Shape memory alloy friction energy dissipation support and replacement method

Abstract

This invention discloses a shape memory alloy friction energy dissipation support and its replacement method, comprising: a support body, including a support main body, a support base plate assembly, and a support top plate assembly, the support main body being sandwiched between the support base plate assembly and the support top plate assembly; a shape memory alloy friction energy dissipation device being installed at one end on the support top plate assembly and at the other end on the support base plate assembly; a dismounting device adjustment and limiting plate assembly, a dismounting device upper plate assembly, and a dismounting device movable plate assembly; the dismounting device upper plate assembly includes a dismounting device upper plate, one surface of which is flat and the other surface is an inclined surface with one end higher than the other; the dismounting device movable plate assembly includes a dismounting device movable plate, one surface of which is flat and the other surface is inclined, the movable plate being sandwiched between the dismounting device upper plate and the support top plate assembly, the inclined surface of the dismounting device upper plate cooperating with the inclined surface of the dismounting device movable plate. This ensures the horizontal stiffness of the support and allows for simple and quick replacement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of prestressing, and more particularly to a friction energy dissipation support based on shape memory alloy and a replacement method thereof. Background Technology

[0002] Bridge bearings are crucial structural components connecting the superstructure and substructure of a bridge. They reliably transfer the reactions and deformations (displacement and rotation) of the superstructure to the substructure. Pot bearings, spherical bearings, rubber bearings, and seismic isolation bearings are widely used in various types of highway, municipal, and railway bridges due to their high load-bearing capacity, large displacement capacity, and wide temperature range.

[0003] Currently, in bridge structures, pot bearings, spherical bearings, rubber bearings, or seismic isolation bearings have advantages such as stabilizing the support of the superstructure and reducing the upward transmission of seismic energy. However, these bearings still have some drawbacks, such as low horizontal stiffness and lack of additional stiffness.

[0004] Meanwhile, because the supports bear a large load on the upper beam, the beam must be lifted synchronously with ultra-large tonnage jacking equipment before the supports can be replaced. The larger the support, the greater the limitations of the jacking equipment and jacking space, making the support replacement more difficult, costly, slow, and having a significant impact on traffic. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a friction energy dissipation support based on shape memory alloy and a replacement method that allows for simple and quick replacement while ensuring the horizontal stiffness of the support.

[0006] A shape memory alloy friction energy dissipation support includes: a support body, a dismounting device, and a shape memory alloy friction energy dissipation device; the support body includes a support main body, a support base plate assembly, and a support top plate assembly, the support main body being sandwiched between the support base plate assembly and the support top plate assembly; one end of the shape memory alloy friction energy dissipation device is installed on the support top plate assembly, and the other end is installed on the support top plate assembly; the dismounting device includes a dismounting device adjustment and limiting plate assembly, a dismounting device upper plate assembly, and a dismounting device movable plate assembly; the dismounting device upper plate assembly includes a dismounting device upper plate, one surface of which is a plane and the other surface is an inclined surface with one end higher than the other; the dismounting device movable plate assembly includes a dismounting device movable plate, one surface of which is a plane and the other surface is an inclined surface; the dismounting device movable plate is sandwiched between the dismounting device upper plate and the support top plate assembly, and the inclined surface of the dismounting device upper plate cooperates with the inclined surface of the dismounting device movable plate.

[0007] In one embodiment, the upper plate assembly of the unloading device further includes a first wear-resistant sliding plate of the unloading device. The inclined surface of the upper plate of the unloading device is provided with a groove that matches the first wear-resistant sliding plate of the unloading device, and the first wear-resistant sliding plate of the unloading device is embedded in the groove.

[0008] In one embodiment, the movable plate assembly of the unloading device further includes a first metal plate and a second metal plate. The inclined surface of the movable plate of the unloading device is provided with a matching first metal plate, and the flat surface of the movable plate of the unloading device is provided with a matching second metal plate.

[0009] In one embodiment, raised limiting guide baffles are provided on both sides of the inclined surface of the upper plate of the unloading device, and the movable plate assembly of the unloading device is located between the two limiting guide baffles.

[0010] In one embodiment, the support top plate assembly is located between the two limiting guide baffles.

[0011] In one embodiment, the unloading device further includes an unloading device adjusting limit plate assembly, wherein the two ends of the unloading device movable plate are provided with limit grooves, and the unloading device adjusting limit plate assembly is embedded in the limit grooves.

[0012] In one embodiment, the unloading device adjusting limit plate assembly includes at least two flat plates or inclined plates arranged in the left-right direction.

[0013] A method for replacing a friction energy dissipation support based on shape memory alloy includes the following steps: S3: Remove the adjusting limit plate assembly of the unloading device, and the movable plate assembly of the unloading device is in a left-right sliding state; S4: Apply a horizontal load to the movable plate assembly of the unloading device to make it slide towards the thicker side, and remove the movable plate assembly of the unloading device; S5: Horizontally pull out the old support body; S6: Horizontally pull in the new support body and place it in place.

[0014] In one embodiment, after step S6, the following steps are also included: S7: reinstalling the unloading device movable plate assembly in the original direction before replacement; S8: applying a horizontal load to the unloading device movable plate assembly to cause it to slide to the thinner side; S9: reinstalling the unloading device adjusting limit plate assembly back into the limit grooves provided at both ends of the unloading device movable plate assembly, applying a horizontal load to the unloading device movable plate assembly to cause it to slide to the thinner side, thus locking the unloading device movable plate assembly, the support top plate, and the unloading device upper plate assembly into a left and right limit state.

[0015] In one embodiment, before step S3, the following steps are included: S1: Measure the elevation of the bottom of the beam, install a dial indicator or distance measuring instrument between the support pad and the bottom of the beam, and record the original distance; S2: Install temporary support nearby; In step S8, the following steps are included: When the movable plate assembly of the unloading device slides to the thinner side, observe the change of the dial indicator or distance measuring instrument value until the dial indicator or distance measuring instrument value reaches the original distance recorded before replacement; After step S9, the following step is included: S10: Remove the temporary support and complete the support replacement.

[0016] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of the shape memory alloy friction energy dissipation support of the present invention are as follows:

[0017] 1. The movable plate assembly of the unloading device is thick at one end and thin at the other. The support can be replaced by moving the movable plate assembly of the unloading device horizontally. The operation is simple and quick. In addition, there is an adjusting limit plate assembly of the unloading device, which can constrain the position of the movable plate assembly of the unloading device and provide sufficient horizontal rigidity for the support of the support.

[0018] 2. A shape memory alloy friction energy dissipation device is installed at one end on the top plate assembly of the support and at the other end on the bottom plate assembly of the support. Through the constraint effect of the shape memory alloy friction energy dissipation device, the relative position of the top plate assembly and the bottom plate assembly of the support can be guaranteed, providing sufficient horizontal stiffness for the support of the support.

[0019] 3. This replacement method involves installing a detachment device on the support. The detachment device has inclined, cylindrical, spherical, and planar friction pairs inside to reduce the sliding friction coefficient. The detachment device is lowered or raised by horizontal loading, so as to release or press the support body. The operation is simple and quick, and there is no need to raise the beam top.

[0020] The invention will become clearer from the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are used to explain embodiments of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the front view of the shape memory alloy friction energy dissipation support according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a bottom view schematic diagram of the shape memory alloy friction energy dissipation support according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the upper plate assembly of the unloading device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a bottom view of the upper plate assembly of the unloading device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the movable plate assembly of the unloading device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a bottom view of the movable plate assembly of the unloading device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the front and right views of one of the inclined plates of the unloading device adjusting limit plate assembly in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the front and right views of another inclined plate of the unloading device adjusting limit plate assembly in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 9 This is a partial sectional view of the front view of an embodiment of the present invention based on a shape memory alloy friction energy dissipation support;

[0031] Figure 10 This is a top partial cross-sectional view of a shape memory alloy friction energy dissipation support according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 11 This is a top view of the concave plate in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 12 This is a partial sectional view of the front view of an embodiment of the present invention, showing a fourth friction pad provided on the concave plate;

[0034] Figure 13 This is a top view of the convex plate in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 14 This is a front sectional view of a convex plate with a third friction plate and a sixth friction plate in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 15 This is a top view of the second flat plate in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 16 This is a front sectional view of the second plate having a second friction plate and a fifth friction plate in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 17 This is a top view of the first flat plate in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 18 This is a front sectional view of the first flat plate having a first friction pad in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 19 This is a top view of the SMA connecting plate in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the SMA rope structure in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Among them, 10. Support body; 11. Support main body; 12. Support top plate assembly; 13. Support bottom plate assembly; 20. Shape memory alloy friction energy dissipation device; 30. Unloading device; 31. Unloading device adjusting limit plate assembly; 32. Unloading device upper plate assembly; 33. Unloading device movable plate assembly; 34. Unloading device upper plate; 35. Unloading device movable plate; 36. Unloading device wear-resistant sliding plate one; 45. Metal plate one; 37. Metal plate two; 38. Limiting guide baffle; 40. Limiting groove. 41a, 41b, inclined plate; 42, bolt anchoring assembly; 43, wear-resistant sliding plate of the unloading device (second part); 44, inclined surface of the upper plate of the unloading device; 47a, 47b, flying wing; 100, first connecting seat; 110, SMA connecting plate; 111, first connecting part; 112, elastic tension section; 113, second connecting part; 114, connecting hole; 200, second connecting seat; 300, SMA rope; 310, anchor head; 320, fastener; 400, first friction pair; 410, first plate. 411. First groove; 412. First friction plate; 413. Mounting hole; 420. Second flat plate; 421. Second groove; 422. Second friction plate; 423. Second limiting edge; 424. First mounting groove; 425. Fifth friction plate; 500. Second friction pair; 510. Convex plate; 511. V-shaped wedge surface; 512. Inclined surface; 513. Third groove; 514. Third friction plate; 515. Elongated hole; 516. Sixth friction plate; 517. Ear plate; 518. Shoulder; 520. Concave plate; 521. V-shaped groove surface; 522. Fourth groove; 523. Fourth friction plate; 524. Limiting block; 525. First limiting edge; 526. Second mounting groove; 600. Movable pin; 610. Connecting pin. Detailed Implementation

[0043] Embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0044] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," "front end," "rear end," "both ends," "one end," and "the other end," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0045] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "equipped with," "connected," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0046] like Figures 1 to 20 As shown, this embodiment of a friction energy dissipation support based on shape memory alloy includes a support body 10, a dismounting device 30, and a shape memory alloy friction energy dissipation device 20.

[0047] 1. The support body 10 includes a support body 11, a support base plate assembly 13, and a support top plate assembly 12. The support body 11 is sandwiched between the support base plate assembly 13 and the support top plate assembly 12. One end of the shape memory alloy friction energy dissipation device 20 is installed on the support top plate assembly 12, and the other end is installed on the support base plate assembly 13.

[0048] The bearing body 11 can be any one of pot bearing, spherical bearing, rubber bearing or seismic isolation bearing.

[0049] The support top plate assembly 12 is disposed on the upper part of the support body 11. The upper surface of the support top plate assembly 12 is provided with a groove that matches the wear-resistant sliding plate 43 of the unloading device. The wear-resistant sliding plate 43 of the unloading device is embedded in the groove.

[0050] The support base plate assembly 13 is located at the lower part of the support body 11, and the support base plate assembly 13 is provided with a bolt anchoring assembly 42 for connection with the pier.

[0051] 2. The unloading device 30 includes an unloading device adjustment and limiting plate assembly 31, an unloading device upper plate assembly 32, and an unloading device movable plate assembly.

[0052] The unloading device upper plate assembly 32 includes an unloading device upper plate 34 and an unloading device wear-resistant sliding plate 36. One surface of the unloading device upper plate 34 is a flat surface, and the other surface is an inclined surface 44 with one end higher than the other (any inclined surface that facilitates removal is acceptable, including but not limited to inclined planes, cylindrical surfaces, spherical surfaces, etc.). The inclined surface 44 of the unloading device upper plate 34 has a groove that matches the unloading device wear-resistant sliding plate 36, and the unloading device wear-resistant sliding plate 36 is embedded in the groove. Protruding limiting guide baffles 38 are provided on both sides of the inclined surface 44 of the unloading device upper plate 34. The movable plate assembly is located between the two limiting guide baffles 38. The inner sides of the limiting guide baffles 38 are locked onto the outer sides of the two sides of the support top plate assembly 12. This not only limits the front and rear sides of the support, but also allows the movable plate 35 of the unloading device to freely increase or decrease in height during the pulling out or sliding process. At the same time, it guides the movable plate 35 of the unloading device during the pulling out or sliding process to prevent deviation. The upper plate 34 of the unloading device is provided with a bolt anchoring assembly 42 that connects to the beam body, anchoring the unloading device 30 to the upper beam structure.

[0053] The movable plate assembly of the unloading device cooperates with the upper plate assembly 32 of the unloading device and the top plate assembly 12 of the support. The movable plate assembly of the unloading device includes a movable plate 35 and two metal plates 45 and 37 (including but not limited to stainless steel plates, chrome-plated plates, or nickel-phosphorus alloy plates). One surface of the movable plate 35 is flat, and the other surface is inclined (any inclined surface that facilitates removal is acceptable, including but not limited to inclined planes, cylindrical surfaces, spherical surfaces, etc.). The inclined surface of the movable plate 35 is provided with a matching metal plate 45, and the flat surface of the movable plate 35 is provided with a matching metal plate 37 (including but not limited to stainless steel plates, chrome-plated plates, or nickel-phosphorus alloy plates). The metal plates 45, 37 and the movable plate 35 can be connected by welding, riveting or bonding. The unloading device 30 also includes an unloading device adjustment and limiting plate assembly 31. The unloading device movable plate assembly has limiting grooves 40 at both ends. The unloading device movable plate 35 has limiting grooves 40 at both ends. The unloading device adjustment and limiting plate assembly 31 is embedded in the limiting grooves 40.

[0054] The limiting groove 40 houses the adjusting limiting plate assembly 31 of the unloading device, which limits the movement of the movable plate assembly of the unloading device on both sides. The movable plate 35 of the unloading device is sandwiched between the upper plate 34 of the unloading device and the top plate assembly 12 of the support. The inclined surface of the upper plate 34 of the unloading device matches the inclined surface of the movable plate 35 of the unloading device. The metal plate 45 and the wear-resistant sliding plate 36 of the unloading device are in frictional contact.

[0055] The unloading device adjustment and limiting plate assembly 31 is located between the left and right sides of the support top plate assembly 12 and the horizontal gap of the limiting groove 40. It is used to limit the movement of the unloading device movable plate assembly after it has been adjusted to its correct position on-site, preventing slippage that could cause the beam elevation to rise or fall and the support to become dislodged. The unloading device adjustment and limiting plate assembly 31 includes at least two flat or inclined plates arranged in the left-right direction. In this embodiment, the unloading device adjustment and limiting plate assembly 31 is composed of multiple flat or inclined plates of different thicknesses (any inclined surface that facilitates removal is acceptable, including but not limited to inclined planes, cylinders, spheres, etc.). In this embodiment, inclined plates 41a and 41b are included. The upper ends of inclined plates 41a and 41b are provided with wings to facilitate locking them above the limiting groove 40 and prevent them from falling.

[0056] The shape memory alloy friction energy dissipation device 20 is installed at one end on the support top plate assembly 12 and at the other end on the support bottom plate assembly 13. Through the constraint effect of the shape memory alloy friction energy dissipation device 20, the relative position of the support top plate assembly 12 and the support bottom plate assembly 13 can be guaranteed, providing sufficient horizontal stiffness for the support of the support.

[0057] III. The shape memory alloy friction energy dissipation device 20 includes: a first connecting seat 100; a second connecting seat 200; an SMA rope 300; a first friction pair 400, the first friction pair 400 including a first plate 410 and a second plate 420, the first plate 410 and the second plate 420 being stacked; a second friction pair 500, the second friction pair 500 including a convex plate 510 and a concave plate 520, the convex plate 510 and the concave plate 520 being stacked, the convex plate 510 having a convex surface, the concave plate 520 having a concave surface, the convex surface and the concave surface wedging together; wherein, the first friction pair 400 and the second friction pair 500 are stacked, the first plate 410 is connected to the first connecting seat 100, the convex plate 510 is connected to the first connecting seat 100, the second plate 420 is connected to the second connecting seat 200, the concave plate 520 is connected to the second connecting seat 200, and the SMA rope 300 is wrapped around the first friction pair 400 and the second friction pair 500 and locked. A predetermined preload is applied to the SMA rope 300 to tighten the first friction pair 400 and the second friction pair 500, so that the first friction pair 400 and the second friction pair 500 always tend to return to their initial state.

[0058] The SMA rope 300 has an anchor head 310 at one end and a fastener 320 at the other end. The fastener 320 is connected to the anchor head 310 to lock the SMA rope 300. In this embodiment, the SMA rope 300 is an SMA steel wire rope, which is made of SMA wire through a twisting process. SMA refers to shape memory alloys (SMA), which have deformation recovery capabilities. When the shape of the material is changed, its inherent shape memory effect (SME) can be activated, automatically generating recovery stress and strain, driving the material to return to its original shape. The anchor head 310 and the SMA steel wire rope are formed by extrusion. After extrusion, the outer surface of the anchor head 310 is threaded. The fastener 320 is a nut, and the threaded engagement achieves anchoring. Figure 12 As shown, the SMA rope 300 can be a U-shaped or circumferential O-shaped structure, binding and anchoring the first friction pair 400 and the second friction pair 500 into a whole. It is then anchored using fasteners 320 after applying a specified preload to the SMA rope 300. However, this embodiment is not limited to this one; other methods can also be used to support the SMA rope 300.

[0059] This embodiment includes two second friction pairs 500. The first friction pair 400 includes two second flat plates 420, with a first flat plate 410 sandwiched between the two second flat plates 420. The first friction pair 400 is sandwiched between the two second friction pairs 500, and a protruding plate 510 abuts against the second flat plates 420. The outer surface of the first friction pair 400 is provided with a first mounting groove 424, in which the SMA rope 300 is accommodated. This prevents the SMA rope 300 from slipping and also provides a force application point for the SMA rope 300, ensuring that the SMA rope 300 always applies a preload to the first friction pair 400 and the second friction pair 500. The outer surface of the second friction pair 500 is provided with a second mounting groove 526, in which the SMA rope 300 is accommodated. However, this embodiment is not limited to this one; the appropriate number of the first friction pair 400 and the second friction pair 500 can be selected, and their arrangement can be changed.

[0060] In this embodiment, the concave plate 520 facing the convex plate 510 is further provided with two protruding first limiting edges 525. The first limiting edges 525 constrain the sliding direction of the convex plate 510, and the convex plate 510 slides between the two limiting edges. The concave plate 520 has a continuous first mounting groove 424 on its outward-facing side and side. The second plate 420 has two protruding second limiting edges 423 on its side facing the first plate 410. The second limiting edges 423 constrain the sliding direction of the first plate 410, and the first plate 410 slides between the two second limiting edges 423. The side of the second plate 420 has a second mounting groove 526.

[0061] The first plate 410 has a first groove 411 on the side facing the second plate 420, and a first friction plate 412 is provided in the first groove 411. The first friction plate 412 is embedded in the first groove 411. In this embodiment, both sides of the first plate 410 face the second plate 420, and both sides of the first plate 410 have the first groove 411 and the first friction plate 412. The first friction plate 412 is a stainless steel plate, which can be fixed to the first support plate by welding, riveting, or bonding. The second plate 420 has a second groove 421 on the side facing the first plate 410, and a second friction plate 422 is provided in the second groove 421. The second friction plate 422 is embedded in the second groove 421. The first friction plate 412 and the second friction plate 422 can be made of different materials to form different energy consumption levels; the second friction plate 422 is a wear-resistant sliding plate. In this embodiment, a first plate 410 is sandwiched between two second plates 420, with both sides of the first plate 410 facing the second plate 420. Each side of the first plate 410 is provided with two first grooves 411 and two corresponding first friction plates 412. The second plate 420 is provided with one second groove 421 and one corresponding second friction plate 422. The first friction plate 412 and the second friction plate 422 rub against each other to dissipate energy.

[0062] The second plate 420 has a protruding limiting block 524 on the side facing the first plate 410. The limiting block 524 restricts the maximum sliding distance of the first plate 410 relative to the second plate 420, so as to prevent the first friction pair 400 and the second friction pair 500 from falling apart.

[0063] The convex surface on the convex plate 510 is a V-shaped wedge surface 511, which includes two inclined surfaces 512 that are joined together to form a V shape. The two inclined surfaces 512 are inclined toward the first mounting base and the second mounting base respectively, and the concave surface is a V-shaped groove surface 521.

[0064] A third groove 513 is provided on the inclined surface 512, and a third friction plate 514 is provided within the third groove 513. The third friction plate 514 is embedded in the third groove 513. The third friction plate 514 is a stainless steel plate, which can be fixed to the third support plate by welding, riveting, or bonding. A fourth groove 522 is provided on the side of the concave plate 520 facing the convex plate 510, and a fourth friction plate 523 is provided within the fourth groove 522. The fourth friction plate 523 is a wear-resistant sliding plate. The third friction plate 514 and the fourth friction plate 523 rub against each other to dissipate energy.

[0065] Furthermore, after the first friction pair 400 and the second friction pair 500 are stacked, the second flat plate 420 and the convex plate 510 also generate frictional energy dissipation. A fifth friction plate 425 is provided on the side of the second flat plate 420 facing the convex plate 510, and a sixth friction plate 516 is provided on the side of the convex plate 510 facing the second flat plate 420. The fifth friction plate 425 and the sixth friction plate 516 rub against each other to dissipate energy. In this embodiment, the fifth friction plate 425 is a wear-resistant sliding plate, and the sixth friction plate 516 is a stainless steel plate. The side of the second flat plate 420 facing the convex plate 510 also has two second limiting edges 423, and the convex plate 510 slides between the two second limiting edges 423.

[0066] The protruding plate 510 has an elongated hole 515 and a movable pin 600 that can move along the elongated hole 515. The movable pin 600 passes through the elongated hole 515 to install the protruding plate 510 onto the first connecting seat 100. One end of the protruding plate 510 near the first connecting seat 100 has an ear plate 517. The elongated hole 515 is located on the ear plate 517. The width of the ear plate 517 is narrower than the width of the protruding plate 510, forming a shoulder 518 on the protruding plate 510. When the travel of the protruding plate 510 is too large, the shoulder 518 can abut against the limiting block 524 to achieve a limit.

[0067] The first connecting seat 100 is provided with an SMA connecting plate 110, one end of which is connected to the first connecting seat 100 and the other end is connected to the movable pin 600.

[0068] The SMA connecting plate 110 includes a first connecting portion 111, an elastic tension section 112, and a second connecting portion 113 connected in sequence. The elastic tension section 112 is narrower than the first connecting portion 111 and the second connecting portion 113. When the SMA connecting plate 110 is stretched, it is mainly the elastic tension section 112 that is stretched and provides the rebound force. The first connecting portion 111 is connected to the first connecting seat 100 via a connecting pin 610 (which can be configured as a rotatable or non-rotatable connection), and the second connecting portion 113 is connected to a movable pin 600 (which can be configured as a rotatable or non-rotatable connection). The second connecting portion 113 is provided with a connecting hole 114, and the first plate 410 is provided with a mounting hole 413. The movable pin 600 passes through the mounting hole 413 and the connecting hole 114. The movable pin 600 cannot slide within the connecting hole 114 and the mounting hole 413 along the sliding direction of the first friction pair 400.

[0069] Both the first connecting seat 100 and the second connecting seat 200 are provided with through holes for installation. One of the first connecting seat 100 and the second connecting seat 200 is fastened to the upper structure of the building structure, and the other is fastened to the lower structure of the building structure.

[0070] In this embodiment, four movable pins 600 are provided, the convex plate 510 is provided with four elongated holes 515 arranged side by side, and correspondingly, the second connecting part 113 is provided with four connecting holes, and the first plate 410 is provided with four mounting holes. This can realize the balanced pulling of the first friction pair 400 and the second friction pair 500, so as to balance the force and avoid the first friction pair 400 and the second friction pair 500 from being skewed.

[0071] Explanation of the inventive principle of this invention:

[0072] (1) Under normal use, when the displacement caused by temperature change is less than or equal to the center distance of the elongated hole 515 of the concave plate 520, the movable pin 600 can move freely within the center distance of the elongated hole 515. The first friction pair 400 will experience frictional sliding, but the second friction pair 500 will not experience frictional sliding. Together they form the friction pair at the first level, forming the first level of interactive energy dissipation. Within the first level displacement range, only the planar friction pair participates in the work to generate the first level frictional damping force. At this stage, the SMA rope 300 is in the initial tensile state with the specified preload applied. The first level frictional damping force presents a horizontal straight line state with a small initial stiffness, which satisfies the deformation caused by the thermal expansion and contraction of the structure.

[0073] (2) In the state of minor and moderate earthquakes, the movement of the movable pin 600 exceeds the center distance of the elongated hole 515. Exceeding the first displacement range will cause the first friction pair 400 and the second friction pair 500 to slide simultaneously. The first friction pair 400 slides in a plane to form a plane friction pair, while the second friction pair 500 slides on the inclined plane 512 to form an inclined plane friction pair. Together, they form the friction pair in the second stage. During the sliding process of the inclined plane friction pair, the distance between the convex plate 510 and the concave plate 520 will increase. During this stage, the SMA rope 300 will be stretched. The stress-strain relationship of the SMA rope 300 will enter the hyperelastic stage. The stress-strain relationship makes the SMA rope 300 have the ability to dissipate energy during the deformation process. Within the second displacement range, the first friction pair 400, the second friction pair 500, and the SMA rope 300 are stretched together to generate the second friction damping force. The second friction resistance presents an upward inclined curve. The superelasticity of the SMA rope 300 itself ensures that when the vibration is unloaded, the large strain generated during the loading process of the SMA rope 300 will recover as the unloading occurs without residual deformation. During the recovery process, it is in a state of stretching and then contraction, providing a large anchoring force to act on the second friction pair 500 to generate a restoring force, thereby realizing the self-resetting function of the energy dissipation device.

[0074] (3) Under a major earthquake, the convex plate 510 slides to a position blocked by the limiting block 524 of the concave plate 520. Exceeding the second-order displacement range, the SMA connecting plate 110 will be stretched. The stress-strain relationship of the elastic tensile section 112 of the SMA connecting plate 110 will enter the hyperelastic stage. The stress-strain relationship enables the SMA connecting plate 110 to have energy dissipation capacity during deformation. Within the third-order displacement range, the SMA connecting plate 110 is stretched and participates in the work to generate third-order friction damping force. The third-order friction resistance presents an upward steep curve. The hyperelasticity of the SMA connecting plate 110 itself means that after the vibration is unloaded, the large strain generated during the loading process of the SMA connecting plate 110 will recover with the unloading and will not produce residual deformation. This realizes the self-resetting function of the energy dissipation device and avoids irreparable damage caused by plastic deformation during loading.

[0075] Thus, this invention achieves three levels of energy dissipation through planar sliding energy dissipation, combined planar inclined plane sliding energy dissipation, and tensile energy dissipation using superelastic shape memory alloy materials, meeting the performance requirements of energy dissipation devices under different earthquake conditions. Furthermore, the SMA rope 300 and SMA connecting plate 110 have self-resetting characteristics, automatically resetting after vibration unloading, driving the energy dissipation device of this invention back to its initial state to prepare for the next vibration.

[0076] Not limited to this, the present invention can adjust the number of friction pairs by changing the number and arrangement order of the first friction pair 400 and the second friction pair 500. Different friction coefficients can be obtained by using different materials of the first friction plate 412, the second friction plate 422, the third friction plate 514, the fourth friction plate 523, the fifth friction plate 425, and the sixth friction plate 516. At the same time, by changing the slope of the second friction pair 500 or adjusting the stiffness, different damping forces can be provided to achieve energy dissipation.

[0077] In this invention, the SMA rope 300 pre-tightens and anchors the first friction pair 400 and the second friction pair 500, and the SMA connecting plate 110 is pre-stretched. Combined with the inclined friction pair formed by the second friction pair 500, no residual deformation will be generated after unloading, thus realizing the self-resetting function of the energy-consuming device.

[0078] In this invention, wear-resistant sliding plates and stainless steel plates are used to form friction pairs between concave plate 520 and convex plate 510, between convex plate 510 and second plate 420, and between first plate 410 and second plate 420. This results in stable performance, good wear resistance, convenient maintenance, and low cost.

[0079] The replacement method for the shape memory alloy friction energy dissipation support in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0080] S1. Measure the bottom elevation of the beam, install a dial indicator or distance measuring instrument between the support pad and the bottom of the beam, and record the original distance;

[0081] S2. Install temporary supports on the front and rear sides of the support near the support. The temporary supports are in a tight state between the bottom of the beam and the lower pier. The temporary supports can be steel casings, sand boxes, or multi-layer thick and thin steel plates. The temporary supports can be adjusted according to different heights.

[0082] S3. Remove the adjusting limit plate assembly 31 of the unloading device. The movable plate assembly of the unloading device is in a state where it can slide left and right.

[0083] S4. Apply a horizontal load to the movable plate assembly of the unloading device. The horizontal load is a pushing horizontal load on the thin side of the movable plate assembly and a pulling horizontal load on the thick side of the movable plate assembly, causing the movable plate assembly to slide towards the thick side, the beam to descend, and the support to be in an unloaded state. Observe the changes in the values ​​of the dial gauge or rangefinder. At this time, the load on the upper beam is converted to be supported by temporary supports. Remove the movable plate assembly of the unloading device.

[0084] S5. Unscrew the anchor bolts connected to the support base plate assembly 13 and pull out the old support body 10 horizontally.

[0085] S6. Horizontally drag in the new support body 10 into place. The specifications, dimensions and structure of the new support body 10 are consistent with the old support body 10 that is being replaced. Tighten the anchor bolts connected to the support base plate assembly 13.

[0086] S7. Reinstall the unloading device movable plate assembly in the original direction before replacement. Drag the unloading device movable plate assembly until it is in close contact with the unloading device wear-resistant sliding plate 43 on the top plate of the support and the unloading device wear-resistant sliding plate 36 below the unloading device upper plate assembly 32. The unloading device movable plate assembly is in a state where it can slide left and right.

[0087] S8. Apply a horizontal load to the movable plate assembly of the unloading device. The horizontal load is applied by pulling a horizontal load on the thin side of the movable plate assembly of the unloading device and by pushing a horizontal load on the thick side of the movable plate assembly of the unloading device, causing the movable plate assembly of the unloading device to slide to the thin side, the beam to rise, and the support to be in a loaded state. Observe the changes in the values ​​of the dial gauge or distance measuring instrument until the values ​​of the dial gauge or distance measuring instrument reach the original distance recorded before replacement. At this time, the upper beam load transfer position is supported by the support body 10, and the temporary support is in an unloaded state.

[0088] S9. Reinstall the unloading device adjustment limit plate assembly 31 back into the limit grooves 40 provided at both ends of the unloading device movable plate assembly, so that the unloading device movable plate assembly, the support top plate and the unloading device upper plate assembly 32 are mutually locked in the left and right limit state, so as to prevent the unloading device movable plate assembly from slipping and causing the beam elevation to rise or fall, resulting in the support becoming detached.

[0089] S10. Remove the horizontal loading device, remove the temporary support, and complete the support replacement.

[0090] This replacement method utilizes a descent device 30 installed on the support. The descent device 30 contains inclined, cylindrical, spherical, and planar friction pairs to reduce the coefficient of sliding friction. Horizontal loading is used to lower or raise the descent device 30, thereby releasing or clamping the support body 10. According to the work principle, F = G*h / L + 2*G*u, meaning that with the load G and the coefficient of friction u remaining constant, the value of F is determined by the h / L ratio. To minimize the F value, h / L is designed to be as small as possible. Therefore, the horizontal load required to replace the support is only a few percent of the upper load, eliminating the need for large-tonnage lifting equipment, making support replacement more convenient and construction simpler. (F--Horizontal load, L-Horizontal sliding distance, G-Upper load, h-Descent or rise height, u-Coefficient of friction; when using silicone grease lubrication, the coefficient of friction is approximately 0.01).

[0091] The present invention has been described above in conjunction with the preferred embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed above, but should cover various modifications and equivalent combinations made in accordance with the essence of the present invention.

Claims

1. A friction energy dissipation support based on shape memory alloy, characterized in that, include: Support body, unloading device, shape memory alloy friction energy dissipation device; The support body includes a support body, a support base plate assembly, and a support top plate assembly. The support body is sandwiched between the support base plate assembly and the support top plate assembly. One end of the shape memory alloy friction energy dissipation device is installed on the support top plate assembly, and the other end is installed on the support base plate assembly. The unloading device includes an unloading device adjusting and limiting plate assembly, an unloading device upper plate assembly, and an unloading device movable plate assembly. The unloading device upper plate assembly includes an unloading device upper plate, one surface of which is a plane and the other surface is an inclined plane with one end higher than the other. The unloading device movable plate assembly includes an unloading device movable plate, one surface of which is a plane and the other surface is an inclined plane. The unloading device movable plate is sandwiched between the unloading device upper plate and the support top plate assembly, and the inclined plane of the unloading device upper plate cooperates with the inclined plane of the unloading device movable plate.

2. The shape memory alloy friction energy dissipation support according to claim 1, characterized in that, The unloading device upper plate assembly also includes an unloading device wear-resistant sliding plate. The inclined surface of the unloading device upper plate is provided with a groove that matches the unloading device wear-resistant sliding plate, and the unloading device wear-resistant sliding plate is embedded in the groove.

3. The shape memory alloy friction energy dissipation support according to claim 1, characterized in that, The movable plate assembly of the unloading device also includes a metal plate one and a metal plate two. The inclined surface of the movable plate of the unloading device is provided with a matching metal plate one, and the flat surface of the movable plate of the unloading device is provided with a matching metal plate two.

4. The shape memory alloy friction energy dissipation support according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper plate of the unloading device is provided with protruding limiting guide baffles on both sides of the inclined surface, and the movable plate assembly of the unloading device is located between the two limiting guide baffles.

5. The shape memory alloy friction energy dissipation support according to claim 4, characterized in that, The support top plate assembly is located between the two limiting guide baffles.

6. The shape memory alloy friction energy dissipation support according to claim 1, characterized in that, The unloading device also includes an adjusting and limiting plate assembly for the unloading device. The two ends of the movable plate of the unloading device are provided with limiting grooves, and the adjusting and limiting plate assembly for the unloading device is embedded in the limiting grooves.

7. The shape memory alloy friction energy dissipation support according to claim 6, characterized in that, The unloading device adjusting limit plate assembly includes at least two flat or inclined plates arranged in the left-right direction.

8. A method for replacing a shape memory alloy friction energy-dissipating support according to claim 1, characterized in that, Including the following steps: S3: Remove the adjusting limit plate assembly of the unloading device; the movable plate assembly of the unloading device is in a state where it can slide left and right. S4: Apply a horizontal load to the movable plate assembly of the unloading device to make it slide to the thicker side and remove the movable plate assembly of the unloading device. S5: Horizontally pull out the old support body; S6: Horizontally drag in the new support body into place.

9. The replacement method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Following step S6, the following steps are also included: S7: Reinstall the unloading device movable plate assembly in the original direction before replacement; S8: Apply a horizontal load to the movable plate assembly of the unloading device to cause the movable plate assembly of the unloading device to slide to the thinner side; S9: Reinstall the unloading device adjusting limit plate assembly back into the limit grooves provided at both ends of the unloading device movable plate assembly, apply a horizontal load to the unloading device movable plate assembly, causing the unloading device movable plate assembly to slide to the thinner side, and lock the unloading device movable plate assembly, support top plate and unloading device upper plate assembly into a left and right limit state.

10. The replacement method according to claim 9, characterized in that, Before step S3, the following steps are also included: S1: Measure the bottom elevation of the beam, install a dial indicator or distance measuring instrument between the support pad and the bottom of the beam, and record the original distance; S2: Install temporary supports nearby; Step S8 also includes: when the movable plate assembly of the unloading device slides to the thinner side, observing the change in the value of the dial indicator or rangefinder until the value of the dial indicator or rangefinder reaches the original distance recorded before replacement. Following step S9, the following steps are also included: S10: Remove temporary supports and complete the replacement of the supports.

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