Portable check dam and its laying method applied to shallow trench treatment

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of soil and water conservation technology, and provides a portable gully retainer and its deployment method for shallow gully management. The portable gully retainer includes a transverse retaining wall, a stilling basin, and protective wing walls. The transverse retaining wall is positioned horizontally along the width of the shallow gully and has an overflow outlet. The stilling basin is located downstream of the transverse retaining wall, with a gradient arrangement between the stilling basin and the overflow outlet. The protective wing walls are located at the end of the stilling basin furthest from the transverse retaining wall, and are angled to the flow direction of the shallow gully. The transverse retaining wall, stilling basin, and protective wing walls are connected to form a turbulent flow channel, which slows down the water flow velocity and controls the flow direction within the shallow gully. This invention effectively intercepts sediment, controls gully slope expansion and gully bottom erosion, is easy to assemble and disassemble, is reusable, and its deployment location and insertion depth can be dynamically adjusted according to the sediment deposition depth without affecting mechanized farming, fundamentally solving the problem of shallow gully management in black soil areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of soil and water conservation technology, and in particular to a portable drainage dam for shallow ditch management and its deployment method. Background Technology

[0002] Gullies in the Northeast Black Soil Region represent the most intense form of erosion within small watersheds under modern geographical conditions. Gully erosion directly or indirectly leads to severe environmental problems such as soil loss, land degradation, farmland destruction, reservoir siltation, and eutrophication. From the perspective of erosion landform evolution and dynamic processes, gullies are typically classified into fine gullies, shallow gullies, crisscross gullies, and scour gullies based on their morphological characteristics.

[0003] Shallow gullies are shallow and have a short erosion period, representing the early stages of gully development. If not effectively controlled, the continuous flow of water intensifies erosion, easily leading to gully formation. Since shallow gullies can be eliminated through cultivation or temporary filling, there are few specific measures directly targeting their management. Conventional methods involve installing vegetated waterways and ecological energy dissipation ponds within the gullies. However, this method requires significant land occupation, and pesticide spraying indirectly harms the vegetation, causing plant death. Therefore, while this approach can reduce sediment and further control gully expansion to some extent, its large land occupation and impact on cultivation limit farmer acceptance and its widespread application. Thus, designing a management technology that minimizes or eliminates land occupation, does not disrupt cultivation, and effectively controls gully expansion is of significant practical importance for managing shallow gullies in the black soil region of Northeast China, ensuring the protection of arable land and food security. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a portable ditching barrier and its deployment method for shallow ditch management, which solves the technical defects of existing traditional vegetation measures or vegetation and engineering measures for shallow ditch management, such as large land occupation, large disturbance, impact on mechanized farming, and low survival rate. This application can effectively intercept sediment, slow down the flow velocity, control the expansion of shallow ditch slopes and the erosion of the ditch bottom. At the same time, it is easy to assemble and disassemble, can be reused, and the deployment position and insertion depth can be dynamically adjusted according to the depth of sediment accumulation, without affecting mechanized farming, thus fundamentally solving the technical problems of shallow ditch management in black soil areas.

[0005] This invention provides a portable grain dam for shallow ditch management, comprising:

[0006] A transverse water-retaining wall is provided in a shallow ditch and is laid horizontally in the width direction of the shallow ditch. The two ends of the transverse water-retaining wall are buried in the soil of the ditch slope on both sides of the shallow ditch. An overflow outlet is provided on the transverse water-retaining wall.

[0007] An energy dissipation pool is located downstream of the transverse retaining wall, and is arranged correspondingly to the spillway, with the energy dissipation pool and the spillway arranged at a gradient.

[0008] Protective wing walls are located at the end of the stilling basin away from the transverse retaining wall, and extend towards one side of the ditch slope;

[0009] The transverse retaining wall, the stilling basin, and the protective wing wall are connected to form a turbulent flow channel, which is used to slow down the flow velocity and control the flow direction of water in the shallow ditch.

[0010] According to the present invention, a portable water-retaining structure for shallow ditch management is provided, wherein the transverse water-retaining wall includes a prefabricated end wall and a prefabricated extension wall, the prefabricated extension wall is disposed on opposite sides of the prefabricated end wall, and the prefabricated extension wall is inserted into the ditch slope soil on both sides of the shallow ditch, and the overflow outlet is located at the upper end of the prefabricated end wall.

[0011] According to the present invention, a portable grain storage tank for shallow ditch management further includes prefabricated sidewalls, prefabricated toe walls, and a bottom wall. The prefabricated sidewalls are connected between the transverse retaining wall and the protective wing wall. The prefabricated toe wall is located in the shallow ditch and is transversely arranged in the width direction of the shallow ditch, and is connected to the prefabricated sidewalls. The bottom wall, the transverse retaining wall, the prefabricated sidewalls, and the prefabricated toe wall together enclose the stilling basin to form the stilling basin.

[0012] According to the present invention, a portable drainage dam for shallow ditch management is provided, wherein the height of the prefabricated toe wall is adjustable, and the height of the prefabricated toe wall is less than the height of the spillway.

[0013] According to the present invention, a portable overflow dam for shallow ditch management is provided, wherein the height of the overflow outlet is h0, and the formula for calculating the height h0 of the overflow outlet is:

[0014] h0 = h + c

[0015] Where: h—the maximum water depth at the overflow outlet during the peak flood flow, in mm;

[0016] c—The protection height above the water head at the overflow outlet, and less than 50mm, in mm.

[0017] According to the present invention, a portable drainage system for shallow ditch management is provided, wherein the formula for calculating the inflow Q of the upstream catchment area of ​​the shallow ditch at the overflow outlet is as follows:

[0018] Q = 1.84(L - 0.2h)h 3 / 2

[0019] Where: L—overflow port width, in mm;

[0020] Q—Water inflow from the upstream catchment area of ​​the shallow ditch, in cubic meters (m³). 3 / s; where the formula for calculating the peak flood inflow Q in the shallow ditch catchment area is:

[0021] Q = 0.278σR (10，1) F

[0022] Where: σ—runoff coefficient; R (10,1) —Maximum hourly rainfall event occurring once every 10 years, in mm / h; F—Catchment area of ​​shallow ditches, in km² 2 .

[0023] According to the present invention, a portable water leveling device for shallow ditch management is provided, wherein the depth of the stilling basin is b, and the formula for calculating the depth b of the stilling basin is:

[0024]

[0025] In the formula: Q—the inflow of water from the upstream catchment area of ​​the shallow ditch, in m³. 3 / s;

[0026] L—Overflow port width, in mm;

[0027] g — acceleration due to gravity.

[0028] According to the present invention, a portable water leveling device for shallow ditch management is provided, wherein the width of the stilling basin is W, and the formula for calculating the width W of the stilling basin is:

[0029]

[0030] Where: H1—the height of the water drop, in mm;

[0031] d c =(Q 2 / L 2 g) 1 / 3

[0032] Where Q represents the inflow volume of the upstream catchment area of ​​the shallow ditch, in cubic meters per second (m³). 3 / s;

[0033] L—Overflow port width, in mm;

[0034] g — acceleration due to gravity.

[0035] According to the present invention, a portable grain barn for shallow ditch management is provided, wherein the horizontal distance between two adjacent portable grain barns for shallow ditch management is D, and the formula for calculating the horizontal distance D is:

[0036]

[0037] In the formula: Z—the vertical height difference between the bottoms of adjacent grain silos, in meters;

[0038] k—gradient of the original ditch bed, in percentage;

[0039] k0—The gradient after the siltation of the grain dam is complete, expressed in percentage.

[0040] The present invention also provides a method for deploying a portable grain storage facility, comprising the following steps:

[0041] S10: Obtain the digital elevation model and actual measurement results of the area where the ditch is located, and obtain the relevant parameters of the ditch;

[0042] S20: Calculate the external parameters of the portable grain mill based on the relevant parameters obtained in step S10;

[0043] S30: Select the appropriate portable grain mill based on the external parameters of the portable grain mill obtained in step S20;

[0044] S40: Determine the horizontal spacing between adjacent portable grain collection points based on the characteristics of shallow gully erosion in the black soil region;

[0045] S50: Based on the horizontal spacing of adjacent portable grain stacks determined in step S40, portable grain stacks are laid out from bottom to top in the shallow ditch.

[0046] This invention provides a portable grain dam for shallow ditch management. The portable grain dam includes a transverse retaining wall, a stilling basin, and protective wing walls. The transverse retaining wall, the stilling basin, and the protective wing walls are connected to form a turbulent flow channel. The transverse retaining wall has an overflow outlet to prevent flooding during heavy rains and to drain excess water, ensuring the stability and safety of the portable grain dam. The transverse retaining wall is inserted into the slope soil on both sides of the shallow ditch to prevent water seepage on the slopes of the portable grain dam, which could lead to soil deformation and erosion. The stilling basin is located downstream of the transverse retaining wall, and is arranged at a gradient with the overflow outlet. Water flows from the overflow outlet into the turbulent flow channel. The water flows downwards into the stilling basin, where it utilizes the hydraulic jump phenomenon generated by the fluid due to the height difference. The high-velocity supercritical water flow from the spillway enters the low-velocity subcritical water flow in the stilling basin, causing the water flow velocity to suddenly slow down. Part of the fluid's kinetic energy is dissipated by turbulence, while some kinetic energy is converted into potential energy. The water flowing out of the stilling basin, with its kinetic energy lower than that of the soil particles, is dispersed into the bottom of the downstream shallow ditch, effectively preventing erosion of the ditch bottom. The protective wing walls are connected to the downstream of the stilling basin and extend to both sides to constrain the water flow that disperses from the stilling basin into the bottom of the shallow ditch, preventing lateral overflow and further stabilizing and supporting the entire portable grain storage structure. In addition, due to its small size, the portable grain dam is easy to install and dismantle, and can be reused. The location and layout of the grain dam can be dynamically adjusted according to the siltation of shallow ditches, which can effectively improve the management of shallow ditches in black soil areas, greatly protect the topsoil of black soil farmland, and play an important role in controlling the thinning and depletion of black soil. Attached Figure Description

[0047] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0048] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a portable drainage system for shallow ditch management provided by the present invention.

[0049] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A front view of a portable grain dam used for shallow ditch management;

[0050] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A partial view of a portable grain dam used for shallow ditch management;

[0051] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure in direction A;

[0052] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 A disassembly diagram of the various parts of a portable grain dam used in shallow ditch management.

[0053] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the deployment method of the portable grain storage facility provided by the present invention.

[0054] Figure label:

[0055] 100. Portable grain hoppers for shallow ditch management;

[0056] 110. Transverse water-retaining wall; 111. Precast end wall; 111a. Spillway; 112. Precast extension wall; 120. Stilling basin; 130. Protective wing wall; 140. Precast side wall; 150. Precast toe wall; 160. Bottom wall of the basin. Detailed Implementation

[0057] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0058] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0059] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0060] This invention proposes a portable drainage ditch 100 for shallow ditch management and its deployment method.

[0061] In embodiments of the present invention, such as Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the portable drainage dam 100 used for shallow ditch management includes a transverse retaining wall 110, a stilling basin 120, and protective wing walls 130. The transverse retaining wall 110 is located in the shallow ditch and is positioned transversely along the width of the ditch. The two ends of the transverse retaining wall 110 are buried in the soil of the ditch slope on both sides of the shallow ditch. An overflow outlet 111a is provided on the transverse retaining wall 110. The stilling basin 120 is located downstream of the transverse retaining wall 110 and is positioned corresponding to the overflow outlet 111a, with the stilling basin 120 and the overflow outlet 111a arranged in a gradient. The protective wing walls 130 are located at the end of the stilling basin 120 away from the transverse retaining wall 110 and extend towards one side of the ditch slope. The transverse retaining wall 110, the stilling basin 120, and the protective wing walls 130 are connected to form a turbulent flow channel, which is used to slow down the water flow velocity and control the water flow direction in the shallow ditch.

[0062] Specifically, in this embodiment of the invention, the portable grain dam 100 used for shallow ditch management includes a transverse retaining wall 110, a stilling basin 120, and protective wing walls 130. The transverse retaining wall 110 is horizontally positioned along the width of the shallow ditch to effectively prevent water flow along its length, thus preventing erosion. Both ends of the transverse retaining wall 110 are buried in the soil on both sides of the shallow ditch to prevent water infiltration into the slopes of the portable grain dam, which could lead to soil deformation and erosion. Furthermore, the transverse retaining wall 110 is provided with an overflow outlet 111a to prevent flooding during heavy rains and to drain excess water, ensuring the stable and safe operation of the portable grain dam. Optionally, the specific dimensions of the transverse retaining wall 110 can be set according to the relevant parameters of the shallow ditch. The stilling basin 120 is located downstream of the transverse retaining wall 110, after the transverse retaining wall 110, and is used to absorb and dissipate the water flow behind the transverse retaining wall 110. The stilling basin 120 is correspondingly positioned with the spillway 111a, effectively absorbing the kinetic energy of the water overflowing from the transverse retaining wall 110 and preventing direct scouring of the shallow ditch. Simultaneously, the stilling basin 120 and the spillway 111a are arranged in a gradient, further slowing the water flow and making it smoother, thus reducing the impact on the shallow ditch. Optionally, the specific dimensions of the stilling basin 120 can be set according to the relevant parameters of the shallow ditch. Protective wing walls 130 are located at the end of the stilling basin 120 furthest from the transverse retaining wall 110, and are distributed on both sides of the shallow ditch. The main function of the protective wing walls 130 is to constrain the water flow from the stilling basin 120 into the bottom of the shallow ditch, preventing lateral overflow, and also providing further stability and support for the entire dam. Optionally, the specific dimensions of the protective wing walls 130 can be set according to the relevant parameters of the shallow ditch. The transverse retaining wall 110, the stilling basin 120 and the protective wing wall 130 are connected to form a turbulent flow channel. The turbulent flow channel is used to slow down the flow velocity and control the flow direction of water in the shallow ditch, thereby playing the role of blocking water and retaining sand.

[0063] This invention provides a portable grain dam 100 for shallow ditch management. The portable grain dam includes a transverse retaining wall 110, a stilling basin 120, and protective wing walls 130. The transverse retaining wall 110, stilling basin 120, and protective wing walls 130 are connected to form a turbulent flow channel. The transverse retaining wall 110 is equipped with an overflow outlet 111a to prevent flooding during heavy rains and to drain excess water, ensuring the stability and safety of the portable grain dam. The transverse retaining wall 110 is inserted into the slope soil on both sides of the shallow ditch to prevent water seepage on the slopes of the portable grain dam, which could lead to soil deformation and erosion. The stilling basin 120 is located downstream of the transverse retaining wall 110, and is arranged at a gradient with the overflow outlet 111a, allowing water to flow in a turbulent manner. The water flows downward from the overflow outlet to the stilling basin 120. The stilling basin 120 utilizes the hydraulic jump phenomenon generated by the fluid in the height difference. The high-velocity supercritical water flow from the overflow outlet 111a enters the low-velocity subcritical water flow in the stilling basin 120. The water flow suddenly slows down, and part of the kinetic energy of the fluid is dissipated by turbulence, while part of the kinetic energy is converted into potential energy. The water flowing out of the stilling basin 120 has lower kinetic energy than the separation kinetic energy of soil particles, and it flows into the bottom of the shallow ditch downstream, which can effectively prevent scouring of the bottom of the shallow ditch. The protective wing wall 130 is connected to the downstream of the stilling basin 120 and extends to both sides to restrain the water flow flowing from the stilling basin 120 into the bottom of the shallow ditch, preventing the water flow from overflowing laterally. At the same time, it also plays a further stabilizing and supporting role for the entire portable grain silo. In addition, due to its small size, the portable grain dam is easy to install and dismantle, and can be reused. The location and layout of the grain dam can be dynamically adjusted according to the siltation of shallow ditches, which can effectively improve the management of shallow ditches in black soil areas, greatly protect the topsoil of black soil farmland, and play an important role in controlling the thinning and depletion of black soil.

[0064] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5In one embodiment, the transverse retaining wall 110 includes a prefabricated end wall 111 and a prefabricated extension wall 112. The prefabricated extension walls 112 are respectively disposed on opposite sides of the prefabricated end wall 111 and are inserted into the soil of the slope on both sides of the shallow ditch. The spillway 111a is located at the upper end of the prefabricated end wall 111. In this embodiment, by combining the prefabricated end wall 111 and the prefabricated extension wall 112, the transverse retaining wall 110 can better block and guide water flow. The setting of the prefabricated end wall 111 increases the stability and reliability of the entire structure, while the insertion design of the prefabricated extension wall 112 improves the connection strength between the transverse retaining wall 110 and the ditch, so as to protect the slopes on both sides of the portable ditch from seepage, which could lead to soil deformation and erosion. The spillway 111a helps regulate water levels and divert excess water. When the water volume is too large, the spillway 111a can overflow from the opening at the top of the prefabricated end wall 111, preventing excessive water accumulation inside the transverse retaining wall 110 and thus preventing structural damage. Simultaneously, the design of the spillway 111a also better guides the direction of water flow, preventing water from scouring shallow ditches. Furthermore, the transverse retaining wall 110 can be easily disassembled and transported to the shallow ditches requiring treatment, then assembled and installed for effective treatment.

[0065] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 In one embodiment, the portable grain-collecting dam 100 used for shallow ditch management further includes prefabricated sidewalls 140, prefabricated toe walls 150, and a pool bottom wall 160. The prefabricated sidewalls 140 are connected between the transverse retaining wall 110 and the protective wing wall 130. The prefabricated toe wall 150 is located within the shallow ditch, extending transversely along the width of the ditch, and is connected to the prefabricated sidewalls 140. The pool bottom wall 160, transverse retaining wall 110, prefabricated sidewalls 140, and prefabricated toe walls 150 together form a stilling basin 120. It is understood that in this embodiment, the prefabricated sidewalls 140 are connected between the transverse retaining wall 110 and the protective wing wall 130 to increase the overall stability of the grain-collecting dam and to form a continuous water-retaining structure, preventing water flow from eroding the slopes on both sides of the shallow ditch. The prefabricated toe wall 150 is transversely connected to the prefabricated sidewalls 140 along the width of the shallow ditch. The bottom wall 160, together with the transverse retaining wall 110, prefabricated side walls 140, and prefabricated toe walls 150, encloses the stilling basin 120. The bottom wall 160 forms a closed bottom structure for the stilling basin 120, which can better store and control water flow, and also prevent water flow from eroding the shallow ditch from the bottom. The portable water dam design in this embodiment has high practicality and flexibility, can be easily assembled and set up, and effectively protects the shallow ditch from water flow erosion. At the same time, the added prefabricated side walls 140, prefabricated toe walls 150, and bottom wall 160 give the water dam better water flow control and stability, making it suitable for various types of shallow ditch treatment.

[0066] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 In one embodiment, the height of the prefabricated toe wall 150 is adjustable, and the height of the prefabricated toe wall 150 is less than the height of the spillway 111a. It is understood that in this embodiment, the depth of the stilling basin 120 is controlled by the vertical distance from the top of the prefabricated toe wall 150 to the bottom surface of the stilling basin 120. The height of the prefabricated toe wall can be adjusted according to specific needs. For example, the design of the portable grain chute can be optimized according to different flow rates, water depths, or terrain requirements of the shallow ditch. The height of the prefabricated toe wall 150 is less than the height of the spillway 111a, meaning that when the water level rises to the position of the spillway 111a, the water flows out through the spillway 111a and falls into the stilling basin 120, which has a height difference. The height of the stilling basin 120 is determined by the height of the prefabricated toe wall 150. Therefore, to ensure the height difference between the spillway 111a and the stilling basin 120, the prefabricated toe wall 150 is limited to a height less than that of the spillway 111a. The adjustable height of the prefabricated toe wall (150mm) allows for optimal water flow rate and volume.

[0067] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 4 In this application, the external dimensions of the portable grain dam are determined. In this embodiment, the flow rate of the shallow ditch catchment area is calculated based on the maximum rainfall intensity of 6 hours with a 10-year return period.

[0068] 1) Determine the dimensions of each part of the transverse water-retaining wall 110.

[0069] The first step is to determine the size of the overflow orifice, where a rectangular overflow orifice is used as an example:

[0070] The inflow of water into the upstream catchment area of ​​the shallow ditch can be calculated using the formula.

[0071] Q = 0.278σR (10，1) F (1)

[0072] In the formula: Q—the inflow of water from the upstream catchment area of ​​the shallow ditch, in m³. 3 / s; σ—runoff coefficient; R (10,1) —Maximum hourly rainfall event occurring once every 10 years, in mm / h; F—Catchment area of ​​shallow ditches, in km² 2 .

[0073] Calculate the height of the overflow outlet using the formula.

[0074] h0 = h + c (2)

[0075] Where: h0—height of the overflow outlet, in mm; h—maximum water depth at the overflow outlet during peak flood flow, in mm; c—protection height above the overflow outlet water head, less than 50 mm, in mm.

[0076] Calculate the maximum overflow design flow rate of the overflow outlet according to the formula.

[0077] Q = 1.84(L - 0.2h)h 3 / 2 (3)

[0078] Where: L—overflow outlet width, in mm; Q—water inflow from the upstream catchment area of ​​the shallow ditch, in m³. 3 / s.

[0079] The width of the overflow outlet can be set according to the average width of the shallow ditch in the black soil area, generally determined to be 15-20cm. Thus, the height h0 of the overflow outlet and the maximum water depth height h at the peak flow of the flood at the overflow outlet can be calculated and determined by formulas (1)-(3).

[0080] The second step is to determine the dimensional parameters of the prefabricated extension wall 112. Taking a rectangle as an example, the dimensions of the prefabricated extension wall 112 are determined by its length B and height H:

[0081] Calculate the height H of the precast extension wall 112 according to the formula.

[0082] H = c + h + H1 + b + t + e (4)

[0083] Where: H—width of the extension wall, in mm; H1—water drop height, in mm; b—depth of the stilling basin 120, in mm; t—bottom thickness of the stilling basin 120, in mm; e—depth of the retaining wall buried in the soil, in mm.

[0084] After the transverse retaining wall 110 is inserted into the bottom of the shallow ditch, in order to ensure that the grain dam effectively plays its role in retaining water and settling sediment, the top of the transverse retaining wall 110 must be kept level with the top of the shallow ditch. Therefore, the height of the prefabricated extension wall 112 is determined by the soil depth e of the transverse retaining wall 110 and the depth of the shallow ditch. In this embodiment, e is taken as 10cm. Other embodiments can be set as needed. The depth of the shallow ditch can be obtained by actual measurement of the cross-sectional depth at the location where the grain dam is to be installed. Therefore, the width H of the prefabricated extension wall 112 can be determined.

[0085] In this embodiment, taking a bottom wall thickness of 160mm as an example, the depth of the stilling basin 120 is calculated according to the formula.

[0086]

[0087] Where: b—depth of stilling basin (120 mm); Q—inflow rate of the upstream catchment area of ​​the shallow ditch (m³). 3 / s; L—overflow port width, in mm; g—gravitational acceleration.

[0088] After determining the parameters c, h, b, t, and e, and substituting them into formula (4), the water drop height H1 can be calculated.

[0089] Calculate the width of the extended wall according to the formula.

[0090]

[0091] In the formula: B—length of the extension wall, in mm; A—horizontal distance from the center line of the ditch bottom to the edge line of the ditch, in mm, wherein the horizontal distance from the center line of the ditch bottom to the edge line of the ditch is obtained by on-site measurement of the cross-section at the proposed installation location of the ditch wall; i—depth of the extension wall inserted into the ditch slope, in mm, wherein in this embodiment, the depth of the extension wall inserted into the ditch slope is 10-15 mm; a—horizontal distance between the two sides of the overflow outlet and the sidewall, in mm, wherein in this embodiment, the horizontal distance between the two sides of the overflow outlet and the sidewall is 50 mm.

[0092] Normally, when water flows freely from the overflow outlet, in order to prevent the water from falling into the lower part of the flow and forming a closed space, which would cause air resistance to affect the water flow and form water flow pulses or turbulent currents, a space of 50mm width is maintained between the overflow outlet and the side wall on both sides to ensure that the air in the lower part of the water flow is unobstructed.

[0093] After determining the parameters A, i, L, and a, and substituting them into formula (6), the length B of the extended wall can be calculated.

[0094] 2) Determine the dimensions of each part of the stilling basin 120.

[0095] This application takes the stilling pool 120 as a rectangle as an example. Other embodiments can refer to this embodiment for implementation. The length of the stilling pool 120 can be determined according to the overflow port width and the horizontal distance between the overflow port and the side wall. The depth of the stilling pool 120 is determined by formula (5).

[0096] Calculate the width W of the stilling basin 120 according to the formula.

[0097]

[0098] Where: H1—the height of the water drop, in mm;

[0099] d c =(Q 2 / L 2 g) 1 / 3 (8)

[0100] Where Q represents the inflow volume of the upstream catchment area of ​​the shallow ditch, in cubic meters per second (m³). 3 / s; L—overflow port width, in mm; g—gravitational acceleration.

[0101] 3) Determine the dimensions of each part of the protective wing wall 130.

[0102] In this embodiment, the portable flood control system includes two sets of protective wing walls 130. The protective wing walls 130 are trapezoidal, and typically their outer ends coincide with the outer ends of the prefabricated sidewalls 140, and they are of the same size. The two protective wing walls 130 open outwards towards the downstream side of the shallow ditch, forming a 135-degree angle with the prefabricated sidewalls 140. This effectively intercepts and controls the flood peak flow, preventing water overflow and erosion of the downstream ditch banks. In this embodiment, the height of the protective wing walls 130 is 45cm, and the top is 20cm. The protective wing walls 130 can be adjusted appropriately according to actual conditions, and no special limitations are imposed here.

[0103] This application also provides a method for arranging a portable grain storage facility, referring to... Figure 6 The process includes the following steps: obtaining the digital elevation model and actual measurement results of the area where the shallow gully is located, and obtaining the relevant parameters of the shallow gully; calculating the shape parameters of the portable grain dam based on the obtained relevant parameters; selecting the appropriate portable grain dam based on the obtained shape parameters of the portable grain dam; determining the horizontal spacing of adjacent portable grain dams based on the characteristics of shallow gully erosion in the black soil area; and deploying the portable grain dams from bottom to top in the shallow gully based on the determined horizontal spacing of adjacent portable grain dams.

[0104] In one specific embodiment, the area where the shallow ditch is located belongs to the typical alluvial plain and hilly terrain of Northeast China, with corn planted on the farmland. Digital elevation model data of the area where the shallow ditch is located was obtained through UAV imagery, and combined with actual measurement results, the catchment area of ​​the shallow ditch is 0.8 hm². 2 It is 122m long, 96cm wide on average, 30cm deep on average, and has a slope of 3 degrees.

[0105] According to the *Heilongjiang Hydrological Handbook*, the average annual maximum 6-hour rainfall in this region is 45 mm. Using the Pearson III empirical frequency calculation method, the maximum 6-hour rainfall event with a 10-year return period is calculated to be 79.93 mm, and the maximum 1-hour rainfall event with a 10-year return period is calculated to be 13.32 mm / h. Using the *Heilongjiang Provincial Hydrological Atlas*, the runoff coefficient was determined to be 0.4 by referring to the average annual precipitation and runoff depth in the area where the shallow ditch is located.

[0106] By substituting the relevant parameters collected and determined from the basic data into the formulas (1)-(8), the external parameters of the grain slab can be calculated respectively. The calculation results of the later parameters of the grain slab are shown in the table below.

[0107] Table 1. External Parameters of Grain Workshop

[0108] <![CDATA[Q(m 3 / s)]]> L(cm) h(cm) c(cm) <![CDATA[h0(cm)]]> b(cm) e(cm) t(cm) 0.012 20 11 5 16 4 10 0.2 H(cm) <![CDATA[H1(cm)]]> i(cm) a(cm) A(cm) B(cm) <![CDATA[d c (cm)]]> W(cm) 40 9.8 10 5 48 43 7 29

[0109] Currently, there is no unified standard for determining the spacing between adjacent gullies. Based on the characteristics of shallow gully erosion in black soil areas, this patent determines the spacing between gullies according to the following principles: First, the principle of top-bottom alignment, that is, the bottom elevation of the upstream gully should be consistent with the bottom elevation of the overflow outlet of the downstream gully; Second, the final slope of the upstream gully intercepting silt and sand should be less than the minimum slope that causes water erosion; Third, the empirical observation and judgment of the erosion and deposition sites in the shallow gully.

[0110] Portable grain stacks are installed from bottom to top within the shallow trench, with the spacing between the stacks determined by the following formula:

[0111]

[0112] Where: Z—the vertical height difference between the bottoms of adjacent silt-filled gullies, in meters; k—the original gully bed gradient, in percentage; k0—the gradient after the gully is filled with silt, in percent.

[0113] The vertical height difference Z between the bottoms of adjacent silt-filled gullies is equal to the vertical distance H1 from the overflow outlet to the bottom of the ditch. According to the gully shape parameter table, Z is taken as 9.8cm. The slope of the ditch bed after silting is calculated according to the slope of 0.5 degrees in the black soil area where water erosion does not occur, i.e., k0 is 0.87%, and the original ditch bed slope k is 5.24%. Substituting the above parameters into the formula (9), the spacing D between the gullies is found to be 224cm. Therefore, 55 portable gullies need to be installed in the 122m long shallow ditch.

[0114] In summary, a shallow ditch that is 122 meters long, 96 cm wide, and 30 cm deep can retain approximately 3.4 tons of sand and soil after being equipped with portable sand-retaining barriers. Furthermore, by raising the erosion baseline of the shallow ditch, it can continue to play a role in retaining sand and soil.

[0115] In embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0116] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0117] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A portable grain dam for shallow ditch management, characterized in that, include: A transverse water-retaining wall is provided in the shallow ditch and is laid horizontally in the width direction of the shallow ditch. The two ends of the transverse water-retaining wall are buried in the soil of the ditch slope on both sides of the shallow ditch. An overflow outlet is provided on the transverse water-retaining wall. An energy dissipation pool is located downstream of the transverse retaining wall, and is arranged correspondingly to the spillway, with the energy dissipation pool and the spillway arranged at a gradient. Protective wing walls are located at the end of the stilling basin away from the transverse retaining wall, and extend towards one side of the ditch slope; The transverse retaining wall, the stilling basin, and the protective wing wall are connected to form a turbulent flow channel, which is used to slow down the water flow velocity and control the water flow direction in the shallow ditch; the height of the spillway is h0, and the formula for calculating the height h0 of the spillway is: ； Where: h—the maximum water depth at the spillway during the peak flood flow, in mm; c —The protection height above the water head above the spillway, and less than 50mm, in mm; The water inflow from the upstream catchment area of ​​the shallow ditch at the spillway Q The calculation formula is: ； In the formula: L —Width of the spillway, in mm; Q —Water inflow from the upstream catchment area of ​​the shallow ditch, in cubic meters (m³). 3 / s; where the water inflow from the upstream catchment area of ​​the shallow ditch Q The calculation formula is determined based on the maximum hourly rainfall that occurs once every 10 years: ； Where: σ—runoff coefficient; R (10,1) —The maximum hourly rainfall that occurs once every 10 years, expressed in mm / h; F —Catchment area of ​​shallow ditches, in km² 2 .

2. The portable grain dam for shallow ditch management according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transverse water-retaining wall includes a prefabricated end wall and a prefabricated extension wall. The prefabricated extension wall is located on opposite sides of the prefabricated end wall and is inserted into the soil of the ditch slope on both sides of the shallow ditch. The spillway is located at the upper end of the prefabricated end wall.

3. The portable grain dam for shallow ditch management according to claim 1, characterized in that, The portable water-retaining basin used for shallow ditch management also includes prefabricated sidewalls, prefabricated toe walls, and a pool bottom wall. The prefabricated sidewalls are connected between the transverse water-retaining wall and the protective wing wall. The prefabricated toe wall is located in the shallow ditch and is horizontally arranged in the width direction of the shallow ditch, and is connected to the prefabricated sidewalls. The pool bottom wall, the transverse water-retaining wall, the prefabricated sidewalls, and the prefabricated toe wall together enclose the stilling basin.

4. The portable grain dam for shallow ditch management according to claim 3, characterized in that, The height of the precast toe wall is adjustable, and the height of the precast toe wall is less than the height of the spillway.

5. The portable grain dam for shallow ditch management according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The depth of the stilling basin is b, and the formula for calculating the depth b is: ； In the formula: Q —Water inflow from the upstream catchment area of ​​the shallow ditch, in cubic meters (m³). 3 / s; L —Width of the spillway, in mm; g — acceleration due to gravity.

6. The portable grain dam for shallow ditch management according to claim 5, characterized in that, The width of the stilling basin is W, and the formula for calculating the width W of the stilling basin is: ； Where: H1—the height of the water drop, in mm; ； in, Q —Water inflow from the upstream catchment area of ​​the shallow ditch, in cubic meters (m³). 3 / s; L —Width of the spillway, in mm; g — acceleration due to gravity.

7. The portable grain dam for shallow ditch management according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The horizontal distance between two adjacent portable grain-making machines used for shallow ditch management is D The horizontal spacing D The calculation formula is: ； In the formula: Z—the vertical height difference between the bottoms of adjacent grain silos, in meters; k—gradient of the original gully bed, in percentage; k0—The gradient after the siltation of the valley floor, in units of %.

8. A method for deploying a portable grain storage facility, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S10: Obtain the digital elevation model and actual measurement results of the area where the ditch is located, and obtain the relevant parameters of the ditch; S20: Calculate the external parameters of the portable grain mill based on the relevant parameters obtained in step S10; S30: Select the appropriate portable grain mill based on the external parameters of the portable grain mill obtained in step S20; S40: Determine the horizontal spacing between adjacent portable grain collection points based on the characteristics of shallow gully erosion in the black soil region; S50: Based on the horizontal spacing of adjacent portable grain stacks determined in step S40, portable grain stacks are laid out from bottom to top in the shallow ditch.

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