Drilling shock-reducing torque drill, drilling device and application
By designing a drilling vibration-damping and torsion-excited drill bit, which uses a spline structure and elastic elements to absorb vibration and convert the impact hammer body into torsional impact force, the problems of drill bit vibration and stick-slip effect are solved, thus achieving drill bit protection, mechanical drilling speed improvement, and wellbore quality improvement.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHINA NAT PETROLEUM CORP
- Filing Date
- 2022-09-15
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-24
AI Technical Summary
During drilling, the drill bit generates vibration when cutting and breaking rocks under the action of drilling pressure and torque, which shortens the service life of the drill bit and related drilling tools. Vibration also brings huge risks, especially in drilling in hard formations, where the stick-slip effect and vibration result in poor rock breaking effect of the drill bit, low mechanical drilling speed and poor wellbore quality.
Design a drilling vibration reduction and torsion drill bit, including a housing assembly, a central shaft assembly, an elastic element and a hammer body, which are connected by a spline structure. The elastic element absorbs axial vibration, and the hammer body converts severe vibration into torsional impact force, which is transmitted to the drill bit, thereby reducing the impact of vibration and eliminating stick-slip effect.
It effectively reduces drill bit vibration and stick-slip effect, extends drill bit service life, increases mechanical drilling speed, improves wellbore quality, ensures drilling operation safety, and does not consume water power.
Smart Images
Figure CN117738595B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application belongs to the field of drilling technology, and in particular relates to a drilling shock-absorbing and torsion drilling tool, drilling equipment and its application. Background Technology
[0002] During drilling, the drill bit generates vibration as it cuts and breaks down rock under the influence of drilling pressure and torque. This vibration significantly reduces the lifespan of the drill bit and related drilling tools in the drill string, and also poses significant risks to drilling operations. Particularly in drilling through hard formations, where the drill bit penetrates shallowly and rock breaking is difficult, vibration is combined with a noticeable stick-slip effect. This stick-slip effect, along with the vibration, leads to poor rock-breaking performance, low mechanical drilling rate, and poor wellbore quality. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The inventors discovered that conventional methods for suppressing downhole drill string vibration generally rely on controlling drill pressure or rotational speed. These methods are not only ineffective at suppressing vibration but also result in low drilling speeds. For example, connecting a hydraulic booster to the drill string to convert drill pressure into flexible hydraulic pressure can alleviate axial vibration during drilling in hard formations to some extent. However, the drill pressure generated by this hydraulic booster is related to the pressure loss of the lower drill string assembly. The hydraulic booster has specific requirements regarding its placement and the type and arrangement of the connected drill string assemblies. Furthermore, it consumes hydraulic power during operation and cannot mitigate the stick-slip effect. Another example is connecting torsion impact tools to the drill string. While these tools can prevent stick-slip and increase drilling speeds, they consume significant hydraulic energy and do not reduce drill string vibration, thus failing to protect the drill string. In view of the above problems, it is necessary to propose a drilling vibration-damping and torsion-induced drilling tool, drilling equipment, and its application to solve or partially solve the above problems. The technical solution proposed in this application is as follows:
[0004] In one aspect, this application proposes a drilling shock-absorbing and torsion drill bit, comprising: a housing assembly, a central shaft assembly, an elastic element, and a hammer body;
[0005] The central shaft assembly and the housing assembly are dynamically sealed together, and the central shaft assembly is provided with an external spline, while the housing assembly is provided with an internal spline, and the internal spline and the external spline are engaged.
[0006] The elastic element surrounds the central shaft assembly, the housing assembly is provided with a first stepped surface and a second stepped surface, and the central shaft assembly is provided with a third stepped surface;
[0007] The sheath fits the housing assembly, and the upper and lower ends of the sheath are respectively able to abut against the first stepped surface and the upper end of the elastic member;
[0008] The upper end face of the elastic element can abut against the lower end face of the external spline, and the lower end face of the elastic element can abut against the second step surface and the third step surface.
[0009] The central shaft assembly is provided with a spiral ridge, the hammer body is an annular structure, the hammer body is provided with a spiral groove corresponding to the spiral ridge, the hammer body is provided with a first protrusion, the housing assembly includes an annular groove, the hammer body is placed in the annular groove, and the annular groove is provided with a second protrusion.
[0010] The hammer body can move axially relative to the central shaft assembly under the drive of the housing assembly, and rotate circumferentially in the annular groove under the drive of the helical ridge, so as to generate an impact on the housing assembly when the first protrusion strikes the second protrusion.
[0011] In one or more alternative embodiments, the central axis assembly includes a first central axis and a second central axis that are fixedly connected.
[0012] The first central shaft and the second central shaft are provided with through fluid channels inside;
[0013] The first central shaft is provided with the external spline;
[0014] The second central axis is provided with the spiral ridge;
[0015] The lower outer diameter of the first central shaft is smaller than the upper outer diameter of the second central shaft to form the third stepped surface.
[0016] In one or more alternative embodiments, the housing assembly includes a connected first housing and a second housing;
[0017] The lower inner diameter of the first housing is smaller than the upper inner diameter of the second housing to form the first stepped surface;
[0018] The second housing has a first boss in the middle, and the upper end surface of the first boss forms the second stepped surface.
[0019] In one or more optional embodiments, the drilling shock-absorbing and torsion-excited drill bit further includes: a sheath;
[0020] The sheath fits into the second housing, and the upper and lower ends of the sheath can respectively abut against the first stepped surface and the upper end of the elastic element.
[0021] In one or more optional embodiments, the drilling shock-absorbing and torsion-excited drill bit further includes: anti-slip block;
[0022] The first central shaft has a portion of the external spline area provided with an anti-drop block receiving groove, the anti-drop block is disposed in the anti-drop block receiving groove, and the anti-drop block is in contact with the sheath.
[0023] In one or more alternative embodiments, the housing assembly further includes a third housing connected to the second housing; the lower portion of the second housing is further provided with a stepped portion, and the upper inner diameter of the third housing is smaller than the lower inner diameter of the second housing to form the annular groove.
[0024] In one or more optional embodiments, the drilling shock-absorbing and torsion-excited drill bit further includes: a limiting ring;
[0025] The limiting ring is disposed in the annular groove, and the upper and lower end faces of the limiting ring respectively contact the upper end faces of the punch body and the third housing.
[0026] In one or more optional embodiments, the drilling shock-absorbing and torsion drill bit further includes: a lower connector fixedly connected to the third housing;
[0027] The lower connector is used to connect to the lower drilling tool, and the inner diameter of the lower connector is larger than the outer diameter of the second central shaft.
[0028] In one or more optional embodiments, the drilling shock-absorbing and torsion-excited drill bit further includes: a first dynamic seal and a second dynamic seal;
[0029] The first dynamic seal is disposed between the first housing and the first central shaft;
[0030] The second dynamic seal is disposed between the third housing and the second central shaft.
[0031] In one or more optional embodiments, the drilling shock-absorbing and torsion-excited drill bit further includes: an oil injection plug body;
[0032] The first housing is provided with an oil injection hole, and the oil injection plug is fixed to the oil injection hole.
[0033] In one or more alternative embodiments, the upper end of the first central shaft is provided with a threaded connection for connecting the upper drilling tool.
[0034] In one or more optional embodiments, the upper and lower surfaces of the punch body are chrome-plated.
[0035] Secondly, this application proposes a drilling apparatus, including an upper drilling tool, a lower drilling tool, and the aforementioned drilling shock-absorbing and torsion-excited drilling tool;
[0036] The drilling shock-absorbing and torsion-excited drill bit is connected to the upper drill bit and the lower drill bit, respectively.
[0037] Thirdly, this application proposes the application of the above-mentioned drilling vibration damping and torsion drilling tool in drilling.
[0038] Based on the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of this application compared with the prior art are as follows:
[0039] The drilling vibration-damping and torsion-excited drill bit provided in this application includes a housing assembly and a central shaft assembly mated by a spline structure, an elastic element and a hammer body disposed between the housing assembly and the central shaft assembly, wherein the helical groove of the hammer body mates with the helical ridge of the central shaft assembly. The drilling vibration-damping and torsion-excited drill bit can be connected to the drill bit. During drilling, when the drill bit vibrates upward or downward, the housing assembly and the central shaft assembly move relative to each other, compressing the elastic element. The elastic element absorbs part of the axial vibration, suppressing further transmission of the vibration impact force and reducing the impact of vibration on the drill bit. Under more severe vibration, as the housing assembly moves upward or downward, it drives the hammer body to rotate circumferentially along the central shaft assembly, converting linear lead motion into rotary lead motion. When the first protrusion of the hammer body strikes the second protrusion of the housing assembly, a torsional impact force is generated on the housing assembly. This torsional impact force is transmitted downward from the housing assembly to the drill bit. The stronger the vibration, the better the effect of the generated torsional impact force, effectively mitigating the stick-slip effect during drill bit drilling.
[0040] The drilling vibration damping and torsion drill bit provided in this application has a simple tool structure and can be applied to drilling in hard formations. This drill bit is suitable for installation near the drill bit in the drill bit assembly. During operation, it can absorb harmful axial vibrations without consuming water power or suppressing drilling pressure or rotational speed, thus protecting the drill bit. At the same time, the vibration is converted into torsional impact force through the hammer body, eliminating the adverse effects of stick-slip and achieving the effects of vibration damping and anti-stick-slip. This can extend the service life of the drill bit and improve the mechanical drilling rate. Using this drilling vibration damping and torsion drill bit is beneficial to improving wellbore quality and ensuring the safety of drilling operations. Attached Figure Description
[0041] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the drilling shock-absorbing and torsion-excited drill string provided in the embodiments of this application;
[0042] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 An enlarged schematic diagram of section A of the drilling shock-absorbing and torsion-induced drilling tool is shown.
[0043] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows an enlarged view of section B of the drilling shock-absorbing and torsion-induced drilling tool.
[0044] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 An enlarged schematic diagram of section C of the drilling shock-absorbing and torsion-induced drilling tool is shown.
[0045] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows the AA section structure of the drilling shock-absorbing torsion drill bit.
[0046] Figure 6A yes Figure 1 The diagram shows the B-B section structure of the drilling vibration damping and torsion drill bit. Figure 1 ;
[0047] Figure 6B yes Figure 1 The diagram shows the B-B section structure of the drilling vibration damping and torsion drill bit. Figure 2 .
[0048] in:
[0049] 1 is the first central shaft, 101 is the external spline, 2 is the first housing, 201 is the internal spline, 202 is the first stepped surface, 3 is the sheath, 4 is the anti-drop block, 5 is the elastic element, 6 is the second housing, 601 is the annular groove, 602 is the second protrusion, 603 is the second stepped surface, 604 is the first boss, 605 is the stepped part, 7 is the second central shaft, 701 is the helical ridge, 702 is the third stepped surface, 8 is the punch body, 801 is the helical groove, 802 is the first protrusion, 9 is the limiting ring, 10 is the third housing, 11 is the lower connector, 12 is the first dynamic seal, 13 is the plug body, 14 is the locking pin, 15 is the sealing ring, 16 is the second dynamic seal, and 17 is the fluid channel. Detailed Implementation
[0050] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.
[0051] Example 1
[0052] This application provides a drilling shock-absorbing and torsion-damping drill bit, referring to... Figures 1-6B As shown, the drilling shock-absorbing and torsion-induced drilling tool includes: a housing assembly (not shown in the figure), a central shaft assembly (not shown in the figure), a sheath 3, an elastic element 5, and a hammer body 8;
[0053] The central shaft assembly and the housing assembly are dynamically sealed together, and the central shaft assembly is provided with an external spline 101, and the housing assembly is provided with an internal spline 201, which cooperates with the external spline 101.
[0054] The elastic element 5 surrounds the central shaft assembly, the housing assembly is provided with a first stepped surface 202 and a second stepped surface 603, and the central shaft assembly is provided with a third stepped surface 702;
[0055] The sheath 3 fits the housing assembly, and the upper and lower ends of the sheath 3 can respectively abut against the first stepped surface 202 and the upper end of the elastic member 5.
[0056] The upper end face of the elastic member 5 can abut against the lower end face of the external spline 101, and the lower end face of the elastic member 5 can abut against the second step surface 603 and the third step surface 702.
[0057] The central shaft assembly is provided with a spiral ridge 701, the punch body 8 is an annular structure, the punch body 8 is provided with a spiral groove 801 corresponding to the spiral ridge 701, the punch body 8 is provided with a first protrusion 802, the housing assembly includes an annular groove 601, the punch body 8 is placed in the annular groove 601, and the annular groove 601 is provided with a second protrusion 602.
[0058] The hammer body 8 can move axially relative to the central shaft assembly under the drive of the housing assembly, and rotate circumferentially within the annular groove 601 under the action of the spiral rib 701, so as to generate an impact on the housing assembly when the first protrusion 802 strikes the second protrusion 602.
[0059] In this embodiment, the elastic element 5 is housed in the cavity between the lower end face of the sheath 3, the lower end face of the outer spline 101, the second step surface 603, and the third step surface 702. In other words, the lower end face of the sheath 3, the lower end face of the outer spline 101, the second step surface 603, and the third step surface 702 form the cavity for the elastic element 5. During operation, the upper end face of the elastic element 5 abuts against the lower end face of the sheath 3 or the lower end face of the outer spline 101, and the lower end face of the elastic element 5 abuts against the second step surface 603 or the third step surface 702. Of course, in a critical state, the upper end face of the elastic element 5 can simultaneously abut against the lower end face of the sheath 3 and the lower end face of the outer spline 101, and the lower end face of the elastic element 5 can simultaneously abut against the second step surface 603 and the third step surface 702. Specifically, when the drilling damping and torsion drill bit is subjected to an axial force, and the central shaft assembly moves upward or downward, the housing assembly and the central shaft assembly move relative to each other along the axial direction. The elastic element 5 is compressed by the force, which causes the elastic element 5 to abut against the lower end face of the sheath 3 and the third step surface 702, and / or, the elastic element 5 abuts against the lower end face of the outer spline 101 and the second step surface 603.
[0060] The drilling shock-absorbing and torsion drill bit provided by the present invention includes a housing assembly and a central shaft assembly that are coupled by a spline structure, an elastic element 5 and a hammer body 8 disposed between the housing assembly and the central shaft assembly, wherein the helical groove 801 of the hammer body 8 is coupled with the helical ridge 701 of the central shaft assembly. The drilling vibration damping and torsion excitation drill bit can be connected to the drill bit. During drilling, when the drill bit vibrates upward or downward, the housing assembly and the central shaft assembly move relative to each other, compressing the elastic element 5. The elastic element 5 absorbs part of the axial vibration, suppressing the further transmission of the vibration impact force and reducing the impact of vibration on the drill bit. Under more severe vibration, as the housing assembly moves upward or downward, it drives the hammer body 8 to rotate circumferentially along the central shaft assembly, converting the linear lead into the rotary lead motion. When the first protrusion 802 of the hammer body 8 strikes the second protrusion 602 of the housing assembly, a torsional impact force is generated on the housing assembly. The torsional impact force is transmitted downward from the housing assembly to the drill bit. The stronger the vibration, the better the effect of the torsional impact force, which can effectively alleviate the stick-slip effect during drill bit drilling.
[0061] The drilling vibration damping and torsion drill bit provided by this invention has a simple structure and can be applied to drilling in hard formations. This drill bit is suitable for installation near the drill bit in the drill bit assembly and can be directly installed on the drill bit. During operation, it can absorb harmful axial vibrations without consuming water power or suppressing drilling pressure or rotational speed, thus protecting the drill bit. At the same time, the impact hammer body 8 converts the vibration into torsional impact force, eliminating the adverse effects of stick-slip, achieving the effects of vibration damping and anti-stick-slip, thereby extending the service life of the drill bit and increasing the mechanical drilling speed. Using this drilling vibration damping and torsion drill bit is beneficial to improving wellbore quality and ensuring the safety of drilling operations.
[0062] In the embodiments of this application, reference is made to Figure 1 As shown, the elastic element 5 can be a disc spring, which surrounds the aforementioned central shaft assembly. When the central shaft assembly moves upward or downward, the disc spring undergoes elastic deformation, which can absorb the upward or downward axial vibration, suppress the further transmission of vibration impact force, and reduce the impact of vibration on the drill bit.
[0063] In one specific embodiment, it can be referred to Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the central shaft assembly includes a first central shaft 1 and a second central shaft 7 that are fixedly connected.
[0064] The first central shaft 1 and the second central shaft 7 are provided with a through fluid channel 17;
[0065] The first central shaft 1 is provided with the external spline 101;
[0066] The second central shaft 7 is provided with the spiral rib 701;
[0067] The lower outer diameter of the first central shaft 1 is smaller than the upper outer diameter of the second central shaft 7 to form the third stepped surface 702.
[0068] In the embodiments of this application, reference is made to Figure 1 As shown, the lower part of the first central shaft 1 is provided with a male thread, and the upper part of the second central shaft 7 is provided with a female thread. The first central shaft 1 and the second central shaft 7 are threadedly connected and fixed.
[0069] In an optional embodiment, the male thread provided at the lower end of the first central shaft 1 is a tapered external thread, and the female thread provided at the upper end of the second central shaft 7 is a tapered internal thread. The drilling shock-absorbing and torsion-excited drill bit also includes: a set pin 14, which cooperates to fix the tapered internal thread and the tapered external thread.
[0070] Reference Figure 1 As shown, the upper end of the first central shaft 1 is provided with a threaded connection part for connecting the upper drilling tool.
[0071] In one specific embodiment, refer to Figure 1 As shown, the threaded connection part provided at the upper end of the first central shaft 1 has a tapered thread, and the lower end of the tapered thread has a tapered structure with the radius gradually decreasing from top to bottom. The lower end of the tapered structure has a through hole with a certain radius, forming a fluid channel 17 that connects to the second central shaft 7.
[0072] In this embodiment of the application, in order to facilitate the setting of the threaded connection thread on the upper part of the first central shaft 1 and the setting of the external spline 101 in the middle part of the first central shaft 1, two stepped surfaces with decreasing outer diameter from top to bottom are provided on the upper part of the first central shaft 1. This increases the outer diameter of the upper part of the first central shaft 1, thereby facilitating the fabrication of the threaded connection thread. On the other hand, by reducing the outer diameter of the middle and lower parts of the first central shaft 1, it is easier to set the external spline 101 in the middle part of the first central shaft 1, so that the first central shaft 1 can transmit torque.
[0073] In this embodiment, a stepped portion is provided on the second central shaft 7, such that the upper outer diameter of the second central shaft 7 is larger than the lower outer diameter, and the second central shaft 7 is a hollow shaft. The upper part of the hollow shaft is provided with a female thread to connect to the first central shaft 1, and the lower part is a through hole with a certain radius to form a fluid channel 17 connecting the first central shaft 1.
[0074] In this embodiment of the application, the diameters of the through holes of the first central shaft 1 and the second central shaft 7 can be the same.
[0075] In the embodiments of this application, reference is made to Figure 6A and Figure 6BAs shown, the lower part of the second central shaft 7 is provided with multiple sets of the aforementioned spiral ribs 701 to cooperate with the punch body 8.
[0076] In one specific embodiment, it can be referred to Figures 1-3 As shown, the housing assembly includes a first housing 2 and a second housing 6 connected together;
[0077] The lower inner diameter of the first housing 2 is smaller than the upper inner diameter of the second housing 6 to form the first stepped surface 202;
[0078] The second housing 6 has a first boss 604 in the middle, and the upper end surface of the first boss 604 forms the second stepped surface 603.
[0079] In this embodiment, the lower part of the first housing 2 is provided with a male thread, and the upper part of the second housing 6 is provided with a female thread. The first housing 2 and the second housing 6 are threadedly connected and fixed. Specifically, both the male thread at the lower part of the first housing 2 and the female thread at the upper part of the second housing 6 can be tapered threads.
[0080] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the upper end of the first housing 2 is a ring structure, and the aforementioned internal spline 201 is provided inside the first housing 2. The internal spline 201 is matched with the external spline 101 in the middle of the first central shaft 1 in terms of structural dimensions, so as to realize the transmission of torque through spline engagement when the first central shaft 1 rotates.
[0081] In this embodiment, the specific structure of the inner spline 201 of the first housing 2 and the outer spline 101 of the first central shaft 1 is not limited to the implementation structure described in the above embodiment. The specific structural forms of the outer spline 101 and the inner spline 201 can be referred to the detailed description of related technologies. Here, no specific limitation is made in this embodiment.
[0082] In an optional embodiment, refer to Figure 1 As shown, in this drilling shock-absorbing and torsion drill bit, the sheath 3 fits into the second housing 6, and the upper and lower end faces of the sheath 3 can respectively abut against the first step surface 202 and the upper end face of the elastic member 5.
[0083] In an optional embodiment, refer to Figure 1 As shown, the drilling shock-absorbing and torsion-induced drilling tool also includes: anti-falling block 4;
[0084] The first central shaft 1 has a portion of the external spline 101 with an anti-drop block receiving groove (not shown in the figure), the anti-drop block 4 is disposed in the anti-drop block receiving groove, and the anti-drop block 4 is in contact with the sheath 3.
[0085] In this embodiment, for ease of installation, the anti-fall block 4 can be composed of two symmetrical semi-circular ring structures. Of course, the anti-fall block 4 is not limited to the two symmetrical semi-circular ring structures described above, and can also be other suitable implementation structures.
[0086] In this embodiment of the invention, reference is made to Figure 1 As shown, the outer wall of the anti-fall block 4 contacts the sleeve 3. By setting the anti-fall block 4, when the first central shaft 1 is subjected to force and moves axially, the movement stroke of the first central shaft 1 can be limited. Since the bottom of the sleeve 3 abuts against the elastic member 5, when the first central shaft 1 moves downward, the lower part of the anti-fall block 4 contacts the bottom of the sleeve 3 and is blocked by the elastic member 5, thereby preventing the first central shaft 1 from continuing to fall downward from the housing assembly. When the first central shaft 1 moves upward, the upper part of the anti-fall block 4 contacts the bottom of the first housing 2 and is blocked by the first housing 2, thereby preventing it from continuing to move upward.
[0087] In the embodiments of this application, reference is made to Figure 1 As shown, an annular gap (not shown in the figure) is formed between the first housing 2, the second housing 6, and the first central shaft 1. The sheath 3, the anti-fall block 4, and the elastic element 5 are all disposed within this annular gap. (Refer to...) Figure 1 As shown, in order to ensure the sealing effect of the annular gap, a sealing ring 15 is also provided between the first central shaft 1 and the second central shaft 7. The sealing ring 15 makes the sealing effect of the first central shaft 1 and the second central shaft 7 better, preventing the annular gap from communicating with the fluid channel 17 in the first central shaft 1 and the second central shaft 7.
[0088] In one specific embodiment, refer to Figure 1 As shown, a first dynamic seal 12 is also provided between the first central shaft 1 and the first housing 2 to seal the annular gap. The specific implementation of the first dynamic seal 12 can be found in the detailed descriptions in related technologies, and is not specifically limited here.
[0089] In this embodiment, to facilitate oil injection into the annular gap, the drilling shock-absorbing and torsion-excited drill bit also includes an oil injection plug 13. The upper part of the first housing 2 is also provided with an oil injection hole, and the oil injection plug 13 is fixed to the oil injection hole. When oil injection is required, the oil injection plug 13 is removed, oil is injected into the annular gap through the oil injection hole, and after oil injection is completed, the oil injection plug 13 is fixed to the oil injection hole.
[0090] In an optional embodiment, the drilling shock-absorbing torsion drill bit, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 4As shown, the housing assembly also includes a third housing 10 connected to the second housing 6; the lower part of the second housing 6 is further provided with a stepped portion 605, and the upper inner diameter of the third housing 10 is smaller than the lower inner diameter of the second housing 6 to form the annular groove 601.
[0091] In this embodiment, the second housing 6 has a female thread at its lower part, and the third housing 10 has a male thread at its upper part. The second housing 6 and the third housing 10 are threadedly connected and fixed. Specifically, both the female thread at the lower part of the second housing 6 and the male thread at the upper part of the third housing 10 can be tapered threads.
[0092] In this embodiment, to achieve a dynamic seal between the third housing 10 and the second central shaft 7, the third housing 10 has a structure with a large upper inner diameter and a small lower inner diameter. Furthermore, to ensure a good sealing effect between the third housing 10 and the second central shaft 7, a second dynamic seal 16 is also provided between them. The specific implementation of the second dynamic seal 16 can be found in the detailed descriptions in related technologies, and is not specifically limited here.
[0093] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 6A As shown, the second housing 6 has a set of annular grooves 601 as described above, and the hammer body 8 is disposed in the annular grooves 601. When the first housing 2 and the second housing 6 move axially relative to the first central axis 1 and the second central axis 7, the second housing 6 drives the hammer body 8 to move. Since the second central axis 7 is provided with multiple sets of spiral ribs 701, the hammer body 8 rotates circumferentially in the annular grooves 601 under the drive of the spiral ribs 701. When the distance that the first housing 2 and the second housing 6 move axially relative to the first central axis 1 and the second central axis 7 reaches a preset distance, the first protrusion 802 of the hammer body 8 will strike the second protrusion 602.
[0094] In some other embodiments, reference is made to Figure 6BAs shown, the annular groove 601 inside the second housing 6 is provided with two sets of symmetrically arranged second protrusions 602, and the corresponding hammer body is provided with two sets of symmetrically arranged first protrusions 802. When the first housing 2 and the second housing 6 move axially relative to the first central axis 1 and the second central axis 7, the hammer body 8 rotates circumferentially in the annular groove 601 under the drive of the helical ridge 701. When the distance of the axial movement of the first housing 2 and the second housing 6 relative to the first central axis 1 and the second central axis 7 reaches a preset distance, the two sets of first protrusions 802 of the hammer body 8 will strike the two sets of symmetrically arranged second protrusions 602 respectively, so that the two sides of the second housing are respectively subjected to torsional impact force, and the torsional impact force is better transmitted downward to the lower drill bit, thereby effectively alleviating the stick-slip effect during drilling.
[0095] In this embodiment of the application, in order to reduce the resistance of the punch body 8 when rotating in the circumferential direction, the upper and lower end surfaces of the punch body 8 can be chrome-plated.
[0096] In an optional embodiment, refer to Figure 1 As shown, the drilling shock-absorbing and torsion-induced drilling tool also includes: a limiting ring 9;
[0097] The limiting ring 9 is disposed in the annular groove 601, and the upper and lower end faces of the limiting ring 9 respectively contact the upper end faces of the punch body 8 and the second housing 6.
[0098] When the hammer body 8 is placed in the annular groove 601, the limiting ring 9 restricts the groove position in the annular groove 601, limits the range of vertical movement of the hammer body 8 in the annular groove 601, and also makes the circumferential rotation of the hammer body 8 smoother.
[0099] In an optional embodiment, refer to Figure 1 As shown, the drilling shock-absorbing and torsion drill bit also includes: a lower connector 11 fixedly connected to the third housing 10;
[0100] The lower connector 11 is used to connect the lower drilling tool, and the inner diameter of the lower connector 11 is larger than the outer diameter of the second central shaft 7.
[0101] In the embodiments of this application, reference is made to Figure 1As shown, the second central shaft 7 extends at least partially into the lower connector 11. The lower connector 11 allows the drilling vibration damping and torque excitation tool to be connected to the lower drill string. The lower drill string includes a drill bit, and the drilling vibration damping and torque excitation tool can be directly mounted onto the drill bit by adjusting the snap-fit design of the lower connector 11. Because the inner diameter of the lower connector 11 is larger than the outer diameter of the second central shaft 7, the second central shaft 7 will not rub against the lower connector 11 during axial movement of the first central shaft 1 and the second central shaft 7, resulting in smoother movement of the first central shaft 1 and the second central shaft 7.
[0102] The drilling vibration damping and torsion excitation tool provided in this application embodiment, when connected to a drilling tool for drilling operations, can be connected between an upper drilling tool and a lower drilling tool. The upper drilling tool may include at least one of a drill pipe, a weighted drill pipe, a drill collar, and a non-magnetic drill collar, while the lower drilling tool may include a drill bit. The drilling vibration damping and torsion excitation tool can be connected to the upper and lower drilling tools using conventional connection structures. For example, the threaded connection portion of the upper part of the first central shaft 1 of the drilling vibration damping and torsion excitation tool can be connected to the upper drilling tool via a screw, while the lower part of its connection head can be connected to the lower drilling tool (e.g., the drill bit) via a double-ended nut. To more clearly illustrate the working process of the drilling vibration damping and torsion excitation tool provided in this application embodiment, the following describes... Figure 1 Taking the drilling vibration damping and torsion excitation tool shown as an example, its working process when connected to the drilling tool is described in detail below:
[0103] During normal drilling, the drill bit connected to the lower part of the drilling damping and torsion tool will not vibrate significantly. The upper drill string connected to the drilling damping and torsion tool applies drilling pressure to the tool, which is transmitted to the first central shaft 1. This causes the bottom end of the outer spline 101 of the first central shaft 1 to press down on the elastic element 5. After the elastic element 5 withstands the compressive force, it transmits the drilling pressure to the second step surface 603 formed on the upper end face of the first boss 604 of the second housing 6, and absorbs a very small portion of the drilling pressure. The second housing 6 receives the drilling pressure transmitted by the elastic element 5 and further transmits the drilling pressure to the drill bit through the third housing 10 and the lower connector 11. At this time, since the axial movement distance of the first central shaft 1 and the second central shaft 7 relative to the first housing 2, the second housing 6, the third housing 10 and the lower connector 11 is small, the hammer body 8 provided in the annular groove 601 of the second housing 6 rotates at a very small angle in the circumferential direction under the action of the spiral rib 701 of the second central shaft 7. There is a gap between the first protrusion 802 and the second protrusion 602, and the first protrusion 802 will not strike the second protrusion 602. At the same time, the upper drill string of the drilling damping and torque excitation tool transmits the torque to the first central shaft 1. The external spline 101 in the middle of the first central shaft 1 transmits the torque to the first housing 2 through the internal spline 201 structure of the first housing 2. The first housing 2 transmits the torque to the drill bit through the second housing 6, the third housing 10 and the lower connector 11. In addition, after the drilling fluid introduced through the upper drill string enters the drilling damping and torque excitation tool, it enters the drill bit through the fluid channel 17 of the first central shaft 1, the second central shaft 7 and the lower connector 11. In this way, during the drilling process, the drilling shock-absorbing and torque-exciting tool realizes the transmission of drilling pressure and torque, and ensures the continuity of drilling fluid circulation. The structure of the drilling shock-absorbing and torque-exciting tool does not affect the smooth progress of drilling operations.
[0104] During drilling in hard formations, the drill bit experiences severe vibrations as it breaks through the rock. These vibrations are transmitted to the drilling damping and torsion-excitation tool. The first and second central shafts 1 and 7 within this tool move axially relative to the first housing 2, second housing 6, third housing 10, and lower connector 11. This drives the hammer body 8 to rotate circumferentially within the annular groove 601. When the first protrusion 802 of the hammer body 8 strikes the second protrusion 602 within the annular groove 601, it impacts the second housing 6. The resulting torsional impact force is then transmitted to the lower drill bit via the third housing 10 and lower connector 11, effectively mitigating the stick-slip effect during drilling. Since the axial movements of the first and second central shafts 1 and 7 relative to the first housing 2, second housing 6, third housing 10, and lower connector 11 differ when the drill bit vibrates upwards and downwards, the circumferential rotation of the hammer body 8 also differs. The following describes the upward and downward vibration processes of the drill bit in detail:
[0105] When upward vibration occurs, the lower connector 11 connected to the drill bit causes the first housing 2, the second housing 6, and the third housing 10 to vibrate upward. The second step surface 603 formed on the upper end face of the first boss 604 in the middle of the second housing 6 pushes upward against the lower end face of the elastic element 5. At this time, the first central shaft 1 bears the drilling pressure of the upper drill bit, and the bottom end of the external spline 101 in the middle of the first central shaft 1 pushes downward against the upper end face of the elastic element 5. In this way, the elastic element 5 is compressed under the action of the upper drilling pressure and the upward vibration impact force from below, and absorbs the instantaneous vibration impact force from below. Since the elastic element 5 absorbs a large part of the upward vibration impact force, it inhibits the further upward transmission of the vibration impact force and reduces the impact of vibration on the upper drill bit; at the same time, since the vibration impact force generated by the drill bit is reduced at the elastic element 5, the vibration impact on the drill bit is weakened. During normal drilling, when the drill bit does not vibrate significantly, the elastic element 5 is under a certain compression due to the upper drilling pressure. Therefore, at the instant of upward vibration, the first housing 2, the second housing 6, and the third housing 10 move upward relative to the first central axis 1. The hammer body 8 moves upward instantaneously under the action of the lower limiting ring 9. At the same time, the spiral groove 801 on the inner side of the hammer body 8 is driven by the multiple sets of spiral ribs 701 of the second central axis 7 and rotates a certain angle instantaneously in the circumferential direction until the first protrusion 802 of the hammer body 8 strikes the second protrusion 602 of the annular groove 601, impacting the second housing 6. The resulting torsional impact force is transmitted to the lower drill bit through the third housing 10 and the lower connector 11, thereby effectively alleviating the stick-slip effect of the drill bit during drilling.
[0106] When downward vibration occurs, the lower connector 11 connected to the drill bit causes the first housing 2, the second housing 6, and the third housing 10 to vibrate downward. The lower end face of the first housing 2 causes the sheath 3 to press downward against the upper end face of the elastic element 5. The lower end face of the elastic element 5 is compressed by the limiting effect of the second central shaft 7. In this way, the elastic element 5 is compressed under the downward vibration impact force and the limiting effect, and absorbs the instantaneous vibration impact force from below. Since the elastic element 5 absorbs a large part of the downward vibration impact force, it inhibits the further upward transmission of the vibration impact force, reducing the impact of vibration on the upper drill string; at the same time, since the vibration impact force generated by the drill bit is reduced at the elastic element 5, the vibration impact on the drill bit is weakened. During normal drilling, when the drill bit does not vibrate significantly, the elastic element 5 is under a certain compression due to the upper drilling pressure. Therefore, at the instant of downward vibration, the first housing 2, the second housing 6, and the third housing 10 move downward instantaneously relative to the first central axis 1. The upper part of the hammer body 8 moves downward instantaneously under the action of the annular groove 601. At the same time, the spiral groove 801 on the inner side of the hammer body 8 is driven by multiple sets of spiral ribs 701 of the second central axis 7, and rotates instantaneously at a certain angle in the circumferential direction until the first protrusion 802 of the hammer body 8 strikes the second protrusion 602 of the annular groove 601, impacting the second housing 6. The torsional impact force generated is transmitted to the lower drill bit through the third housing 10 and the lower connector 11, thereby effectively alleviating the stick-slip effect of the drill bit during drilling.
[0107] Example 2
[0108] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a drilling apparatus, including an upper drilling tool, a lower drilling tool, and the drilling shock-absorbing and torsion drilling tool described in Embodiment 1 above;
[0109] The drilling shock-absorbing and torsion-excited drill bit is connected to the upper drill bit and the lower drill bit, respectively.
[0110] The upper drilling tool may include at least one of drill pipe, weighted drill pipe, drill collar, and non-magnetic drill collar, and the lower drilling tool may include a drill bit.
[0111] In one specific embodiment, the upper drilling tool includes a drill pipe, a weighted drill pipe, a drill collar, and a non-magnetic drill collar, and the lower drilling tool includes a drill bit. After the drill pipe, the weighted drill pipe, the drill collar, and the non-magnetic drill collar are connected in sequence, the threaded connection part of the upper part of the first central shaft 1 of the drilling shock-absorbing and torsion-exciting tool is connected to the non-magnetic drill collar through a screw, and the lower part of its connection head is connected to the drill bit through a double-ended nut.
[0112] In this application embodiment, the specific implementation of the drilling shock-absorbing and torsion-excited drill bit described above can be referred to the detailed description in Embodiment 1 above. The specific implementation of the upper drill bit and the lower drill bit described above can be referred to the corresponding description in the related technology. The specific working process of the drilling device can be referred to the detailed description of the drilling shock-absorbing and torsion-excited drill bit in the above embodiment, and will not be elaborated here.
[0113] Example 3
[0114] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides an application of the drilling vibration damping and torsion drilling tool described in Embodiment 1 above in drilling.
[0115] In this application embodiment, the specific implementation method of the drilling vibration reduction and torsion drill bit has been described in detail in the above embodiment one. Its specific structure and implementation process can be referred to the relevant description in the above embodiment one, and will not be repeated here.
[0116] The foregoing description includes examples of one or more embodiments. It is certainly impossible to describe all possible combinations of components or methods in order to describe the above embodiments, but those skilled in the art will recognize that further combinations and arrangements of the various embodiments are possible. Therefore, the embodiments described herein are intended to cover all such changes, modifications, and variations that fall within the scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, the term "comprising" as used in the specification or claims is interpreted in a manner similar to the term "including," just as "comprising" is interpreted as a conjunction in the claims. Additionally, the use of any term "or" in the specification of the claims is intended to mean "non-exclusive or."
Claims
1. A drilling shock-absorbing and torsion-excited drill bit, characterized in that, include: Housing assembly, central shaft assembly, sheath, elastic element, and punch body; The central shaft assembly and the housing assembly are dynamically sealed together, and the central shaft assembly is provided with an external spline, while the housing assembly is provided with an internal spline, and the internal spline and the external spline are engaged. The elastic element surrounds the central shaft assembly, the housing assembly is provided with a first stepped surface and a second stepped surface, and the central shaft assembly is provided with a third stepped surface; The sheath fits the housing assembly, and the upper and lower ends of the sheath are respectively able to abut against the first stepped surface and the upper end of the elastic member; The upper end face of the elastic element can abut against the lower end face of the external spline, and the lower end face of the elastic element can abut against the second step surface and the third step surface. The central shaft assembly is provided with a spiral ridge, the hammer body is an annular structure, the hammer body is provided with a spiral groove corresponding to the spiral ridge, the hammer body is provided with a first protrusion, the housing assembly includes an annular groove, the hammer body is placed in the annular groove, and the annular groove is provided with a second protrusion. The hammer body can move axially relative to the central shaft assembly under the drive of the housing assembly, and rotate circumferentially in the annular groove under the drive of the helical ridge, so as to generate an impact on the housing assembly when the first protrusion strikes the second protrusion.
2. The drilling vibration damping and torsion drilling tool as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The central shaft assembly includes a first central shaft and a second central shaft that are fixedly connected. The first central shaft and the second central shaft are provided with through fluid channels inside; The first central shaft is provided with the external spline; The second central axis is provided with the spiral ridge; The lower outer diameter of the first central shaft is smaller than the upper outer diameter of the second central shaft to form the third stepped surface.
3. The drilling shock-absorbing and torsion-excited drill bit as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The housing assembly includes a connected first housing and a second housing; The lower inner diameter of the first housing is smaller than the upper inner diameter of the second housing to form the first stepped surface; The second housing has a first boss in the middle, and the upper end surface of the first boss forms the second stepped surface.
4. The drilling vibration damping and torsion drilling tool as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The sheath fits into the second housing, and the upper and lower ends of the sheath can respectively abut against the first stepped surface and the upper end of the elastic element.
5. The drilling shock-absorbing and torsion-excited drill bit as described in claim 4, characterized in that, Also includes: Prevent blocks from falling; The first central shaft has a portion of the external spline area provided with an anti-drop block receiving groove, the anti-drop block is disposed in the anti-drop block receiving groove, and the anti-drop block is in contact with the sheath.
6. The drilling shock-absorbing and torsion-excited drill bit as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The housing assembly further includes a third housing connected to the second housing; the lower part of the second housing is provided with a stepped portion, and the upper inner diameter of the third housing is smaller than the lower inner diameter of the second housing to form the annular groove.
7. The drilling shock-absorbing and torsion-excited drill bit as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Also includes: Limiting ring; The limiting ring is disposed in the annular groove, and the upper and lower end faces of the limiting ring respectively contact the upper end faces of the punch body and the third housing.
8. The drilling shock-absorbing and torsion-excited drill bit as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Also includes: The lower connector is fixedly connected to the third housing; The lower connector is used to connect to the lower drilling tool. The inner diameter of the lower connector is larger than the outer diameter of the second central shaft.
9. The drilling vibration damping and torsion drilling tool as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Also includes: First dynamic seal and second dynamic seal; The first dynamic seal is disposed between the first housing and the first central shaft; The second dynamic seal is disposed between the third housing and the second central shaft.
10. The drilling shock-absorbing and torsion-excited drill bit as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The upper and lower surfaces of the punch are chrome-plated.
11. A drilling apparatus, characterized in that, Includes an upper drilling tool, a lower drilling tool, and a drilling shock-absorbing and torsion-excited drilling tool as described in any one of claims 1-10; The drilling shock-absorbing and torsion-excited drill bit is connected to the upper drill bit and the lower drill bit, respectively.
12. The application of a drilling vibration damping and torsion drilling tool according to any one of claims 1-10 in drilling.