Aqueous humor circulation model of human eye for teaching

Abstract

The application discloses a teaching simulative human eyeball aqueous humor circulation model in the technical field of eyeball aqueous humor circulation models, which comprises a model box, an eyeball model assembly arranged in the model box, a functional body arranged at the top of the model box and a pump assembly arranged in the functional body. The eyeball model assembly comprises an eyeball wall, an eyeball and an optic nerve, and the eyeball wall is provided with a cornea at the front end. An iris is arranged on the side of the cornea close to the eyeball, the space between the cornea and the iris is an anterior chamber, the included angle between the cornea and the iris is an anterior chamber angle, the center of the iris is provided with a pupil, the iris is provided with a lens on the side close to the eyeball, the lens is provided with a zonular ligament around the lens, and the other end of the zonular ligament is fixedly connected with a ciliary body. The space between the iris and the lens constitutes a posterior chamber. The application has the advantages of simple structure, simulation of the process that the aqueous humor is retained in the eye to press the optic nerve when the anterior chamber angle is closed or the aqueous humor outflow passage is blocked, and convenience for medical students to understand the process that the optic nerve is pressed by the increased intraocular pressure when the aqueous humor passage is blocked.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of ocular aqueous humor circulation models, specifically a teaching model that simulates the ocular aqueous humor circulation of a real person. Background Technology

[0002] The human eye is a remarkably complex natural optical instrument and one of the human sensory organs. The human visual organ comprises the eyeball, visual pathway, and appendages. The human eye is nearly spherical in shape and is called the eyeball. In basic medical courses, students need to learn about the structure and function of the eye. In modern teaching, teachers can use an eyeball model as a teaching aid to help explain the structure and function of the eyeball more clearly and intuitively.

[0003] The anatomical structures of the human eyeball include the external eyeball wall, the contents of the eyeball, and the optic nerve at the posterior pole. The transparent anterior segment of the eyeball wall is the cornea, behind which is the iris. The space between the iris and the cornea is the anterior chamber, and the angle between the cornea and the iris is the anterior chamber angle. The pupil is located at the center of the iris. Behind the iris is the lens, which is connected to the ciliary body by the suspensory ligaments of the lens. The space between the iris and the lens forms the posterior chamber, and the pupil connects the anterior and posterior chambers. The scleral venous sinus is located at the edge of the cornea, and the trabecular meshwork is located behind the scleral venous sinus.

[0004] The ciliary body produces aqueous humor, which provides essential nutrients to the cornea and lens, removes metabolic waste products from these tissues, maintains the normal physiological functions of the cornea and lens, preserves their transparency, and maintains intraocular pressure. The production of aqueous humor is approximately 2–3 μl per minute, roughly equivalent to 1 / 100th of the anterior chamber volume. Under normal circumstances, aqueous humor circulates dynamically and maintains a certain intraocular pressure (10–21 mmHg). Its circulation pathway is as follows: produced by the ciliary body → enters the posterior chamber → crosses the pupil to reach the anterior chamber → then enters the scleral venous sinus from the trabecular meshwork of the anterior chamber → then flows through the collecting ducts and aqueous veins → drains into the anterior ciliary vein on the scleral surface → returns to the bloodstream. Approximately 20% drains from the ciliary body band at the angle into the ciliary muscle space via the uveal-scleral pathway, and a small portion is absorbed through the iris surface recesses.

[0005] However, some patients experience problems with aqueous humor circulation. When aqueous humor circulation is impaired, the patient will develop glaucoma, which is mainly divided into four categories: First, primary glaucoma. Second, secondary glaucoma. Third, mixed glaucoma. Fourth, developmental glaucoma. Primary glaucoma is related to aqueous humor circulation and is further divided into angle-closure glaucoma (closed angle) and open-angle glaucoma (open angle). Angle-closure glaucoma is caused by the closure of the anterior chamber angle, obstructing the outflow of aqueous humor. In open-angle glaucoma, the anterior chamber angle is open, but due to abnormalities in the trabecular meshwork structure, aqueous humor drainage is obstructed, leading to increased intraocular pressure and damage to the optic nerve. If not intervened in time, it may eventually lead to blindness. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a teaching model that simulates the aqueous humor circulation of a real eye, simulating the circulation process and providing a more intuitive simulation and demonstration of angle-closure and open-angle glaucoma, so that students can more intuitively distinguish between the two types of glaucoma. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a teaching model that mimics the aqueous humor circulation of a real human eye, intuitively simulating and demonstrating the aqueous humor circulation process.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a teaching model that imitates the aqueous humor circulation of a real human eyeball, comprising a transparent model box, an eyeball model component inside the model box, a hollow transparent functional body at the top of the model box, water filling the functional body, a pump component inside the functional body, the functional body being fixedly connected to the top wall inside the model box, and the eyeball model component being located inside the model box.

[0008] The eyeball model components include the external eyeball wall, the eyeball inside the eyeball wall, and the optic nerve at the posterior pole of the eyeball. The cornea is located at the anterior end of the eyeball wall, and the globus optic nerve is located at the top and bottom of the cornea. The iris is located on the side of the cornea closest to the globus optic nerve. The space between the iris and the cornea is the anterior chamber, and the angle between the cornea and the iris is the anterior chamber angle. The pupil is located at the center of the iris, and an expiratory sac is located on the iris. The lens is located on the side of the iris closest to the eyeball, and the suspensory ligaments of the lens surround the lens. The suspensory ligaments of the lens are fixedly connected to the ciliary body, and a globus optic nerve is located within the ciliary body. The space between the iris and the lens constitutes the posterior chamber.

[0009] The water-filled sphere is connected to a first pipe, and the end of the first pipe away from the water-filled sphere is connected to the output end of the pump assembly; the rear chamber and the water-filled sphere are connected through a connecting pipe, and one end of the expansion bladder is connected to a second pipe, which is connected to the pump assembly; one end of the circulation sphere is connected to the water-filled sphere, and the other end of the circulation sphere is connected to a third pipe, which is connected to the anterior chamber, and the iris can contact and compress the third pipe;

[0010] The eyeball contains a light source, which is signal-connected to a controller. The light source and the pupil are on the same horizontal line, and the entire device is made of transparent material. The controller is signal-connected to the pump assembly.

[0011] The basic principle of the solution is as follows: 1. Aqueous humor circulation: When the pump assembly is started, water is introduced into the first tube under the drive of the pump assembly. The water will flow into the reservoir and then into the posterior chamber. The water flows into the anterior chamber through the pupil and then into the third tube. The water will then flow into the circulation sphere and then into the reservoir through the connecting tube, thus realizing the circulation of aqueous humor.

[0012] 2. Light source imaging: The controller controls the light source to light up, and then the light source at the light source point shines towards the pupil. As a result, only a portion of the light can pass through the aperture and shine onto the cornea, which then emits the light source. Thus, the observer can observe the aqueous humor circulation process while simultaneously observing the imaging situation.

[0013] 3. Interaction between aqueous humor circulation and light source imaging: The controller controls the output of the pump assembly and randomly injects different amounts of water into the water reservoir. This results in random flow of water into the rear chamber and a relatively random flow of water into the anterior chamber. Simultaneously, the controller controls the pump assembly to inject water into the second pipe. As different amounts of water are injected into the expansion bladder, the iris deforms accordingly and expands towards the anterior chamber. During iris expansion, because the pupil is connected to the iris, the iris undergoes a corresponding displacement. The more water in the expansion bladder, the greater the pupil displacement, thus increasing the distance between the pupil and the light source. Therefore, varying the object distance results in different image sizes.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the basic scheme are: 1. The flow of water in the room can be intuitively displayed through the reproduction design of pipes and overall models, which is convenient for students to learn.

[0015] 2. By observing the size of the image formed on the cornea, the flow of aqueous humor can be observed more intuitively, and it can also be seen whether the flow path of aqueous humor is blocked. At the same time, the maximum and minimum values ​​of the image can be used to determine whether glaucoma is present. For teaching, professional knowledge can be transformed into simpler and easier-to-understand knowledge, thus facilitating students' comprehension.

[0016] 3. When the anterior chamber angle is closed or the outflow pathway of aqueous humor is blocked, the simulation shows the process of aqueous humor accumulating in the eye and compressing the optic nerve. These intuitive animations help medical students quickly grasp the circulation pathway of aqueous humor and understand the process of increased intraocular pressure compressing the optic nerve when the aqueous humor pathway is blocked.

[0017] Furthermore, the bottom of the functional unit is symmetrically equipped with an "L"-shaped placement plate, and the eyeball model component is located on top of the placement plate.

[0018] The advantages of the basic scheme are: placing the eyeball model component directly above the placement plate, so that the eyeball model component is in a relatively suspended state inside the model box, which makes it easier for students to observe the overall situation of the eyeball model component, thereby reducing the problem that the four corners of the eyeball model component are not convenient to observe.

[0019] Furthermore, a lettering frame is fixedly connected to the inner side of the cornea. The shape of the lettering frame fits the inner side of the cornea, and an inverted reminder font groove is engraved on the lettering frame. The reminder font groove is located in the light path of the light source.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the basic scheme are: by using the reminder font slot, light can be converted into corresponding fonts. When the distance between the object and the light source changes, the size of the refracted light source also changes. However, because the position of the letter frame is fixed, the size of the light source that can be received by the reminder font slot varies. Therefore, by reflecting different parts of the reminder font, the flow of aqueous humor and the changes in the anterior chamber angle can be observed more intuitively.

[0021] Furthermore, the top of the model box is equipped with an infusion port, the top of the functional box is equipped with a guide port that communicates with the infusion port, and the top of the model box is equipped with a sealing plug that can be inserted into the infusion port and the guide port.

[0022] The advantages of the basic solution are: the pump assembly can directly draw water from the functional box to achieve the circulation of room water, thus making the device more convenient to carry and reducing the need for external connection of various drive components, which would otherwise make it inconvenient to transport.

[0023] Furthermore, an imaging plate is fixedly connected inside the simulation chamber, and the imaging plate is located on the front side of the cornea.

[0024] The beneficial effect of the basic scheme is that it allows the image to be displayed more intuitively on the imaging plate, thus enabling students to observe the flow of aqueous humor more directly.

[0025] Furthermore, the bottom of the functional body is provided with a sliding groove, and the top of the placement plate is provided with a "T"-shaped slider corresponding to the sliding groove. The slider is located in the sliding groove, and the placement plate and the functional body slide laterally through the slider and the sliding groove.

[0026] The advantages of the basic solution are: it makes it easy to place eyeball model components of different sizes on the placement plate, and after placement, the placement plate can be pushed together to increase the stability of the eyeball model components.

[0027] Furthermore, both placement plates are fixedly connected to threaded rods via ball bearings on the side closest to the inner wall of the model box. The threaded rods pass through the inner wall of the model box and extend to the outside of the model box. The model box and the threaded rods are threaded at the contact point, and the model box and the threaded rods are threaded together.

[0028] The beneficial effect of the basic scheme is that by manually rotating the threaded rod, the placement plate moves laterally within the model box, which facilitates the adjustment of the placement plate while reducing the possibility of accidental misalignment and increasing the stability of the device.

[0029] Furthermore, the inner walls of the placement board are all equipped with anti-slip textures.

[0030] The beneficial effect of the basic solution is that it increases the friction when the placement plate comes into contact with the eyeball model component, thereby making the eyeball model component more stably placed on the top of the placement plate.

[0031] Furthermore, it also includes an intraocular pressure display component, which includes several pressure sensors, respectively disposed on the inner wall of the cornea, the anterior side of the lens, and the third canal;

[0032] The intraocular pressure display component also includes a display and a controller. The pressure sensor is connected to the controller via signal connection, and the display is also connected to the controller via signal connection. The display is fixedly mounted on one side of the model box.

[0033] The beneficial effects of the basic scheme are: the pressure sensor collects pressure information from the anterior chamber, posterior chamber and third tube, and then the pressure sensor transmits the collected pressure information to the controller. The controller processes the pressure information and transmits the processed pressure information to the display. This allows students to intuitively observe the changes in intraocular pressure when glaucoma occurs. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a side view of a teaching model simulating the aqueous humor circulation of a real human eyeball, as described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A side sectional view of the eyeball model component.

[0036] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Side view of the anterior chamber in the image.

[0037] Figure 4 for Figure 1 The front sectional view of the model box in the image. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The following detailed description illustrates the specific implementation method:

[0039] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings include: eyeball model assembly 1, eyeball 101, optic nerve 102, light source 103, posterior chamber 104, anterior chamber 105, pupil 106, cornea 107, iris 108, lens suspensory ligament 109, water reservoir 110, ciliary body 111, circulatory bulb 112, third tube 113, expansion sac 114, lens 115, second tube 116, first tube 117, model box 2, functional body 3, infusion port 4, drainage port 5, pump assembly 6, imaging plate 9, threaded rod 10, placement plate 11, slide 12, slider 13.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] The basics are as follows: Figure 1-4 As shown: A teaching model that simulates the aqueous humor circulation of a real human eyeball includes a transparent model box 2, an eyeball model component 1 inside the model box 2, a hollow transparent functional body 3 at the top of the model box 2, water inside the functional body 3, a pump component 6 inside the functional body 3, and the functional body 3 is fixedly connected to the top wall inside the model box 2. The eyeball model component 1 is located inside the model box 2.

[0042] The eyeball model component 1 includes an external eyeball wall, an eyeball 101 within the eyeball wall, and an optic nerve 102 at the posterior pole of the eyeball 101. A transparent cornea 107 is provided at the anterior end of the eyeball wall, and a circular bulb 112 is provided at both the top and bottom of the cornea 107. An iris 108 is provided on the side of the cornea 107 closest to the bulb, and the cavity between the iris 108 and the cornea 107 is the anterior chamber 105. The angle between the cornea 107 and the iris 108 is the anterior angle. At the anterior chamber angle, a pupil 106 is located at the center of the iris 108, and an expansion sac 114 is located on the iris 108. A lens 115 is located on the side of the iris 108 closest to the eyeball 101. A suspensory ligament 109 is located around the lens 115, and the suspensory ligament 109 is fixedly connected to the ciliary body 111. A water-retaining bulb 110 is located inside the ciliary body 111. The cavity between the iris 108 and the lens 115 forms the posterior chamber 104.

[0043] The water-filled ball 110 is connected to a first pipe 117, and the end of the first pipe 117 away from the water-filled ball 110 is connected to the output end of the pump assembly 6; the rear chamber 104 and the water-filled ball 110 are connected through a connecting pipe, and one end of the expansion bladder 114 is connected to a second pipe 116, which is connected to the pump assembly 6; one end of the circulation ball 112 is connected to the water-filled ball 110, and the other end of the circulation ball is connected to a third pipe 113, which is connected to the anterior chamber 105, and the iris 108 can contact and compress the third pipe 113;

[0044] The eyeball 101 contains a light source 103, which is signal-connected to a controller. The light source 103 and the pupil 106 are located on the same horizontal line, and the entire device is made of transparent material. The controller is signal-connected to the pump assembly 6. Specifically, the controller is preferably an HT66F30 microcontroller, and the light source 103 is preferably a YJC-MT-IC.

[0045] The specific implementation process is as follows: When circulating aqueous humor in the eyeball 101, the pump assembly 6 is started. Driven by the pump assembly 6, the pump assembly 6 inputs water into the first pipe 117, whereby the water flows into the water storage bulb 110 and simultaneously flows through the water storage bulb 110 into the posterior chamber 104. The water source flows through the pupil 106 into the anterior chamber 105, and then the water flows to the third pipe 113 and into the circulation bulb. The water in the circulation bulb then flows through the connecting pipe into the water storage bulb 110, thereby realizing the circulation of aqueous humor in the eyeball 101.

[0046] The controller controls the light source 103 to light up, and then the light source at the light source 103 shines towards the pupil 106. As a result, only a portion of the light can pass through the aperture and shine onto the cornea 107, and the cornea 107 emits the light source. Thus, the observer can observe the aqueous humor circulation process and the imaging situation at the same time.

[0047] The controller controls the output of the pump assembly 6 and randomly injects different amounts of water into the water storage ball 110. As a result, the amount of water flowing into the rear chamber 104 is random, and the amount of water flowing into the front chamber 105 is also relatively random. At the same time, the controller controls the pump assembly 6 to inject water into the second pipe 116. When different amounts of water are injected into the expansion bladder 114, the iris 108 will deform accordingly and expand towards the front chamber 105. When the iris 108 expands, because the pupil 106 is connected to the iris 108, the iris 108 will displace accordingly. The more water in the expansion bladder 114, the greater the displacement of the pupil 106, and the farther the distance between the pupil 106 and the light source 103 will be.

[0048] Furthermore, when the pump assembly 6 only injects water into the first tube 117, the posterior chamber 104 and the anterior chamber 105 are connected and the water circulates, and the object distance between the light source 103 and the pupil 106 remains unchanged, and the image is formed through the cornea 107; at this time, the water circulation in the anterior chamber and bulb is in a normal and healthy state, and the formed image is also larger and clearer.

[0049] When the pump assembly 6 injects water into the first tube 117 and the second tube 116 respectively, the iris 108 expands when the amount of water in the second tube 116 is small. This increases the object-image distance between the pupil 106 and the light source 103, and the divergence angle decreases accordingly. As a result, the light tends to converge to a point, and the size of the formed image becomes smaller. At this time, the angle of the anterior chamber 105 will gradually decrease. When the angle of the anterior chamber 105 decreases, less water flows to the third tube 113. This can lead to open-angle glaucoma, where the angle of the anterior chamber 105 gradually narrows, which actually prevents the aqueous humor from flowing smoothly, thus causing chronic intraocular pressure elevation and gradually damaging the optic nerve. Therefore, as the image formed at the cornea 107 gradually decreases in size, it is possible to observe more directly the narrowing of the anterior chamber 105 angle and the gradual formation of open-angle glaucoma.

[0050] When the pump assembly 6 increases the amount of water input into the second tube 116 and inputs the water relatively quickly, the iris 108 expands significantly. As a result, the object-image distance between the pupil 106 and the light source 103 is maximized, and the image size formed is correspondingly minimized. When the iris 108 expands significantly, the root of the iris 108 will press against the position of the third tube 113, preventing the water in the anterior chamber 105 from flowing into the recirculating bulb 112. This will cause blockage of the eyeball's water circulation, which will lead to angle-closure glaucoma. The angle of the anterior chamber 105 is blocked, preventing the aqueous humor from flowing out, and thus causing a sharp increase in intraocular pressure. Therefore, when the image formed through the cornea 107 is the smallest, the formation of angle-closure glaucoma can be observed more directly.

[0051] Therefore, by differentiating the size of the image at point 107 on the cornea, the flow of aqueous humor can be observed more intuitively, and it can also be observed whether the flow path of aqueous humor is blocked. At the same time, the maximum and minimum values ​​of the image can be used to determine whether glaucoma is present. For teaching, professional knowledge can be transformed into simpler and easier-to-understand knowledge, thus facilitating students' comprehension.

[0052] Example 2

[0053] The difference from the above embodiments is that the functional body 3 has an “L”-shaped placement plate 11 symmetrically arranged at the bottom, and the eyeball model component 1 is located on the top of the placement plate 11.

[0054] The specific implementation process is as follows: When placing the eyeball model component 1, place the eyeball model component 1 directly above the placement plate 11. Thus, the eyeball model component 1 is in a relatively suspended state inside the model box 2, which makes it easier for students to observe the overall situation of the eyeball model component 1 and reduces the problem that the four corners of the eyeball model component 1 are not convenient to observe.

[0055] Example 3

[0056] The difference from the above embodiment is that a lettering frame is heat-fused to the inner side of the cornea 107, the shape of the lettering frame is fitted to the inner side of the cornea 107, and an inverted reminder font groove is engraved on the lettering frame, the reminder font groove is located in the light path of the light source 103.

[0057] The specific implementation process is as follows: The image formed by the light source 103 through the pupil will first come into contact with the letter frame. At the same time, the light can be converted into corresponding characters through the reminder font slot. When the distance between the object and the light source 103 changes, the size of the refracted light source also changes. However, because the position of the letter frame is fixed, the size of the light source that can be received by the reminder font slot is different. Therefore, by reflecting different parts of the reminder font, the flow of aqueous humor and the change of the anterior chamber angle 105 can be observed more intuitively.

[0058] Example 4

[0059] The difference from the above embodiment is that the top of the model box 2 has an infusion port 4, the top of the function box has a guide port 5 that communicates with the infusion port 4, and the top of the model box 2 is detachably connected with a sealing plug that can be inserted into the infusion port 4 and the guide port 5.

[0060] The specific implementation process is as follows: Open the sealing plug, then inject water into the functional box. After the water is injected, seal the infusion port 4 and the guide port 5 with the sealing plug. The pump assembly 6 can then directly draw water from the functional box to achieve the circulation of aqueous humor. This makes the device relatively portable, reducing the need for external connections to various drive components and thus minimizing the inconvenience of transport.

[0061] Example 5

[0062] The difference from the above embodiment is that an imaging plate 9 is also welded inside the simulation box, and the imaging plate 9 is located on the front side of the cornea 107.

[0063] The specific implementation process is as follows: The design of the imaging plate 9 allows the image to be displayed more intuitively on the imaging plate 9, thereby enabling students to observe the flow of aqueous humor more intuitively.

[0064] Example 6

[0065] The difference from the above embodiment is that the functional body 3 has a groove 12 at the bottom, and the top of the placement plate 11 is welded with a "T"-shaped slider 13 corresponding to the groove 12. The slider 13 is located in the groove 12, and the placement plate 11 and the functional body 3 slide laterally through the slider 13 and the groove 12.

[0066] The specific implementation process is as follows: By directly pulling the placement plate 11 by hand, the spacing between the placement plates 11 can be changed accordingly, which makes it easier to place eyeball model components 1 of different sizes on the placement plate 11. After placement, the placement plates 11 can be pushed together to increase the stability of the eyeball model components 1.

[0067] Example 7

[0068] The difference from the above embodiment is that both placement plates 11 are welded with threaded rods 10 by ball bearings on the side near the inner wall of the model box 2. The threaded rods 10 pass through the inner wall of the model box 2 and extend to the outside of the model box 2. The model box 2 and the threaded rods 10 are threaded at the contact point. The model box 2 and the threaded rods 10 are threadedly engaged.

[0069] The specific implementation process is as follows: When pushing or pulling the placement plate 11, the threaded rod 10 can be rotated by hand, thereby causing the placement plate 11 to move laterally within the model box 2. This facilitates the adjustment of the placement plate 11 while reducing the possibility of accidental misalignment of the placement plate 11 and increasing the stability of the device.

[0070] Example 8

[0071] The difference from the above embodiments is that the inner sidewalls of the placement plate 11 are engraved with anti-slip textures.

[0072] The specific implementation process is as follows: The anti-slip texture design increases the friction when the placement plate 11 contacts the eyeball model component 1, thereby making the eyeball model component 1 more stably placed on the top of the placement plate 11.

[0073] Example 9

[0074] The difference from the above embodiments is that it also includes an intraocular pressure display component, which includes a plurality of pressure sensors, which are respectively disposed on the inner wall of the cornea 107, the anterior side of the lens 115 and the third tube 113; wherein the pressure sensors include, but are not limited to, the above-mentioned installation positions, and can be adjusted and installed according to actual needs; the preferred model of the pressure sensor is SK103B.

[0075] The intraocular pressure display component also includes a display and a controller. The pressure sensor is connected to the controller via signal connection, and the display is also connected to the controller via signal connection. The display is fixedly installed on one side of the model box 2. The display can show the changes in intraocular pressure when aqueous humor is blocked, controlled by the controller. The controller is preferably an HT66F30 microcontroller, and the display is preferably a TFT-H040A12DHIIL4N40.

[0076] The specific implementation process is as follows: When the aqueous humor becomes blocked, several pressure sensors will collect the pressure at the anterior chamber 105, posterior chamber 104 and third tube 113. The collected pressure information will be transmitted to the controller. The controller will receive the pressure information and process it in advance. After processing, the pressure information will be transmitted to the display. The display can then show the changes in intraocular pressure, making it easier for students to observe the changes in intraocular pressure in glaucoma.

[0077] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0078] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention. Commonly known structures and characteristics are not described in detail here. Those skilled in the art are aware of all common technical knowledge in the field prior to the application date or priority date, are aware of all existing technologies in that field, and have the ability to apply conventional experimental methods prior to that date. Those skilled in the art can, under the guidance of this application, improve and implement this solution in combination with their own capabilities. Some typical known structures or methods should not be obstacles for those skilled in the art to implement this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the structure of the present invention. These should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention, and will not affect the effectiveness of the implementation of the present invention or the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection claimed in this application should be determined by the content of its claims, and the specific embodiments described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A teaching model simulating the aqueous humor circulation of a real eyeball, characterized in that: It includes a transparent model box, inside which is an eyeball model component. The top of the model box has a hollow, transparent functional body filled with water and containing a pump component. The functional body is fixedly connected to the top wall inside the model box, and the eyeball model component is located inside the model box. The eyeball model components include the external eyeball wall, the eyeball inside the eyeball wall, and the optic nerve at the posterior pole of the eyeball. The cornea is located at the anterior end of the eyeball wall, and the globus optic nerve is located at the top and bottom of the cornea. The iris is located on the side of the cornea closest to the globus optic nerve. The space between the iris and the cornea is the anterior chamber, and the angle between the cornea and the iris is the anterior chamber angle. The pupil is located at the center of the iris, and an expiratory sac is located on the iris. The lens is located on the side of the iris closest to the eyeball, and the suspensory ligaments of the lens surround the lens. The suspensory ligaments of the lens are fixedly connected to the ciliary body, and a globus optic nerve is located within the ciliary body. The space between the iris and the lens constitutes the posterior chamber. The water-filled sphere is connected to a first pipe, and the end of the first pipe away from the water-filled sphere is connected to the output end of the pump assembly; the rear chamber and the water-filled sphere are connected through a connecting pipe, and one end of the expansion bladder is connected to a second pipe, which is connected to the pump assembly; one end of the circulation sphere is connected to the water-filled sphere, and the other end of the circulation sphere is connected to a third pipe, which is connected to the anterior chamber, and the iris can contact and compress the third pipe; The eyeball contains a light source, which is signal-connected to a controller. The light source and the pupil are on the same horizontal line, and the entire device is made of transparent material. The controller is signal-connected to the pump assembly.

2. The teaching model simulating the aqueous humor circulation of a real eyeball according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the functional unit is symmetrically equipped with an "L"-shaped placement plate, and the eyeball model component is located on top of the placement plate.

3. The teaching model simulating the aqueous humor circulation of a real eyeball according to claim 2, characterized in that: A lettering frame is fixedly connected to the inner side of the cornea. The shape of the lettering frame fits the inner side of the cornea, and the lettering frame has an inverted reminder font groove engraved on it. The reminder font groove is located in the light path of the light source.

4. The teaching model simulating the aqueous humor circulation of a real eyeball according to claim 3, characterized in that: The top of the model box is equipped with an infusion port, the top of the function box is equipped with a guide port that communicates with the infusion port, and the top of the model box is equipped with a sealing plug that can be inserted into the infusion port and the guide port.

5. The teaching model simulating the aqueous humor circulation of a real eyeball according to claim 4, characterized in that: An imaging plate is also fixedly connected inside the simulation chamber, located on the front side of the cornea.

6. The teaching model simulating the aqueous humor circulation of a real eyeball according to claim 5, characterized in that: The functional unit has a groove at the bottom, and the top of the placement plate has a "T"-shaped slider corresponding to the groove. The slider is located in the groove, and the placement plate and the functional unit slide laterally through the slider and the groove.

7. The teaching model simulating the aqueous humor circulation of a real eyeball according to claim 6, characterized in that: Both placement plates are fixedly connected to threaded rods via ball bearings on the side closest to the inner wall of the model box. The threaded rods pass through the inner wall of the model box and extend to the outside of the model box. The model box and the threaded rods are threaded at the contact point. The model box and the threaded rods are threaded together.

8. The teaching model simulating the aqueous humor circulation of a real eyeball according to claim 7, characterized in that: The inner walls of the placement board are all textured with anti-slip patterns.

9. The teaching model simulating the aqueous humor circulation of a real eyeball according to claim 8, characterized in that: It also includes an intraocular pressure display component, which includes several pressure sensors, which are respectively located on the inner wall of the cornea, the anterior side of the lens and the third canal; The intraocular pressure display component also includes a display and a controller. The pressure sensor is connected to the controller via signal connection, and the display is also connected to the controller via signal connection. The display is fixedly mounted on one side of the model box.

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