A method for saving the outward shift of grape fruiting

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, in particular to a method for saving the outward shift of grape fruiting, which includes managing the grapes with outward-shifted fruiting: after the grapes are harvested in the first year, organic fertilizer is applied. In winter pruning, retraction pruning is carried out at the fruiting branches that are closest to the main trunk and main vine and are robust. Other fruiting branches on the main vine are pruned individually according to the original tree shape; after the new shoots germinate in the second year, 1 robust preparatory branch is retained at the retraction pruning cut, and the germinated summer bud shoots and inflorescences are promptly removed; after the fruiting branches pruned individually germinate, 1 robust new shoot is left on each fruiting mother branch as a fruiting branch. After the grapes are harvested in the second year, the original main vine is removed, and the preparatory branch is horizontally tied and cultivated as a new main vine. After the main vine buds germinate in the third year, normal grape management is carried out according to the tree shape. After 3-5 years of individual pruning in winter, the 2-3-year-old branches are promptly retracted and pruned to prevent the outward shift of fruiting. The operation of the present invention is simple and the benefits are remarkable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for saving the outward migration of grape fruiting positions. Background Art

[0002] Grapes are one of the oldest fruit trees in the world and are widely planted in China. Grapes are deeply loved by consumers because of their unique taste and rich in various nutrients. However, in grape cultivation, the phenomenon of outward migration of fruiting positions is relatively easy to occur, which brings severe challenges to the cultivation management of fruit farmers. The outward migration of grape fruiting positions refers to the annual upward and outward migration of grape fruiting positions. The fruiting positions are mainly concentrated on the periphery of the tree crown, showing the phenomenon of fruiting on the surface and no fruit inside. This phenomenon is one of the relatively common phenomena in grape planting and production, which will lead to insufficient light inside the grape, poor growth, and then lead to weakened tree vigor, reduced yield, and decreased fruit quality.

[0003] According to analysis, the main reason for the outward migration of grape fruiting is closely related to the current mainstream single-branch pruning method of grapes. Single-branch pruning means pruning one-year-old branches during winter pruning, and fruiting branches can be sprouted in the coming year, that is, each fruiting position always maintains one fruiting mother branch, and this is repeated year after year. In addition, the rapid development of grape protected cultivation, and the weak light conditions of protected early cultivation are not conducive to flower bud differentiation, resulting in an increase in the node position where flower buds are borne. Generally speaking, for grape varieties with a high node position where flower buds are borne, single-branch pruning is carried out in winter. With the cumulative effect, the outward migration of fruiting is relatively serious after 5 years. In production, many fruit farmers directly remove the grapes with serious outward migration of fruiting and then replant new seedlings, which will greatly increase the production cost of fruit farmers. In addition, there are also a few fruit farmers who try to save the outward migration of fruiting through double-branch renewal in winter. Double-branch renewal means that during winter pruning, 2 fully mature one-year-old branches close to the old vine are left on each fruiting mother branch. The upper one is appropriately long left as the fruiting mother branch for the coming year, and the lower one is short left as the preparatory branch. However, the most significant disadvantage of double-branch renewal in practical operation is that the preparatory branch is in the lower position and is prone to sprout weak branches (especially for some grape varieties with relatively weak growth vigor, it is extremely easy to sprout weak branches), which will lead to poor flower bud differentiation of the tree body and also affect the yield and fruit quality. Therefore, at present, double-branch renewal is rarely actually used in production to save the problem of outward migration of fruiting.

[0004] Therefore, providing a method for saving the outward migration of grape fruiting is a technical problem that needs to be urgently solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] (1) Technical Problems to be Solved

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned disadvantages and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for saving the outward migration of grape fruiting, which has the characteristics of simple technical operation, easy promotion, time and labor saving, strong and healthy preparatory branches, and strong flower formation ability, and is beneficial to maintaining the vigor of grape trees, increasing yield and fruit quality.

[0007] (II) Technical solution

[0008] The present invention provides a method for saving the outward migration of grape fruiting, including managing the grapes with outward migration of fruiting, and the management method is as follows:

[0009] S1. In the first year, after the grape fruits are harvested in autumn (about half a month apart, such as 10 - 20 days), apply organic fertilizer incrementally; during winter pruning, retract and prune at the fruiting branches closest to the trunk and main vine and with strong growth, and perform single-branch pruning on other fruiting branches on the main vine according to the original tree shape; promptly apply bactericidal and disinfectant agents to the pruning cuts of retract pruning and single-branch pruning;

[0010] S2. In the second year, after the new shoots germinate, retain 1 - 2 stronger new shoots at the retracted pruning cut as preparatory branches; for the fruiting branches on the main vine that were pruned by single-branch pruning in the previous year, leave 1 strong new shoot on each fruiting mother branch as a fruiting branch after germination; the above operations are carried out during the grape growth season, and nitrogen fertilizer is mainly applied during this period, supplemented by topdressing of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and medium and trace elements;

[0011] If there were 2 preparatory branches retained in the previous year, when the preparatory branches grow to 5 - 7 leaves, select the stronger one of them to retain and remove the other one; if only 1 preparatory branch was retained in the previous year, then retain that 1 preparatory branch; promptly perform pinching on the retained preparatory branches according to the tree shape, plant spacing and growth potential of the branches to control their length (within 0.9 - 1.2 m to prevent excessive growth of the branches), and promptly remove the germinated summer buds and inflorescences; only retain a flower cluster of appropriate size on the fruiting branch to ensure the balance between vegetative growth and reproductive growth;

[0012] S3. After the grape fruits are harvested in the second year (about half a month apart, such as 10 - 20 days), promptly supplement organic fertilizer; during winter pruning in the second year, remove the original main vine and horizontally tie the preparatory branches to cultivate them as new main vines;

[0013] S4. After the buds on the main vine germinate, conduct normal grape management according to the tree shape, including controlling the distance of the fruiting branches, promptly pinching and tying, and strictly controlling the load to prevent excessive load on the main vine.

[0014] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S4, during the winter pruning in the third year, single-branch pruning is continued. For grape varieties with high flower bud bearing nodes, after continuous single-branch pruning for 3 years, the 2-3-year-old branches are promptly retracted and pruned to prevent the result from shifting outwards; for grape varieties with low flower bud bearing nodes, after continuous single-branch pruning for 5 years, the 2-3-year-old branches are promptly retracted and pruned to prevent the result from shifting outwards; among them, the grape varieties with high flower bud bearing nodes include Manicure Finger, Red Globe, etc.; the grape varieties with low flower bud bearing nodes include Kyoho, Summer Black, etc.

[0015] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S1, during the retraction and pruning in the first year, for grape varieties with strong growth vigor, 2-3 buds are left below the pruning cut, and for grape varieties with weak growth vigor, 1 bud is left below the pruning cut; the grape varieties with strong growth vigor include Honey Glow, Kyoho, etc.; the grape varieties with weak growth vigor include Early Rose, Pinot Noir, etc.

[0016] During single-branch pruning, single-branch pruning is carried out according to the characteristics of grape varieties. For varieties with strong growth vigor, 2-3 buds are left below the pruning cut; for varieties with weak growth vigor, 4-6 buds are left below the pruning cut.

[0017] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S1, the organic fertilizer applied after the grape fruits are harvested in the first year in autumn (about half a month later, such as 10-20 days) is well-rotted organic fertilizer, preferably sheep manure and / or cow manure, and chicken manure is not selected or the proportion of chicken manure does not exceed 10%. Chicken manure is prone to burning the roots of grapes and causing the death of seedlings, so the application of chicken manure should be minimized. Unrotted livestock manure is also likely to burn the roots of grapes and cause the death of seedlings, so well-rotted organic fertilizer should be used; the amount of organic fertilizer is 3000-5000 Kg / mu.

[0018] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S1, the bactericidal and disinfectant applied to the pruning cuts during the retraction and single-branch pruning in the first year contains any one or a combination of several of lime sulfur with a Baume degree of 5-10, 0.2% carbendazim, and 1% copper sulfate, and the foregoing % is the mass percentage after dilution.

[0019] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S2, in the second year, the method for controlling the size of the flower clusters retained on the bearing branches is as follows: The size of the flower clusters is mainly determined according to the size of the grape berries of the grape variety. For medium and large berry grape varieties (such as Kyoho, Red Globe, etc.), the flower clusters are generally retained to 1 / 2-2 / 3; for small berry grape varieties (such as Riesling, Sultana), the flower clusters are retained to 3 / 4.

[0020] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S2, the fertilization plan for the grape growing season in the second year is divided into four stages:

[0021] Before and after grape budding, apply a compound fertilizer with high nitrogen, phosphorus, and low potassium at a rate of 10-15 kg per mu.

[0022] 12-18 days before grape flowering, continuously spray borax or borate foliar fertilizer with a concentration of 0.1-0.2%. After 4 pm on sunny days, conduct foliar spraying, with a 6-8-day interval between the two sprays.

[0023] After the grapes set fruit and the fruit grains are as big as mung beans, apply a high-nitrogen compound fertilizer at a rate of 40-80 kg per mu and calcium nitrate at a rate of 10-20 kg per mu.

[0024] At the initial stage of fruit coloring, apply a high-potassium compound fertilizer at a rate of 20-40 kg per mu.

[0025] Among them, in the compound fertilizer with high nitrogen, phosphorus, and low potassium, the nitrogen content is 22%, the phosphorus content is 13%, and the potassium content is 6%. Among them, high-nitrogen compound fertilizers are generally ammonium-based or urea-based compound fertilizers, which are prone to form biuret during the production process. If too much fertilizer is applied at one time, it is extremely easy to cause seedling burning. Therefore, when applying high-nitrogen compound fertilizers, it is necessary to avoid seedling burning. It can be applied together with nitrate nitrogen fertilizers. When applying high-nitrogen compound fertilizers as base fertilizers, try to keep them 3-5 cm away from the crop roots. It can be deeply applied in a ditch beside the grape roots and covered with soil. Among them, the potassium content in the high-potassium compound fertilizer is above 20%; the high-potassium compound fertilizer also contains fertilizer elements such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Applying high-potassium compound fertilizers at the initial stage of fruit coloring can utilize its rich nutrient elements to accelerate the expansion and growth of grape young fruits, reduce fruit shrinkage and abscission, improve the color of grape fruits, and increase yield and appearance quality.

[0026] Calcium nitrate is a safe and fast-acting nitrate nitrogen fertilizer with little volatilization loss and high utilization rate. Due to the presence of calcium element in agricultural calcium nitrate, its hygroscopicity is lower than that of ordinary ammonium nitrate, thus improving caking and thermal stability. It is mainly nitrate nitrogen and provides calcium. It is a new type of high-efficiency chemical fertilizer containing nitrogen and quick-acting calcium, which can be directly absorbed and utilized by plants and has a fast fertilizer effect (conventional ammonium nitrogen and amide nitrogen need to be converted into nitrate nitrogen before they can be utilized by plants). Calcium is also an essential element for grape fruit development. After the grapes set fruit, applying calcium nitrate can enhance stress resistance, promote early maturity, promote the expansion of young fruits, be beneficial to increasing fruit size, improving fruit quality, reducing fruit shrinkage and abscission, and continuous application can also improve the physical properties of the soil. It is suitable for various soils, especially when applied to acidic soils lacking calcium, the effect will be better. Calcium nitrate is relatively easy to lose, so it can be applied in small amounts in several batches, and generally should not be applied before rain, and excessive irrigation should not be carried out after application.

[0027] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S3, after the grape fruits are harvested in the second year (with an interval of about half a month, such as 10 - 20 days), the application plan for supplementary organic fertilizer is as follows: apply well-rotted organic fertilizer, preferably sheep manure and / or cow manure, and do not choose chicken manure or the proportion of chicken manure does not exceed 10%; the amount of organic fertilizer is 3000 - 5000 Kg / mu.

[0028] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S4, during the normal grape management process according to the tree shape, the tree shape is preferably a V-shaped trellis, a single-armed pergola or a flying-bird trellis;

[0029] The method for controlling the load of the main vine includes: retaining a fruiting branch every 20 - 25 cm, tying and pinching in time when the new shoot grows to 5 - 7 leaves, and only retaining 1 inflorescence on each fruiting branch, thereby strictly controlling the load to prevent the main vine from having too large a load and causing poor flower bud differentiation in the next year.

[0030] (III) Beneficial effects

[0031] A method for saving the outward migration of grape fruits of the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0032] (1) It can maintain a stable grape yield and reduce production costs. Currently, many fruit farmers directly uproot grapes with serious outward migration of fruits and replant new seedlings. Generally speaking, from uprooting to re-planting new seedlings and then to the new seedlings growing and stabilizing to bear fruit, it takes at least more than 3 years. This process will cause fruit farmers to re-invest more costs in manpower and material resources, etc. Not only will the grape yield decrease, but also the production costs will increase significantly. The present invention directly prunes and saves the grapes with outward migration of fruits in a specific way, which can not only reduce the cost input but also maintain a stable grape yield.

[0033] (2) Simple operation, time-saving and labor-saving. The method of the present invention is very simple and practical to implement; only need to prune the grapes according to different grape varieties and specific simple steps, without complex processing techniques or special tool equipment, and also without the intervention of pesticides. It is very practical for fruit farmers, easy to understand and operate, with low investment and obvious economic benefits.

[0034] (3) The preparatory branches formed by the method of the present invention are relatively robust and have strong flower-forming ability. In the conventional double-branch pruning (i.e., double-branch renewal in the background technology), the preparatory branches are in the lower position and are prone to grow out weak branches, and the flower bud differentiation ability is weak. In the present invention, the preparatory branches are formed by retraction pruning and then selection. Among them, timely supplementing organic fertilizer after retraction pruning is beneficial to the return of nutrients to supply the buds below the pruning cut, which is beneficial to the germination of the buds below the pruning cut into strong fruiting mother branches, having higher flower-forming ability and fruit-bearing amount. Specific embodiments

[0035] In order to better explain the present invention and facilitate understanding, the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] Seven-year-old Beauty Finger grapes were cultivated in the open field. Due to the high position of flower buds and continuous single-branch pruning, they had already experienced serious outward fruiting by the summer and autumn of 2019. The tree shape is a V-shaped frame, with a plant spacing of 1m and a row spacing of 2.5m.

[0038] In response to the above situation, the following measures are taken to prevent the fruiting of Beauty Finger grapes from moving outwards:

[0039] (1) In 2019, half a month after the harvest of the Beauty Finger grapes, 4,000 kg of well-rotted sheep manure was applied per mu. During winter pruning, the fruiting branches closest to the trunk and main vines that grew strong were pruned back, and the other fruiting branches on the main vines were pruned single branches according to the original tree shape (V-shaped frame). Beauty Finger grapes are a variety with strong growth potential, so two buds were left below the cut. The pruning ends of the pruned and single pruning were coated with 10 degrees Baume lime sulfur mixture.

[0040] (2) In 2020, after the new shoots of the Beauty Finger grape sprouted, the cut was cut back to retain one stronger new shoot as a preparatory branch. The preparatory branch was treated by pinching and other treatments, leaving a length of 1.0m to prevent the branches from growing too fast; at the same time, the sprouted summer buds and inflorescences were promptly removed. For the branches pruned in 2019, after sprouting, one strong new shoot was left on each fruiting mother branch as a fruiting branch. Only one flower spike was retained on the fruiting branch, and the flower spike was retained to 3 / 5 to ensure a balance between vegetative growth and reproductive growth. The above operations were completed during the growing season of the grape.

[0041] The fertilization plan during the grape growing season is: before and after the grapes sprout, apply 12 kg of high-nitrogen, phosphorus and low-potassium compound fertilizer per mu; spray 0.2% borax foliar fertilizer continuously 16 days before the grapes bloom, with an interval of about 1 week between two sprayings; after the grapes set fruit, when the grains are as big as mung beans, apply 60 kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer and 15 kg of calcium nitrate per mu; in the early stage of fruit coloring, apply 30 kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer per mu.

[0042] (3) Half a month after the 2020 grapes were harvested, 4,000 kg of well-rotted sheep manure was applied per mu; during winter pruning, the original main vines were thinned out, and the prepared branches were tied horizontally to be cultivated as new main vines.

[0043] (4) In 2021, after the buds on the main vine germinated, according to the V-shaped trellis, a fruiting branch was reserved every 20 - 25 cm. When the new shoot grew to 5 - 7 leaves, it was tied up and pinched in time. Only 1 inflorescence was reserved on each fruiting branch. Such operation could prevent the overloading of the main vine and avoid poor flower bud differentiation in the next year. During winter pruning, single-branch pruning could be continued. After continuous single-branch pruning for 3 years, it was necessary to timely retract and prune the 3-year-old branches to prevent the fruiting from shifting outwards.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] For the nine-year-old Summer Black grapes under greenhouse early forcing cultivation, the tree shape was V-shaped trellis, with a plant spacing of 1 m and a row spacing of 2.5 m. Due to continuous single-branch pruning and the fact that greenhouse cultivation was under weak light conditions, the flower bud differentiation of Summer Black grapes was inhibited, the position of flower bud attachment became higher, and a serious phenomenon of fruiting shifting outwards had occurred by the summer and autumn of 2020.

[0046] In view of the above situation, the measures to save the fruiting shifting outwards of Summer Black grapes were as follows:

[0047] (1) In 2020, half a month after the fruit harvest of Summer Black grapes, 4500 kg of well-rotted cow dung was applied per mu; during winter pruning, retraction pruning was carried out at the fruiting branch closest to the trunk and main vine and with strong growth. Other fruiting branches on the main vine were pruned by single-branch according to the original tree shape (V-shaped trellis). Summer Black was a variety with strong growth potential, so only 2 buds were left under the pruning cut. 0.2% carbendazim was applied to the pruning cuts of retraction pruning and single-branch pruning.

[0048] (2) In 2021, after the new shoots of Summer Black grapes germinated, 1 relatively strong new shoot was reserved at the retraction pruning cut as a preparatory branch. Through pinching and other treatments for the preparatory branch, the remaining shoot length was 1.0 m to prevent the excessive growth of the branches; at the same time, the lateral buds and inflorescences of the summer buds were promptly removed. For the branches pruned by single-branch in 2020, after germination, 1 strong new shoot was left on each fruiting mother branch as a fruiting branch. Only 1 flower cluster was reserved on the fruiting branch, and the flower cluster was reserved until 2 / 3 to ensure the balance between vegetative growth and reproductive growth.

[0049] The above operations were completed during the growth season of the grapes.

[0050] The fertilization plan during the growth season of the grapes was as follows: Before and after the germination of the grapes, 15 kg of compound fertilizer with high nitrogen, phosphorus and low potassium was applied per mu; 0.3% borax was continuously sprayed 14 days before the grape flowering. After 4 pm on sunny days, it was sprayed on the leaf surface, and the interval between the two sprays was 6 days; after the grapes set fruit, when the fruit grains were as big as mung beans, 60 kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer and 20 kg of calcium nitrate were applied per mu; at the initial stage of fruit coloring, 30 kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer was applied per mu.

[0051] (3) After harvesting the grape fruits in 2021, 4500 kg of well-rotted cow dung was applied per mu; during winter pruning, the original main vines were removed, and the reserve branches were horizontally tied and cultivated as new main vines.

[0052] (4) In 2022, after the buds on the main vines germinated, according to the V-shaped trellis, a fruiting branch was reserved every 20 - 25 cm. When the new shoot grew to 5 - 7 leaves, it was tied and pinched in time. Only 1 inflorescence was reserved for each fruiting branch. Such operation can prevent the main vine from being overloaded and avoid poor flower bud differentiation in the next year. During winter pruning, single-branch pruning can be continued. After continuous single-branch pruning for 3 years, it is necessary to timely retract and prune the 3-year-old branches to prevent the result from moving outwards.

[0053] Comparative Example 1

[0054] For the open-field cultivated 7-year-old Beauty Finger grapes, due to continuous single-branch pruning, serious result outward movement occurred in the grapevines in summer and autumn of 2018. The trellis shape was V-shaped, the plant spacing was 1 m, and the row spacing was 2.5 m. In mid-to-late March 2019, it was dug out and new seedlings were replanted, and conventional grape management was carried out.

[0055] Comparative Example 2

[0056] For the greenhouse early-promoting cultivated 9-year-old Summer Black grapes, the trellis shape was V-shaped, the plant spacing was 1 m, and the row spacing was 2.5 m. Due to continuous single-branch pruning, serious result outward movement occurred in the grapevines in summer and autumn of 2019. In mid-to-late March 2020, it was dug out and new seedlings were replanted, and conventional grape management was carried out.

[0057] The yields and production costs of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were statistically analyzed, and the results are shown in Table 1:

[0058] Table 1: Statistical table of the yield and production cost of Beauty Finger grapes

[0059]

[0060] The yields and production costs of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 were statistically analyzed, and the results are shown in Table 2:

[0061] Table 2: Statistical table of the yield and production cost of Summer Black grapes

[0062]

[0063] As can be seen from the data records in Table 1, when comparing Comparative Example 1 and Example 1, since new grape seedlings were replanted in Comparative Example 1 in 2019, the annual output that year was 0, which was significantly lower than 668.4 kg / mu in Example 1. In the third year (2021), the newly planted seedlings in Comparative Example 1 began to produce grapes normally, while at this time, the grape yield of the vines treated with rescue measures in Example 1 also increased significantly compared with the previous two years. In Example 1, the average yield over three years (2019 - 2021) was 67.7% higher than that in Comparative Example 1 over the same three years (2019 - 2021). At the same time, in terms of input costs, the total cost (yuan / mu) in Example 1 was much lower than that in Comparative Example 1, and the total input cost per mu over three years in Example 1 was reduced by 36.3% compared with Comparative Example 1. This was mainly because in Comparative Example 1, a large amount of labor costs, seedling costs, and new seedling management costs were required for uprooting and replanting new seedlings.

[0064] As can be seen from the data records in Table 2, when comparing Comparative Example 2 and Example 2, since new grape seedlings were replanted in Comparative Example 2 in 2020, the annual output that year was 0, which was significantly lower than 626.5 kg / mu in Example 2. In the third year (2022), the newly planted seedlings in Comparative Example 2 began to produce grapes normally, while at this time, the grape yield of the vines treated with rescue measures in Example 2 also increased significantly compared with the previous two years. In Example 2, the average yield over three years (2020 - 2022) was 57.9% higher than that in Comparative Example 2 over the same three years (2020 - 2022). At the same time, in terms of input costs, the total cost (yuan / mu) in Example 2 was much lower than that in Comparative Example 2, and the total input cost per mu over three years in Example 2 was reduced by 31.2% compared with Comparative Example 2. This was mainly because in Comparative Example 2, a large amount of labor costs, seedling costs, and new seedling management costs were required for uprooting and replanting new seedlings.

[0065] Therefore, for the grapes with the result of outward movement of the rescue, Example 1 and Example 2 have the advantages of higher yield and lower cost compared with directly uprooting and replanting.

[0066] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for saving the outward migration of grape fruiting, characterized in that, It includes managing the grapes with the outcome shifted outwards that have occurred, and the management method is as follows: S1. In the first year, after the grape fruits are harvested in autumn, apply organic fertilizer incrementally; during winter pruning, perform a retraction pruning at the fruiting branches closest to the main trunk and main vine and that are robust, and perform single-branch pruning on other fruiting branches on the main vine according to the original tree shape; promptly apply a bactericidal and disinfectant agent to the pruning cuts of the retraction pruning and single-branch pruning; S2. In the second year, after the new shoots germinate, retain 1 - 2 stronger new shoots at the retraction pruning cut as reserve branches; for the fruiting branches on the main vine that were single-branch pruned in the previous year, leave 1 robust new shoot on each fruiting mother branch after germination as a fruiting branch; the operations in this step are carried out during the grape growth season, and during this period, apply mainly nitrogen fertilizer and top-dress with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and medium and trace elements; If there were 2 reserve branches retained in the previous year, when the reserve branches grow to 5 - 7 leaves, select the more robust 1 reserve branch to retain and remove the other one; if only 1 reserve branch was retained in the previous year, then retain that 1 reserve branch; Timely perform pinching on the retained reserve branches according to the tree shape, plant spacing, and growth potential of the branches, control their length, and promptly remove the germinated summer buds and inflorescences; only retain one inflorescence of appropriate size on the fruiting branch; S3. After the grape fruits are harvested in the second year, promptly supplement organic fertilizer; during winter pruning in the second year, remove the original main vine, and horizontally tie the reserve branches to cultivate them as new main vines; S4. In the third year, after the buds on the main vine germinate, perform normal grape management according to the tree shape, including means such as controlling the distance of the fruiting branches, promptly pinching and tying, and controlling the load of the main vine to prevent the main vine from having too much load.

2. The method for saving the outward shift of grape fruiting according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S4, during winter pruning in the third year, continue single-branch pruning. For grape varieties with high flower bud bearing nodes, after continuous single-branch pruning for 3 years, promptly perform retraction pruning on their 2 - 3-year-old branches to prevent the outcome from shifting outwards; for grape varieties with low flower bud bearing nodes, after continuous single-branch pruning for 5 years, promptly perform retraction pruning on their 2 - 3-year-old branches to prevent the outcome from shifting outwards.

3. The method for saving the outward shift of grape fruiting according to claim 1, characterized in that In S1, during retraction pruning in the first year, for grape varieties with strong growth potential, leave 2 - 3 buds below the pruning cut, and for grape varieties with weak growth potential, leave 1 bud below the pruning cut; When performing single-branch pruning, perform single-branch pruning according to the characteristics of the grape variety. For varieties with strong growth potential, leave 2 - 3 buds below the pruning cut; for varieties with weak growth potential, leave 4 - 6 buds below the pruning cut.

4. The method for saving the outward shift of grape fruiting according to claim 1, wherein In S1, the organic fertilizer applied after the grape fruits are harvested in autumn in the first year is well-rotted sheep manure and / or cow manure; the application rate of the organic fertilizer is 3000 - 5000 Kg / mu.

5. The method for saving the outward shift of grape fruit setting according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S1, the bactericidal and disinfectant agent applied to the pruning cuts of the retraction pruning and single-branch pruning in the first year contains any one or a combination of several of lime sulfur with a Baume degree of 5 - 10, 0.2% carbendazim, and 1% copper sulfate.

6. The method for saving the outward shift of grape fruiting according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, the method for controlling the size of the inflorescence retained on the fruiting branch is as follows: The size of the inflorescence is mainly determined by the fruit size of the grape variety. For medium and large-grained grape varieties, the inflorescence is generally retained to 1 / 2 - 2 / 3; for small-grained grape varieties, the inflorescence is retained to 3 / 4.

7. The method for saving the outward shift of grape fruiting according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, the fertilization plan in the grape growth season in the second year is divided into four stages: Before and after grape budding, apply a compound fertilizer with high nitrogen, phosphorus and low potassium at a rate of 10-15 kg / mu. 12-18 days before grape flowering, continuously spray a borax or borate foliar fertilizer with a concentration of 0.1-0.2%. After 4 pm on a sunny day, conduct foliar spraying, with a 6-8-day interval between the two sprays. After grape fruit set, when the fruit grains are as big as mung beans, apply a high-nitrogen compound fertilizer at a rate of 40-80 kg / mu and calcium nitrate at a rate of 10-20 kg / mu. At the initial stage of fruit coloring, apply a high-potassium compound fertilizer at a rate of 20-40 kg / mu.

8. The method for saving the outward shift of grape fruiting according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S3, the application plan for supplementing organic fertilizer after the second-year grape fruit harvest is as follows: the organic fertilizer is well-rotted sheep manure and / or cow manure; the application rate of the organic fertilizer is 3000-5000 Kg / mu.

9. The method for saving the outward shift of grape fruiting according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S4, during the normal grape management process according to the tree shape, the tree shape is a V-shaped trellis, a single-armed pergola or a flying-bird trellis. The method for controlling the load includes: retaining a fruiting branch every 20-25 cm, tying and timely pinching when the new shoot grows to 5-7 leaves, and only retaining 1 inflorescence on each fruiting branch.

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