Feed fatty acid compositions and their use in broiler production

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of feed additive, in particular to a feed fatty acid composition and its application in broiler production. The feed fatty acid composition comprises short-chain fatty acids and / or derivatives thereof, medium-chain fatty acids and / or derivatives thereof, and long-chain fatty acids and / or derivatives thereof; wherein the derivatives are one or more selected from salt, ester and amide; and the mass ratio of the short-chain fatty acids, the medium-chain fatty acids and the long-chain fatty acids is (7-12):(3-8):(80-90) based on the mass of the fatty acids. The feed fatty acid composition realizes the balance of short-chain, medium-chain and long-chain fatty acids, the balance of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, and the balance of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids according to the characteristics of broilers, can significantly reduce the feed-meat ratio, promote the weight gain of broilers, improve the meat quality, and improve the lipid metabolism, and has a good application prospect in the field of feed additive and feed development for broilers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of feed additive technology, and in particular to feed fatty acid compositions and their application in poultry production. Background Technology

[0002] The production performance of poultry is influenced by a variety of factors, including genetics, nutrition, immune function, stress response, environment, and feeding management methods, among which nutrition is crucial. Nutritional intervention during the poultry rearing process plays an important role in improving the production performance of poultry.

[0003] Soybean oil is currently the most commonly used feed additive in poultry farming. Adding a certain amount of soybean oil to the basal diet can not only increase the energy density of the feed, improve the growth rate and feed conversion ratio of animals, but also provide the essential fatty acids needed by farmed animals and promote their growth and development. However, despite its widespread use in the livestock industry, soybean oil may not be the most ideal choice. The high fat content and proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in soybean oil may burden the digestive system of animals, leading to indigestion and intestinal problems. Therefore, there is a need to find an affordable alternative to soybean oil that can meet the daily basal energy and nutritional needs of poultry, significantly improve their production performance, and be easily digested and absorbed by the body without causing diarrhea or indigestion.

[0004] The existing fatty acid feed additives for poultry still need to be improved in terms of promoting weight gain, reducing feed conversion ratio, and improving meat quality. Moreover, many fatty acid feed additives for poultry cannot simultaneously improve lipid metabolism in poultry. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a feed fatty acid composition and its application in poultry production.

[0006] Existing fatty acid feed additives are mostly added based on the additive's efficacy and purpose, as well as the functional preferences of different fatty acids (e.g., long-chain fatty acids are more suitable for rapid weight gain, short-chain fatty acids mainly have anti-inflammatory effects, and unsaturated fatty acids are mostly used to prepare special enriched agricultural by-products, etc.). However, they often neglect the synergistic and complementary effects of different fatty acids and the balance between them. This invention uses broiler chickens as the research object. By compounding short, medium, and long-chain fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, and unsaturated fatty acids, as well as ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids under specific ratios, the various fatty acids achieve a precise balance and better exert their synergistic effects, resulting in a significant improvement in the performance enhancement of poultry (especially broiler chickens) by fatty acid feed additives.

[0007] Specifically, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a feed fatty acid composition comprising the following (1), (2) and (3):

[0009] (1) Short-chain fatty acids and / or their derivatives;

[0010] (2) Medium-chain fatty acids and / or their derivatives;

[0011] (3) Long-chain fatty acids and / or their derivatives;

[0012] The derivative is selected from one or more salts, esters, and amides;

[0013] In the composition, the mass ratio of short-chain fatty acids, medium-chain fatty acids and long-chain fatty acids, based on the mass of fatty acids, is (7-12):(3-8):(80-90).

[0014] In this invention, "fatty acid by mass" refers to the sum of the mass of the fatty acids contained in the composition and the mass of the fatty acids contained in the fatty acid derivatives contained in the composition. For example, if a short-chain fatty acid ester is added, the amount of short-chain fatty acid added is calculated based on the amount of short-chain fatty acid ester added and its short-chain fatty acid content. If a mixture of short-chain fatty acids and short-chain fatty acid esters is added, the amount of short-chain fatty acid added, converted from the short-chain fatty acid ester, is calculated based on the amount of short-chain fatty acid ester added and its short-chain fatty acid content. Then, the sum of the amount of short-chain fatty acid added, converted from the short-chain fatty acid ester, and the amount of short-chain fatty acid added is calculated.

[0015] In this invention, the esters include glycerides (such as monoglycerides, diglycerides, and triglycerides), ethyl esters, etc.

[0016] Preferably, in the composition, the mass ratio of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids is (25-40):(60-75), based on the mass of fatty acids.

[0017] Preferably, in the composition, the mass ratio of ω-3 fatty acids to ω-6 fatty acids is (3-8):(30-45) based on the mass of fatty acids.

[0018] Based on controlling the ratio of short, medium, and long-chain fatty acids, controlling the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids, as well as the ratio of ω-3 fatty acids and ω-6 fatty acids in the composition within the above-mentioned range is more conducive to improving the performance of poultry production. Compared with the traditional addition of soybean oil or palm oil, it has obvious advantages.

[0019] In this invention, the short-chain fatty acid is a fatty acid with 6 or fewer carbon atoms, such as valeric acid, butyric acid, and propionic acid.

[0020] In some embodiments of the invention, the short-chain fatty acids are provided by specific short-chain fatty acid glycerides.

[0021] The medium-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with 6-12 carbon atoms, such as lauric acid and decanoic acid, which can be provided by specific fatty acid glycerides or by coconut oil, soybean oil, etc.

[0022] The long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with more than 12 carbon atoms, including palmitic acid, stearic acid, and myristic acid, which can be provided by vegetable or animal oils such as palm oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, cottonseed oil, and coconut oil.

[0023] The unsaturated fatty acids are fatty acids containing double bonds, and the saturated fatty acids are fatty acids that do not contain double bonds.

[0024] In this invention, saturated fatty acids include short-chain saturated fatty acids, medium-chain saturated fatty acids, and long-chain saturated fatty acids. Therefore, the content of saturated fatty acids is the sum of the contents of short-chain saturated fatty acids, medium-chain saturated fatty acids, and long-chain saturated fatty acids. Similarly, unsaturated fatty acids include short-chain unsaturated fatty acids, medium-chain unsaturated fatty acids, and long-chain unsaturated fatty acids. Therefore, the content of unsaturated fatty acids is the sum of the contents of short-chain unsaturated fatty acids, medium-chain unsaturated fatty acids, and long-chain unsaturated fatty acids.

[0025] The ω-3 fatty acids include alpha-linolenic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and DPA(n-3), which can be provided by flaxseed oil, fish oil, algal oil, etc.

[0026] The ω-6 fatty acids include gamma-linolenic acid, linoleic acid (LA), and arachidonic acid, which can be provided by cottonseed oil, fish oil, algal oil, and arachidonic acid oils.

[0027] Preferably, based on the mass of fatty acids, the composition comprises: 7-12 parts of short-chain fatty acids, 3-8 parts of medium-chain fatty acids, and 80-90 parts of long-chain fatty acids; wherein the mass ratio of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids is (30-40):(60-70), and the mass ratio of ω-3 fatty acids to ω-6 fatty acids is (3-8):(30-40).

[0028] More preferably, based on 100 parts of total fatty acids contained in the composition, it includes 7-10 parts of short-chain fatty acids, 3-6 parts of medium-chain fatty acids, and 85-87 parts of long-chain fatty acids; wherein the mass ratio of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids is (32-37):(63-67), and the mass ratio of ω-3 fatty acids to ω-6 fatty acids is (4-8):(33-37).

[0029] The fatty acids in the above composition can be provided in the form of fatty acid derivatives or oil raw materials, including vegetable oils (soybean oil, palm oil, coconut oil, algae oil), animal oils (fish oil), functional oils (phospholipid oil, glyceryl tartrate, monoglyceride laurate), etc.

[0030] If the fatty acids are provided by fatty acid derivatives or oil raw materials, the amount of fatty acid derivatives or oil raw materials in the composition can be calculated based on the fatty acid content corresponding to the derivatives or oil raw materials and the ratio of the amounts of the fatty acids.

[0031] Preferably, in the composition, the total mass of short-chain fatty acids, short-chain fatty acid derivatives, medium-chain fatty acids, medium-chain fatty acid derivatives, long-chain fatty acids, and long-chain fatty acid derivatives accounts for at least 10% of the mass of the composition.

[0032] If the fatty acids are provided by oil raw materials (such as animal fats, vegetable oils, functional oils, etc.), it is preferable to control the total amount of fatty acids and their derivatives in the composition within the above-mentioned range.

[0033] In some embodiments of the present invention, the fatty acid components provided in the composition include tributyric acid esters, coconut oil, soybean oil, palm oil, and algal oil.

[0034] In some embodiments of the present invention, the composition comprises the following components: 5-15 parts of tributyric acid glyceride, 3-8 parts of coconut oil, 50-70 parts of soybean oil, 10-20 parts of palm oil, and 1-4 parts of algal oil. In the composition, the mass ratio of short-chain fatty acids, medium-chain fatty acids, and long-chain fatty acids is (7-12):(3-8):(80-90); wherein the mass ratio of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids is (25-40):(60-75), and the mass ratio of ω-3 fatty acids to ω-6 fatty acids is (3-8):(30-45).

[0035] Secondly, the present invention provides the application of the above-described feed fatty acid composition in the preparation of feed or feed additives.

[0036] Thirdly, the present invention provides a feed additive comprising the above-described feed fatty acid composition.

[0037] In some embodiments of the present invention, the feed additive is an emulsion, powder, or oil. A fatty acid-balanced emulsion is preferred. The feed additive of the present invention not only provides poultry with essential fatty acids that they cannot synthesize themselves, but also, due to the certain proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in the oil phase, promotes protein synthesis, thus better promoting animal production and playing a very important role in maintaining animal health and production performance.

[0038] Among them, the oil is a mixture of oils formulated from different oil raw materials according to the balanced composition of fatty acids.

[0039] Powder is a solid dosage form obtained by adding emulsifiers, fillers, antioxidants and other raw materials to the obtained mixed oils and then spray drying.

[0040] Fatty acid balanced emulsions are emulsions prepared based on fatty acid balance. Essentially, they are mixtures of water and various oil phases stabilized by emulsifiers. Balanced emulsions consist of tiny oil droplets dispersed in an aqueous phase, with a particle size between 2 and 10 μm. These small oil particles are more easily absorbed by the intestines of farmed animals, enhancing energy supply. Adding balanced emulsions to the basal diet of poultry improves the bioavailability of oils and has a significant effect on improving the intestinal health and production performance of poultry. Preferably, the fatty acid balanced emulsion, in addition to containing a feed-grade fatty acid composition, also contains water and an emulsifier.

[0041] In some embodiments of the present invention, the fatty acid balanced milk comprises 20-85 parts of a feed-grade fatty acid composition, 40-60 parts of water, and 1-5 parts of an emulsifier.

[0042] Preferably, the emulsifier comprises 0.5-1% sodium citrate, 0.5-2% mono- and diglycerides, and the balance modified starch.

[0043] The present invention has found that using the above-mentioned emulsifier can reduce emulsion breakage and improve the uniformity and stability of the emulsion.

[0044] The preparation method of the above-mentioned fatty acid balanced emulsion includes: first preparing an oil phase and an aqueous phase separately, then mixing the oil phase and the aqueous phase and performing shear emulsification.

[0045] In some embodiments of the present invention, a method for preparing the fatty acid balanced milk described above is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0046] (1) Mix glyceryl tartrate, coconut oil, soybean oil, palm oil and algal oil evenly and use a mixer to mix to obtain a mixed oil phase;

[0047] (2) Mix water with emulsifier and shear using a shearing machine to obtain an aqueous phase;

[0048] (3) Add the mixed oil phase to the aqueous phase and shear to obtain an emulsion.

[0049] Fourthly, the present invention provides a feed comprising the above-described feed fatty acid composition or the above-described feed additives.

[0050] Preferably, the feed additive in the feed has a mass percentage of 0.5-5%.

[0051] Fifthly, the present invention provides any one of the following applications of the above-described feed fatty acid composition, the feed additive, or the feed:

[0052] (1) Application in animal husbandry;

[0053] (2) Application in improving animal production performance and / or reducing animal mortality.

[0054] Preferably, the animal is a poultry.

[0055] More preferably, the animal is a broiler chicken.

[0056] Preferably, the improvement in animal production performance is selected from one or more of the following: reducing feed conversion ratio, increasing feed utilization, promoting weight gain, improving meat quality, reducing abdominal fat accumulation, promoting muscle growth, promoting lipid metabolism, improving liver metabolic function, and improving kidney metabolic function.

[0057] The above-described feed fatty acid composition, feed additive, or feed can be used as functional feed for poultry to improve poultry production performance, reduce feed conversion ratio, promote poultry weight gain, improve feed utilization, improve meat quality, reduce abdominal fat accumulation, and promote muscle growth. At the same time, by improving lipid metabolism and the metabolic function of organs such as the liver and kidneys, it can improve the health status of poultry, thereby reducing poultry breeding costs and enhancing poultry production potential.

[0058] In a sixth aspect, the present invention provides a method for feeding animals, the method comprising: feeding animals with the above-described feed fatty acid composition or the feed additive or the feed.

[0059] Preferably, the animal is a poultry.

[0060] More preferably, the animal is a broiler chicken.

[0061] Preferably, the feeding is daily.

[0062] The beneficial effects of this invention include at least the following: the feed fatty acid composition provided by this invention has a balanced and reasonable ratio of short-chain fatty acids, medium-chain fatty acids, and long-chain fatty acids, as well as saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, and ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids. It achieves a balance of short, medium, and long-chain fatty acids, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, and ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids, specifically tailored to the characteristics of poultry. Compared with traditional soybean oil / palm oil as feed additives, it is more conducive to reducing the feed conversion ratio, promoting poultry weight gain, improving feed utilization, improving meat quality, reducing abdominal fat accumulation, and promoting muscle growth. At the same time, it improves the health status of poultry by improving lipid metabolism and the metabolic function of organs such as the liver and kidneys. While reducing feed costs, it improves the production performance of poultry and has good application prospects in the field of feed additives and feed development for poultry. Detailed Implementation

[0063] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0064] Example 1

[0065] This embodiment provides a feed fatty acid composition comprising short-chain fatty acids, medium-chain fatty acids, and long-chain fatty acids, wherein the proportion of short-chain fatty acids is 9.9%, the proportion of medium-chain fatty acids is 3.22%, and the proportion of long-chain fatty acids is 86.66%; the proportion of saturated fatty acids is 32.91%, the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids is 66.87%; the proportion of ω-3 fatty acids is 4.85%, and the proportion of ω-6 fatty acids is 36.28%.

[0066] The fatty acids in the feed fatty acid composition are provided by tributyric acid ester, coconut oil, soybean oil, palm oil, and algal oil. The specific fatty acid composition of the feed fatty acid composition is shown in Table 1 (the fatty acid content in Table 1 was obtained by gas chromatography analysis. Due to the presence of trace impurities in gas chromatography analysis, and the fact that some fatty acids with very low content (area ratio less than 0.01) are not listed in the table, the total content of each fatty acid is not 100%, but the resulting error is within the conventionally acceptable range and does not affect the overall scheme).

[0067] Table 1

[0068] fatty acid Quality percentage (%) C4:0 9.90 C6:0 0.03 C8:0 0.40 C10:0 0.32 C12:0 2.47 C14:0 1.34 C16:0 15.81 C16:1 0.48 C18:0 3.98 C18:1 23.74 C18:2 36.26 C18:3 4.32 C20:1 0.11 C20:4 0.03 C20:5 0.17 C22:1 0.05 C22:2 0.02 C22:6 0.36 total 99.78

[0069] Example 2

[0070] This embodiment provides a feed fatty acid composition comprising short-chain fatty acids, medium-chain fatty acids, and long-chain fatty acids, wherein the proportion of short-chain fatty acids is 7.54%, the proportion of medium-chain fatty acids is 5.79%, and the proportion of long-chain fatty acids is 85.69%; the proportion of saturated fatty acids is 36.13%, the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids is 63.65%; the proportion of ω-3 fatty acids is 7.41%, and the proportion of ω-6 fatty acids is 33.18%.

[0071] The fatty acids in the feed fatty acid composition are provided by tributyric acid ester, coconut oil, soybean oil, palm oil, and algal oil. The specific fatty acid composition of the feed fatty acid composition is shown in Table 2 (the fatty acid content in Table 2 was obtained by gas chromatography analysis. Due to the presence of trace impurities in gas chromatography analysis and the fact that some fatty acids with very low content (area ratio less than 0.01) are not listed in the table, the total content of each fatty acid is not 100%, but the resulting error is within the conventionally acceptable range and does not affect the overall scheme).

[0072] Table 2

[0073]

[0074]

[0075] Example 3

[0076] This embodiment provides a fatty acid balanced milk, which contains the feed fatty acid composition of Example 1, water and emulsifier, wherein the feed fatty acid composition accounts for 50%, the emulsifier accounts for 2.5%, and water is the balance; the emulsifier has the following composition: sodium citrate 0.5%, mono- and diglycerides 1%, modified starch is the balance.

[0077] The preparation method of the above-mentioned fatty acid balanced milk includes the following steps:

[0078] (1) Mix glyceryl tartrate, coconut oil, soybean oil, palm oil and algae oil evenly, and shear them using a shearing machine (6000 rpm / min, 10 min) to obtain a mixed oil phase, and let it stand for later use;

[0079] (2) Stir and mix hot water (60-65℃) with emulsifier, and shear using a shearing machine (6000rpm / min, 10min) to obtain the aqueous phase, and let it stand for later use;

[0080] (3) Add the mixed oil phase to the water phase and shear at a speed of 8000 rpm / min for 10-15 min to obtain the final product.

[0081] Example 4

[0082] This embodiment provides a fatty acid balanced milk, which contains the feed fatty acid composition of Example 2, water and emulsifier, wherein the feed fatty acid composition accounts for 50%, the emulsifier accounts for 2.5%, and water is the balance; the emulsifier has the following composition: sodium citrate 1%, mono- and diglycerides 2%, modified starch is the balance.

[0083] The preparation method of the above-mentioned balanced milk is the same as that in Example 3.

[0084] Comparative Example 1

[0085] This comparative example provides a fatty acid balanced milk, which comprises a feed-grade fatty acid composition, water, and an emulsifier, wherein the feed-grade fatty acid composition accounts for 50%, the emulsifier accounts for 2.5%, and water is the balance; the emulsifier has the following composition: sodium citrate 0.5%, mono- and diglycerides 1%, and modified starch as the balance.

[0086] The feed fatty acid composition in this comparative example contains short-chain fatty acids, medium-chain fatty acids, and long-chain fatty acids, wherein short-chain fatty acids account for 9.50%, medium-chain fatty acids account for 13.90%, and long-chain fatty acids account for 76.25%; saturated fatty acids account for 45.42%, unsaturated fatty acids account for 53.22%; ω-3 fatty acids account for 6.50%, and ω-6 fatty acids account for 29.14%.

[0087] The preparation method of the above-mentioned balanced milk is the same as that in Example 3.

[0088] The fatty acids in the feed fatty acid composition are provided by soybean oil, palm oil, algae oil, coconut oil, and tartrate. The specific fatty acid composition of the feed fatty acid composition is shown in Table 3 (the fatty acid content in Table 3 was obtained by gas chromatography analysis. Due to the presence of trace impurities in gas chromatography analysis and the fact that some fatty acids with very low content (area ratio less than 0.02) are not listed in the table, the total content of each fatty acid is not 100%, but the resulting error is within the conventionally acceptable range and does not affect the overall scheme).

[0089] Table 3

[0090]

[0091]

[0092] Experimental Example

[0093] This experiment used broiler chickens as the feeding subjects to test the effect of fatty acid balanced milk from each embodiment on the production performance of broiler chickens.

[0094] 1. Experimental Design

[0095] Two hundred and sixty one-day-old AA broilers were randomly selected and divided into four treatments, with 12 replicates per treatment and 45 chickens per replicate. The experiment lasted for 42 days.

[0096] The basic diet for broilers consists of 55.3% corn, 38% soybean meal, 3% soybean oil, and the remainder is premixed feed.

[0097] The experimental groups and diets are shown in Table 4. The balanced milk was directly mixed into the basal diet. The fatty acid composition of soybean oil is shown in Table 5.

[0098] Table 4. Experimental Groups and Diets

[0099]

[0100] Table 5

[0101]

[0102]

[0103] 2. Feeding and Management

[0104] The experiment was conducted in two phases: 1–21 days and 22–42 days. The experimental chickens were cage-raised with free access to feed and water. The temperature was 33–35°C in the first week, decreasing by 2–3°C each week until it reached 26°C. Immunization was performed according to the standard immunization program for chicken farms until the end of the experiment.

[0105] 3. Indicator Measurement

[0106] 3.1 Growth performance

[0107] During the experiment, the health status of the chickens was observed daily, and feed consumption was recorded daily on a repeat basis. Fasting body weight of the broilers was measured at 21 and 42 days of age, and the average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed conversion ratio (F / G) were calculated.

[0108] 3.2 Muscle quality

[0109] Before the end of the experiment, five broiler chickens were randomly selected for slaughter in each replicate. Approximately 20g of breast muscle was harvested for subsequent indicator testing.

[0110] pH determination: The pH value of broiler muscle was measured using a pH meter (such as an acidity meter). The pH value of the muscle was measured at 45 minutes and 24 hours after slaughter.

[0111] Shear force determination: The shear force of chicken muscle was measured using a meat tenderness tester.

[0112] The color parameters of the muscle, L (brightness), a (redness), and b (yellowness), were measured using a colorimeter.

[0113] Moisture loss in broiler muscle was measured during storage periods of 1 day, 3 days, and 5 days.

[0114] 3.3 Serum collection and index determination

[0115] On day 21 of the experiment, 5 mL of blood was collected from the wing vein using a vacuum blood collection tube. The blood was centrifuged at 3000 r / min and 4℃ for 10 min. The supernatant was aliquoted into clean EP tubes and stored at -20℃ for subsequent serum biochemical analysis.

[0116] Serum biochemical indicators, including total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), glucose (GLU), calcium (Ca), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), were measured using a fully automated biochemical analyzer (Hitachi HITEC-7100).

[0117] 3.4 Statistical Analysis

[0118] One-way ANOVA was performed using the General Linear Model (GLM) in SPSS 23.0 software, followed by Duncan's multiple comparison analysis for multiple comparisons. Statistical results were defined as P < 0.05 as significant and 0.05 ≤ P < 0.10 as indicative of a trend. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation.

[0119] 4. Results Analysis

[0120] 4.1 Effects of Fatty Acid Balanced Milk on Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens

[0121] The results are shown in Table 6.

[0122] Table 6. Effects of fatty acid-balanced milk on broiler growth performance

[0123]

[0124] Note: No letter or the same letter in the superscript of the same row indicates no significant difference (P>0.05), while different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05). The same applies to the following table.

[0125] As shown in Table 6, compared with the control group (CON), the feed conversion ratio of broilers in group T1 was significantly lower by 0.089 (P<0.05) from day 1 to 21, and the average daily weight gain was significantly higher by 1.7g (P<0.05); the average daily weight gain was significantly higher by 4.4g from day 22 to 42 (P<0.05). Compared with the control group (CON), the feed conversion ratio of broilers in group T2 was significantly lower by 0.061 (P<0.05) from day 1 to 21, and the average daily weight gain was significantly higher by 1.3g (P<0.05); the average daily weight gain was significantly higher by 4.1g from day 22 to 42 (P<0.05). The increased daily weight gain from day 22 to 42 shortened the time to reach market weight and saved on feeding costs. Compared with the control group, the feed conversion ratio of T3 group broilers did not decrease significantly from day 1 to day 21, and the average daily weight gain did not increase significantly; from day 22 to day 42, there were no significant changes in any growth performance indicators (P>0.05).

[0126] 4.2 Effects of Fatty Acid Balanced Milk on the Muscle Quality of Broiler Chickens

[0127] pH measurement results showed that the pH values ​​of the muscles in the T1 / T2 / T3 groups, which were replaced with soybean oil, did not change significantly compared with the control group at 45 min and 24 h (P>0.05). Meanwhile, the muscle water loss experiment results showed that, compared with the control group, the T1, T2 and T3 groups had no significant effect on the muscle water retention on day 1, day 3 and day 5 (P>0.05).

[0128] The shear force measurement results (Table 7) showed that the shear forces of groups T1 and T2 were 15.60 N and 11.89 N lower than the control group, respectively (P<0.05), indicating a significant reduction in shear force. However, the shear force of group T3 was 5.28 N lower than the control group, showing no significant change (P>0.05). These results indicate that groups T1 and T2 significantly improved the tenderness of the chicken.

[0129] Table 7. Effects of Fatty Acid Balanced Milk on Muscle Quality

[0130]

[0131] 4.3 Effects of Fatty Acid Balanced Milk on Serum Biochemical Indicators of Broiler Chickens

[0132] The results are shown in Table 8.

[0133] Table 8. Effects of fatty acid balanced milk on serum biochemical parameters of 21-day-old broilers

[0134]

[0135] The results showed that, compared with the control group, there were no significant differences in serum TP, ALB, and GLU levels in 21-day-old broilers in group T1 (P>0.05); there were also no significant differences in ALT, ALP, AST, and LDH levels (P>0.05); serum TC, TG, and BUN levels in group T1 were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and GGT and CK enzyme activities were also significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, there were no significant effects on serum TP, ALB, and GLU levels in group T2 (P>0.05); there were also no significant differences in ALT, AST, and LDH activities (P>0.05); serum TC, TG, and BUN levels in group T2 were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and ALP, GGT, and CK enzyme activities were also significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, there were no significant differences in TP, ALB, GLU, and BUN levels in broilers in group T3 (P>0.05); there were also no significant differences in ALT, ALP, AST, LDH, CK activity, and GGT enzyme activity (P>0.05); serum TC and TG levels in group T3 were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The results indicate that liver damage indicators in broilers were significantly reduced in both groups T1 and T2.

[0136] 4.4 Effects of Fatty Acid Balanced Milk on Organ Index of Broiler Chickens

[0137] The results are shown in Table 9.

[0138] Table 9. Effects of fatty acid-balanced milk on organ index in broilers.

[0139]

[0140] As shown in Table 9, at 42 days of age, compared with the control group, the abdominal fat index of both T1 and T2 groups was significantly lower (P<0.05). Abdominal fat affects muscle conversion rate, and the two are inversely related. Therefore, the lower the abdominal fat, the better.

[0141] 5. Experimental Conclusions

[0142] In summary, the fatty acid balanced milk of this invention can increase the daily weight gain of broilers and reduce the feed conversion ratio in both the early and late stages. Throughout the entire stage, the absolute value of the feed conversion ratio decreases while the daily weight gain increases significantly, indicating that the fatty acid balanced milk effectively improves the production performance of broilers by increasing daily weight gain and reducing the feed conversion ratio. The fatty acid balanced milk also improves the tenderness of broiler muscle, indicating that it can improve meat quality characteristics and make the muscle more tender. Furthermore, the fatty acid balanced milk significantly reduces abdominal fat deposition in broilers, manifested as a significant decrease in the abdominal fat index, indicating that the balanced milk can effectively reduce the accumulation of abdominal fat in broilers and increase muscle conversion rate. According to serum biochemical index detection results, feeding with the balanced milk resulted in a decrease in total cholesterol, triglycerides, and GGT enzyme activity, as well as a decrease in urea nitrogen, γ-glutamyl transferase, and creatine kinase activity. This indicates that at the metabolic level, the balanced milk promotes lipid metabolism and improves the metabolic function of organs such as the liver and kidneys.

[0143] In addition, in terms of economic benefits, besides improving the production performance of broilers, feeding the fatty acid balanced milk of the present invention can replace part of the dry matter such as soybean meal and soybean oil with emulsion, reducing the amount of material used by half, and generating higher economic benefits in terms of feed input-output ratio.

[0144] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fatty acid composition for broiler chickens, characterized in that, The composition comprises the following (1), (2) and (3): (1) Short-chain fatty acids and / or their derivatives; (2) Medium-chain fatty acids and / or their derivatives; (3) Long-chain fatty acids and / or their derivatives; The derivative is selected from one or more salts, esters, and amides; In the composition, the mass ratio of short-chain fatty acids, medium-chain fatty acids and long-chain fatty acids is (7-12):(3-8):(80-90) based on the mass of fatty acids; the mass ratio of saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids is (25-40):(60-75); and the mass ratio of ω-3 fatty acids to ω-6 fatty acids is (3-8):(30-45).

2. The fatty acid composition for broilers according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the mass of fatty acids, the composition comprises: 7-12 parts of short-chain fatty acids, 3-8 parts of medium-chain fatty acids, and 80-90 parts of long-chain fatty acids; wherein the mass ratio of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids is (30-40):(60-70), and the mass ratio of ω-3 fatty acids to ω-6 fatty acids is (3-8):(30-40).

3. The fatty acid composition for broilers according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, In the composition, the total mass of short-chain fatty acids, short-chain fatty acid derivatives, medium-chain fatty acids, medium-chain fatty acid derivatives, long-chain fatty acids, and long-chain fatty acid derivatives accounts for at least 10% of the mass of the composition.

4. The use of the fatty acid composition for broilers according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in the preparation of feed or feed additives.

5. A feed additive for broilers, characterized in that, The feed additive comprises the fatty acid composition for broilers as described in any one of claims 1 to 3.

6. The broiler feed additive according to claim 5, characterized in that, The feed additive is an emulsion, oil, or powder.

7. A broiler feed, characterized in that, The feed comprises the fatty acid composition for broilers as described in any one of claims 1 to 3 or the feed additive as described in claim 5 or 6.

8. The broiler feed according to claim 7, characterized in that, The feed additive in the feed has a mass percentage of 0.5-5%.

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