anti-counterfeiting element is tilted around the first axis, some or all of the sub-patterns exhibit the same motion effect.

[0100] When the optically variable anti-counterfeiting element is tilted around the second axis, the color impression and representation of the at least one pattern may change for the observer. When the anti-counterfeiting element is tilted around the first axis, the color impression of the pattern may not change, or the color impression of the pattern may remain the same.

[0101] Preferably, in the at least one pattern, at least one first sub-pattern is visible to an observer. When the optically variable anti-counterfeiting element is tilted about a second axis, the color impression of the sub-pattern and / or the shape of the sub-pattern may change as perceived by the observer. The sub-pattern can be any sub-pattern disclosed herein. The color impression can be a single color.

[0102] The transition from the first viewing angle to the second viewing angle can be achieved by tilting the anti-counterfeiting element around the second axis.

[0103] The at least one sub-pattern under the first observation angle may be different from the at least one sub-pattern under the third observation angle. The size, position, and / or shape of the sub-pattern may differ between the first observation angle and the second observation angle.

[0104] At least two, preferably at least three, more preferably at least four patterns are visible to an observer in the pattern area. Each of these patterns may be identical. At least some, preferably all, of these patterns may be different.

[0105] The at least one pattern may include at least one first sub-region. The first sub-region may be visible to the observer in a first color impression. The at least one pattern may include at least one second sub-region. The second sub-region may be visible to the observer in a second color impression. When the optically variable anti-counterfeiting element is tilted around a second axis, the change in the first sub-region and / or the second sub-region may be visible to the observer. The second sub-region is optional. The first color impression may be a first color and / or the second color impression may be a second color.

[0106] The change may be a change in the size, shape, and / or location of the first sub-region. Alternatively or additionally, the change may be a change in the size, shape, and / or location of the second sub-region.

[0107] Preferably, when the anti-counterfeiting element is tilted around the second axis, the position of the first sub-region relative to the second sub-region changes. When the anti-counterfeiting element is tilted around the second axis, an observer can perceive the movement of the first sub-region relative to the second sub-region. The color impression of the first sub-region and / or the second sub-region may remain unchanged during movement.

[0108] The first sub-region is visible to the observer at a first position within a first tilt angle range. The first sub-region is visible to the observer at a second position within a second tilt angle range. The first sub-region is visible to the observer at a third position within a third tilt angle range. At least three, preferably at least five, more preferably at least ten, more preferably at least 15, and more preferably at least 20 tilt angle ranges can be provided. Within each tilt angle range, the position of the first sub-region may remain unchanged from the observer's perspective. Between different tilt angle ranges, the position of the first sub-region may change from the observer's perspective.

[0109] These facets can be directional reflective facets. Preferably, these facets are non-diffractive facets.

[0110] These facets can be the surfaces of microreflectors. Each surface of a microreflector can be a facet. These microreflectors can be micromirrors. Preferably, these microreflectors are micromirrors, each having a tilted facet.

[0111] These microreflectors, especially micromirrors, can be designed as described in DE 10 2005 061 749 A1. These microreflectors, especially micromirrors, can be manufactured or produced as described in DE 10 2005 061 749 A1.

[0112] The anti-counterfeiting element may include an arrangement of facets, particularly an arrangement of microreflectors having these facets. This arrangement of facets may include an embossed structure with a reflective coating. This arrangement of facets may include an embossed structure with a metallic coating. This arrangement of facets may include an embossed lacquer layer.

[0113] The dimensions of each of these facets, particularly the maximum width of each of these facets, may be between 2 μm and 300 μm, preferably between 3 μm and 100 μm, and more preferably between 5 μm and 50 μm.

[0114] These facets are tilted relative to the plane (xy plane) defined by the anti-counterfeiting element. In this way, light from a light source can be reflected at different intensities from different facets tilted to varying degrees relative to the plane to a single point. By appropriately selecting the tilt angles of the facets, a pattern can be created through light reflection that is visible to the observer. Specifically, different optical impressions are visible to the observer depending on the viewing angle.

[0115] Small facets can be formed, for example, in an embossing process within an embossable layer (e.g., an embossed paint layer). This embossable layer can be applied to a substrate. The embossable layer can be a film, particularly a thermoplastic film. The embossable layer can be a radiation-curable paint. The embossable layer can have several sublayers.

[0116] Negotiable instruments may include any anti-counterfeiting elements disclosed herein. Such instruments may be checks, bank cards, documents, certificates, ID cards, clothing (clothing tags), or banknotes.

[0117] The negotiable instrument may include at least one additional security feature. This additional security feature may be perceptible to an observer. It may also be imperceptible to an observer. Furthermore, it may be machine-perceptible.

[0118] The negotiable instrument may include at least one anti-counterfeiting feature. The anti-counterfeiting feature may be printed on the negotiable instrument. The anti-counterfeiting feature may be incorporated into the substrate of the negotiable instrument. The anti-counterfeiting feature may be perceptible to an observer. The anti-counterfeiting feature may be imperceptible to an observer. The anti-counterfeiting feature may be perceptible to a machine. Attached Figure Description

[0119] The invention, or further embodiments and advantages thereof, will be explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate embodiments of the invention only. Identical parts in the drawings are labeled with the same reference numerals. The drawings are not drawn to scale, and some elements may be drawn too large or too simplified.

[0120] Figure 1 An anti-counterfeiting element 100 with anti-counterfeiting element 10 and pattern area 20 is shown;

[0121] Figure 2 The pattern area 20 with pattern 30 is shown on the left, the pattern area 20 with pattern 30 is shown on the right at a second viewing angle, and the change of pattern 30 when the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is tilted around the first axis is shown in the middle.

[0122] Figure 3a The arrangement of the first facet 111 and the second facet 112 is shown;

[0123] Figure 3b The arrangement of the first facet 111 and the second facet 112 is shown;

[0124] Figure 4 The pattern area 20 with pattern 30 is shown on the left, the pattern area 20 with pattern 30 is shown on the right at a second viewing angle, and the change of pattern 30 when the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is tilted around the first axis is shown in the middle.

[0125] Figure 5The pattern area 20 with pattern 30 is shown on the left, the pattern area 20 with pattern 30 is shown on the right at a second viewing angle, and the change of pattern 30 when the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is tilted around the first axis is shown in the middle.

[0126] Figure 6 The pattern area 20 with pattern 30 is shown on the left, the pattern area 20 with pattern 30 is shown on the right at a second viewing angle, and the change of pattern 30 when the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is tilted around the first axis is shown in the middle.

[0127] Figure 7 The pattern area 20 with pattern 30 is shown on the left from a first viewing angle, and the pattern area 20 with pattern 30 is shown on the right from a second viewing angle. The change of pattern 30 when the orientation element 10 is tilted around the first axis is also shown in the middle.

[0128] Figure 8 The pattern area 20 with pattern 30 is shown on the left from a first viewing angle, the pattern area 20 with pattern 30 is shown in the middle from a second viewing angle, and the pattern area 20 with pattern 30 is shown on the right from a third viewing angle.

[0129] Figure 1 A negotiable note 100 with an anti-counterfeiting element 10 is displayed. The anti-counterfeiting element 10 includes at least one pattern area 20. In the pattern area 20, a pattern 30 is visible to the observer.

[0130] The anti-counterfeiting element 10 defines an xy-plane. The x-direction can be understood as a first axis, and the y-direction as a second axis. The first and second axes lie within the xy-plane. The first and second axes are not parallel. The angle between the first and second axes is preferably at least 45°, and particularly preferably, the first and second axes are oriented perpendicularly to each other. The z-direction may extend from the xy-plane. Preferably, the z-direction is oriented perpendicular to the xy-plane.

[0131] The negotiable instrument 100 is, for example, a banknote. The carrier or substrate of the negotiable instrument 100 may include or consist of one or more layers of paper. Alternatively, the carrier or substrate of the negotiable instrument 100 may include or consist of one or more layers of plastic. Further alternatively, the carrier or substrate of the negotiable instrument 100 may include at least one layer of paper and at least one layer of plastic.

[0132] The anti-counterfeiting element 10 can be applied to the carrier (or substrate) of the negotiable instrument 100, for example, as an anti-counterfeiting strip or anti-counterfeiting patch. Typically, the anti-counterfeiting element is placed on a transfer carrier (e.g., a plastic film) and then transferred (separated) from the transfer carrier to the substrate of the negotiable instrument. Alternatively, the anti-counterfeiting element can be inserted into the carrier of the negotiable instrument, for example, as an anti-counterfeiting thread. In particular, the anti-counterfeiting element can be inserted into the carrier during the manufacturing process, such as during the manufacturing of paper or film, or during the manufacturing of two layers of the carrier.

[0133] Figure 2 The pattern area 20 of the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is shown on the left from the first viewing angle. Figure 2 The pattern area 20 of the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is shown on the right at the second viewing angle. The transition from the first viewing angle to the second viewing angle can be achieved by tilting the anti-counterfeiting element 10 around the second axis (y-axis or y-direction).

[0134] Figure 2 The central illustration shows the change of pattern 30 when the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is tilted around the first axis (x-axis or x-direction), for example from the first viewing angle to the third viewing angle or from the second viewing angle to the fourth viewing angle.

[0135] Within pattern area 20, a pattern 30 is visible to the observer. Pattern 30 is visible to the observer in a representational form and with a color impression. Figure 2 In the image, for better identification, pattern 30 is displayed between two dashed lines. Shading lines of different densities can represent areas of different brightness, where the transition between areas of different brightness can be continuous.

[0136] From the first viewing angle, pattern 30 can be represented as the bright, luminous portion 41 of pattern area 20. Figure 1 In the example, portion 41 is striped or rectangular. Pattern 30 may extend from one side of pattern area 20 to the other side of pattern area 20. Alternatively, portion 41 may be circular or square, or have other shapes, particularly geometric shapes.

[0137] Pattern 30 is visible to the observer in one color impression. This color impression can be monochromatic. In this case, the observer can see pattern 30 in one color at the first viewing angle. This color is, for example, green, red, blue, or turquoise.

[0138] The color impression can be polychromatic. An observer can see a pattern 30 with more than one color, such as portions with blue and red. A mixed color may also be visible to the observer. Here, facets with different subwavelength structures (different subwavelength structures produce different primary colors (e.g., red and green)) can be arranged such that the observer obtains a yellow color impression.

[0139] Figure 2 The example's bright, luminous portion 41 glows brightly in a first color (the color impression of pattern 30) at a first viewing angle, and is visible in a striped or rectangular form (the representation of pattern 30) at a location in pattern area 20.

[0140] By tilting the anti-counterfeiting element 10 around the second axis, the color impression of the pattern 30 changes for the observer. At the second viewing angle, the pattern 30 is visible to the observer with a different color impression than at the first viewing angle.

[0141] When the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is tilted around the second axis, the appearance of the pattern 30 may remain unchanged. In other words, the appearance of the pattern 30 may be the same from the first viewing angle and the second viewing angle.

[0142] From a second viewing angle, the color impression of pattern 30 can be monochromatic or polychromatic. Figure 2 In the example, at the same position as the first viewing angle, the pattern 30 is visible to the observer as a striped or rectangular portion 41 that is brightly illuminated in a second color.

[0143] The first observation angle is preferably within a first angle range (also known as a tilt angle range). The second observation angle can be within a second angle range. When the anti-counterfeiting element is tilted within a certain angle range, the color impression of the pattern 30 may not change or may remain the same.

[0144] For example, the first angle range and the second angle range may each include 10°. The anti-counterfeiting element 10 may tilt up to 10° within its respective angle range, while the color impression remains unchanged to the observer.

[0145] There may be a limiting angle between the first angle range and the second angle range. If this limiting angle is exceeded, i.e., the anti-counterfeiting element is tilted beyond the limiting angle, the color impression of pattern 30 may change. The change in the color impression of pattern 30 may be perceived by the observer in a sudden, abrupt, and / or discontinuous manner. When the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is tilted around the second axis, a color flipping effect may be visible to the observer.

[0146] When the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is tilted around the first axis (x-axis or x-direction), the appearance of the pattern 30 changes. Here, the position, shape, and / or size of the pattern 30 may change. The change in the appearance of the pattern 30 can be perceived as continuous by an observer.

[0147] When the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is tilted around the first axis, the position of the pattern 30 preferably changes. For example, the pattern 30 may (depending on the tilt direction) be visible to the observer in a manner that moves upward or downward, wherein the shape and / or size of the pattern 30 does not change in particular. Similarly, portions of the pattern 30 may (depending on the tilt direction) be visible to the observer in a manner that moves closer to or further away from each other, wherein the shape and / or size of the portions of the pattern 30 does not change in particular.

[0148] Preferably, the shape of the pattern 30 changes when the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is tilted around the first axis. The pattern 30 may be visible to the observer in different colors (depending on the tilt direction). The pattern 30 may be visible to the observer in a first shape (e.g., quadrilateral) in each case at both the first and second viewing angles. The shape of the pattern 30 may change when the anti-counterfeiting element is tilted around the first axis, for example, from a quadrilateral to a triangle.

[0149] More preferably, the size of the pattern 30 changes when the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is tilted around the first axis. The pattern 30 may (depending on the tilt direction) be visible to the observer in an enlarged or smaller manner, wherein the shape of the pattern 30 does not change in particular. For example, the pattern 30 may be a circular surface in both the first and second viewing angles. The size of this surface may change when the anti-counterfeiting element is tilted around the first axis. This surface may be visible to the observer in a larger or smaller form depending on the direction of tilt.

[0150] exist Figure 2 In the example, the position of pattern 30, which is the bright, luminous part 41, changes. By tilting the anti-counterfeiting element 10 around the first axis, the pattern moves within the pattern area 20 as perceived by the observer. This is in Figure 2 The double arrows in the central illustration are used to represent this. These double arrows are not visible in pattern area 20 and serve only an illustrative purpose.

[0151] From a first viewing angle, pattern 30 is visible to the observer in a first representation with a first color impression. From a second viewing angle, pattern 30 is visible to the observer in the same first representation with a second color impression. The transition from the first to the second viewing angle can be achieved by tilting the anti-counterfeiting element 10 around a second axis.

[0152] Starting from a first viewing angle, the anti-counterfeiting element can be tilted around a first axis to a third viewing angle. At the third viewing angle, the pattern 30 is visible to the observer in a second form with the impression of the first color. That is, the form of representation can change during this tilting, while the color impression remains the same.

[0153] Starting from the second viewing angle, the anti-counterfeiting element can be tilted around the first axis to a fourth viewing angle. At the fourth viewing angle, the pattern 30, exhibiting the second color impression, becomes visible to the observer. During this tilt, the appearance of the pattern 30 may change, while the color impression remains the same.

[0154] The transition from the third to the fourth viewing angle or vice versa can be achieved by tilting the anti-counterfeiting element 10 around the second axis. Here, the color impression of the pattern 30 can change, while the overall form of the pattern can remain the same.

[0155] Figure 3a The first arrangement of facets 111 and 112 in pattern area 20 is shown. Figure 3b The second arrangement of facets 111 and 112 in pattern area 20 is shown.

[0156] The patterned region 20 includes multiple first facets 111 with different orientations and multiple second facets 112 with different orientations. The first facets 111 include a first subwavelength structure 115, and the second facets 112 include a second subwavelength structure 116.

[0157] The first subwavelength structure 115 is adapted to produce a first color. The second subwavelength structure 116 is adapted to produce a second color. Each of the first subwavelength structure 115 and the second subwavelength structure 116 can be any subwavelength structure disclosed herein.

[0158] Each of the first and second facets 111 and 112 defines a normal vector. This normal vector is orthogonal to the corresponding facet. The normal vector includes a first orientation component and a second orientation component.

[0159] The first orientation component of the normal vector can represent a facet inclined relative to the xy plane along the first axis (x-axis). The second orientation component of the normal vector can represent a facet inclined relative to the xy plane along the second axis (y-axis).

[0160] Preferably, at least some, particularly all, of the facets in the first facet 111 and the second facet 112 are inclined relative to the xy plane along the first axial direction. The first facet 111 may be inclined relative to the xy plane along the first axial direction within a first angular range. The second facet 112 may be inclined relative to the xy plane along the first axial direction within a second angular range.

[0161] Generally, a normal vector can be a unit normal vector. A unit normal vector is a normal vector with a length of 1.

[0162] The first orientation component of the first facet 111 can be within a first range, for example, from 0.4 to 0.6. The first orientation component of the second facet 112 can be within a second range, for example, from -0.6 to -0.4. The first orientation component of the first facet 111 can be negative. The first orientation component of the second facet 112 can be positive.

[0163] Several groups of facets may be arranged in the patterned region. Facets within a group may have the same subwavelength structure and may be inclined relative to the xy plane along a first axis direction within an angular range. Facets within a group may have the same subwavelength structure, and the first orientation component of the normal vectors of these facets may be within a range. The patterned region may include at least 2 groups, preferably at least 3 groups, more preferably at least 5 groups, more preferably at least 10 groups, more preferably at least 15 groups, and more preferably at least 20 groups of facets.

[0164] By arranging a first facet 111 with a first subwavelength structure 115 within a tilt angle range and a second facet 112 with a second subwavelength structure 116 within another tilt angle range, it is possible to achieve that the color generated by the first subwavelength structure 115 is visible to the observer within one viewing angle range, and the color generated by the second subwavelength structure 116 is visible to the observer within another viewing angle range. Depending on the tilt angle of the anti-counterfeiting element 10, the observer can see different color impressions in the pattern area 20.

[0165] At least some, preferably all, of the facets in the first facet 111 and the second facet 112 may be inclined relative to the xy plane along the second axis direction. At least some, preferably all, of the facets in the first facet 111 and the second facet 112 may be inclined relative to the xy plane along the first axis direction and the second axis direction.

[0166] By tilting the facets along the second axis, the representation of pattern 30 can vary depending on the viewing angle. In particular, the representation of pattern 30 can be encoded by tilting the facets along the second axis, and the color impression of the pattern can be encoded by tilting the facets along the first axis.

[0167] At least some facets, preferably all facets, of the first facet 111 and the second facet 112 may be oriented to be non-parallel to the xy plane.

[0168] The facet can be the surface of a microreflector, especially the surface of a micromirror.

[0169] exist Figure 3a In the diagram, the first facet and the second facets 111 and 112 are arranged in different areas. In the first area, the first facet 111 is mainly arranged or only arranged. In the second area, the second facet 112 is mainly arranged or only arranged.

[0170] Each of these regions may have a minimum thickness of 0.09 mm. 2 The area. Preferably, each of these areas has a surface area of ​​at least 0.25 mm. 2 More preferably at least 1mm 2 More preferably at least 4mm 2 More preferably at least 9mm 2 More preferably at least 16mm 2 More preferably at least 25mm 2 The area of ​​each of these regions is visible to the observer as an independent region.

[0171] By arranging the first facet 111 in the first region and the second facet 112 in the second region, an observer may see the optical impression induced by the first facet 111 in the first region, or the optical impression induced by the second facet 112 in the second region, depending on the viewing angle.

[0172] Each of these regions can have a diameter of less than 0.090 mm. 2 Preferably less than 0.040 mm 2 More preferably less than 0.010 mm 2 More preferably less than 0.0025 mm 2 The area of ​​each region. None of these regions can be seen to the observer as an independent area. Regions with a first facet and regions with a second facet can be arranged alternately within the pattern area, for example, in the form of a checkerboard pattern.

[0173] like Figure 3b As shown, the first facet and the second facet 111, 112 can be nested. In a region, the first facet and the second facet 111, 112 can be arranged in a substantially uniform distribution. Therefore, in this region, the optical impression induced by the first facet or the optical impression induced by the second facet can be visible to the observer depending on the viewing angle.

[0174] exist Figure 4 In the middle, the left side shows the pattern area 20 of the anti-counterfeiting element 10 from the first viewing angle. Figure 4 The right side shows the pattern area of ​​the anti-counterfeiting element 10 from the second viewing angle. By tilting the anti-counterfeiting element 10 around the second axis (y-axis or y-direction), a transition from the first viewing angle to the second viewing angle can be achieved.

[0175] exist Figure 4 In the middle, the pattern 30 changes when the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is tilted around the first axis (x-axis or x-direction), for example, from the first viewing angle to the third viewing angle or from the second viewing angle to the fourth viewing angle.

[0176] Within pattern area 20, a pattern 30 is visible to the observer. Pattern 30 is visible to the observer in a representational form and with a color impression. Figure 4 In the middle, for better identification, pattern 30 is displayed between two dotted lines.

[0177] and Figure 2 Similarly, as shown, pattern 30 is represented by a bright, luminous portion 42 within pattern area 20 that is visible to the observer. Portion 42 may be visible to the observer in the form of stripes or a rectangle. Pattern 30 may be visible to the observer from one side of pattern area 20 to the other side. Pattern 30 may be circular or square, or have other shapes, particularly geometric shapes.

[0178] Figure 4 The color impression of pattern 30 in the example is visible to the observer as a color gradient. This color gradient may be visible to the observer in at least one portion of pattern 30. Within at least that portion of pattern 30, no two portions may be visible to the observer with the same color. The color impression of pattern 30 may include mixed colors. The color gradient in... Figure 4 The color gradient is represented by different shaded lines. This color gradient can be continuous.

[0179] For example, facets with subwavelength structures can be arranged in pattern region 20, which produce primary colors (e.g., red, green, and blue). Here, a first facet with a first subwavelength structure, a second facet with a second subwavelength structure, and a third facet with a third subwavelength structure can be provided. The first, second, and third subwavelength structures can each produce a primary color, such as red, green, or blue.

[0180] Facets, each with its own subwavelength structure, can be arranged in pattern region 20 such that a color gradient is visible. This color gradient can be generated by at least two different subwavelength structures.

[0181] In pattern region 20, a mixed color may be visible in at least one portion. This mixed color may be generated by a first subwavelength structure and a second subwavelength structure. The first subwavelength structure may generate a first color, particularly a first primary color. The second subwavelength structure may generate a second color, particularly a second primary color.

[0182] A facet may include a first subwavelength structure and a second subwavelength structure. A facet having a first subwavelength structure and a second subwavelength structure can produce a mixed color of the respective colors produced by the first subwavelength structure or the second subwavelength structure. Multiple such facets may be arranged in the pattern area 20.

[0183] Preferably, the first facet 111 includes a first subwavelength structure 115, and the second facet 112 includes a second subwavelength structure 116. The first facet 111 and the second facet 112 can be arranged opposite each other such that an observer can see the mixed color produced by the first subwavelength structure and the second subwavelength structures 111 and 112. The distance between the first facet 111 and the second facet 112 can be less than 300 μm, preferably less than 150 μm, more preferably less than 100 μm, and even more preferably less than 50 μm. Several first facets 111 and several second facets 112 are arranged in the patterned region 20, particularly multiple first facets 111 and multiple second facets 112.

[0184] When the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is tilted around the second axis, the color impression of the pattern 30 changes for the observer. At the second viewing angle, the pattern 30 is visible to the observer with a different color impression than at the first viewing angle. Preferably, the appearance of the pattern 30 does not change when the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is tilted around the second axis.

[0185] The color impression of pattern 30 at a second viewing angle can be seen as a color gradient. This color gradient can be visible in at least one portion of pattern 30. Areas visible to the observer in the same color are not visible to the observer in pattern 30. The color impression of pattern 30 may include mixed colors.

[0186] When the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is tilted around the second axis, the change in the color impression of the pattern 30 can be visible to the observer in a jump, abrupt, and / or discontinuous manner. A color-flipping effect can also be visible to the observer when the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is tilted around the second axis.

[0187] and Figure 2 Similarly, the appearance of pattern 30 can change when the anti-counterfeiting element is tilted around the first axis. This changes from the first viewing angle to the third viewing angle, and from the second viewing angle to the fourth viewing angle. The color impression of pattern 30 may not change when the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is tilted around the first axis. This... Figure 2 The double arrows in the central illustration are used to represent this. These double arrows are not visible in pattern area 20 and serve only an illustrative purpose.

[0188] Figure 5 The pattern area 20 of the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is shown on the left from the first viewing angle. Figure 5The pattern area 20 of the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is shown on the right at the second viewing angle. The transition from the first viewing angle to the second viewing angle can be achieved by tilting the anti-counterfeiting element 10 around the second axis (y-axis or y-direction).

[0189] Figure 5 The central illustration shows the change of pattern 30 when the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is tilted around the first axis (x-axis or x-direction), for example from the first viewing angle to the third viewing angle or from the second viewing angle to the fourth viewing angle.

[0190] exist Figure 5 In the example, pattern 30, when viewed from a first angle, comprises a bright, luminous portion, which includes at least one first sub-region 43 and at least one second sub-region 44. Figure 5 In the middle, for better identification, pattern 30 is displayed between two dotted lines.

[0191] The first sub-region 43 is visible to the observer in the first color from the first viewing angle. The second sub-region 44 is visible to the observer in the second color from the first viewing angle.

[0192] Generally speaking, colors can be colors produced by subwavelength structures, colors produced by at least two subwavelength structures, especially mixed colors, color gradients, or color patterns.

[0193] When the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is tilted around the second axis, the color impression of the pattern 30 changes.

[0194] Preferably, the first sub-region 43 is visible to the observer at the second viewing angle in a color different from the first color. The first sub-region 43 can be visible to the observer at the second viewing angle in a second color.

[0195] The second sub-region 44 is visible to the observer at the second viewing angle in a color different from the second color. The second sub-region 44 is also visible to the observer at the second viewing angle in the first color.

[0196] The first subregion 43 and the second subregion 44 may be (directly) adjacent to each other. Alternatively, the first subregion 43 and the second subregion 44 may be spaced apart from each other.

[0197] The third sub-region 45 is visible to the observer in a third color from the first viewing angle. The third sub-region 45 is visible to the observer in a color different from the third color from the second viewing angle. In particular, the third sub-region 45 is visible in a second color from the first viewing angle, and / or the third sub-region 45 is visible in a first color from the second viewing angle.

[0198] The third sub-region 45 may be directly visible to the observer adjacent to the first sub-region 43. The third sub-region 45 may be spaced apart from the first and / or second sub-region 44 and thus visible to the observer.

[0199] Pattern 30 may include a fourth sub-region 46. The fourth sub-region 46 may be visible to the observer in a fourth color at a first viewing angle. The fourth sub-region 46 may also be visible to the observer in a color different from the fourth color at a second viewing angle. In particular, the fourth sub-region 46 may be visible in a first color at the first viewing angle, and / or the fourth sub-region 46 may be visible in a second color at the second viewing angle.

[0200] The fourth sub-region 46 may be (directly) visible to the observer adjacent to the second sub-region 44 and / or the third sub-region 45. The third sub-region 45 may be visible to the observer spaced apart from the first, second and / or third sub-regions 43, 44, 45.

[0201] When the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is tilted around the second axis, the color change can be perceived by the observer in a jump, abrupt and / or discontinuous manner (color flip effect).

[0202] Similarly, when the anti-counterfeiting element is tilted around the first axis, the appearance of pattern 30 can change. This changes from a first viewing angle to a third viewing angle, and from a second viewing angle to a fourth viewing angle. Figure 5 In the illustration, the variations in the representation of pattern 30 are indicated by double arrows in the center. These double arrows are not visible within pattern area 20 and serve only an illustrative purpose. The color impression of pattern 30 may remain unchanged when the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is tilted around the first axis.

[0203] When the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is tilted around the first axis, the position of the pattern 30 preferably changes. Additionally, when the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is tilted around the first axis, the visible size of the first, second, third, and / or fourth sub-regions 43, 44, 45, and 46 to an observer may change.

[0204] exist Figure 6 In the middle, the left side shows the pattern area 20 of the anti-counterfeiting element 10 from the first viewing angle. Figure 6 The right side shows the pattern area of ​​the anti-counterfeiting element 10 from a second viewing angle. The transition from the first to the second viewing angle can be achieved by tilting the anti-counterfeiting element 10 around the second axis (y-axis or y-direction). Figure 6 In this illustration, for purely illustrative reasons, the bright and dark areas are reversed. Areas with shaded lines are visible to the observer in a bright form. Areas without shaded lines are visible to the observer in a dark form.

[0205] exist Figure 6 In the middle, the pattern 30 changes when the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is tilted around the first axis (x-axis or x-direction), for example, from the first viewing angle to the third viewing angle or from the second viewing angle to the fourth viewing angle.

[0206] exist Figure 6 In the example pattern 30, at least one first sub-pattern 51 is visible to the observer. The first sub-pattern 51 is visible in a first color at a first viewing angle. The first sub-pattern 51 is visible in a second color at a second viewing angle. The color of the first sub-pattern 51 changes when the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is tilted about a second axis. The color change of the first sub-pattern 51 can be sudden, abrupt, and / or discontinuous (color flipping effect).

[0207] Additionally, the shape, position, and / or size of the sub-pattern 51 may change when the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is tilted around the second axis. Preferably, the shape of the sub-pattern 51 changes when the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is tilted around the second axis.

[0208] Specifically, the shape of the sub-pattern 51 is complementary at both the first and second viewing angles. A portion of the sub-pattern 51 that is bright at the first viewing angle may appear dark at the second viewing angle. Conversely, a portion of the sub-pattern 51 that is bright at the second viewing angle may appear dark at the first viewing angle. Preferably, all portions of the sub-pattern 51 that are bright at the first viewing angle appear dark at the second viewing angle.

[0209] Changes in the shape, position, and / or size of the sub-pattern 51 can be perceived by an observer in a sudden, abrupt, and / or discontinuous manner. When the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is tilted around the second axis, the shape, position, and / or size of the sub-pattern 51 may remain unchanged or the same within a first angular range (tilt angle range). When the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is tilted beyond a limit angle, the shape, position, and / or size of the sub-pattern may change (sub-pattern flips). Within a second angular range, the shape, position, and / or size of the sub-pattern 51 may remain unchanged or the same. This limit angle may lie between the first and second angular ranges.

[0210] When the anti-counterfeiting element is tilted around the second axis beyond the limit angle, the color change and the changes in the shape, position, and / or size of the sub-pattern 51 can be substantially simultaneously visible to the observer. Alternatively, the color change of the sub-pattern 51 can be visible when the anti-counterfeiting element is tilted around the second axis beyond the first limit angle. The changes in the shape, position, and / or size of the sub-pattern 51 can be visible when the anti-counterfeiting element is tilted around the second axis beyond the second limit angle. The first limit angle and the second limit angle can be spaced at least 1°, preferably at least 5° apart.

[0211] When the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is tilted around the first axis, the appearance of the pattern 30 changes. When tilted around the first axis, at least one sub-pattern 51 can change its size, shape, and / or position as perceived by an observer. This is achieved through… Figure 6 The arrows in the center of the illustration represent this. The arrows are not visible within the pattern area and serve only an illustrative purpose. Preferably, when the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is tilted around the first axis, changes in the size, shape, and / or position of the sub-pattern 51 can be perceived by the observer in a continuous manner. Preferably, the size of the sub-pattern 51 changes when tilted around the first axis. Particularly preferably, a pumping effect of the sub-pattern 51 is visible to the observer when tilted. Preferably, the color impression of the pattern does not change when tilted around the first axis.

[0212] At least one second sub-pattern 52 may be visible in pattern 30. The second sub-pattern 52 may change in the same way as the first sub-pattern 51 when tilted about the first axis and / or the second axis. Preferably, when the anti-counterfeiting element is tilted about the first axis in one direction, the size of the first sub-pattern 51 decreases, and the size of the second sub-pattern 52 increases. When the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is tilted about the first axis in another direction, the size of the first sub-pattern 51 may increase, and the size of the second sub-pattern 52 may decrease. In pattern 30, at least two first sub-patterns 51 and at least two second sub-patterns 52 are visible to an observer.

[0213] exist Figure 7 In the middle, the left side shows the pattern area 20 of the anti-counterfeiting element 10 from the first viewing angle. Figure 7 The right side shows the pattern area of ​​the anti-counterfeiting element 10 from a second viewing angle. The transition from the first to the second viewing angle can be achieved by tilting the anti-counterfeiting element 10 around the second axis (y-axis or y-direction). Figure 7 In the middle, for better identification, pattern 30 is displayed between two dotted lines.

[0214] exist Figure 7In the middle, the pattern 30 changes when the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is tilted around the first axis (x-axis or x-direction), for example, from the first viewing angle to the third viewing angle or from the second viewing angle to the fourth viewing angle.

[0215] and Figure 6 Similarly, in Figure 7 In the example, at least one first sub-pattern 51 is visible to the observer. The first sub-pattern 51 is visible in a first color at a first viewing angle. The first sub-pattern 51 is visible in a second color at a second viewing angle. The color of the first sub-pattern 51 changes when the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is tilted about a second axis. The color change of the first sub-pattern 51 can be sudden, abrupt, and / or discontinuous (color flip effect).

[0216] Additionally, the shape, position, and / or size of the sub-pattern 51 may change when the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is tilted around the second axis. Preferably, the shape and position of the sub-pattern 51 change when the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is tilted around the second axis. For example, at a first viewing angle, the sub-pattern 51 is a fish at a first position, and at a second viewing angle, the sub-pattern 51 is a bird at a second position.

[0217] The portion of sub-pattern 51 that is bright under a first viewing angle may appear dark under a second viewing angle. The portion of sub-pattern 51 that is bright under a second viewing angle may appear dark under a first viewing angle. Preferably, all portions of sub-pattern 51 that are bright under a first viewing angle appear dark under a second viewing angle. Preferably, all portions of sub-pattern 51 that are bright under a second viewing angle appear dark under a first viewing angle.

[0218] like Figure 6 The sub-pattern 51 can display a sub-pattern flip.

[0219] When the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is tilted around the first axis, the appearance of the pattern 30 changes. This is... Figure 7 The pattern 30 is indicated by double arrows in the center illustration. The pattern 30 may be a bright, luminous portion. This bright, luminous portion may include several sub-parts. When tilted around the first axis, the size, shape, and / or position of the pattern 30 may change for an observer. Preferably, when the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is tilted around the first axis, the change in the size, shape, and / or position of the pattern 30 can be perceived by the observer in a continuous manner. Preferably, when the anti-counterfeiting element is tilted around the first axis, the pattern 30 moves upward or downward for the observer.

[0220] At least one second sub-pattern 52 may be visible in pattern 30. The second sub-pattern 52 may change in the same way as the first sub-pattern 51 when tilted about the first axis and / or the second axis. The second sub-pattern 52 may be visible to the observer at a distance from the first sub-pattern 51 at a first viewing angle and / or a second viewing angle.

[0221] In patterned area 20, at least two, preferably at least three, and more preferably at least four patterns 30 are visible to an observer.

[0222] exist Figure 8 In the middle, the left side shows the pattern area 20 of the anti-counterfeiting element 10 from the first viewing angle.

[0223] In pattern region 20, a pattern 30 is visible to the observer at a first viewing angle. This pattern can be a brightly luminous portion having a first sub-region 43 and a second sub-region 44. The first sub-region 43 and the second sub-region 44 can be so visible that the brightly luminous portion is visible to the observer in the pattern region in the form of stripes or rectangles. For better identification, Figure 8 Pattern 30 is displayed between two dotted lines.

[0224] The first sub-region 43 may be visible to the observer in a first color. The second sub-region 44 may be visible to the observer in a second color. Each of these colors may be a color generated by a subwavelength structure, a color generated by at least two subwavelength structures, and in particular a mixed color or a color gradient.

[0225] The color impression of pattern 30 can be determined at least in part by the first sub-region 43 and the second sub-region 44.

[0226] When the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is tilted around the second axis, the position of the first sub-region 43 may change. Preferably, at a first viewing angle, the first sub-region 43 is visible to the observer at a first position, and at a second viewing angle ( Figure 8 (The middle illustration), the first sub-region 43 is visible to the observer at the second position.

[0227] When the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is tilted around the second axis, the change in position of the first sub-region 43 can be perceived by the observer in a jump, abrupt and / or discontinuous manner.

[0228] When the position of the first sub-region 43 changes, the position, shape, and / or size of the pattern 30 may remain unchanged or remain the same. Preferably, when the position of the first sub-region 43 changes, the size of the first sub-region 43 does not change.

[0229] When the position of the first sub-region 43 changes, the shape and / or position of the second sub-region 44 may change. Specifically, the second sub-region 44 is visible as a continuous sub-region from a first viewing angle. From a second viewing angle, the second sub-region 44 may be visible to the observer in the form of a first portion 44a and a second portion 44b. The first portion 44a and the second portion 44b may be visible to the observer in a spaced-apart or discontinuous manner. The first portion 44a and the second portion 44b may be separated by the first sub-region 43. The first sub-region 43 may be visible to the observer between the first portion 44a and the second portion 44b of the second sub-region 44.

[0230] When the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is tilted around the second axis, what appears to an observer is that the first sub-region 43 moves within the pattern 30, particularly at least partially within the second sub-region 44. This movement can be presented to the observer in a discontinuous or continuous manner.

[0231] From the third observation angle ( Figure 8 (As shown in the right figure), the first sub-region 43 is visible to the observer at the third position. When the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is tilted further around the second axis from the second observation angle, the position of the first sub-region 43 may (further) change.

[0232] The second sub-region 44 can be seen by the observer in a continuous manner from the third viewing angle.

[0233] In particular, when the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is tilted around the second axis, what can be perceived to an observer is that the first sub-region 43 moves from one side of the pattern region 20 to the other side of the pattern region 20, preferably to the opposite side of the pattern region 20.

[0234] When the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is tilted around the first axis, the appearance of the pattern 30 changes. The position, shape, and / or size of the pattern 30 may change when tilted. The change in the appearance of the pattern 30 may be perceived as continuous by an observer.

[0235] When the anti-counterfeiting element 10 is tilted around the first axis, the position of the pattern 30 preferably changes. For example, the pattern 30 may be visible to an observer in an upward or downward manner (depending on the tilt direction), wherein the shape and / or size of the pattern 30 does not change in particular.

[0236] The change in the position of pattern 30 within pattern area 20 Figure 8 The illustration uses corresponding double arrows. These double arrows are not visible to the observer in pattern area 20.

[0237] List of icon numbers

[0238] 100 negotiable instruments

[0239] 10 Anti-counterfeiting components

[0240] 20 Pattern Areas

[0241] 30 patterns

[0242] 41. Bright and luminous parts

[0243] 42 Bright and luminous parts

[0244] 43 sub-regions

[0245] 44 sub-regions

[0246] Part 44a

[0247] Part 44b

[0248] 45 sub-regions

[0249] 46 sub-regions

[0250] 51 sub-patterns

[0251] 52 sub-patterns

[0252] 110 Microreflectors

[0253] 111 First small noodle

[0254] 112 Second side

[0255] 115 First Subwavelength Structure

[0256] 116 Second Subwavelength Structure

Claims

1. An optically variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) having a patterned area (20), wherein: (a) In the pattern area (20), a plurality of first facets (111) and a plurality of second facets (112) with different orientations are arranged, wherein each facet of the first facet and the second facets (111, 112) defines a normal vector (n) having a first orientation component along the first axis and a second orientation component along the second axis which is not parallel to the first axis, and wherein the optical variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) defines the xy plane; (b) The first facet (111) includes a first subwavelength structure (115), and the second facet (112) includes a second subwavelength structure (116), wherein the first subwavelength structure (115) is different from the second subwavelength structure (116). (c) In the patterned area (20), at least one pattern (30) is visible to the observer in a form of representation and with a color impression; (d) When the optical variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) is tilted about the first axis (x), the appearance of the at least one pattern (30) changes for the observer; (e) The first orientation components of the first facet (111) and the second facet (112) are different from each other; Its features are, (f) When the optically variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) is tilted about the second axis (y), the color impression of the at least one pattern (30) changes for the observer; and (g) The color impression of the at least one pattern (30) is determined by the first orientation component, and the representation of the at least one pattern (30) is determined by the second orientation component.

2. The optical variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) according to claim 1, wherein the first subwavelength structure and the second subwavelength structure (115, 116) each have a color effect, wherein the color effect is substantially independent of tilting the optical variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) about the first axis (x) and / or about the second axis (y).

3. The optical variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) according to claim 1, wherein the subwavelength structure (115, 116): -Having a size equal to or greater than one-quarter the wavelength of visible light; and / or - It is a periodic structure with a period between 100nm and 500nm; and / or - Has a depth between 50nm and 400nm; and / or - It is a one-dimensional grating or a two-dimensional grating; and / or - Designed as a wave in cross-section, with high and low portions, and with concave and / or convex portions; and / or -Including arrangements of nanopores or nanodots; and / or - An irregularly arranged structure (115, 116); and / or - is a concave-convex structure (115, 116); and / or - Designed within the embossed layer; and / or -Metalized; and / or -Including the HRI layer; and / or - Includes multiple layers, wherein the multiple layers include an absorption layer, a dielectric layer, and a reflective layer, or the multiple layers include an absorption layer, a dielectric layer, and an absorption layer; and / or - Embedded in a layer; and / or - Including a coherent layer, wherein the subwavelength structure comprises high-order and low-order portions, and the high-order and low-order portions comprise a single layer; and / or - Including a continuous layer when viewed perpendicular to the xy plane.

4. The optical variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) according to claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the first facet and the second facet (111, 112) are inclined relative to the xy plane along the first axis (x) direction.

5. The optical variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) according to claim 4, wherein at least a portion of the first facet and the second facet (111, 112) are inclined relative to the xy plane along the first axis (x) direction and the second axis (y) direction.

6. The optically variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) according to claim 1, wherein when the optically variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) is tilted about the second axis (y) within a tilt angle range, the color impression of the at least one pattern (30) remains the same to the observer.

7. The optical variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) according to claim 1, wherein when the optical variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) is tilted about the second axis (y) within a first observation angle range, the appearance of the at least one pattern (30) remains the same to the observer, and / or wherein when the optical variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) is tilted about the first axis (x) within a second observation angle range, the color impression of the at least one pattern (30) remains the same to the observer.

8. The optical variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) according to claim 1, wherein the first facet and the second facet (111, 112) are arranged in the pattern area (20) such that at least one portion (41) of the at least one pattern (30) is visible to the observer in a color, wherein the portion of the at least one pattern (30) has a size of at least 300µm.

9. The optical variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) according to claim 1, wherein the representation of the at least one pattern (30) includes the size, position and / or shape of the at least one pattern (30).

10. The optical variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) according to claim 1, wherein at least one portion of the at least one pattern (30) is visible to the observer in a first color at a first viewing angle, and the portion of the at least one pattern (30) is visible to the observer in a second color at a second viewing angle.

11. The optical variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) according to claim 1, wherein in at least one portion of the at least one pattern (30), a first color gradient is visible to the observer at a first viewing angle, and in that portion of the at least one pattern (30), a second color gradient is visible to the observer at a second viewing angle.

12. The optical variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) according to claim 1, wherein the at least one pattern (30) comprises at least one first sub-region (43) and at least one second sub-region (44), wherein the first sub-region (43) is visible to the observer with a first color impression at a first viewing angle, and the second sub-region (44) is visible to the observer with a second color impression at the first viewing angle.

13. The optical variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) according to claim 12, wherein the first sub-region (43) is visible to the observer in the second color impression at the second viewing angle, and the second sub-region (44) is visible to the observer in the first color impression at the second viewing angle.

14. The optically variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) according to claim 9, wherein in the at least one pattern (30), at least one sub-pattern (51, 52) is visible to the observer, wherein the sub-pattern (51, 52) changes for the observer when the optically variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) is tilted about the first axis (x).

15. The optical variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) according to claim 14, wherein the size, shape and / or position of the at least one sub-pattern (51, 52) changes.

16. The optically variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) according to claim 9, wherein when the optically variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) is tilted about the second axis (y), the color impression and the representation of the at least one pattern (30) change for the observer.

17. The optically variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) according to claim 16, wherein in the at least one pattern (30), at least one first sub-pattern (51, 52) is visible to the observer, wherein the color impression of the sub-pattern (51, 52) and / or the shape of the sub-pattern (51, 52) changes when the optically variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) is tilted about the second axis (y).

18. The optically variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) according to claim 9, wherein the at least one pattern (30) includes at least one first sub-region (43) visible to the observer in a first color impression, and the at least one pattern (30) includes at least one second sub-region (44) visible to the observer in a second color impression, wherein changes in the first sub-region (43) and / or the second sub-region (44) are visible to the observer when the optically variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) is tilted about the second axis (y).

19. The optical variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) according to claim 18, wherein the changes in the size, shape and / or position of the first sub-region (43) and / or the second sub-region (44) are visible to the observer.

20. The optical variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) according to claim 1, wherein the first facet and the second facet (111, 112) are each surfaces of a microreflector.

21. The optical variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) according to claim 20, wherein the first facet and the second facet (111, 112) are each surfaces of a micromirror.

22. A negotiable instrument (100) having an optically variable anti-counterfeiting element (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 21.

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