Fiber optic panel for cultural and creative industries and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The application relates to a fiber panel for cultural and creative products and a preparation method and application thereof. The fiber panel comprises a plurality of optical fibers arranged in an array, the optical fiber comprises a core and a cladding layer; the core has a refractive index of 1.66-1.68; the cladding layer is coated outside the core; the cladding layer has a refractive index of 1.50-1.52, and the expansion coefficient of the cladding layer is 2-5*10 ‑7 (1 / DEG C) lower than that of the core; the method comprises the following steps: taking a glass rod with a refractive index of 1.66-1.68 as core material, nesting a glass tube with an expansion coefficient of 2-5*10 ‑7 (1 / DEG C) lower than that of the core material and matching the diameter of the core material rod as sheath material, hot melting to obtain a preform rod; performing fiber drawing and arrangement on the preform rod to obtain a multifilament rod; and performing bundling, plate drawing, mechanical processing and optical processing on the multifilament rod to obtain the fiber panel. The technical problem to be solved is to make the fiber panel free of dark spot defects with a diameter of 150 microns or above, free of chicken wire defects with a length of more than 2 mm, shear distortion less than or equal to 100 microns, snake distortion less than or equal to 100 microns, and image displacement less than or equal to 280 microns.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of cultural and creative glass material manufacturing technology, and in particular relates to a fiber optic panel for cultural and creative products, its preparation method and application. Background Technology

[0002] Fiber optic panels are made by fusion-pressing together tens or even hundreds of millions of micrometer-sized glass optical fibers in a regular arrangement, enabling high-fidelity, high-resolution, high-definition, and high-contrast image transmission. Fiber optic panels are primarily used in the fabrication of low-light night vision devices and photomultiplier devices for particle detection, and have been widely applied in many fields such as low-light night vision, electronics, aerospace, and nuclear diagnostics. They play a crucial role, especially in national defense and military applications such as nighttime combat, guidance, early warning, and optoelectronic countermeasures. As a high-tech new material, fiber optic panels possess unique properties that other natural materials cannot match, enabling the clear transmission of text or patterns from the bottom surface to the top surface, which is based on profound physical principles. In recent years, due to their unique properties, fiber optic panels have been used to create new material stamps, teaching aids, and other cultural and creative products, achieving positive results in the cultural and creative industry. The fiber optic panel seal, made of a material similar in texture to jade, is crystal clear and has an excellent tactile feel. Furthermore, it can clearly and proportionally transmit the inscription on the bottom surface to the top, overcoming the drawback of traditional seals requiring repeated orientation checks before printing. This represents a collision and fusion of high-tech materials and traditional cultural art. The image transmission principle of the fiber optic panel is based on total internal reflection. Fiber optic panel teaching aids can use visual methods to popularize the way information is transmitted through fiber optics, which is of great significance for the education of optics in junior and senior high school physics. However, the widespread application and promotion of fiber optic panels is limited by their manufacturing cost; reducing this cost is an urgent problem to be solved.

[0003] Currently, fiber optic panels are mainly used in the fabrication of low-light night vision devices and photomultiplier devices for particle detection, which have extremely high requirements for their numerical aperture (NA) and resolution. The NAV needs to be greater than or equal to 1.0 to collect light within a 180° range. The core material of the selected fiber optic panel has a refractive index of 1.81, and the cladding glass has a refractive index of 1.51; high-refractive-index core materials are expensive. Simultaneously, a resolution exceeding 125 lp / mm requires the image transmission unit of the fiber optic panel to have a wire diameter of less than 6 μm, necessitating three high-temperature drawing processes, resulting in high labor costs and a significantly reduced fiber yield. The fabrication process of fiber optic panels is complex, involving hundreds of steps, leading to persistently high processing costs. With the current material system and fabrication methods, it is difficult to effectively promote fiber optic panel-based cultural and creative products. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to provide an optical fiber panel for cultural and creative industries, its preparation method, and its application. The technical problem to be solved is to ensure that the optical fiber panel is free of dark spot defects with a diameter greater than 150 μm; free of filament defects with a length greater than 2 mm; has shear distortion less than or equal to 100 μm; has serpentine distortion less than or equal to 100 μm; and has image shift less than or equal to 280 μm, so as to meet the application requirements of optical fiber panels in the cultural and creative industries while effectively controlling the cost of the preparation process.

[0005] The objective of this invention and the technical problem it solves are achieved by the following technical solution. According to this invention, a fiber optic panel for cultural and creative applications comprises hundreds of millions of optical fibers arranged in an array, wherein each optical fiber includes a core and a cladding.

[0006] The fiber core has a refractive index between 1.66 and 1.68.

[0007] A cladding layer covers the outer side of the fiber core; the refractive index of the cladding layer is between 1.50 and 1.52, and the coefficient of thermal expansion of the cladding layer is 2 to 5 times lower than that of the fiber core. -7 (1 / ℃).

[0008] The objectives of this invention and the technical problems it addresses can be further achieved by the following technical measures.

[0009] Preferably, in the aforementioned optical fiber panel for cultural and creative products, the fiber core contains the following raw materials in parts by weight: silicon dioxide (SiO2) 35-45%; boron oxide (B2O3) 15-25%; aluminum oxide (Al2O3) 5-10%; zinc oxide (ZnO) 5-10%; calcium oxide (CaO) 4-7%; lithium oxide (Li2O) 2-5%; titanium oxide (TiO2) 5-8%; zirconium oxide (ZrO2) 6-9%; lanthanum oxide (LaO) 0-2%; bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) 5-10%; the sum of the parts by weight of the above components is 100%.

[0010] Preferably, in the aforementioned optical fiber panel for cultural and creative applications, the cladding contains the following raw materials in parts by mass: 70-74% silicon dioxide (SiO2); 0-3% aluminum oxide (Al2O3); 6-12% calcium oxide (CaO); and 12-17% sodium oxide and potassium oxide (Na2O+K2O), the sum of the parts by mass of the above components being 100%.

[0011] Preferably, in the aforementioned optical fiber panel for cultural and creative products, the numerical aperture of the optical fiber panel is 0.69 to 0.73.

[0012] Preferably, in the aforementioned optical fiber panel for cultural and creative products, the optical fiber panel is free from dark spot defects with a diameter greater than 150μm; free from filament defects with a length greater than 2mm; has shear distortion less than or equal to 100μm; has serpentine distortion less than or equal to 100μm; and has image shift less than or equal to 280μm.

[0013] Preferably, in the aforementioned optical fiber panel for cultural and creative products, the pixel diameter of the optical fiber panel is 10 to 50 μm.

[0014] The objective of this invention and the solution to its technical problem are further achieved by the following technical solution. A method for preparing a fiber optic panel for cultural and creative industries, according to this invention, includes the following steps:

[0015] S1. Preform preparation: A glass rod with a refractive index between 1.66 and 1.68 is used as the core material, and an expansion coefficient that is 2 to 5 times lower than that of the core glass is nested outside it. -7 A glass tube (1 / ℃) and whose diameter matches that of the core rod is used as the outer material, which is then hot-melted to obtain a preform rod; the refractive index of the glass tube is between 1.50 and 1.52.

[0016] S2. Fiber drawing: The preformed rod is drawn and arranged to obtain a multifilament rod;

[0017] S3. The multifilament rod is bundled, stretched, mechanically processed, and optically processed to obtain an optical fiber panel.

[0018] The objectives of this invention and the technical problems it addresses can be further achieved by the following technical measures.

[0019] Preferably, in the aforementioned preparation method, in step S1, the glass rod used as the core material is obtained through the following steps:

[0020] Weigh out the following components by weight: 35-45% silicon dioxide, 15-25% boron oxide, 5-10% aluminum oxide, 5-10% zinc oxide, 4-7% calcium oxide, 2-5% lithium oxide, 5-8% titanium oxide, 6-9% zirconium oxide, 0-2% lanthanum oxide, and 5-10% bismuth oxide. Mix them and heat to 1400-1550℃ to fully melt all components. Maintain the temperature for 5-6 hours during the melting process, stirring continuously at a speed of 8-9 rpm to ensure thorough and uniform mixing of all components, resulting in a homogeneous molten glass. At 1500-1550℃, form the molten glass into glass rods with a diameter of 30mm using a blown die. Then, anneal the rods at 500-600℃ for 2-3 hours to obtain the core glass rods.

[0021] Preferably, in the aforementioned preparation method, in step S1, the glass tube used as the outer sheath is obtained through the following steps:

[0022] Weigh out 70-74% silicon dioxide, 0-3% aluminum oxide, 6-12% calcium oxide, and 12-17% sodium oxide and potassium oxide according to the specified mass ratios. Mix thoroughly and heat the resulting mixture to 1350-1600℃, holding for 6-7 hours at a rotation speed of 10-12 rpm to ensure thorough and uniform mixing of all components, resulting in a homogeneous molten glass. Draw the molten glass into a glass tube with an inner diameter of 31.0-31.5 mm and a wall thickness of 4-5 mm at 1450-1600℃. Place the drawn glass tube in an annealing furnace and heat to 540-600℃, holding for 2-3 hours, then allow it to cool naturally to below 80℃ to complete the annealing process, thus obtaining the molten glass tube.

[0023] The objective of this invention and the solution to its technical problem are also achieved by the following technical solution. According to this invention, a fiber optic panel for a seal is provided, wherein the fiber optic panel for the seal adopts the aforementioned fiber optic panel.

[0024] The objective of this invention and the solution to its technical problem are also achieved by the following technical solution. According to this invention, a fiber optic panel for seal engraving is provided, wherein the fiber optic panel for seal engraving adopts the aforementioned fiber optic panel.

[0025] The objective of this invention and the solution to its technical problem are also achieved by the following technical solution. According to this invention, a fiber optic panel for a paperweight is provided, wherein the fiber optic panel for the paperweight adopts the aforementioned fiber optic panel.

[0026] By employing the above technical solution, the optical fiber panel for cultural and creative products proposed in this invention, its preparation method, and its application have at least the following advantages:

[0027] 1. The optical fiber panel for cultural and creative products described in this invention has no dark spot defects with a diameter greater than 150μm; no filament defects with a length greater than 2mm; shear distortion less than or equal to 100μm; serpentine distortion less than or equal to 100μm; and image shift less than or equal to 280μm. This allows for effective control of the manufacturing process cost while meeting the application requirements of optical fiber panels in the cultural and creative industry, and increases the pass rate of optical fiber panels for cultural and creative products to over 98%.

[0028] 2. The present invention produces an optical fiber panel with a resolution of not less than 11.2 lp / mm, which can clearly transmit images of millimeter size. The manufacturing cost is only 1 / 3 of that of conventional optical fiber panels, which can be effectively applied to the promotion in the cultural and creative fields and the popularization of science education tools.

[0029] 3. Compared to conventional optical fiber panel manufacturing processes, the fabrication process of this invention reduces one fiber drawing process, corresponding to one rod stacking process, one board stacking process, two bundling processes, and one hot pressing process. Therefore, the labor and equipment costs in the aforementioned fabrication processes can be eliminated. Simultaneously, the reduction in processes decreases wear and waste of the glass fiber during operation, effectively improving the utilization rate of the glass fiber and lowering production costs. Furthermore, with the increased diameter of the image transmission unit, the required drawing precision of the internal image transmission fibers is reduced, thus improving the fiber yield.

[0030] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a process flow diagram of the fabrication process of the optical fiber panel for cultural and creative products proposed in this invention;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the optical fiber panel for seal engraving proposed in this invention; Detailed Implementation

[0033] To further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the intended purpose, the following detailed description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, describes the specific implementation, structure, features, and effects of a fiber optic panel for cultural and creative industries, its preparation method, and its application based on the present invention.

[0034] Unless otherwise specified, all materials and reagents mentioned below are commercially available products well-known to those skilled in the art; unless otherwise specified, all methods described are methods known in the art. Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used should have the ordinary meaning understood by those skilled in the art. Where specific experimental steps or conditions are not specified below, they can be performed according to the conventional experimental steps or conditions described in the literature in this field.

[0035] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a fiber optic panel for cultural and creative applications is provided, comprising hundreds of millions of optical fibers arranged in an array, wherein the optical fibers include a core and a cladding;

[0036] The fiber core has a refractive index between 1.66 and 1.68.

[0037] A cladding layer covers the outer side of the fiber core; the refractive index of the cladding layer is between 1.50 and 1.52, and the coefficient of thermal expansion of the cladding layer is lower than that of the fiber core, which ensures that the cladding layer better covers the fiber core, with an optimal difference of 2 to 5 * 10. -7 (between 1 / ℃)

[0038] In the design of the core glass composition for the optical fiber panel used in cultural and creative industries, the refractive index is influenced by both the polarizability of its internal ions and the density of the glass. The higher the polarizability (i.e., deformability) and density of each ion within the glass, the higher the refractive index. Raw materials such as TiO2, ZrO2, Bi2O3, and LaO have high density and relatively high ionic polarizability, making them the main factors affecting the glass's refractive index. Compared to silicon oxide and boron oxide, these components are relatively expensive; appropriately reducing their content can lower the glass's refractive index while simultaneously saving on raw material costs. Therefore, in some embodiments of the optical fiber panel, the fiber core is made of core glass, which contains the following raw materials in parts by mass: silicon dioxide (SiO2) 35-45%; boron oxide (B2O3) 15-25%; aluminum oxide (Al2O3) 5-10%; zinc oxide (ZnO) 5-10%; calcium oxide (CaO) 4-7%; lithium oxide (Li2O) 2-5%; titanium oxide (TiO2) 5-8%; zirconium oxide (ZrO2) 6-9%; lanthanum oxide (LaO) 0-2%; bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) 5-10%; the sum of the mass parts of the above components is 100%; the refractive index of the core glass (also called core material) is 1.66-1.68, the same as the refractive index of the fiber core.

[0039] Silicon dioxide (SiO2) is the main raw material for glass formation. It can form glass on its own and create a unique network system within it. The corrosion resistance of optical glass is mainly determined by the content of silicon oxide and alkali metal compounds. A higher silicon oxide content, meaning a greater degree of interconnection between silicon oxide tetrahedra [SiO4], results in higher chemical stability, a higher melting point, and a lower refractive index. When the SiO2 content is higher than 45 wt%, the refractive index of the core glass will be lower than 1.66, the softening point will increase, leading to a mismatch in the drawing temperature. Conversely, a content lower than 35 wt% will result in an excessively high coefficient of thermal expansion, increasing the probability of breakage during plate processing. Therefore, in this invention, the core glass content is selected to be between 35-45 wt%.

[0040] Boron oxide (B2O3) is an important component of optical glass. Its role is unique; like SiO2, it can form glass on its own. It improves the stability of the glass, increases its refractive index, enhances its luster, and has good fluxing properties, accelerating glass clarification and reducing its crystallization ability. Under different conditions, boron may exist as trigonal [BO3] or tetrahedral [BO4]. Under high-temperature melting conditions, it is generally difficult to form boron-oxygen tetrahedra, and it can only exist as boron-oxygen trigonal structures. If the B2O3 content is below 15wt%, the glass has a high viscosity at high temperatures and is more prone to crystallization; if the B2O3 content is above 25wt%, the viscosity matching between the core and skin glass materials deteriorates, and the drawing precision cannot be controlled. Therefore, the B2O3 content is controlled within the range of 15-25wt%.

[0041] Alumina (Al₂O₃), an intermediate oxide, reacts with 5-10 wt% Al₂O₃ to form Al₂O₃. 3+ Located within the aluminum-oxygen tetrahedron [A1O4], Al2O3 acts as a complementary network to the silicon-oxygen network, forming a unified network that reduces the tendency of glass to crystallize and greatly improves its chemical stability. If the content is below 5 wt%, it cannot effectively complement the network, increasing the possibility of silicon dioxide crystallization. If the content is greater than 10 wt%, the Al2O3 content is too high, and the volume of the [A1O4] tetrahedron is larger than that of the [SiO4] tetrahedron, causing the network density to decrease. This reduces the thermal stability of the glass and increases optical dispersion, thus reducing the thermal and optical performance of the fiber optic imaging element. Therefore, the Al2O3 content is controlled between 5 and 10 wt%.

[0042] Zinc oxide (ZnO) is an intermediate oxide. Zn exists in two forms: loose octahedral coordination [ZnO] and dense tetrahedral coordination [ZnO]. ZnO can improve the chemical stability and refractive index of glass. However, if the ZnO content is greater than 10 wt%, excessive ZnO will increase the tendency of glass to crystallize. Generally, ZnO should not exceed 10 wt% for the core glass to have a higher refractive index. If the ZnO content is less than 5 wt%, the chemical stability and refractive index of the glass material cannot meet the application requirements.

[0043] Calcium oxide (CaO) ions do not participate in the network and are divalent network exoions. The ions have very low mobility in the structure and are generally not easy to precipitate from the glass. At high temperatures, they are more mobile and can reduce the high-temperature viscosity of the glass and improve its chemical stability. In this system, if the CaO content is less than 4 wt%, it will not be able to reduce the viscosity of the glass and will increase the difficulty of glass forming. However, if the CaO content is greater than 7 wt%, the excessive CaO content will reduce the chemical stability of the glass and increase the tendency to crystallize. Therefore, the CaO content is selected to be between 4 and 7 wt%.

[0044] Lithium oxide (Li2O) is also a network exooxide. When its content is 2-5 wt%, it can improve the water resistance of glass, reduce the melting temperature of glass, and improve the yield and quality of glass. If the content of Li2O is greater than 5 wt%, it is easy to increase the crystallization tendency, so it is generally not more than 5 wt%. If the content of Li2O is less than 2 wt%, the content of Li2O is too small to effectively reduce the melting temperature, resulting in an excessively high glass melting temperature and increasing the difficulty of preparing the core glass rod, so it should not be less than 2 wt%.

[0045] Titanium oxide (TiO2) is an intermediate oxide. In silicate glasses, some TiO2 exists as titanium oxide tetrahedra [TiO4] within the structural network, while some exists as [TiO6] octahedra outside the structure. TiO2 can improve the refractive index and chemical stability of the glass, and increase its ability to absorb X-rays and ultraviolet rays. In silicate glasses containing Al2O3, B2O3, and MgO, a TiO2 content higher than 8 wt% can easily cause glass devitrification and reduce optical performance. When TiO2 content is lower than 5 wt%, the refractive index of the glass decreases, and the numerical aperture cannot meet the requirement of being between 0.69 and 0.73. Therefore, the TiO2 content is controlled between 5 and 8 wt%.

[0046] Zirconia (ZrO2) has only one type of coordination, cubic [ZrO8]. When the ZrO2 content is higher than 6 wt%, it can significantly improve the thermal and chemical stability of glass and increase the refractive index. If it is lower than 6 wt%, the alkali resistance of glass will be significantly worse, and corrosion marks will form on the surface during polishing and cleaning, reducing the light transmission performance. When the content exceeds 9 wt%, it is easy to cause glass crystallization and phase separation, which will reduce the yield of rods and tubes and increase the cost. Therefore, the ZrO2 content is selected to be between 6 and 9 wt%.

[0047] Lanthanum oxide (LaO) is mainly used to increase the refractive index of fiber core glass, reduce the dispersion coefficient, and improve the glass's resistance to chemical corrosion. However, lanthanum oxide is expensive. Considering the cost control of low-cost optical fiber panels for cultural and creative industries, the lanthanum oxide content is controlled within the range of 0-2 wt%. Increasing the lanthanum oxide content beyond 2 wt% would lead to an increase in the cost of the core glass.

[0048] Bismuth oxide (BiO3), due to its easily polarized and deformable cations, readily inserts into the glass network space, acting as a glass forging and improving the chemical stability and refractive index of the glass. However, if the BiO3 content is below 5 wt%, the mid-temperature stability of the core glass deteriorates, leading to severe deformation during the melting and pressing process, making it impossible to maintain a circular shape, reducing structural stability, and exacerbating network defects. Conversely, if the BiO3 content exceeds 10 wt%, it reduces the viscoelastic matching of the core and skin glass materials at high temperatures, increasing thermal stress and causing breakage. Therefore, a BiO3 content between 5 and 10 wt% is recommended.

[0049] The fiber optic panels for cultural and creative products need to fully consider the safety and environmental friendliness of the materials, avoiding the addition of heavy metals such as lead. Furthermore, the physical compatibility between the core material and the sheath material must be carefully considered, including factors such as the coefficient of thermal expansion, viscosity, and softening point. The corresponding contents of other materials also need precise adjustment to simplify the fiber optic panel manufacturing process. The refractive index of the glass tube used in conventional fiber optic panel fabrication is 1.50. Correspondingly, to match the physical properties of the core glass in the cultural and creative fiber optic panels, the sheath glass material used in conjunction with it is designed to maintain the refractive index of the sheath glass between 1.50 and 1.52, eliminating the addition of precious rare earth oxides. Simultaneously, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the designed sheath glass should be 2-5 * 10⁻⁶ lower than that of the core glass. -7 (1 / ℃) to avoid breakage during the fiber drawing process. Therefore, in the optical fiber panel, the cladding is made of a sheath glass; the sheath glass contains the following raw materials in parts by mass: silicon dioxide (SiO2) 70-74%; aluminum oxide (Al2O3) 0-3%; calcium oxide (CaO) 6-12%; sodium oxide and potassium oxide (Na2O+K2O) 12-17%, and the sum of the mass parts of the above components is 100%; the refractive index of the sheath glass (also called the sheath) is between 1.50 and 1.52, which is the same as the refractive index of the cladding; the sheath is in the shape of a cylindrical tube, and can also be called a sheath tube.

[0050] Silicon dioxide (SiO2) is a primary raw material for glass formation. It can form glass on its own and create a unique network system within it. The corrosion resistance of optical glass is mainly determined by the content of silicon oxide and alkali metal compounds. The higher the silicon oxide content, i.e., the greater the interconnection of silicon oxide tetrahedra [SiO4], the higher the chemical stability of the glass. Silicon dioxide is a relatively inexpensive raw material. This invention proposes a low-cost optical fiber panel for cultural and creative applications, requiring the selection of low-cost raw materials. Simultaneously, the refractive index of the outer glass is mainly between 1.50 and 1.52. When the SiO2 content is below 70 wt%, the refractive index of the outer glass will exceed 1.52, increasing costs and failing to meet usage requirements. When the SiO2 content is below 74 wt%, the glass's coefficient of thermal expansion decreases, becoming mismatched with the core material's coefficient of thermal expansion, leading to cracking during the fiber drawing process, also failing to meet requirements.

[0051] Alumina (Al₂O₃), belonging to intermediate oxides, has a content of 0-3 wt% in this invention. 3+Located within the aluminum-oxygen tetrahedron [A1O4], Al2O3 acts as a complementary network to the silicon-oxygen network, forming a unified network. When the Al2O3 content in this glass composition is 0%, the glass stability is poor, easily leading to corrosion defects in the optical fiber panel. As the Al2O3 content increases to 1 wt%, the complementary effect significantly increases, reducing the glass's tendency to crystallize and greatly improving its chemical stability. However, if its content is greater than 3 wt%, the Al2O3 content is too high, and the volume of the [A1O4] tetrahedron is larger than that of the [SiO4] tetrahedron, causing the network density to decrease, which in turn leads to a decrease in the chemical stability of the optical glass. Therefore, the Al2O3 content is controlled between 0 and 3 wt%, and is not 0.

[0052] Calcium oxide (CaO), Ca 2+ The ions do not participate in the network and are divalent network exoions. These ions have very low mobility within the structure and are generally not easily precipitated from the glass. However, they are more mobile at high temperatures, which can reduce the high-temperature viscosity of the glass, improve its transparency, and enhance its thermal stability. A CaO content between 6-12 wt% can replace alkali metals, effectively improving the chemical stability of the glass. In this glass composition, if the CaO content is below 6 wt%, the glass's thermal stability is poor, leading to poor fiber roundness during fiber drawing and affecting yield. If the CaO content is above 12 wt%, the glass's chemical stability decreases, and the tendency for crystallization increases. Generally, the CaO content should not exceed 12 wt%.

[0053] Sodium oxide and potassium oxide (Na₂O + K₂O), when used together, significantly reduce the viscosity of molten glass, acting as a flux in glass manufacturing. In this invention, the high SiO₂ content results in a high glass melting temperature. If the Na₂O + K₂O content is below 12 wt%, the glass melting temperature exceeds 1600°C, leading to high viscosity, reduced precision in glass tube forming, and increased difficulty. However, excessive Na₂O + K₂O content, exceeding 17 wt%, significantly reduces the glass's chemical stability, thermal stability, and mechanical strength. Appropriately increasing K₂O content during the Na₂O and K₂O combination process improves the glass's chemical stability.

[0054] In some embodiments, the present invention reduces the refractive index of the core material to 1.66 by adjusting the content of raw materials such as ZnO2, ZrO2, Bi2O3, and LaO, thereby achieving a numerical aperture of 0.7 for the prepared optical fiber panel. For the aforementioned optical fiber panel used in cultural and creative products, it is necessary to ensure its unique performance, enabling clear transmission of patterns and text from the bottom to the top surface. Based on this, in specific implementations, the present invention adjusts the numerical aperture of the optical fiber panel to 0.69–0.73, meaning that light rays with an incident angle less than 45° at the input end face can enter the optical fiber panel, thus meeting the requirements for cultural and creative product applications.

[0055] Specifically, in the optical fiber, the ratio of cladding thickness to core diameter is controlled between 1:7.8 and 1:8.2. When the ratio is higher than 1:7.8, the cladding occupies too large a proportion of the overall optical fiber panel, resulting in a relatively low effective transmittance of the optical fiber panel and affecting the light transmission effect. When the ratio is lower than 1:8.2, the cladding thickness is too small, causing the light leakage phenomenon of the image transmission fiber to be aggravated, resulting in a decrease in the resolution of the optical fiber panel. In summary, setting the ratio of cladding thickness to core diameter of the optical fiber panel in the range of 1:78-1:8.2 is more appropriate. The fiber claddings are fused together to form an optical fiber panel array.

[0056] Furthermore, the images transmitted by the fiber optic panel for cultural and creative products are on the millimeter scale, which reduces the requirement for the pixel size of the fiber optic panel. The size and internal quality standards of a single image transmission unit are significantly related to the complexity of the fiber optic panel's manufacturing process and its yield. For fiber optic panels used in cultural and creative products, the application scenario is direct human observation and recognition. Without affecting imaging quality and aesthetics, this invention designs the pixel diameter of the fiber optic panel to be 10–50 μm. This is because the limit of human eye resolution is 100 μm, and a 50 μm fiber optic panel fully meets the imaging performance requirements of cultural and creative products, enabling high-definition transmission of millimeter-level images or text without affecting the user's perception of the target object. Moreover, as the wire diameter continues to decrease, the manufacturing process of the fiber optic panel becomes more complex, resulting in more imaging defects. Below 10 μm, the yield rate decreases significantly. However, in cultural and creative applications, there is no difference in the practical performance of fiber optic panels with different wire diameters; instead, it increases the cost of fiber optic panels for cultural and creative products, limiting their widespread application. Therefore, controlling the wire diameter within the range of 10–50 μm is most suitable.

[0057] Testing revealed that the fiber optic panel contained no dark spot defects larger than 150 μm in diameter; no filament defects longer than 2 mm; shear distortion less than or equal to 100 μm; serpentine distortion less than or equal to 100 μm; and image displacement less than or equal to 280 μm. These performance indicators were derived based on conventional fiber optic panel performance requirements and an analysis of the application scenarios for fiber optic panels in the cultural and creative industries. Meeting these performance requirements satisfies the application needs of fiber optic panels in the cultural and creative fields. For fiber optic panels, appropriately lowering performance requirements can effectively control the cost of the manufacturing process.

[0058] Each optical fiber in the fiber optic panel is micrometer-sized, and several optical fibers are fused together to form a fiber optic panel with a diameter of tens of millimeters. This is then cut into blanks with a thickness between 10-50mm, a range suitable for use in cultural and creative products. A thickness below 10mm makes it difficult to grip, while a thickness above 50mm increases the unit price and reduces product competitiveness. The end faces are polished for 3-4 hours using a double-sided polishing machine. Preliminary experiments showed that polishing for less than 3 hours resulted in a sample roughness higher than 40nm, numerous surface defects, and a low polishing pass rate. A polishing time of 4 hours ensured that all samples met usage requirements; further extending the polishing time only increased costs. Polishing is considered complete when the roughness of the polished end face is below 40nm. During the process, if the roughness exceeds 40nm, scratches and textures are likely to appear on the surface, affecting imaging effects. A roughness range of 20-40nm is sufficient for practical use. Further polishing to reduce the roughness to below 20nm does not significantly improve application performance but significantly increases time costs. Once polishing is complete, the fiber optic panel for cultural and creative products is obtained.

[0059] Tests have shown that the bending strength of the fiber optic panel can reach 110–130 MPa.

[0060] The thickness of the fiber optic panel is preferably 10-50mm, and users can choose according to their actual needs.

[0061] The optical fiber panel has a transmittance of more than 55% for light with wavelengths of 380–760 nm.

[0062] This invention also proposes a method for preparing an optical fiber panel for cultural and creative products, which includes the following steps:

[0063] S1. Preform Preparation: Glass rods with a refractive index between 1.66 and 1.68 are used as core materials. When the refractive index is below 1.66, the numerical aperture after being combined with the cladding glass is less than 0.69, which cannot guarantee the imaging quality of the fiber optic panel for cultural and creative products. When the refractive index is above 1.68, the cost of the core glass raw materials increases, reducing the yield rate of the fiber optic panel. The expansion coefficient of the outer nested core glass is 2-5 * 10⁻⁶ lower than that of the core glass. -7 A glass tube with a refractive index between 1.50 and 1.52, and which is compatible with the diameter of the mandrel (1 / ℃), is used as the outer sheath to obtain the preform. During this process, the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion is less than 2*10. -7 At (1 / ℃), the sheath tube cannot completely cover the core glass rod, leading to defects such as air leakage in the optical fiber panel. If the difference in the coefficient of expansion is higher than 5*10, -7 (1 / ℃) Excessive difference in expansion coefficients causes stress increase, leading to breakage during wire drawing when rods and tubes are matched; This range of expansion coefficient difference can ensure that the cladding glass can be well covered on the fiber core glass without causing breakage, and has suitable wire forming matching performance.

[0064] S2. Fiber Drawing: The preformed rod is drawn and arranged to obtain a multifilament rod with a side dimension of 60-80mm. If it is less than 60mm, the size of the subsequent drawn plate segment will be too small to ensure a sufficient draw ratio, which will not meet the usage requirements. When it is greater than 80mm, the heat preservation time needs to be increased during plate segment drawing, which will aggravate the difference between the fiber structure at the core and the edge. The drawing temperature is 770-790℃. If the drawing temperature is less than 770℃, the temperature is too low and the glass skin cannot completely cover the fiber core. If the drawing temperature is greater than 790℃, the glass softens too quickly, resulting in low fiber forming accuracy and roundness. The arrangement is a conventional technique in this field and will not be described in detail here.

[0065] S3. The multifilament rod is bundled with steel wire and then placed in a high-temperature drawing furnace to be heated to 770-790℃. When the lower end of the board segment begins to soften and sag, the board segment is drawn using a traction rod. When the drawing temperature is below 770℃, the core glass is too hard, the drawing speed is slow, and the production efficiency is extremely low. When the temperature is above 790℃, the board segment casting speed is too fast, the board segment is easy to deform, and the size cannot be accurately controlled. After the board is drawn, the side dimension of the board is 30-50mm. When it is less than 30mm, the application range is limited and it is generally not selected. When it is greater than 50mm, the preparation is difficult and the pass rate is low. The board segment is then cut into segments with a length of 10-50mm, which is the more commonly used length range. After rounding and surface polishing, the optical fiber panel is obtained.

[0066] In step S1 above, the glass rod used as the core material is obtained through the following steps:

[0067] Weigh out the following components by weight: 35-45% silicon dioxide, 15-25% boron oxide, 5-10% aluminum oxide, 5-10% zinc oxide, 4-7% calcium oxide, 2-5% lithium oxide, 5-8% titanium oxide, 6-9% zirconium oxide, 0-2% lanthanum oxide, and 5-10% bismuth oxide. Mix them and place them in a platinum crucible. Heat the platinum crucible to 1400-1550°C to fully melt the components. Below 1400°C, the powder melts insufficiently, resulting in numerous glass defects. Above 1550°C, the powder evaporation rate increases, reducing the accuracy of the component ratio. Maintain the melting process for 5-6 hours. Below 5 hours, the molten glass cannot be completely clarified, resulting in numerous bubbles. Continuing to maintain the temperature for more than 6 hours essentially stops reducing the bubble content, increasing costs. In this invention… No stirring is performed; and during the heat preservation process, the stirring is continuously and slowly set at a speed of 8-9 rpm to ensure that the components are fully mixed and homogeneous to obtain a uniform molten glass. This component of the molten glass has a high viscosity, and if the stirring speed is less than 8 rpm, the efficiency of bubble removal is low and the stirring is insufficient. If the stirring speed is higher than 9 rpm, the stirring paddle is easily damaged. After the heat preservation is completed, the molten glass is then formed by a perforation process to obtain a glass rod with a diameter of 30±1.0 mm. Currently, the commonly used process in equipment uses a 30 mm diameter core glass rod, which is then annealed at 500-600℃ to obtain the core material glass rod. Based on the transformation point temperature of the core glass rod, the annealing temperature is set at 500-600℃ for the best stress removal effect. If the temperature is lower than 500℃ or higher than 600℃, the residual stress in the rod tube is high. In step S1, the glass tube used as the outer material is obtained through the following steps:

[0068] Weigh out 70-74% silicon dioxide, 0-3% aluminum oxide, 6-12% calcium oxide, and 12-17% sodium oxide and potassium oxide according to the specified mass ratios. Mix thoroughly using a mixer and place in a platinum crucible. Heat the resulting mixture to 1350-1600℃. Below 1350℃, the quartz sand cannot completely melt, making it impossible to draw glass tubes; above 1600℃, it has completely melted, and further heating is unnecessary. Hold at this temperature for 6-7 hours. Below 6 hours, air bubbles in the molten glass cannot be completely expelled; above 7 hours, the bubble content does not decrease, but the volatilization of glass components worsens. The optimal stirring speed during the holding process is 10-12 rpm to ensure thorough and uniform mixing of all components, resulting in a homogeneous molten glass. Below 10 rpm, the stirring is uneven, resulting in more glass streaks; above 12 rpm... The molten glass is prone to splashing, which does not meet the requirements. A glass tube matching the diameter of the core rod is drawn using a robotic arm at 1450–1600℃. Below 1450℃, the viscosity is high, making it difficult to form; above 1600℃, the forming accuracy decreases. The inner diameter of the glass tube is 31.0–31.5mm, mainly to match the core glass rod. A diameter below 31.0mm is impractical, while a diameter above 31.5mm leads to reduced precision in subsequent plate making, affecting the imaging effect. The drawn glass tube is placed in an annealing furnace and heated to 540–600℃, then held for 2–3 hours. The design is based on the transition temperature of the outer glass tube. Within this temperature range and time interval, the residual stress after annealing is lowest, and the tube breakage rate is lowest. Then, it is naturally cooled to below 80℃ to complete the annealing. If the temperature is above 80℃, the tube breakage is severe, and the outer glass tube can be directly removed to obtain the outer material tube. The wall thickness of the sheath tube is 4-5mm. If it is less than 4mm, the cladding thickness after subsequent glass fiber drawing is too small, resulting in low resolution. If it is greater than 5mm, the ratio of the cladding inside the fiber panel to the total panel is too high, resulting in a low effective area ratio and the transmittance does not meet the requirements.

[0069] In step S2 above, the preform is placed in a wire drawing machine and heated to 770-790℃. When the drawing temperature is below 770℃, the core glass is too hard, resulting in slow drawing speed and extremely low production efficiency. When the temperature is above 790℃, the wire drawing speed is too fast, leading to large deformation and inaccurate dimensional control. Then, the preform is drawn into a single filament. During the drawing process, the diameter of the filament is controlled between 1.5±0.1mm to appropriately reduce the dimensional accuracy of the filament and improve its utilization rate. The relatively small diameter of the filament in this process facilitates the regularity of the board surface, uniform stress during the drawing process, and tight bonding between the filaments.

[0070] Furthermore, in step S2, during fiber drawing, the diameter reduction ratio of each drawing must be controlled to minimize the diffusion between the core and sheath. Therefore, multiple drawing and arrangement processes are required to draw the preform into optical fiber filaments of suitable size. When the pixel diameter of the optical fiber panel for cultural and creative products increases to 10–50 μm, its manufacturing process needs corresponding adjustments and optimizations. Only two drawing processes are needed to obtain the target pixel diameter, eliminating the pressure plate forming process and adopting a direct plate drawing forming process. The specific manufacturing process is as follows: Figure 1 As shown. Compared with the conventional optical fiber panel manufacturing process, this manufacturing process reduces one fiber drawing process, corresponding to one reduction in bar arrangement process, one reduction in board arrangement process, two reductions in binding process, and one reduction in hot pressing process.

[0071] In step S3 above, multiple monofilaments are arranged into a composite fiber bundle in a hexagonal close-packed pattern, bundled, and then placed in a drawing machine. The bundle is heated to 770-790℃ for drawing. If the drawing temperature is below 770℃, the core glass is too hard, resulting in a slow drawing speed and low production efficiency. If the temperature is above 790℃, the casting speed of the segments is too fast, leading to large deformation and inaccurate dimensional control. Then, after holding at this temperature for 15-20 minutes, a tensile force of 45-60N is applied. If the holding time is less than 15 minutes, the axial position of the segments is difficult to soften completely, hindering the drawing process. After fabrication, the imaging distortion is large. When the heat preservation time is greater than 20 minutes, the component diffusion phenomenon at the fiber core and skin interface is aggravated, which deteriorates the imaging resolution. At the same time, if the applied tension is less than 45N, the plate pulling speed is too slow; if it is greater than 60N, breakage is likely to occur. The range of 45-60N is more suitable. After the front end of the composite fiber bundle enters the drawing wheel, it is drawn into a plate by the rotation speed of the drawing wheel at 15-25 rpm. When the rotation speed of the drawing wheel is less than 15 rpm, the drawing efficiency is too low, increasing the cost; when it is greater than 25 rpm, the drawing accuracy is low, and the fiber diameter fluctuation range increases. The side dimension of the drawn blank is 10-60mm, which is adjusted according to the size of the cultural and creative products. This process allows the diameter of the internal single fiber to be between 10-50μm. To produce panels with different fiber diameters, the size can be adjusted during the plate pulling process. The drawn plate segments are cut to a fixed length according to the size requirements of the cultural and creative products. The preferred length range is 10-50mm, which can be adjusted according to the usage requirements to obtain the corresponding blank. The design of the fiber optic panel for cultural and creative products involves creating shapes such as cylinders, cubes, or regular hexagonal prisms. Subsequent processing steps, including molding and optical polishing, are then performed based on the designed shape. Specifically, cylindrical blanks require rounding, cube blanks require grinding, and the regular hexagonal prisms, with their identical shape to the drawn blanks, only require grinding. The process also involves using a cutting machine to cut longer panels into 10-50mm segments, followed by a milling machine to remove the six edges of each segment to complete the rounding process. The hexagonal segments are then rolled into cylindrical shapes, with the diameter of the cylindrical segments being 1-2mm smaller than the opposite sides of the hexagonal segments. If the diameter is less than 1mm, incomplete rounding and uneven edges can occur, affecting usability; if it is greater than 2mm, the material removal is too large, leading to material waste and reduced utilization. The rounded plate segment is then placed on a double-sided polishing machine and both end faces are polished. The surface roughness after polishing is controlled within the range of 20-40nm to obtain the optical fiber panel for cultural and creative products. During this process, if the roughness is higher than 40nm, the surface is prone to scratches, textures and other defects, which will affect the imaging effect. When the roughness is in the range of 20-40nm, it can meet the actual use requirements. If the roughness is further polished to be lower than 20nm, the application performance will not be significantly improved, but the time cost will be significantly increased.

[0072] The following detailed description uses more specific examples.

[0073] 1. Preparation of low-refractive-index, low-cost core glass rods and glass tubes

[0074] In order to obtain a low-cost core rod with a refractive index of 1.66 that can be used in conjunction with existing glass tubes, this invention proposes nine core glass composition designs (i.e., Examples 1-9), with specific proportions shown in Table 1.

[0075] Table 1. Component mass ratios (wt%) of the core glass in Examples 1-9

[0076]

[0077] Table 2. Component mass ratios (wt%) of the glass in Examples 1-9

[0078]

[0079] The preparation method of the core glass rod and the sheath glass tube for optical fiber panels described in Examples 1-9 above includes the following steps:

[0080] Weigh out the powders of silicon dioxide, boron oxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, calcium oxide, lithium oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, lanthanum oxide, and bismuth oxide according to the mass proportions shown in Table 1. Mix them and place them in a platinum crucible. Heat the platinum crucible to 1500℃ to fully melt all components. Maintain the temperature for 6 hours during the melting process, and stir slowly and continuously at a stirring speed of 9 rpm to ensure that all components are fully and evenly mixed. Extrude the molten glass through the sprue to form a glass rod with a diameter of 30 mm. Then, after holding it at 600℃ for 2 hours, turn off the power and allow it to cool naturally to 80℃ to complete the annealing process and obtain the core glass rod.

[0081] Weigh out the powders of silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, calcium oxide, sodium oxide, and potassium oxide according to the weight proportions shown in Table 1. After thorough mixing using a mixer, place the mixture into a platinum crucible and heat it to 1550°C. Hold the mixture at this temperature for 7 hours, with the stirring speed preferably at 12 rpm during the holding period to ensure thorough and uniform mixing of the components, resulting in a homogeneous molten glass. At 1550°C, use a robotic arm to draw the glass into a glass tube matching the diameter of the mandrel. The inner diameter of the glass tube is 31.0 mm. Place the drawn glass tube in an annealing furnace and heat it to 580°C. Hold the temperature for 3 hours and then allow it to cool naturally to below 80°C for annealing, resulting in a sheathed tube. The sheathed tube has a wall thickness of 4.5 mm and an outer diameter of 35.5 mm.

[0082] Samples of the core glass and the outer glass were prepared separately. Glass pillars with a diameter of Ф6*60mm were fabricated, and their coefficients of thermal expansion and softening temperatures were measured using a Netzsch dilatometer. Glass slides with a diameter of Ф30*0.5mm were fabricated, and their refractive indices were measured using a prism coupler. The relevant properties of core glass with different compositions are shown in Table 3. The relevant properties of outer glass with different compositions are shown in Table 4. Based on the design requirements of the core glass rod and outer glass tube, as well as the optical and thermodynamic performance requirements for the fabricated fiber optic panel, a high-performance fiber optic panel can theoretically be successfully fabricated within the designed range. In the examples of the core glass material, the maximum coefficient of thermal expansion for Examples 1 to 9 is 95.6*10. -7 (1 / ℃), minimum value is 91.8*10 -7 (1 / ℃), the highest coefficient of thermal expansion in Examples 1 to 9 of the glass material is 90.9*10. -7 (1 / ℃), the lowest value is 88.2×10 -7 (1 / ℃), thus it can be seen that, in terms of expansion coefficient performance, any core glass rod can be matched with one or more skin glass materials. Among the core glass examples 1-9, Example 1 has the highest softening point temperature at 706.6℃, while Example 6 has the lowest at 696.5℃; among the skin glass examples 1-9, Example 3 has the highest softening point temperature at 658.2℃, while Example 1 has the lowest at 636.6℃. Therefore, in terms of softening point temperature performance, the maximum difference between core and skin glass is 70℃, and any core glass can be matched with a corresponding skin glass. In terms of refractive index performance, the refractive index distribution of the core glass examples 1-9 is between 1.66 and 1.68, while the refractive index distribution of the skin glass examples 1-9 is between 1.50 and 1.52, both meeting the previous design goals. Based on the matching requirements of performance parameters such as expansion coefficient, softening point temperature, and refractive index, the expansion coefficient of the core glass rod is 2-5*10 higher than that of the skin glass. -7 (1 / ℃), the softening point temperature of the core glass is 50-100℃ higher than that of the skin glass; the numerical aperture of the core glass and the skin glass is in the range of 0.69-0.73. Based on this, the core glass and skin glass were optimized and four sets of matching were selected for the next step of preparation. The first set of matching is: core glass Example 1 and skin glass Example 2; the second set of matching is: core glass Example 2 and skin glass Example 7; the third set of matching is: core glass Example 4 and skin glass Example 6; the fourth set of matching is: core glass Example 8 and skin glass Example 9.

[0083] Table 3. Relevant properties of the core glass in Examples 1-9

[0084]

[0085] Table 4. Relevant properties of the sap glass in Examples 1-9

[0086]

[0087]

[0088] 2. Low-cost fiber optic panel fabrication

[0089] 1) The core glass rod prepared in Example 4 is placed into the outer glass tube prepared in Example 4 and then placed in a wire drawing machine. The temperature is raised to 780°C. Then, the front end of the rod is pulled by a wire drawing wheel and drawn into a single filament. When the diameter of the filament is controlled between 1.5 ± 0.1 mm during the wire drawing process, it is considered a qualified fiber and can continue to be used. The dimensional accuracy of the filament is appropriately reduced to improve the utilization rate of the filament. The diameter of the filament is designed to be relatively small in this process, which is conducive to the regularity of the plate surface and the uniform stress during the plate drawing process, and the tight bonding between the filaments.

[0090] 2) Then, multiple monofilaments are arranged in a hexagonal, densest arrangement to form a composite fiber bundle, resulting in a multifilament rod with a side dimension of 40mm. The multifilament rod is then bound with steel wire and placed in a high-temperature drawing furnace to 780℃. After holding at this temperature for 20 minutes, a tension of 50N is applied. Once the front end of the composite fiber bundle enters the drawing wheel, it is drawn into a sheet by rotating the drawing wheel at 20rpm. After the sheet is drawn, the side dimension of the sheet is 30mm. The sheet segment is then cut into 35mm segments. The six edges of the hexagonal segments are removed using a milling machine to complete the rounding step. The segments are then fixed on a double-sided polishing machine and polished using cerium oxide polishing powder (cerium oxide content > 99.5wt%) for 3 hours. The surface roughness of the polished end face reaches within 35nm, thus obtaining the fiber optic panel. The diameter of the internal single fiber is controlled at 50μm. Panels with different fiber diameters can be produced simply by adjusting the dimensions during the drawing process. It was also compared with control sample 1, which has an internal fiber diameter of 6 μm. Detailed data are shown in Table 5.

[0091] 3) The drawn plate segments are cut to a fixed length according to the size requirements of the cultural and creative products. In this invention, a cylindrical stamp blank with a diameter of 30mm and a height of 35mm is prepared. The diameter and height of the sample 1 are the same.

[0092] The internal quality of the manufactured fiber optic panels for cultural and creative products was tested, and the relevant parameters are shown in Table 5. The image transmission unit diameters of samples 1, 2, 3, and 4 are all 50 μm. Among them, sample 2 has the largest maximum dark spot diameter at 140 μm, which meets the requirement of less than 150 μm. Therefore, the other samples meet this requirement. Sample 2 has the largest internal fiber length at 1.9 mm, which meets the standard required by this invention. Sample 1 has the highest shear distortion value at 95 μm, which is below the requirement of 100 μm. Sample 3 has the largest serpentine distortion value at 94 μm, which is below the requirement of 100 μm. Sample 4 has the largest image shift defect value at 270 μm, which is below the requirement of 280 μm. Sample 2 has the lowest resolution value at 11.2 lp / mm. In summary, all four samples and one control sample meet the performance requirements of fiber optic panels for cultural and creative products. The image transmission unit of comparison sample 1 has a wire diameter of 6μm and a resolution of 96 lp / mm. Samples 1-4 of the stamp blank have a wire diameter of 50μm and a minimum resolution of 11.2 lp / mm, both meeting application requirements. Shear distortion and serpentine distortion are both less than 100μm; the maximum dark spot size is less than 150μm; the wire length is less than 2mm; and the image shift is less than 280μm. However, the pass rate of comparison sample 1 with a wire diameter of 6μm is only 65%, while the pass rate of samples with a wire diameter of 50μm exceeds 95%, an improvement of 30%. This is of great significance for the promotion and application of fiber optic panels for cultural and creative industries.

[0093] Table 5. Internal Quality Inspection Table for Fiber Optic Panels Used in Cultural and Creative Products

[0094]

[0095] 4) Based on the optical characteristics of fiber optic panels for cultural and creative products, expand the application scenarios of fiber optic panel products in different cultural and creative product scenarios, such as fiber optic panel seal engraving and paperweight side inscription processing, etc. Figure 2 The products on display are low-cost fiber optic panel stamps and cultural and creative products.

[0096] In this process, the wire diameter of the image transmission unit of the above five types of fiber optic panel samples was increased to 50μm. After increasing to 50μm, only two drawing processes are needed to complete the entire preparation process of the blank. The diameter of the core glass rod and the glass tube is 35.0-36.5mm. The diameter of the image transmission unit of the prepared fiber optic panel sample is 50μm, which is equivalent to a reduction of about 700 times. This reduction ratio can be achieved through two drawing processes. The first drawing process reduces the size by about 24 times, and the second drawing process reduces the size of the transmission unit by 30 times. If the diameter of the image transmission unit of the fiber optic panel is reduced to less than 10μm, it is equivalent to a reduction ratio of about 3500 times. This reduction ratio cannot be achieved through two drawing processes. For details of the specific process flow, please refer to [link to process details]. Figure 1Meanwhile, as fiber optic panels for cultural and creative products, the requirements for defects such as wire diameter accuracy, phase shift, torsion angle, dark spots, and mesh size are reduced, increasing the pass rate of fiber optic panels for cultural and creative products to over 98%. With the improved pass rate, production costs naturally decrease. Based on these reasons, compared to the fabrication process of fiber optic panels with a 6μm image transmission unit diameter, the fabrication process of fiber optic panels with a 50μm image transmission unit diameter has been optimized from three drawing processes to two, increasing the pass rate from 65% to 98%. This results in a two-thirds reduction in labor and equipment costs for the fabrication process of fiber optic panels with a 50μm image transmission unit diameter; this is of great significance for the promotion and application of high-tech new materials such as fiber optic panels in the cultural and creative industry.

[0097] The technical features in the claims and / or specification of this invention can be combined, and the combination is not limited to the combinations obtained through reference in the claims. Technical solutions obtained by combining the technical features in the claims and / or specification are also within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0098] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fiber optic panel for cultural and creative products, comprising multiple optical fibers arranged in an array, characterized in that, The optical fiber includes a core and a cladding; The fiber core has a refractive index between 1.66 and 1.

68. A cladding layer covers the outer side of the fiber core; the refractive index of the cladding layer is between 1.50 and 1.52, and the coefficient of thermal expansion of the cladding layer is 2 to 5 times lower than that of the fiber core. -7 (1 / ℃); The fiber core contains the following raw materials in parts by weight: silicon dioxide 35-45%; boron oxide 15-25%; aluminum oxide 5-10%; zinc oxide 5-10%; calcium oxide 4-7%; lithium oxide 2-5%; titanium oxide 5-8%; zirconium oxide 6-9%; lanthanum oxide 0-2%; bismuth oxide 5-10%; the sum of the parts by weight of the above components is 100%.

2. The optical fiber panel for cultural and creative products as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The coating contains the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70-74% silicon dioxide; 0-3% aluminum oxide; 6-12% calcium oxide; and 12-17% sodium oxide and potassium oxide; the sum of the parts by weight of the above components is 100%.

3. The optical fiber panel for cultural and creative products as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The numerical aperture of the optical fiber panel is 0.69~0.

73.

4. The optical fiber panel for cultural and creative products as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The fiber optic panel has no dark spot defects with a diameter greater than 150 micrometers; no filament defects with a length greater than 2 mm; shear distortion less than or equal to 100 micrometers; serpentine distortion less than or equal to 100 micrometers; and image shift less than or equal to 280 micrometers.

5. The optical fiber panel for cultural and creative products as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The pixel diameter of the fiber optic panel is 10 to 50 micrometers.

6. A method for preparing an optical fiber panel for cultural and creative products, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Preform preparation: A glass rod with a refractive index between 1.66 and 1.68 is used as the core material, and an expansion coefficient that is 2 to 5 times lower than that of the core glass is nested outside it. -7 A glass tube with a diameter matching that of the core rod (1 / ℃) is used as the outer material and is hot-melted to obtain a preform rod; the refractive index of the glass tube is between 1.50 and 1.

52. S2. Fiber drawing: The preformed rod is drawn and arranged to obtain a multifilament rod; S3. The multifilament rod is bundled, stretched, mechanically processed, and optically processed to obtain an optical fiber panel; In step S1, the glass rod used as the core material is obtained through the following steps: Weigh out the following components by weight: 35-45% silicon dioxide, 15-25% boron oxide, 5-10% aluminum oxide, 5-10% zinc oxide, 4-7% calcium oxide, 2-5% lithium oxide, 5-8% titanium oxide, 6-9% zirconium oxide, 0-2% lanthanum oxide, and 5-10% bismuth oxide. Mix them and heat to 1400-1550℃ to fully melt each component. Maintain the temperature for 5-6 hours during the melting process, stirring continuously at a speed of 8-9 rpm to ensure thorough and uniform mixing of the components, resulting in a homogeneous molten glass. At 1500-1550℃, form the molten glass into glass rods with a diameter of 30mm using a blower molding process. Then, anneal the rods at 500-600℃ for 2-3 hours to obtain the core glass rods.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S1, the glass tube used as the outer material is obtained through the following steps: Weigh out 70-74% silicon dioxide, 0-3% aluminum oxide, 6-12% calcium oxide, and 12-17% sodium oxide and potassium oxide according to the specified mass ratios. Mix thoroughly and heat the resulting mixture to 1350-1600℃, holding for 6-7 hours. During the holding period, stir at 10-12 rpm to ensure thorough and uniform mixing of all components, resulting in a homogeneous molten glass. Draw the molten glass into a glass tube with an inner diameter of 31.0-31.5 mm and a wall thickness of 4-5 mm at 1450-1600℃. Place the drawn glass tube in an annealing furnace and heat to 540-600℃, holding for 2-3 hours. Then, allow it to cool naturally to below 80℃ to complete the annealing process, obtaining the molten glass tube.

8. A fiber optic panel for use in stamps, characterized in that, The fiber optic panel for the seal is the fiber optic panel as described in any one of claims 1-5.

9. A fiber optic panel for seal engraving, characterized in that, The optical fiber panel for seal engraving adopts the optical fiber panel as described in any one of claims 1-5.

10. A fiber optic panel for a paperweight, characterized in that, The optical fiber panel for the paperweight adopts the optical fiber panel as described in any one of claims 1-5.

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