Foundation pit monitoring array distributed composite self-powered sensor
By utilizing a nanomaterial friction layer and slider vibration to generate current in a distributed composite self-powered sensor in a pit monitoring array, combined with ring support and coil movement, the problem of insufficient output power of the self-powered sensor is solved, achieving more efficient energy harvesting and drill bit vibration frequency measurement.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HUBEI COMM PLANNING & DESIGN INST CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2023-10-25
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-19
AI Technical Summary
The output power of the self-powered sensor is too small to drive multiple components, and its energy harvesting efficiency is low.
A distributed composite self-powered sensor for foundation pit monitoring array was designed. It utilizes the contact between the nanomaterial friction layer on the guide rod and the metal electrode to generate current. Combined with the vibration of the slider, it drives the movement of the ring support and coil, generating electrical energy through frictional electricity generation and changes in magnetic flux, storing and outputting greater power.
The increased output power of the sensor enables more efficient power supply to multiple components, achieving accurate measurement of the drill bit vibration frequency.
Smart Images
Figure CN117661645B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of foundation pit vibration monitoring sensor equipment technology, and in particular to a distributed composite self-powered sensor array for foundation pit monitoring. Background Technology
[0002] Triboelectric nanogenerators have gained increasing attention from scholars in the field of construction vibration measurement. Their self-powered and self-sensing characteristics eliminate the dependence on power sources found in traditional sensors. Most self-powered vibration sensors have an internal spring-oscillator system, which moves in response to external inputs, but these systems are often limited by size. Furthermore, considering the insufficient output power of existing self-powered sensors to drive multiple components, improving the energy harvesting efficiency and output power of self-powered sensors is urgently needed. Summary of the Invention
[0003] In view of this, in order to solve the problem of insufficient output power of the self-powered sensor, the embodiments of the present invention provide a distributed composite self-powered sensor for pit monitoring array.
[0004] Embodiments of the present invention provide a distributed composite self-powered sensor array for foundation pit monitoring, comprising:
[0005] shell;
[0006] A guide rod is fixedly installed inside the housing. The guide rod is vertically arranged and has a first nanomaterial friction layer on its surface.
[0007] An elastic element, which is vertically disposed within the outer casing;
[0008] A slider is disposed inside the housing and connected to the elastic element, and has a sliding hole in the middle. A first metal electrode is provided on the inner wall of the sliding hole. The guide rod passes through the sliding hole. The first nanomaterial friction layer is in contact with the first metal electrode. The slider can slide along the guide rod. The slider includes a first sector block and a second sector block connected together. The first sector block has a plurality of arc-shaped grids. Each grid is spaced apart along the radial direction of the sliding hole. A second metal electrode is provided on both opposite sides of the inner wall of each grid. The second sector block has a plurality of coils.
[0009] Multiple annular supports are provided, each annular support is coaxially arranged, each annular support is fixedly arranged, an annular space is formed between two adjacent annular supports, each annular support has a second nanomaterial friction layer on its outer and inner walls, each grid is passed through by one annular support, each second nanomaterial friction layer is in contact with a second metal electrode, and the grid can slide vertically along the annular support.
[0010] And two magnets, which are fixedly arranged and face each other, with the magnetic poles of the two magnets facing opposite directions at their opposite ends, and each coil is located between the two magnets.
[0011] Furthermore, the thickness of the first sector block is greater than the thickness of the second sector block, the upper and lower surfaces of the second sector block are concave relative to the first sector block, and each coil is respectively disposed on the upper and lower surfaces of the second sector block.
[0012] Furthermore, each of the annular supports has multiple second nanomaterial friction layers on its outer and inner walls, and each second nanomaterial friction layer is spaced apart along the vertical direction; each of the grids has multiple second metal electrodes on opposite sides of its inner wall, and each second metal electrode is spaced apart along the vertical direction.
[0013] Furthermore, a third metal electrode is provided on the surface of the guide rod, and the first nanomaterial friction layer is disposed on the surface of the third metal electrode. A fourth metal electrode is provided on the outer and inner walls of each annular support, and the second nanomaterial friction layer is disposed on the surface of the fourth metal electrode.
[0014] Furthermore, the central angle of the first sector block is larger than the central angle of the second sector block.
[0015] Furthermore, the cross-section of the magnet has the same shape as the cross-section of the second sector block.
[0016] Furthermore, the elastic element is two springs, and the two spring sleeves are respectively disposed on the guide rod. One spring is fixedly connected to the top of the outer shell at its upper end and to the upper surface of the slider at its lower end, while the other spring is fixedly connected to the bottom of the outer shell at its lower end and to the lower surface of the slider at its upper end.
[0017] Furthermore, the width of the first nanomaterial friction layer is the same as that of the first metal electrode, and the width of the second nanomaterial friction layer is the same as that of the second metal electrode.
[0018] Furthermore, both the first metal electrode and the second metal electrode are copper electrodes.
[0019] Furthermore, the first nanomaterial friction layer and the second nanomaterial friction layer are PVDF friction layer films.
[0020] The beneficial effects of the technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present invention are as follows: A distributed composite self-powered sensor for pit monitoring array of the present invention vibrates with the drill rod, and the slider vibrates synchronously along the guide rod. The first metal electrode in the sliding hole rubs against the first nanomaterial friction layer on the surface of the guide rod to generate current. The magnitude of the current changes with the contact area between the first metal electrode and the first nanomaterial friction layer, so the vibration frequency can be reflected by the change of current. In addition, the vibration of the slider causes the second nanomaterial friction layer on the outer and inner walls of the annular support to rub against the second metal electrode in the grid to generate current. At the same time, the movement of the slider will drive the movement of each coil. The change of magnetic flux of each coil will generate current in each coil. The electrical energy generated by the friction between the second nanomaterial friction layer and the second metal electrode and the electrical energy generated by each coil are stored and used to power the sensor, which can greatly improve the output power of the sensor. Attached Figure Description
[0021] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of a distributed composite self-powered sensor array for foundation pit monitoring according to the present invention;
[0022] Figure 2 This is a front view of a distributed composite self-powered sensor array for foundation pit monitoring according to the present invention;
[0023] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of AA section in the middle;
[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the slider;
[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a ring-shaped support;
[0026] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A magnified view of a section at point B in the middle;
[0027] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the guide rod and the slider;
[0028] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the first nanomaterial friction layer and the first metal electrode.
[0029] Figure 9 This is a graph showing the trend of potential and spacing between the first nanomaterial friction layer and the first metal electrode.
[0030] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the ring support and the slider;
[0031] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the second nanomaterial friction layer and the second metal electrode.
[0032] Figure 12This is a graph showing the trend of potential and spacing between the second nanomaterial friction layer and the second metal electrode.
[0033] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the coil and the magnet;
[0034] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of a coil and a magnet.
[0035] Figure 15 This is a simulation diagram of the magnetic field of two magnets.
[0036] In the diagram: 1. Outer shell; 2. Guide rod; 3. Elastic element; 4. Slider; 5. Ring support; 6. Magnet; 7. First nanomaterial friction layer; 8. First metal electrode; 9. First sector block; 10. Second sector block; 11. Grid; 12. Second metal electrode; 13. Coil; 14. Sliding hole; 15. Second nanomaterial friction layer; 16. Fourth metal electrode; 17. Third metal electrode. Detailed Implementation
[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following description presents a preferred embodiment of the various possible embodiments of the present invention, intended to provide a basic understanding of the invention, but not intended to identify key or decisive elements of the invention or to limit the scope of protection sought.
[0038] In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values.
[0039] Techniques, methods, and equipment known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and equipment should be considered part of the specification.
[0040] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be discussed further in subsequent figures. Also, it should be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the figures are not drawn to actual scale.
[0041] It should be further noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation" and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.
[0042] Please refer to Figure 1 The present invention provides a distributed composite self-powered sensor for pit monitoring array, which is used to measure the vibration frequency during drill bit drilling. It mainly includes a housing 1, and a guide rod 2, an elastic element 3, a slider 4, multiple annular supports 5 and two magnets 6 disposed in the housing 1.
[0043] like Figure 2 and 3 As shown, considering that the distributed composite self-powered sensor of the pit monitoring array needs to be installed between the drilling tool and the drill bit, it is generally set in the form of a sealed short section. Therefore, the outer shell 1 is set in a cylindrical shape with a hollow interior.
[0044] The guide rod 2 is fixedly installed inside the outer shell 1. Generally, the guide rod 2 is installed on the axis of the outer shell 1 and kept vertical. The upper end of the guide rod 2 is fixedly connected to the top of the outer shell 1 and the lower end is fixedly connected to the bottom of the outer shell 1.
[0045] Combined Figure 7 As shown, a first nanomaterial friction layer 7 is provided on the surface of the guide rod 2, and the first nanomaterial friction layer 7 is arranged around the guide rod 2. Considering the detection of the charge on the first nanomaterial friction layer 7, a third metal electrode 17 is provided on the surface of the guide rod, and the first nanomaterial friction layer 7 is disposed on the surface of the third metal electrode 17. Here, the first nanomaterial friction layer 7 can be pre-arranged on the surface of the third metal electrode 17, and then the third metal electrode 17 can be fixed to the surface of the guide rod 2.
[0046] The elastic element 3 is vertically arranged, and the slider 4 is fixedly connected to the elastic element 3. Specifically, the elastic element 3 consists of two springs, with the two spring sleeves respectively disposed on the guide rod 2. One spring has its upper end fixedly connected to the top of the outer shell 1 and its lower end connected to the upper surface of the slider 4, while the other spring has its lower end fixedly connected to the bottom of the outer shell 1 and its upper end connected to the lower surface of the slider 4.
[0047] like Figure 4As shown, the slider 4 is approximately cylindrical, with a sliding hole 14 in the middle that penetrates the slider 4. A first metal electrode 8 is located on the inner wall of the sliding hole 14. The guide rod 2 passes through the sliding hole 14, and the first nanomaterial friction layer 7 contacts the first metal electrode 8. Typically, the width of the first nanomaterial friction layer 7 is the same as the width of the first metal electrode 8, and the contact area is maximized when the first nanomaterial friction layer 7 and the first metal electrode 8 completely overlap.
[0048] When the drill bit drives the slider 4 to vibrate, the slider 4 can slide along the guide rod 2, which changes the contact area between the first metal electrode 8 and the first metal electrode 8. This causes a change in the magnitude of the current generated by the friction between the first metal electrode 8 and the first metal electrode 8. The vibration frequency of the drill bit can be measured by detecting the change in current.
[0049] The slider 4 includes a first sector block 9 and a second sector block 10 connected together. The first sector block 9 is provided with a plurality of arc-shaped grids 11, and each grid 11 is arranged at intervals along the radial direction of the sliding hole 14. A second metal electrode 12 is provided on opposite sides of the inner wall of each grid 11.
[0050] like Figure 5 As shown, each of the annular supports 5 is coaxially arranged, i.e., arranged around the guide rod 2. The upper end of each annular support 5 is fixedly connected to the top of the outer shell 1, and the lower end is fixedly connected to the bottom of the outer shell 1, thus fixing the annular support 5 in place and forming an annular space between adjacent annular supports 5. Each annular support 5 has a second nanomaterial friction layer 15 on its outer and inner walls. Each grid 11 is passed through by an annular support 5, and each second nanomaterial friction layer 15 is in contact with a second metal electrode 12. Generally, the width of the second nanomaterial friction layer 15 is the same as that of the second metal electrode 12.
[0051] like Figure 6 As shown, considering the charge flow on the second nanomaterial friction layer 15, each of the outer and inner walls of the annular support 5 is provided with a fourth metal electrode 16, and the second nanomaterial friction layer 15 is disposed on the surface of the fourth metal electrode 16. Here, the second nanomaterial friction layer 15 can be pre-arranged on the surface of the third metal electrode 17, and then the third metal electrode 17 can be fixed to the outer or inner wall of the annular support 5.
[0052] like Figure 10As shown, when the drill bit drives the slider 4 to vibrate, the grid 11 can slide vertically along the annular support 5. The second metal electrode 12 and the second nanomaterial friction layer 15 frequently come into contact and separate, thereby generating current through friction. The stored electrical energy can power the distributed composite self-powered sensor of the pit monitoring array.
[0053] To enable greater electrical energy output from the first sector block 9 when the slider 4 vibrates, multiple second nanomaterial friction layers 15 are provided on the outer and inner walls of each annular support 5, with each second nanomaterial friction layer 15 evenly spaced along the vertical direction. Multiple second metal electrodes 12 are provided on opposite sides of the inner wall of each grid 11, with each second metal electrode 12 evenly spaced along the vertical direction. Each second metal electrode 12 corresponds to a second nanomaterial friction layer 15, forming a triboelectric power generation unit. When the slider 4 vibrates, each second metal electrode 12 generates electricity through friction with its corresponding second nanomaterial friction layer 15. All triboelectric power generation units generate electricity simultaneously, significantly increasing the power output.
[0054] The second sector block 10 contains multiple coils 13. For example... Figure 4 and 13 As shown, in this embodiment, the thickness of the first sector block 9 is greater than the thickness of the second sector block 10, the upper and lower surfaces of the second sector block 10 are concave relative to the first sector block 9, and each coil 13 is respectively disposed on the upper and lower surfaces of the second sector block 10.
[0055] The two magnets 6 are fixedly arranged and face each other vertically, with the magnetic poles at opposite ends of the two magnets 6 in opposite directions. Each coil 13 is located between the two magnets 6. Generally, the cross-section of the magnet 6 is the same as the cross-sectional shape of the second sector block 10, so that each coil 13 can be subjected to the magnetic field of the two magnets 6.
[0056] In order to arrange more second metal electrodes 12 inside the first sector block 9, the central angle of the first sector block 9 is larger than the central angle of the second sector block 10. This makes the volume of the first sector block 9 larger, allowing for more grids 11 to be set, and thus more second metal electrodes 12 to be arranged.
[0057] Furthermore, the first metal electrode 8, the second metal electrode 12, the third metal electrode 17, and the fourth metal electrode 16 are generally copper electrodes, i.e., copper sheets. The first nanomaterial friction layer 7 and the second nanomaterial friction layer 15 are generally polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) friction layer films.
[0058] like Figure 8 and 9As shown, when the distributed composite self-powered sensor of the foundation pit monitoring array is working, in the initial state, the slider 4 is in a balanced position under the action of the elastic element 3, and the first nanomaterial friction layer 7 and the first metal electrode 8 are in complete contact. Under the action of friction, positive and negative charges are induced on the surfaces of the two respectively. Figure 8 a(i)), when the drill bit drills in, the slider 4 reciprocates longitudinally along the guide rod 2, the first nanomaterial friction layer 7 slides vertically relative to the first metal electrode 8, the distance l between the first nanomaterial friction layer 7 and the first metal electrode 8 increases, the relative contact area decreases, and the induced charge on the surface of the first metal electrode 8 flows to the third gold electrode on the back of the first nanomaterial friction layer 7, forming a potential difference ( Figure 8 (ii) The potential difference reaches its maximum when the contact area is 0. Figure 8 (iii) After that, slider 4 continues to move in the original direction, and the output voltage remains unchanged. Subsequently, slider 4 returns to its original position under the action of the spring. When the relative contact area increases from 0, the transferred charge flows in the opposite direction, and the potential difference begins to decrease. Figure 8 (iv) When the relative contact area is at its maximum, the potential difference decreases to 0. Based on this, the trend of potential difference with the relative contact area is simulated. Figure 9 As can be seen, the potential difference increases continuously with the increase of the relative contact area. Within one cycle of vibration, the first nanomaterial friction layer 7 and the first metal electrode 8 output a pulse wave, thereby realizing the measurement of vibration frequency.
[0059] Furthermore, within the first sector 9 of the slider 4, each of the second metal electrodes 12 corresponds to a second nanomaterial friction layer 15 and forms a triboelectric power generation unit, and the triboelectric power generation units can be connected in parallel. For example... Figure 11 and 12 As shown, in the initial state, the second nanomaterial friction layer 15 of each of the triboelectric power generation units is in complete contact with the second metal electrode 12, and the potential difference is 0 ( Figure 11 (i) When the drill bit drills in, the two slide relative to each other, the distance l between the second nanomaterial friction layer 15 and the second metal electrode 12 increases, the transferred charge flows, a potential difference is formed and continuously increases (i) Figure 11 (ii) The potential difference reaches its maximum when the relative contact area is 0. Figure 11 (iii) Then the second nanomaterial friction layer 15 comes into contact with the adjacent second metal electrode 12, the relative contact area increases, and the potential difference decreases. Figure 11 (iv) ), until it becomes 0. Based on this, the trend of potential difference changing with relative contact area is simulated ( Figure 12Each triboelectric generator unit outputs a pulse signal, which generates output power when an external load resistor is connected, thus enabling subsequent power matching.
[0060] like Figure 14 and 15 As shown, within the second sector block 10 of the slider 4, each coil 13 forms an electromagnetic power generation unit. When the slider 4 moves, causing the coil 13 to move, the magnetic flux of the coil 13 changes. When the slider 4 moves upward, the magnetic flux through the coil 13 increases, and Lenz's law indicates that the induced current is counterclockwise. When the slider 4 moves downward, the magnetic flux through the coil 13 first decreases and then increases, and the induced current is first clockwise and then counterclockwise. Figure 14 During one vibration cycle of the drill bit, each electromagnetic power generation unit outputs an AC signal, which, after rectification, can charge a capacitor.
[0061] In this document, the directional terms such as front, back, top, and bottom are defined based on the position of the components in the accompanying drawings and their relative positions to each other, solely for the purpose of clarity and convenience in expressing the technical solution. It should be understood that these are relative concepts and can vary depending on different methods of use and placement; the use of these directional terms should not limit the scope of protection claimed in this application.
[0062] Where there is no conflict, the embodiments and features described above can be combined with each other. The above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A distributed composite self-powered sensor array for foundation pit monitoring, characterized in that, include: shell; A guide rod is fixedly installed inside the housing. The guide rod is vertically arranged and has a first nanomaterial friction layer on its surface. An elastic element, which is vertically disposed within the outer casing; A slider is disposed inside the housing and connected to the elastic element, and has a sliding hole in the middle. A first metal electrode is provided on the inner wall of the sliding hole. The guide rod passes through the sliding hole. The first nanomaterial friction layer is in contact with the first metal electrode. The slider can slide along the guide rod. The slider includes a first sector block and a second sector block connected together. The first sector block has a plurality of arc-shaped grids. Each grid is spaced apart along the radial direction of the sliding hole. A second metal electrode is provided on both opposite sides of the inner wall of each grid. The second sector block has a plurality of coils. Multiple annular supports are provided, each annular support is coaxially arranged, each annular support is fixedly arranged, an annular space is formed between two adjacent annular supports, each annular support has a second nanomaterial friction layer on its outer and inner walls, each grid is passed through by one annular support, each second nanomaterial friction layer is in contact with a second metal electrode, and the grid can slide vertically along the annular support. And two magnets, which are fixedly arranged and face each other, with the magnetic poles of the two magnets facing opposite directions at their opposite ends, and each coil is located between the two magnets.
2. The distributed composite self-powered sensor for foundation pit monitoring array as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the first sector block is greater than the thickness of the second sector block, and the upper and lower surfaces of the second sector block are concave relative to the first sector block. Each coil is respectively disposed on the upper and lower surfaces of the second sector block.
3. The distributed composite self-powered sensor for foundation pit monitoring array as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the annular supports has multiple second nanomaterial friction layers on its outer and inner walls, and each second nanomaterial friction layer is spaced apart along the vertical direction. Each of the grids has multiple second metal electrodes on opposite sides of its inner wall, and each second metal electrode is spaced apart along the vertical direction.
4. The distributed composite self-powered sensor for foundation pit monitoring array as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The guide rod surface is provided with a third metal electrode, the first nanomaterial friction layer is disposed on the surface of the third metal electrode, and the outer and inner walls of each annular support are provided with a fourth metal electrode, the second nanomaterial friction layer is disposed on the surface of the fourth metal electrode.
5. The distributed composite self-powered sensor for foundation pit monitoring array as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The central angle of the first sector block is greater than the central angle of the second sector block.
6. The distributed composite self-powered sensor for foundation pit monitoring array as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-section of the magnet has the same shape as the cross-section of the second sector block.
7. The distributed composite self-powered sensor for foundation pit monitoring array as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic element consists of two springs, with the two spring sleeves respectively disposed on the guide rod. One spring has its upper end fixedly connected to the top of the outer shell and its lower end connected to the upper surface of the slider, while the other spring has its lower end fixedly connected to the bottom of the outer shell and its upper end connected to the lower surface of the slider.
8. The distributed composite self-powered sensor for foundation pit monitoring array as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The first nanomaterial friction layer has the same width as the first metal electrode, and the second nanomaterial friction layer has the same width as the second metal electrode.
9. A distributed composite self-powered sensor for foundation pit monitoring array as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Both the first metal electrode and the second metal electrode are copper electrodes.
10. A distributed composite self-powered sensor for foundation pit monitoring array as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The first nanomaterial friction layer and the second nanomaterial friction layer are PVDF friction layer films.