A high-energy-efficiency binary molecular communication method based on non-perfect transmitter

Abstract

The application provides a binary high-energy-efficiency molecular communication method based on an imperfect transmitting end, and steps are as follows: in the first step, the transmitting end collects a mixture of two kinds of molecules from the environment as information molecules, and places the two kinds of molecules in two containers with L and H, the two containers constitute an important part of the transmitting end, and the number and concentration of the molecules in the two containers are the same in the initial state; in the second step, the molecules in the containers are moved by consuming energy, so that the concentration distribution of the molecules in the two containers changes, and an imperfect transmitting end is created; according to the concentration changes caused by moving different types of molecules, the judgment mode of the receiving end is given respectively; in the third step, according to the statistical characteristics of the molecules released by the transmitting end, the specific performance of the transmitting end formed by moving different types of molecules is determined in combination with the judgment mode, and the molecular moving mode that makes the energy efficiency of the communication system higher is obtained according to the performance difference. Through the method, a high-efficiency and reliable molecular communication system is realized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of communication, and relates to molecular communication, in particular to a high-energy-efficiency binary molecular communication method based on an imperfect transmitting end. BACKGROUND

[0002] Molecular communication technology is a new type of communication mode using coded information molecules to propagate in a medium. Binary molecular communication uses two different types of molecules to transmit 0 and 1 binary information. The transmitting end releases coded molecules, which propagate to the receiving end through diffusion or flow. The receiving end decodes and obtains information by detecting the different concentrations of different types of molecules. This communication mode can realize nanoscale communication and be applied to future nanorobots and nanosensor networks.

[0003] Existing molecular communication technology research mainly focuses on the selection of information molecules, the research of channel propagation mechanisms, the optimization of receiving end detection methods, and the optimization of communication system energy efficiency. Common information molecules include gas molecules and liquid molecules. Propagation mechanisms include fluid transport and microscopic diffusion. Receiving end detection methods include electrochemical reactions and optical detection. However, there is little research on the optimization of molecular communication system energy efficiency.

[0004] If the designed molecular communication system has low energy efficiency, energy resources cannot be fully utilized, resulting in waste of energy resources. Conversely, by improving the energy allocation principle of the molecular communication system or the design method of a part of the system to improve the energy efficiency of the molecular communication system, and applying this improved method to communication between nanomachines, the nanomachines can achieve high reliability communication with less energy input. Therefore, to achieve high-energy-efficiency binary molecular communication, a design method for a high-energy-efficiency binary molecular communication system is needed. SUMMARY

[0005] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a high-energy-efficiency binary molecular communication method based on an imperfect transmitting end. This method provides a way for designing a high-energy-efficiency binary molecular communication system by constructing an imperfect transmitting end in a specific way, designing a receiving end decision threshold, and analyzing system reliability.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present application is as follows:

[0007] A high-energy-efficiency binary molecular communication method based on an imperfect transmitting end, comprising the following steps:

[0008] First, the transmitting end collects a mixture of two types of molecules from the environment as information molecules and places them in a container with two molecular reservoirs. The initial state of the two molecular reservoirs has the same total number of molecules and the same concentration of molecules.

[0009] Second step, by consuming energy, moving a molecule from one molecule library to another, the concentration of molecules in the two molecule libraries changes to create an imperfect transmitter, according to the change of the concentration of molecules in the two molecule libraries when moving different molecules, the discrimination criteria of the receiver for 0, 1 character are given respectively; according to the discrimination criteria, the mixture formed after moving molecules is released from one of the molecule libraries in a time slot, and is received by the receiver;

[0010] Third step, according to the statistical characteristics of the molecules released by the transmitter, the communication performance of moving different molecules to form the transmitter is determined by combining the discrimination mode, and the molecular moving mode meeting the energy efficiency requirement of the communication system is obtained according to the performance difference.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0012] The present application gives a binary molecular communication receiver discrimination mode based on the concentration of molecules under the premise of an imperfect transmitter at the transmitter end, and provides a bit error rate expression under the background of an imperfect transmitter according to the statistical characteristics of the molecules emitted by the imperfect transmitter.

[0013] Further, according to the central limit theorem of binomial distribution, an approximate expression more convenient for calculation and simulation is obtained by combining the obtained expression. Finally, the difference of the binary molecular communication system bit error rate obtained by moving different molecules when constructing an imperfect transmitter under the constraint of limited energy resources is analyzed, and the molecular moving mode that makes the energy efficiency of the communication system higher is obtained. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 Flow chart of high energy efficiency binary molecular communication method based on imperfect transmitter.

[0015] Figure 2 Schematic diagram for forming an imperfect transmitter.

[0016] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of binary molecular communication system communication mode based on imperfect transmitter.

[0017] Figure 4 Relationship between energy consumption and communication system bit error rate when moving k1 molecules under different initial concentrations.

[0018] Figure 5 Relationship between energy consumption and communication system bit error rate when moving k2 molecules under different initial concentrations.

[0019] Figure 6 Relationship between k2 initial concentration and communication system bit error rate when moving different molecules under the condition of the same energy consumption. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] Embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0021] As shown in the drawings, Figure 1 The present application is a high-energy-efficiency binary molecular communication method based on an imperfect transmitter. The specific method for designing a binary molecular communication system with high energy utilization efficiency under energy resource constraints is studied, which mainly includes the following steps:

[0022] First, the transmitter collects a mixture of two types of molecules from the environment as information molecules and places them in a container with two molecular libraries. The two molecular libraries constitute an important part of the transmitter, and the total number of molecules and the concentration of molecules in the two molecular libraries are the same or approximately the same in the initial state. For ease of description, the two molecular libraries are named L molecular library and H molecular library, and the two types of molecules are named k1 and k2.

[0023] In the present application, the two types of molecules collected from the environment do not react chemically and mix due to diffusion effects after contact, resulting in the same concentration ratio of each molecule in the two molecular libraries. For example, the two types of molecules can be galactose and neuropeptide Y.

[0024] Second, by consuming energy, the molecules in the transmitter molecular library are moved, i.e., one type of molecule is moved from one molecular library to the other, thereby changing the concentration of molecules in the two molecular libraries to create an imperfect transmitter. According to the change in the concentration of molecules in the two molecular libraries when different molecules are moved, the decision mode of the receiver is given, i.e., the discrimination standard for 0 and 1 characters.

[0025] In the present application, the molecules in the transmitter molecular library are moved by consuming energy, and the existing technology is implemented, such as the binary molecular communication imperfect transmitter creation theory described in the paper Thermodynamic Properties of Molecular Communication. Therefore, further description is not provided here.

[0026] By way of example, the receiver of the present application uses a silicon nanowire field effect transistor (SiNW FET) modified by a protein receptor as a receiver antenna to detect information molecules received by the receiver, and the protein molecules used to modify the nanowire field effect transistor can specifically bind to the two types of molecules, thereby achieving monitoring of the change in the concentration of molecules by the receiver.

[0027] Specifically, in the initial L molecular library and H molecular library, the concentration of k2 molecules is c k , and the concentration of k1 molecules is 1-c kSo the ratio of the initial concentration of k1 molecules to k2 molecules in the L molecule pool and the H molecule pool is That is

[0028]

[0029] At this time, input certain energy to some molecules, which can make the molecules move in the molecule pool, thereby changing the concentration distribution of the two types of molecules in the two molecule pools.

[0030] Case one, when k2 molecules are moved, considering that the number of moved molecules m2 is much smaller than the total number of molecules n in the L molecule pool k,L and the number of molecules n in the H molecule pool k,H , that is, m2 « n k,L , n k,H So after moving m2 molecules, the concentration of k2 molecules in the L molecule pool and the H molecule pool can be approximately calculated as

[0031]

[0032] After moving m2 k2 molecules from the L molecule pool to the H molecule pool, the ratio of the concentration of k1 molecules to k2 molecules in the L molecule pool becomes larger, that is The ratio of the concentration of k1 molecules to k2 molecules in the H molecule pool becomes smaller, that is So the criterion for the receiving end to determine the information carried by the molecules sent by the transmitting end is

[0033]

[0034] Case two, when k1 molecules are moved, considering that the number of moved molecules m1 is much smaller than the number of molecules n in the L molecule pool k,L and the number of molecules n in the H molecule pool k,H , that is, m1 « n k,L , n k,H So after moving m1 k1 molecules, the concentration of k2 molecules in the L molecule pool and the H molecule pool is

[0035]

[0036] Similarly, as in the case of moving k2 molecules, after moving m1 k1 molecules from the L molecule pool to the H molecule pool, the ratio of the concentration of k1 molecules to k2 molecules in the L molecule pool becomes smaller, that is The ratio of the concentration of k1 molecules to k2 molecules in the H molecule pool becomes larger, that is So the criterion for the receiving end to determine the information carried by the molecules sent by the transmitting end is as follows

[0037]

[0038] In the formula, is the concentration of k1 molecules in the L molecule pool after moving, is the concentration of k2 molecules in the L molecule pool after moving, is the concentration of k1 molecules in the H molecule pool after moving, is the concentration of k2 molecules in the H molecule pool after moving.

[0039] From the above analysis, the two kinds of 0, 1 discrimination methods of the receiving end of the molecular communication system are formula (3) and formula (5) when different molecules are moved. According to the discrimination standard, the mixture formed after the molecules are moved can be released from one of the molecule pools in a time slot and received by the receiving end.

[0040] Figure 2 The process of moving k2 molecules to form an imperfect transmitter by consuming energy is shown, which corresponds to the above case 1; that is, the process of forming an imperfect transmitter by changing the concentration distribution of molecules in the L molecule pool and the H molecule pool through energy consumption after the transmitter collects the mixture of the two kinds of molecules. As shown in Figure 2 Before the energy is consumed, the molecules in the two molecule pools are uniformly mixed, and the number and concentration of molecules in the two molecule pools are the same. After the k2 molecules are moved, the concentration of k2 molecules in the L molecule pool is smaller than the initial c k , and the concentration of k2 molecules in the L molecule pool is larger than the initial c k , and the concentration of k2 molecules in the L molecule pool

[0041] Thirdly, the communication performance of the transmitter formed by moving different molecules is determined according to the statistical characteristics of the released molecules, and the molecular moving method that meets the energy efficiency requirement of the communication system is obtained from the performance difference.

[0042] For example, in the present application, the relationship between the limited energy input and the number of moved molecules is analyzed, and the statistical characteristics of the received molecules are analyzed, and finally the relationship between the bit error rate and the energy and the concentration of molecules for describing the energy efficiency of the system is obtained. By comparing the energy efficiency of the communication system obtained by moving different molecules, the molecular moving method that can realize high energy efficiency communication system under limited energy input is obtained. Specifically, the communication performance of the transmitter formed by moving different molecules can be determined as follows:

[0043] The total number of molecules in the transmitter n k = n k,L + n k,H , and the number of molecules in the L molecule pool and the H molecule pool is equal, then If the energy is constant and the initial concentrations of the two kinds of molecules are different, the non-perfect transmitters formed by moving different molecules will be different, thereby causing different energy efficiencies of the molecular communication system.

[0044] Case 1, when k2 molecules are moved, the relationship between the consumed energy and the number of moved molecules is:

[0045]

[0046] where E k is the input energy, K is the Boltzmann constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin;

[0047] To make the equation more concise for analysis, define Then equation (6) can be written as E k = n k,H KT[(c k + a) log(l + β) + (c k - a) log(l - β)] (7)

[0048] Since the number of moved molecules m is much smaller than the number of molecules in the L molecule reservoir or the H molecule reservoir, i.e. therefore 0 < β << 1. Using Taylor series, log(l + β) and log(l - β) can be expanded as follows:

[0049]

[0050] Bring it into equation (7), and use After rearrangement, we have

[0051]

[0052] Since 0 < β << 1, the infinitesimal term o(β 3 ) can be ignored, so at a given energy, the number of moved molecules m2 can be expressed as

[0053]

[0054] Let the number of molecules emitted by the transmitting end be N m , then the discrimination condition described in equation (3) can be expressed as

[0055]

[0056] The discrimination condition described in equation (3) can be expressed as

[0057]

[0058] Let the probability of the transmitting end emitting 0 and 1 characters be So when k2 molecules are moved, the bit error rate used to characterize the performance of the transmitting end is

[0059]

[0060] In formula (13) Let i be a hypergeometric distribution of random variable i, since n k,L The value is very large, and the hypergeometric distribution can be approximated as a binomial distribution. Meanwhile, considering N m The value is very large. According to the central limit theorem of the binomial distribution, the binomial distribution can be approximated as a normal distribution. in

[0061]

[0062] Therefore, the probability of sending 0 and correctly identifying the target can be approximated as:

[0063]

[0064] In the formula This is the cumulative distribution function of the standard normal distribution.

[0065] In molecular communication, it is assumed that N m (1-c k It's quite large, so you might as well... Approximately N m (1-c k )-μ0, so equation (15) can be written as:

[0066]

[0067] Similarly, in formula (13) It is a hypergeometric distribution, since n k,H N m The value is very large, and the hypergeometric distribution can first be approximated as a binomial distribution, and then as a normal distribution. in

[0068]

[0069] Therefore, the probability of sending 1 and correctly identifying the target is:

[0070]

[0071] In molecular communication, it is assumed that N m c k The value is very large, so we might as well... Approximately N m c k -μ1, so equation (18) can be written as:

[0072]

[0073] So when k2 molecules are moved, the bit error rate of the transmitter sending information in a time slot is

[0074]

[0075] Substituting equation (2) into equation (1), the final expression of the bit error rate when k2 molecules are moved is

[0076]

[0077] When k1 molecules are moved, the relationship between the consumed energy and the number of moved molecules is:

[0078]

[0079] To make the equation more concise, define Then equation (22) can be expressed as:

[0080] E k = n k,H KT[(1-c k -α)log(1-β)+(1-c k +α)log(1+β)] (23)

[0081] Since the number of moved molecules m1 is much smaller than the number of molecules in the L molecule reservoir or the H molecule reservoir, i.e. Therefore, 0 < β < << 1. Using Taylor series, log(1+β) and log(1-β) can be expanded as follows:

[0082]

[0083] Substitute it into equation (23), and use After rearrangement, we have:

[0084]

[0085] Since 0 < β < << 1, o(β 3 ) can be ignored. Therefore, the number of moved molecules m1 at a given energy can be expressed as:

[0086]

[0087] The probability of the discrimination condition described in equation (5) can be expressed as

[0088]

[0089] The probability of the discrimination condition described in equation (5) can be expressed as

[0090]

[0091] Assume the probability of the transmitter sending either 0 or 1 is equal to 1. Therefore, when the k1 molecule is moved, the bit error rate used to characterize the transmitter performance is...

[0092]

[0093] In formula (27) It is a hypergeometric distribution, since n k,L The value is very large, and the hypergeometric distribution can be approximated as a binomial distribution. And considering N m The value is very large. According to the central limit theorem of binomial distribution, the binomial distribution can be approximated as a normal distribution. Therefore, this invention approximates the bit error rate expression to further preliminarily determine the communication performance of the transmitter formed by moving different molecules.

[0094]

[0095] Therefore, the probability of sending 0 and correctly identifying the target is:

[0096]

[0097] In molecular communication, assuming N m c k It's quite large, so you might as well... Approximately N m c k -μ0, so equation (31) can be written as

[0098]

[0099] In formula (28) Let i be a hypergeometric distribution of random variable i, since n k,H N m The value is very large, and the binomial distribution can be approximated as a normal distribution. in

[0100]

[0101] Therefore, the probability of sending 1 and correctly identifying the target is:

[0102]

[0103] In molecular communication, it is assumed that N m (1-c k It's quite large, so you might as well... Approximately N m (1-c k )-μ0, so equation (34) can be written as:

[0104]

[0105] So when k1 molecules are moved, the error rate of the transmitter sending information in a certain time slot is

[0106]

[0107] Substitute formula (4) into it, and the final expression of the error rate when k1 molecules are moved is

[0108]

[0109] N m N is the total number of molecules sent by the transmitter in a certain time slot, Φ(x) is the probability distribution function of the normal distribution,

[0110] Figure 3 Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a binary molecule communication mode of a non-perfect transmitter based on the movement of k2 molecules, showing the specific situation of the molecule stream sent by the non-perfect transmitter in the time slots of sending 0 and 1, and the discrimination strategy made by the receiver for the molecule stream.

[0111] Specifically, when sending the character "0", the molecules are sent by the L molecule library, and after the molecules diffuse to the nanowire field effect transistor of the receiver, the proteins modified on the field effect transistor will specifically bind to two types of molecules in k1 and k2, causing a change in the current in the field effect transistor. After the change is processed by the data processing unit of the receiver, it is translated into the corresponding 0, 1 information by the receiver.

[0112] In summary, the receiver will discriminate the information carried by the molecules according to the condition If it is satisfied, it is judged as the character "0".

[0113] However, the process of the transmitter sending molecules belongs to the probability model of non-replacement random sampling, so there will be time slots of incorrect judgment. The distribution of each molecule in the molecule stream sent by the transmitter is described as a hypergeometric distribution, which is approximated to a normal distribution for further calculation and analysis. Finally, the probability P(Y=0|X=0) of correct judgment under the condition of sending "0" is obtained;

[0114] The derivation process when sending the character "1" is the same as that when sending the character "0", and the probability P(Y=1|X=1) of correct judgment under the condition of sending "1" can also be obtained;

[0115] After obtaining the correct discrimination probability, it is assumed that the probability of the transmitter sending 0 and 1 characters is Then the probability P e=P(X=0)·P(Y=1|X=0)+P(X=1)·P(Y=0|X=1) Calculate the expression for the bit error rate.

[0116] In the third step, the specific process of deriving the molecular movement mode that makes the communication system more energy-efficient from the performance difference is as follows:

[0117] From equations (21) and (37), we can see that the bit error rate when shifting the molecule k2 is... Bit error rate during molecule movement They're all about C. k The function, let

[0118] From equations (10) and (26), it can be seen that the number of k2 molecules moved, m2, and the number of k1 molecules moved, m1, are also related to c. k The function m2(c k m1(c) k );

[0119] Observe m2(c k ) and m1(c k ), which gives m1(c k )=m2(1-c k );

[0120] Based on this, further observation of P1(c) k ) and P2(c k ), which gives P1(c k )=P2(1-c k ), that is, a univariate function P1(c k ) and P2(c k Regarding c k =0.5 even symmetry;

[0121] This indicates that, all other things being equal, the bit error rate at the transmitter generated by the moving k2 molecule is... The bit error rate of the transmitter generated by the moving k1 molecule In terms of both, c k The changes that result from the change of c k =0.5 is strictly symmetrical;

[0122] Furthermore, it can be seen that in the established molecular communication model, regardless of which molecule in k1 and k2 is moved, the effect of the concentration of the moved molecule on the bit error rate is essentially the same. That is, under the condition that the finite energy input to form an imperfect transmitter is the same, the higher the concentration of the moved molecule, the lower the bit error rate of the formed transmitter.

[0123] The present application derives a molecular moving method satisfying the energy efficiency requirement of a communication system from performance difference, and the specific process is as follows: analyzing the final expression of the bit error rate, deducing the symmetry relation of the two expressions about the concentration, and finally concluding that under the condition that the same limited energy is input to form an imperfect transmitting end, no matter which molecule is moved, the higher the concentration of the moved molecule, the lower the bit error rate of the formed transmitting end. That is, in the process of designing a binary molecular communication system, the method of inputting energy to the molecule with higher concentration to move it and change the concentration distribution to form an imperfect transmitting end is adopted, which reduces the bit error rate under the limited energy and improves the energy efficiency of the system.

[0124] To verify the above conclusion, the present application carries out matlab simulation, and the results are shown in Figure 4 、 Figure 5 and Figure 6 , and the simulation conditions are as follows.

[0125]

[0126]

[0127] Among them Figure 4 、 Figure 5 respectively show the relationship between the energy consumption of moving k1 and k2 molecules and the bit error rate under different initial concentrations, wherein the initial concentration of k2 is selected as 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7.

[0128] As can be seen from Figure 4 and Figure 5 , under different initial concentrations, as the energy consumption increases, the bit error rate decreases, because more energy consumption can move more molecules, thereby changing the concentration distribution of the molecules in the molecule stream emitted by the transmitting end, increasing the probability P(Y=0|X=0) and P(Y=1|X=1) that the information is correctly judged, and thus reducing the bit error rate.

[0129] Further, from Figure 4 , it can be seen that when k1 molecules are moved to form an imperfect transmitting end, 1) under the same energy consumption, the higher the concentration of k2 molecules, the higher the bit error rate; 2) if the same bit error rate standard is to be reached, the higher the concentration of k2 molecules, the greater the energy consumption required.

[0130] Further, from Figure 5 , it can be seen that when k2 molecules are moved to form an imperfect transmitting end, 1) under the same energy consumption, the higher the concentration of k2 molecules, the lower the bit error rate; 2) if the same bit error rate standard is to be reached, the higher the concentration of k2 molecules, the smaller the energy consumption required.

[0131] Figure 6The relationship between the initial concentration of k2 and the bit error rate is shown when moving different molecules under the same energy consumption conditions, where the fixed energy input is 0.875 × 10⁻⁶. (-16) J. The graph shows that the relationship between bit error rate and concentration varies with c when moving different molecules. k =0.5 is symmetrical, which is consistent with the derived calculation. Regarding c k =0.5 is consistent with the strictly even symmetric result.

[0132] When wheat leaves are infected with stripe rust, numerous stripe rust fungi are distributed between the leaf cells. The concentration of these fungi determines the severity of the wheat stripe rust. This invention utilizes a high-energy-efficiency binary molecular communication method based on an imperfect transmitter. By deploying nanomachines between wheat leaf cells to build a molecular communication system, wheat stripe rust monitoring can be achieved. The method is as follows:

[0133] Nanomachines are deployed between wheat leaf cells. The nanomachines act as transmitters, using specific receptor proteins on their pathogen concentration sensors to chemically react with stripe rust pathogen proteins in the environment, thereby monitoring the concentration of stripe rust pathogens. The monitored information is then transmitted to a central nanomachine via a molecular communication system. The central nanomachine acts as a receiver, and the monitored information is ultimately transmitted to a monitoring center outside the wheat plant.

[0134] In this invention, nanomachines refer to tiny mechanical devices with dimensions at the nanometer (one billionth of a meter) level. In the field of molecular communication, nanomachines can be used to transmit, receive, and forward information-carrying molecules, achieving molecular-level communication. Nanomachines used for molecular communication can be divided into two categories: bio-nanomachines and artificial nanomachines. Bio-nanomachines use biomolecules as components, leveraging biological characteristics to achieve nanoscale functions. Artificial nanomachines are currently mainly designed and implemented by combining bio-inspired mechanisms with biomimetic organic materials, creating nanomachines with simple computational, storage, sensing, actuation, and communication capabilities, such as artificially synthesized cell-like structures.

[0135] The molecular communication nanomachines used in this embodiment include:

[0136] Nanoparticle transmitters: These can release information-carrying molecules in an encoded manner, serving as the transmitter in a molecular communication model.

[0137] Nanoreceivers: These can capture released information-carrying molecules and decode the encoding, acting as the receiver in a molecular communication model.

[0138] Based on the above concepts, the wheat stripe rust monitoring method of this invention can be further described in detail as follows:

[0139] 1. Constructing the non-perfect transmitter: non-biological nanomachines are injected into the wheat leaves by using nanocatheter injection, and the nanomachines can move between the leaf cells or be transferred to the target area. The non-biological nanomachines have two molecular libraries for storing information molecules, which are named as L molecular library and H molecular library. If character 1 is to be sent, molecules from the H molecular library are emitted, and if character 0 is to be sent, molecules from the L molecular library are emitted. After diffusion, the nanomachines are deployed at various positions between the leaf cells of the wheat, and the nanomachines collect two plant hormones (protein molecules) of auxin and cytokinin from the leaves. Then, the nanomachines change the distribution of the two molecules in the L molecular library and the H molecular library by releasing the energy carried by the nanomachines to move the molecules with higher concentration, so as to construct the non-perfect transmitter.

[0140] In this embodiment, the specific protein carried by the transmitter nanomachine has high affinity with the Puccinia striiformis Westendroff, and can chemically react with the Puccinia striiformis Westendroff protein in the environment, so as to realize the monitoring of the concentration of the Puccinia striiformis Westendroff.

[0141] In this embodiment, the auxin and cytokinin are information molecules for encoding information, and are only carriers of information. Other two molecules which do not react, have distribution between the leaf cells of the wheat, and are also specific binding proteins can also be used, for example, ethylene and abscisic acid.

[0142] 2. The transmitter detects the concentration of the Puccinia striiformis Westendroff: the transmitter is provided with a pathogen concentration sensor, and the receptor protein on the sensor specifically binds with the Puccinia striiformis Westendroff. Different concentrations of the Puccinia striiformis Westendroff cause different degrees of specific binding, and the sensor collects the information of different concentrations of the Puccinia striiformis Westendroff accordingly.

[0143] 3. The transmitter encodes and sends information molecules: in each communication time slot, the transmitter transmits information molecules composed of the two proteins of auxin and cytokinin according to the collected concentration of the Puccinia striiformis Westendroff, and the information molecules encode the concentration information of the Puccinia striiformis Westendroff. The specific encoding method can be: first, a threshold of the concentration of the Puccinia striiformis Westendroff is set, if the nanomachine detects that the Puccinia striiformis Westendroff in the plant exceeds the threshold, the non-perfect transmitter sends the molecular stream corresponding to character 1 from the H molecular library, and if it is detected that the threshold is not exceeded, the molecular stream corresponding to character 0 is sent from the L molecular library.

[0144] 4. The setting of the receiving end discrimination threshold: the receiving end sets the discrimination threshold of the arriving information molecules according to the change of the molecular concentration distribution before and after the non-perfect transmitter is constructed.

[0145] In this embodiment, the central nanomachine is the receiving end of the communication model, and is used to receive the information molecules sent by the remaining nanomachines. The nanomachines and the central nanomachine form a communication topology network, and multiple transmitters correspond to one receiver.

[0146] In this embodiment, the nano-machines for detecting and transmitting information molecules of the stripe rust fungus are arranged at various positions on the plant leaves. The central nano-machines are the receiving end, and the number is less and the arrangement position has no specific requirements.

[0147] 5. The receiving end detects and decodes the information molecules: when the information molecules diffuse to the receiving end, the receiving end detects the concentration of the information molecules by using its receiving antenna (a nanowire field effect transistor modified by a receptor protein having specific binding function to the systemin and the cellulin) and specific binding to the corresponding information molecules, and decodes the information content according to the set decision threshold, i.e. the concentration information of the pathogenic bacteria.

[0148] 6. Estimate the system error performance: according to the formula (21), formula (37) in the specification, the error rate of the transmitting end of the system can be calculated.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency binary molecular communication method based on an imperfect transmitter, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The first step is to collect a mixture of two molecules from the environment as information molecules and place it in a container with two molecular libraries. Initially, the total number and concentration of molecules in the two molecular libraries are the same. The second step involves consuming energy to move a molecule from one molecular library to another, causing a change in the molecular concentration in both libraries to create an imperfect transmitter. Based on the changes in molecular concentration in the two libraries when moving different molecules, the receiver is given the criteria for distinguishing between 0 and 1 characters. According to the criteria, in a time slot, the mixture formed after the molecule is moved is controlled to be released from one of the molecular libraries and received by the receiver. The two molecular libraries are the L molecular library and the H molecular library, and the two types of molecules are... , The concentrations of the two are respectively , In the initial L and H molecular libraries, The concentration of molecules is , The concentration of molecules is ,but Molecules and The initial concentration ratio of the molecules in the L molecular library and the H molecular library is both ; when When molecules are moved, the number of molecules that are moved. Much smaller than the total number of molecules in the L molecular library The total number of molecules in the H molecular library ,Right now The receiving end uses the following criteria to distinguish the information carried by molecules emitted by the transmitting end: when When molecules are moved, the number of molecules that are moved. Much smaller than the total number of molecules in the L molecular library The total number of molecules in the H molecular library ,Right now The receiving end uses the following criteria to distinguish the information carried by molecules emitted by the transmitting end: In the formula, For the moved L molecule library Molecular concentration For the moved L molecule library Molecular concentration For the moved H molecule library Molecular concentration For the moved H molecule library Molecular concentration; The third step is to determine the communication performance of the transmitter based on the statistical characteristics of the molecules released from the transmitter and the discrimination method, and then derive the molecular movement mode that meets the energy efficiency requirements of the communication system from the performance differences. The initial step involves determining the communication performance of different molecules forming the transmitter. The specific process is as follows: Total number of molecules in the emitter Given that the number of molecules in the L and H molecular libraries is equal, if the energy is constant and the initial concentrations of the two types of molecules are different, different molecules will move, forming different imperfect emitters, thus causing different energy efficiency of the molecular communication system; assume that the probability of the emitter sending 0 or 1 characters is equal. ,but: when When molecules are moved, the bit error rate used to characterize the transmitter performance is... when When molecules are moved, the bit error rate used to characterize the transmitter performance is... In the formula, The total number of molecules emitted in a certain time slot; The bit error rate expression is then approximated to further determine the communication performance of the transmitter formed by moving different molecules. The specific process is as follows: when When the molecule is moved, the final expression for the bit error rate is: when When the molecule is moved, the final expression for the bit error rate is: In the formula, Let be the probability distribution function of a normal distribution. ; The molecular movement mode that meets the energy efficiency requirements of the communication system is derived from the performance differences. The specific process is as follows: Analyze the final expression of the bit error rate, derive the symmetric relationship between the two equations with respect to concentration, and finally conclude that: under the condition of the same finite energy input to form an imperfect transmitter, regardless of which molecule is moved, the higher the concentration of the moved molecule, the lower the bit error rate of the formed transmitter.

2. The high-efficiency binary molecular communication method based on an imperfect transmitter as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In the first step, the two molecules collected from the environment do not react chemically. After contact, they mix due to diffusion, resulting in the same concentration ratio of each molecule in the two molecular libraries. In the second step, the receiving end uses a silicon nanowire field-effect transistor (SiNW FET) modified with a protein receptor as the receiving end antenna to detect the information molecules arriving at the receiving end. The protein molecules used to modify the nanowire field-effect transistor can specifically bind to the two molecules, thereby enabling the receiving end to monitor changes in molecular concentration.

3. The high-efficiency binary molecular communication method based on an imperfect transmitter as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The third step involves analyzing the relationship between limited energy input and the number of molecules moved, and analyzing the statistical characteristics of the molecules received at the receiving end. Finally, a formula for describing the relationship between the bit error rate and energy and molecule concentration is derived to characterize the system's energy efficiency. The energy efficiency of the communication system obtained by moving different molecules is compared, and a molecular movement method that can achieve a high-efficiency communication system under limited energy input is obtained.

4. A method for monitoring wheat stripe rust, implemented based on the high-efficiency binary molecular communication method based on an imperfect transmitter as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: Nanomachines are deployed between wheat leaf cells. These nanomachines act as transmitters, using specific receptor proteins on their pathogen concentration sensors to chemically react with stripe rust pathogen proteins in the environment, thereby monitoring the concentration of stripe rust pathogens. The monitored information is then transmitted to a central nanomachine via a molecular communication system. This central nanomachine acts as the receiver, ultimately transmitting the monitored information to a monitoring center outside the wheat plant.

5. The method for monitoring wheat stripe rust according to claim 4, characterized in that, The nanomachines are non-biological nanomachines, injected into wheat leaves using nanocatheters. After diffusion, the nanomachines are deployed at various locations between wheat leaf cells. The nanomachines collect two protein molecules, systemin and cytokinin, from the leaves and move the protein molecules with higher concentrations by releasing their own energy, thereby changing the distribution of the two protein molecules in two molecular libraries and constructing an imperfect emitter.

6. The method for monitoring wheat stripe rust according to claim 4, characterized in that, Within each communication time slot, the transmitter transmits information molecules composed of two proteins, systemin and cytoin, based on the collected stripe rust fungus concentration. The information molecules encode the stripe rust fungus concentration information. The encoding method is as follows: First, a stripe rust fungus concentration threshold is set. If the nanomachine detects that the stripe rust fungus in the plant exceeds the threshold, the H molecular library of the imperfect transmitter sends the molecular stream corresponding to character 1. If the threshold is not exceeded, the L molecular library sends the molecular stream corresponding to character 0.

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