A method for controlling and compensating for shortening in a friction welding process

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of friction welding, in particular to a method for controlling and compensating for the shortening amount in a friction welding process, which comprises the following steps: weighing, the weight of the entire spindle assembly, the clutch assembly and the movable support pad plate is obtained by calculation or actual weighing; adjusting and correcting, the positions of the various part assemblies are adjusted and calculation correction is carried out to guarantee the installation deviation of each part; presetting welding parameters, the clutch of the welding piece with phase requirements is tightly clamped on the spindle before the early stage of welding, when the welding parameters reach the preset value, the clutch is instantaneously loosened, and the original fixed workpiece rotates together with the spindle workpiece; phase interference, before the welding seam is completely cooled and solidified, the original fixed workpiece is twisted by driving the driving power box assembly to provide torque, so that the original fixed workpiece reaches the required position with the rotating workpiece, and the workpiece is finally welded and formed; quality inspection.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of friction welding, in particular to a shrinkage control compensation method in a friction welding process. BACKGROUND

[0002] It is known that friction welding is a solid-state welding method that uses the relative movement between the welding contact end faces to generate friction heat and plastic deformation heat in the friction surface and its vicinity under the action of constant or increasing pressure and torque, so that the temperature in the vicinity rises to a temperature range close to but generally lower than the melting point, the deformation resistance of the material decreases, the plasticity improves, and the interface oxide film breaks down. Under the action of upset pressure, plastic deformation and flow of the material occur, and welding is achieved through molecular diffusion and recrystallization across the interface.

[0003] The characteristic of inertia friction welding is that the total input energy is fixed during welding. However, in actual control process, the spindle speed at the moment of workpiece contact must fluctuate within a certain range. For example, during the process of welding multiple disc stacks, the volume and mass of the welded disc change constantly, and the clamping position also changes. Therefore, the temperature field distribution and stress field distribution of the weld are different, and the processing state of each surface to be welded is different. As a result, the energy consumed in the initial stage of welding is different. The superposition of various factors leads to the randomness of the shrinkage of each welding, making it difficult to control accurately. SUMMARY

[0004] In order to better solve the problem of phase mismatching of two welded workpieces after welding and achieve the controllability of the shrinkage of the processed workpiece, the present application provides a shrinkage control compensation method in a friction welding process.

[0005] The shrinkage control compensation method in a friction welding process provided by the present application adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A shrinkage control compensation method in a friction welding process, which is used for adjusting a friction welding machine, the friction welding machine comprising a rotating end, a first workpiece fixed on the rotating end, a clamping device, and a second workpiece fixed on the clamping device, the shrinkage control compensation method in a friction welding process comprising the following steps:

[0007] Adjust and calibrate the main spindle assembly, front shaft center adjusting wedge assembly, rear shaft center adjusting wedge assembly, tie rod mechanism assembly, anti-torque adjusting wedge assembly, adjusting wedge assembly, clutch assembly, front up-down adjusting gravity auxiliary support assembly, rear up-down adjusting gravity auxiliary support assembly, power box assembly, and sensor assembly in the clamping device before clamping the second workpiece to ensure welding accuracy.

[0008] Clamping and welding: The first workpiece is clamped on the rotating end of the friction welding machine, and the second workpiece is fixed on the clamping device. The clamping device is pushed so that the second workpiece contacts the first workpiece in the rotating state.

[0009] Phase interference, before the weld between the first and second workpieces is completely cooled and solidified, the torque provided by the drive power box assembly is used to twist the second workpiece, so that the second workpiece and the first workpiece reach the required position and then the torque output of the power box assembly is stopped.

[0010] Quality inspection.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the entire fixture is pre-installed and adjusted before actual processing. To ensure good coaxiality, it helps to reduce the eccentric load during spindle operation, thereby reducing the failure rate and extending the service life of the spindle. At the same time, in order to better solve the problem of phase mismatch between the two welded workpieces after welding and to achieve controllable shortening of the processed parts, a clutch assembly and a power box assembly are designed on this axis adjustment fixture to better meet the phase matching and shortening control problems between the two workpieces. This greatly improves the processing accuracy and mechanical properties of the welded parts, effectively broadens the application range of rotary friction welding technology, enables dissimilar or homogeneous material parts to be welded according to process requirements through effective phase matching, and improves the axial accuracy of multi-stage disc stack welding. In the actual machining process, the weight of the entire spindle assembly, clutch assembly, and movable support plate is pre-measured; this part is the part to be adjusted. After adjustment, for welded parts with phase requirements, the clutch assembly grips the spindle assembly during the initial welding stage. When the welding parameters reach the preset values, the clutch assembly is released instantaneously, causing the originally fixed second workpiece to rotate synchronously with the first workpiece. At this time, the first and second workpieces decelerate under the action of inertial force and approach a stop. Before the weld completely cools and solidifies, the torque provided by the drive power box assembly is used to twist the second workpiece, so that the second and first workpieces reach the required position, thus completing the weld. Finally, the production quality of the welded products is ensured through weld and phase quality inspection.

[0012] Optionally, in the phase interference step, the clutch assembly is controlled by the program, and the clamping device keeps the axial force in action.

[0013] By adopting the above technical scheme, the program control is more convenient, quick and rapid, the controllable opportunity is better, and the friction welding process needs to apply an axial thrust force to the second workpiece to realize the friction between the first workpiece and the second workpiece. A larger axial thrust force helps to improve the mechanical properties of the joint.

[0014] Optionally, before the phase interference step, the target parameters are pre-input into the PLC, and in the welding process, the real-time shortening amount and the corresponding real-time speed V1 of the target speed V0 corresponding to the target parameters are read according to the displacement of the clamping device. By comparing the target speed V0 corresponding to the target parameters with the real-time speed V1 corresponding to the real-time shortening amount, and calculating the power box assembly torque through PID control, the second workpiece is accelerated or decelerated to make the real-time speed V1 close to the target speed V0.

[0015] By adopting the above technical scheme, according to different welding requirements, the target parameters of standard welding are input into the PLC through programming, the clamping device is moved through the PLC control, the control of the size of the axial force and the control of the progressive speed are realized, and the current welding curve is as close as possible to the standard welding target curve, so as to realize the precise control of the shortening amount. Through this way, the release opportunity of the clutch can be accurately controlled through the PLC calculation.

[0016] Optionally, in the phase interference step, the clutch assembly drives the pawl to move to realize the clamping of the main shaft assembly, and the pawl is disengaged by using a reset member to accelerate the reaction speed and movement speed of the pawl.

[0017] By adopting the above technical scheme, the force required for locking the rotor is reduced, and the design requirement of the power box assembly is reduced. The reset member is a spring, the reset member is part of the clutch assembly, one end of the spring is fixed on the rotating inner ring, and the other end is connected to the connecting rod pawl mechanism. The reaction speed and movement speed of the pawl are accelerated. Once the locking force is removed, the welding torque borne by the rotor acts on the pawl in the opposite direction, which can also serve as a driving force to help the pawl open quickly.

[0018] Optionally, in the adjustment and correction step, front and rear up-down adjustment gravity auxiliary support assemblies are additionally installed to assist the worker in adjusting, a thrust force is applied to the assembly part being adjusted in the adjustment and correction step when the front and rear up-down adjustment gravity auxiliary support assemblies are adjusted, and sensors are built-in in the front and rear up-down adjustment gravity auxiliary support assemblies.

[0019] Due to the very large weight of the adjusted part, when directly using the front and rear lower end axis adjustment wedge block assembly for adjustment, there is a large moving resistance, serious wear of the matching surface, obvious crawling phenomenon, and the adjustment cannot be accurately controlled and regulated. Through the above technical scheme, under the action of the front and rear upper and lower adjustment gravity auxiliary support assembly, the support force required to be provided on the front and rear lower end axis adjustment wedge block assembly is reduced, thereby reducing the friction force of the matching surface, making the adjustment process easy, reducing the wear of the matching surface, and significantly reducing the crawling phenomenon, thereby ensuring the convenience of adjustment.

[0020] Optionally, the built-in sensor has a memory function for the points of the adjusted axis surface, can record data in the system in time, and use it as a reference for subsequent alignment, so as to facilitate finding the reference.

[0021] Through the above technical scheme, the alignment efficiency is greatly improved, and the error caused by repeated adjustment is reduced to ensure the accuracy.

[0022] In summary, the present application has at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0023] 1. The alignment is convenient and fast, the alignment efficiency is greatly improved, and the error caused by repeated adjustment is reduced to ensure the accuracy.

[0024] 2. When welding the workpiece with phase requirement, the total shrinkage is stable and controllable, and the welding quality is guaranteed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the welding structure of the friction welding machine in the embodiment.

[0026] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the clamping device in the embodiment.

[0027] Figure 3 is an exploded view of the overall structure of the clamping device in the embodiment.

[0028] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the back side of the clamping device in the embodiment.

[0029] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the shrinkage control curve and a control flow chart in the embodiment.

[0030] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the clutch assembly in the embodiment.

[0031] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the power source part of the push rod in the embodiment.

[0032] Figure 8 is a control step block diagram of the embodiment.

[0033] Fig. 1 is a main shaft assembly; 2 is a movable support pad; 3 is a box; 4 is a front shaft center adjusting wedge assembly; 5 is a rear shaft center adjusting wedge assembly; 6 is a pull rod mechanism assembly; 7 is a torque resisting adjusting wedge assembly; 8 is an adjusting wedge assembly; 9 is a clutch assembly; 10 is a front up-down adjusting gravity auxiliary support assembly; 11 is a rear up-down adjusting gravity auxiliary support assembly; 12 is a power box assembly; 13 is a sensor assembly; 14 is an outer ring; 15 is a connecting rod ratchet mechanism; 16 is a rotating inner ring; 17 is a push rod power source; 18 is a receiving plate; 19 is a third driver; 20 is a reset member; 21 is a rotating end; 22 is a first workpiece; 23 is a clamping device; 24 is a second workpiece; 25 is an octagonal plate.

[0034] S1, weighing; S2, adjusting and correcting; S3, clamping a workpiece and welding; S4, phase interference; S5, quality inspection. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The following will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figures 1-8 The present application will be further described in detail.

[0036] The embodiment of the present application discloses a shrinkage control compensation method in a friction welding process, which is mainly applied to the working process of an inertial friction welding machine. In the embodiment, it is known that the existing friction welding machine comprises a rotating end 21 installed on a rack, a first workpiece 22 fixed on the rotating end 21, a clamping device 23 sliding on the rack, and a second workpiece 24 fixed on the clamping device 23, wherein the rotating end 21 is accelerated to rotate by a flywheel accumulator, the first workpiece 22 clamped on the rotating end 21 is accelerated to rotate, the clamping device 23 is arranged in opposite to the first workpiece 22, and the clamping device 23 can displace along the horizontal direction of the first workpiece 22. The clamping device 23 clamps the second workpiece 24 to move towards the first workpiece 22, the second workpiece 24 is in a stationary fixed state in an initial state, a hydraulic jack moves against the clamping device 23, so that the second workpiece 24 contacts the first workpiece 22 and continuously maintains an axial thrust force. Thus, the friction welding is realized.

[0037] In the embodiment, the clamping device 23 mainly comprises a main shaft assembly 1, a movable support pad 2, a box 3, a front shaft center adjusting wedge assembly 4, a rear shaft center adjusting wedge assembly 5, a pull rod mechanism assembly 6, a torque resisting adjusting wedge assembly 7, an adjusting wedge assembly 8, a clutch assembly 9, a front up-down adjusting gravity auxiliary support assembly 10, a rear up-down adjusting gravity auxiliary support assembly 11, a power box assembly 12, and a sensor assembly 13.

[0038] The main shaft assembly 1 mainly clamps the second workpiece 24 through the clamping of the clamp, the movable support base plate 2 is mainly used for positioning the position of the main shaft assembly 1, and the movable support base plate 2 is also used for installing the clutch assembly 9. The box body 3 is located between the movable support base plate 2 and the power box assembly 12, and the box body 3 is mainly used for fixing the movable support base plate 2 on the box body 3.

[0039] The front shaft center adjusting bevel block assembly 4 and the rear shaft center adjusting bevel block assembly 5 are mainly used for installing and positioning the main shaft assembly 1. In the embodiment, an octagonal plate 25 is installed on the side of the movable support base plate 2 away from the box body, the octagonal plate 25 can slide relative to the movable support base plate 2 for adjustment, and a through hole for the rotation of the main shaft assembly 1 is formed in the middle of the octagonal plate 25. The octagonal plate 25 is abutted by the bevel edges of the front shaft center adjusting bevel block assembly 4 and the rear shaft center adjusting bevel block assembly 5, so that the main shaft assembly 1 is positioned and centered.

[0040] In order to further ensure the stability of the installation of the main shaft assembly 1, the octagonal plate 25 and the movable support base plate 2 are pulled tightly and relatively fixed through the pull rod mechanism assembly 6, the octagonal plate 25 is positioned and installed, the octagonal plate 25 is rotationally connected to the outside of the main shaft assembly 1, and the main shaft assembly 1 is positioned and installed. The torsional torque adjusting bevel block assembly 7 and the adjusting bevel block assembly 8 further abut and adjust the remaining bevel edges of the octagonal plate 25, so that the octagonal plate 25 is finally positioned and adjusted.

[0041] In the embodiment, the shrinkage control compensation method in the friction welding process includes the following steps: a pre-step S1 of weighing, before welding, the weight of the equipment and the workpiece to be processed is obtained through calculation, in the embodiment, the weight and material of each part are obtained according to the equipment material table, and the weight of the workpiece to be processed is obtained by weighing, so that the weight of the entire main shaft assembly 1, the clutch assembly 9, the movable support base plate 2, the first workpiece 22 and the second workpiece 24 is finally obtained.

[0042] When the weight is completed, S2, adjustment correction is carried out, and since the position deviation occurs in the main shaft assembly 1, the clutch assembly 9 and the octagonal plate 25 after each use of the equipment, the main shaft assembly 1, the clutch assembly 9 and the movable support pad plate 2 need to be adjusted. Since the weight of the adjusted part is very large, in the embodiment, the adjusted part includes the main shaft assembly 1, the clutch assembly 9 and the octagonal plate 25, and the front shaft center adjustment inclined block assembly 4 and the rear shaft center adjustment inclined block assembly 5 are directly used for adjustment, there is a large moving resistance, a serious wear of the matching surface, a significant crawling phenomenon, and the adjustment cannot be accurately controlled and adjusted. Therefore, the front up-down adjustment gravity auxiliary support assembly 10 and the rear up-down adjustment gravity auxiliary support assembly 11 are used in cooperation for auxiliary adjustment, wherein the front up-down adjustment gravity auxiliary support assembly 10 and the rear up-down adjustment gravity auxiliary support assembly 11 are both servo oil cylinders.

[0043] Before adjustment, the front up-down adjustment gravity auxiliary support assembly 10 and the rear up-down adjustment gravity auxiliary support assembly 11 are used to apply a top force to the octagonal plate 25, thereby playing a role of auxiliary support and providing gravity support for the front shaft center adjustment inclined block assembly 4 and the rear shaft center adjustment inclined block assembly 5. Under the action of the front up-down adjustment gravity auxiliary support assembly 10 and the rear up-down adjustment gravity auxiliary support assembly 11, the required support force provided on the front shaft center adjustment inclined block assembly 4 and the rear shaft center adjustment inclined block assembly 5 is reduced, thereby reducing the friction force of the matching surface, making the adjustment process easy, reducing the wear of the matching surface, and significantly reducing the crawling phenomenon.

[0044] In order to ensure the accuracy of adjustment, sensors are built in the front up-down adjustment gravity auxiliary support assembly 10 and the rear up-down adjustment gravity auxiliary support assembly 11. The sensors are mainly position sensors, and the sensors have a memory function for the points of the adjusted shaft center surface, can timely record data in the system, and are used as a reference for subsequent centering, facilitate finding the reference, greatly improve the centering efficiency, and reduce the error caused by repeated adjustment to ensure the accuracy.

[0045] After the adjustment is completed according to the sensor, the support effect of the front up-down adjustment gravity auxiliary support assembly 10 and the rear up-down adjustment gravity auxiliary support assembly 11 on the octagonal plate 25 is gradually reduced, so that the weight of the octagonal plate 25 is mainly supported by the front shaft center adjustment inclined block assembly 4 and the rear shaft center adjustment inclined block assembly 5, and the octagonal plate 25 is clamped by the front shaft center adjustment inclined block assembly 4 and the rear shaft center adjustment inclined block assembly 5 at this time.

[0046] In the process of converting the support force, the axis position of the main shaft assembly 1 can change slightly. This change is related to the stiffness difference of the front up-down adjustment gravity-assisted support assembly 10, the rear up-down adjustment gravity-assisted support assembly 11, the front shaft center adjustment wedge assembly 4, and the rear shaft center adjustment wedge assembly 5, and the clamping force of the front shaft center adjustment wedge assembly 4 and the rear shaft center adjustment wedge assembly 5 on the octagonal plate 25. At this time, it can be considered as a fixed deviation, as long as it is considered and calculated for correction during adjustment, so as to ensure that the final main shaft position is close to the set position. The front shaft center adjustment wedge assembly 4 and the rear shaft center adjustment wedge assembly 5 need to output accurate positions, and are preferably driven by servo motors through a closed-loop control method. The front up-down adjustment gravity-assisted support assembly 10 and the rear up-down adjustment gravity-assisted support assembly 11 need to output accurate forces, and are preferably driven by oil cylinders.

[0047] The friction welding machine is subjected to a torque around the axis of the main shaft assembly 1 during work, and the support force of the front up-down adjustment gravity-assisted support assembly 10, the rear up-down adjustment gravity-assisted support assembly 11, the front shaft center adjustment wedge assembly 4, and the rear shaft center adjustment wedge assembly 5 on the octagonal plate 25 passes through the axis, and cannot form effective torsional support. Therefore, the torque resisting adjustment wedge assembly 7 is designed to support the working torque of the main shaft assembly 1. After the position of the octagonal plate 25 is determined and clamped, the torque resisting adjustment wedge assembly 7 is tensioned by an actuator such as an oil cylinder. Since the face angle between the movable support pad plate 2 and the octagonal plate 25 after adjustment of the main shaft assembly 1 has randomness, the material of the filling part is preferably a low-yield-strength brass or the like, so that the octagonal plate 25 and the corresponding surface of the movable support plate are well fitted under the action of tension, the plastic deformation generated during actual work is reduced, and the torsional stiffness of the octagonal plate 25 is improved.

[0048] After the adjustment and correction are completed, step S3 of clamping the workpiece and welding is performed.

[0049] The target parameters corresponding to the welding workpiece are input in advance before welding; the standard target parameters corresponding to the welding requirements of the workpiece are obtained in advance through welding tests, and the target parameters are reserved through program data. In this embodiment, the target parameters are input into the PLC through data. In the welding process in this embodiment, the shortening target parameter is a V0 curve, the real-time shortening amount is read according to the displacement of the clamping device 23, and the V1 curve corresponding to the real-time shortening amount is obtained, the V1 curve corresponding to the real-time shortening amount is compared with the V0 curve, and the required torque and torsional direction are calculated through PID control, and the power box assembly is controlled to accelerate or decelerate to approach the shortening amount corresponding to the V0 curve. In this embodiment, the PID controller is electrically connected with the PLC to realize linkage adjustment.

[0050] The clutch assembly 9 holds the main shaft assembly 1 in the early stage of welding. When the welding parameters reach the preset value, the clutch assembly 9 releases the main shaft assembly 1, so that the second workpiece 24 originally fixed synchronously rotates with the first workpiece 22. At this time, the first workpiece 22 and the second workpiece 24 are decelerated and tend to stop under the action of inertial force.

[0051] For welding pieces with phase requirements, S4, the phase interference step, is needed. Before the weld is completely cooled and solidified, the second workpiece 24 is reversely twisted by driving the power box assembly 12 to provide torque, so that the second workpiece 24 and the first workpiece 22 reach the required position, thereby being welded and formed.

[0052] The clutch assembly 9 can also better control the shortening amount of the welding piece during the inertia welding process. It is known that the characteristic of inertia friction welding is that the total input energy is fixed during welding. However, in actual control process, since the second workpiece 24 contacts the first workpiece 22 at the moment, the rotational speed of the rotating end 21 shaft must fluctuate within a certain range, so the total energy input will also fluctuate within a certain range. Since the moment of inertia is in a multiplicative relationship with the rotational speed, a 5% fluctuation in rotational speed will result in a 10% fluctuation in total energy.

[0053] The friction welding process needs to apply an axial thrust force to the workpiece to be welded to achieve friction between the welding pieces. A larger axial thrust force helps to improve the mechanical properties of the joint. Stopping the output of the thrust force before the weld cools down will result in welding failure. Therefore, the welding shortening amount cannot be controlled by stopping the output of the axial force or controlling the position of the workpiece. If a brake is used for the main shaft assembly 1 in the later stage of welding, since the torque provided by the general brake mechanism is much smaller than the welding torque, the control ability of the main shaft assembly 1 stopping process is limited. Moreover, the performance of the friction brake mechanism is greatly affected by the environment, so its working repeatability cannot meet the accuracy requirements of the shortening amount control. Although the electromagnetic brake has stable performance, its output torque is small, making it difficult to achieve effective control. Therefore, the clutch assembly 9 is used to make the second workpiece 24 rotate with the first workpiece 22 while maintaining the output of the axial force.

[0054] In the embodiment, the clutch assembly 9 comprises a receiving plate 18, an outer ring 14, a clamping mechanism 15, and a push rod power source 17 arranged on the receiving plate 18 for driving the clamping mechanism 15 to slide. The receiving plate 18 and the outer ring 14 are both annular plates and are coaxially fixed on the outer side wall of the main shaft assembly 1. A sliding cavity is formed between the receiving plate 18 and the outer ring 14, and the clamping mechanism 15 is arranged in the sliding cavity. The main shaft assembly 1 is coaxially provided with a rotating inner ring 16, and a groove for embedding the clamping mechanism 15 is formed in the side wall of the rotating inner ring 16. The clamping mechanism 15 is initially slid by the push rod power source 17 and is embedded in the groove to achieve the clamping of the main shaft assembly 1. When the main shaft assembly 1 needs to rotate synchronously with the friction welding main shaft part, the clamping mechanism 15 can be retracted by the push rod power source 17.

[0055] The push rod power source 17 can push the clamping mechanism 15 through a connecting rod mechanism. In the embodiment, the push rod power source 17 comprises a third driver 19 and a reset member 20. The third driver 19 is preferably a servo hydraulic cylinder or a servo air cylinder. In the embodiment, the third driver 19 is a servo hydraulic cylinder. The piston rod of the servo hydraulic cylinder is connected to the clamping mechanism 15 through a connecting rod. The reset member 20 in the embodiment is preferably a spring. When the hydraulic pressure of the third driver 19 is unloaded, the clamping mechanism 15 is quickly separated from the rotating inner ring 16 under the action of the spring restoring force. Thus, the main shaft assembly 1 is loosened.

[0056] In actual use, when the welding is carried out to a certain stage, the clamping mechanism 15 is actively controlled by a program to work and keep the axial force. The second workpiece 24 will rotate under the driving of the first workpiece 22 and further generate a shortening amount under the action of the axial force. In this working mode, the total shortening amount of the welded part is composed of two parts. The first part is the shortening amount generated by welding before the clutch assembly is loosened. This part can be kept consistent by controlling the loosening time of the clamping mechanism 15. The second part is the shortening amount generated under the action of the axial force after the clutch assembly is loosened. After the clutch assembly is loosened, the weld no longer generates friction, so there is no new heat input. At this time, the shortening amount generated is only related to the axial force applied on the workpiece and can be regarded as a stable value. Therefore, the total shortening amount composed of the two parts becomes stable and controllable.

[0057] After the welding is completed, step S5 of quality inspection is performed to inspect the welding gap and the entire product to ensure the welding quality.

[0058] The above are preferred embodiments of the present application, which do not limit the protection scope of the present application. Any equivalent changes made on the basis of the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be covered by the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for controlling and compensating for shortening during friction welding, characterized in that, The shortening control compensation method during friction welding is used to adjust the friction welding machine. The friction welding machine includes a rotating end (21), a first workpiece (22) fixed on the rotating end (21), a clamping device (23), and a second workpiece (24) fixed on the clamping device (23). The clamping device (23) includes a spindle assembly (1), a movable support pad (2), a housing (3), a front axle center adjusting wedge assembly (4), a rear axle center adjusting wedge assembly (5), a pull rod mechanism assembly (6), and an anti-... Torque adjustment swashplate assembly (7), adjustment swashplate assembly (8), clutch assembly (9), front vertical adjustment gravity auxiliary support assembly (10), rear vertical adjustment gravity auxiliary support assembly (11), power box assembly (12), sensor assembly (13); movable support pad (2) is used to position the main shaft assembly (1), and movable support pad (2) is also used to install the clutch assembly (9). The housing (3) is located between the movable support pad (2) and the power box assembly (12), and the housing (3) is used for The movable support plate (2) is fixed on the housing (3). An octagonal plate (25) is installed on the side of the movable support plate (2) away from the housing (3). The octagonal plate (25) and the movable support plate (2) can slide relative to each other. A through hole for the rotation of the spindle assembly (1) is opened in the middle of the octagonal plate (25). The spindle assembly (1) is used to clamp the second workpiece (24). The front shaft center adjustment slant block assembly (4) and the rear shaft center adjustment slant block assembly (5) are used to adjust the spindle assembly (24). 1) Installation and positioning: The tie rod assembly (6) is used to tighten the octagonal plate (25) and the movable support pad (2) and fix them relatively to each other; the anti-torque adjusting wedge assembly (7) and the adjusting wedge assembly (8) are used to abut the inclined side of the octagonal plate (25); the front up and down adjusting gravity auxiliary support assembly (10) and the rear up and down adjusting gravity auxiliary support assembly (11) are used to apply a top force to the octagonal plate (25); the method for controlling and compensating the shortening during friction welding includes the following steps: Weighing involves calculating the weight of the equipment and the workpiece before welding. Before clamping the second workpiece (24), the spindle assembly (1), the front shaft center adjustment slant block assembly (4), the rear shaft center adjustment slant block assembly (5), the tie rod mechanism assembly (6), the anti-torque adjustment slant block assembly (7), the adjustment slant block assembly (8), the clutch assembly (9), the front up and down adjustment gravity auxiliary support assembly (10), and the rear up and down adjustment gravity auxiliary support assembly (11) are adjusted to ensure welding accuracy. Clamp the workpiece and weld it. Clamp the first workpiece (22) on the rotating end (21) of the friction welding machine and fix the second workpiece (24) on the clamping device (23). Push the clamping device (23) so that the second workpiece (24) contacts the rotating first workpiece (22). Phase interference, before the weld between the first workpiece (22) and the second workpiece (24) is completely cooled and solidified, the torque provided by the drive power box assembly (12) is used to twist the second workpiece (24), so that the second workpiece (24) and the first workpiece (22) reach the required position and then the torque output of the power box assembly (12) is stopped; Before the phase interference step, the target parameters are pre-input into the PLC via data. During the welding process, the real-time shortening amount and the target speed V1 corresponding to the real-time shortening amount are read according to the displacement of the clamping device (23). By comparing the target speed V0 corresponding to the target parameters with the real-time speed V1 corresponding to the real-time shortening amount, and by calculating the torque of the power box assembly (12) through PID control, the second workpiece (24) is accelerated or decelerated so that the real-time speed V1 is close to the target speed V0. Quality inspection.

2. The method for controlling and compensating for shortening during friction welding according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the phase interference step, the clutch assembly (9) is controlled by the program, and the clamping device (23) maintains the axial force.

3. The method for controlling and compensating for shortening during friction welding according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the phase interference step, the clutch assembly (9) drives the tooth movement through the push rod power source (17) to achieve the clamping of the main shaft assembly (1), and the tooth disengagement is achieved by the reset component (20), thereby accelerating the reaction speed and movement speed of the tooth release.

4. The method for controlling and compensating for shortening during friction welding according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the adjustment and correction step, the worker is assisted in the adjustment by installing the front up and down adjustment gravity auxiliary support assembly (10) and the rear up and down adjustment gravity auxiliary support assembly (11). When adjusting the front up and down adjustment gravity auxiliary support assembly (10) and the rear up and down adjustment gravity auxiliary support assembly (11), a top force is applied to the assembly part being adjusted in the adjustment and correction step. Sensors are built into the front up and down adjustment gravity auxiliary support assembly (10) and the rear up and down adjustment gravity auxiliary support assembly (11).

5. The method for controlling and compensating for shortening during friction welding according to claim 4, characterized in that: The built-in sensors have a memory function, which can record data in the system in a timely manner for reference during subsequent adjustments, making it easier to find a benchmark.

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