Stator structure and motor and vehicle having the same

Abstract

The application provides a stator structure, a motor and a vehicle with the same, and belongs to the technical field of motors.The stator structure comprises the following: an inner circumferential surface of a stator body has a plurality of stator slots; and a stator winding is wound and fixed in the stator slots, and the stator winding forms a multi-layer winding structure at the end of each stator slot, wherein the winding layer close to the center of the stator body is an end transposition layer, the end transposition layer at least comprises a first combined conductor and a second combined conductor, the span of the first combined conductor is greater than the span of the second combined conductor, the first combined conductor forms a first torsion portion at the end outside the stator slot, so that the plurality of sub-conductors in the first combined conductor are distributed differently in the spatial position at both ends of the first torsion portion, and the second combined conductor forms a second torsion portion at the end outside the stator slot, so that the plurality of sub-conductors in the second combined conductor are distributed differently in the spatial position at both ends of the second torsion portion.The application solves the problem of high eddy current loss and circulating current loss of the motor in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of motor structure design technology, and more specifically, to a stator structure and a motor and vehicle having the same. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of new energy vehicle technology, the performance requirements for vehicle drive motors are becoming increasingly stringent, and the speed of drive motors is constantly increasing. As drive motor speeds rise, the excessive AC losses in the windings at high speeds have become a key issue for new energy vehicle motors. Currently, new energy motors typically employ flat wire winding structures. Under the influence of high-frequency stator currents, the AC losses within the flat wire conductors increase significantly, mainly due to: 1. The time-varying magnetic field generated when AC current flows through the conductor, forming eddy currents and eddy current losses within the conductor; 2. The skin effect and proximity effect under high-frequency currents significantly increase the AC resistance of the stator windings; this additional loss is called stator winding additional loss; 3. Stator slot leakage flux and end leakage flux cause potential differences in parallel branches, ultimately forming loop currents within the parallel branches, i.e., loop losses. All of these AC losses are positively correlated with frequency, severely impacting the efficiency and heat dissipation of new energy motors in the high-speed range. Drawing inspiration from large AC motors, winding transposition technology can balance the potential difference between turns, effectively reducing the loop currents and losses in the flat wire windings.

[0003] However, due to the compact structure of automotive permanent magnet motors and the small space and axial length of the stator slots, it is difficult to adopt the complex transposition structure used in traditional large AC motors. At the same time, transposition in the stator slots will have a significant impact on the stator slot fill factor, resulting in an increase in the DC resistance of the motor. Since the operating conditions of automotive motors are complex and variable, the stator winding technology of automotive motors needs to take into account both low DC resistance and low AC resistance (high speed and high frequency conditions). The transposition technology in slots widely used in traditional large motors is difficult to apply to automotive permanent magnet motors.

[0004] There is currently no effective solution to the aforementioned problems in the existing technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this invention is to provide a stator structure and a motor and vehicle having the same, in order to solve the problems of high eddy current loss and circulating current loss in existing motors.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, according to one aspect of the present invention, a stator structure is provided, comprising: a stator body having a plurality of stator slots on its inner circumferential surface; a stator winding fixedly wound within the stator slots, the stator winding forming a multi-layer winding structure at the ends of each stator slot, wherein a portion of the winding layer near the center of the stator body is an end transposition layer, the end transposition layer including at least a first combined conductor and a second combined conductor, the span of the first combined conductor being greater than the span of the second combined conductor, a first torsion portion being formed at the end of the first combined conductor outside the stator slot, such that the spatial positions of a plurality of sub-conductors within the first combined conductor are different at both ends of the first torsion portion, and a second torsion portion being formed at the end of the second combined conductor outside the stator slot, such that the spatial positions of a plurality of sub-conductors within the second combined conductor are different at both ends of the second torsion portion; wherein the second torsion portion is located at the bottom of the first torsion portion, and the second torsion portion has an inner extension extending radially along the stator body to avoid a portion of the first combined conductor.

[0007] Furthermore, the first combined conductor is a pin-type combined conductor, which includes an insulating shell and multiple sub-conductors. The insulating shell has a rectangular groove inside, and the multiple sub-conductors are arranged in a preset order within the rectangular groove.

[0008] Furthermore, the second combined conductor is a pin-type combined conductor, which includes an insulating shell and multiple sub-conductors. The insulating shell has a rectangular groove inside, and the multiple sub-conductors are arranged in a preset order within the rectangular groove.

[0009] Furthermore, multiple sub-conductors are evenly divided into several layers and stacked in a rectangular groove. The axial direction of the first combined conductor is the first direction, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction. The cross-section of the first end of the first torsion part along the second direction is the first cross-section, and the cross-section of the second end of the first torsion part along the second direction is the second cross-section. The central symmetry line of the rectangular groove about the stacking direction of the sub-conductors is the first axis. The positional distribution of each sub-conductor in the first cross-section and the positional distribution of each sub-conductor in the second cross-section are symmetrical about the first axis.

[0010] Furthermore, multiple sub-conductors are uniformly divided into several layers and stacked in a rectangular groove. The axial direction of the second combined conductor is the first direction, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction. The cross-section of the first end of the second twisted part along the second direction is the first cross-section, and the cross-section of the second end of the second twisted part along the second direction is the second cross-section. The central symmetry line of the rectangular groove about the stacking direction of the sub-conductors is the first axis. The positional distribution of each sub-conductor in the first cross-section and the positional distribution of each sub-conductor in the second cross-section are symmetrical about the first axis.

[0011] Furthermore, the first torsion section has an extension section extending radially along the stator body, the length of which is less than the length of the inner extension section.

[0012] Furthermore, the stator winding is a flat wire winding.

[0013] Furthermore, the stator winding is fixed in the stator slot by a continuous wave winding process.

[0014] According to one aspect of the present invention, an electric motor is provided, including a stator structure, wherein the stator structure is as described above.

[0015] According to another aspect of the present invention, a vehicle is provided, including an electric motor, which is the electric motor described above.

[0016] By applying the technical solution of this invention, a first torsion section is formed at the end of the first combined conductor outside the stator slot, causing the spatial positions of multiple sub-conductors within the first combined conductor to differ at both ends of the first torsion section. Similarly, a second torsion section is formed at the end of the second combined conductor outside the stator slot, causing the spatial positions of multiple sub-conductors within the second combined conductor to differ at both ends of the second torsion section. This achieves torsion displacement of the winding at the end space, improving the potential difference problem of parallel conductors and helping to reduce winding eddy current losses and circulating current losses. Simultaneously, an inner extension section of the first combined conductor is provided in the second torsion section for avoidance, solving the problem of insufficient space during the end torsion process of continuously wave-wound compact windings, without increasing the end height. The technical solution of this application effectively solves the problem of high eddy current losses and circulating current losses in existing motors. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a first embodiment of the stator structure according to the present invention is shown;

[0019] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the stator structure according to the present invention is shown;

[0020] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a third embodiment of the stator structure according to the present invention is shown;

[0021] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a fourth embodiment of the stator structure according to the present invention is shown;

[0022] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a fifth embodiment of the stator structure according to the present invention is shown;

[0023] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a sixth embodiment of the stator structure according to the present invention is shown;

[0024] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a seventh embodiment of the stator structure according to the present invention is shown;

[0025] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the eighth embodiment of the stator structure according to the present invention is shown.

[0026] The above figures include the following reference numerals:

[0027] 1. Stator winding; 2. Stator body; 3. Permanent magnet; 4. Rotor; 5. Iron core; 7. First combined conductor; 8. End of ordinary flat wire winding; 9. Second combined conductor; 11. Busbar; 13. Multi-layer winding structure; 14. Branch conductor; 15. Insulating shell; 16. Extension section;

[0028] 71. First twisting part;

[0029] 91. Second twist section; 92. Inner extension section. Detailed Implementation

[0030] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0031] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0032] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms can be used interchangeably where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented, for example, in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0033] Exemplary embodiments according to this application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments may be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. It should be understood that these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure of this application is thorough and complete, and that the concept of these exemplary embodiments is fully conveyed to those skilled in the art. In the drawings, for clarity, the thickness of layers and regions may be exaggerated, and the same reference numerals are used to denote the same devices, and therefore their description will be omitted.

[0034] A permanent magnet motor is a type of motor that uses the magnetic field generated by permanent magnet materials to convert electrical energy into electrical energy. Compared with traditional motors, permanent magnet motors have advantages such as small size, light weight, high efficiency, fast response, and no need for external excitation, and are therefore widely used in various fields.

[0035] A permanent magnet motor mainly consists of two parts: a stator and a rotor. The coils on the stator generate a magnetic field, while the permanent magnets on the rotor rotate due to the influence of the stator's magnetic field. Permanent magnet motors can be classified into two types based on the method of magnetic field generation: surface permanent magnet motors and embedded permanent magnet motors.

[0036] Permanent magnet motors are widely used in electric vehicles, wind power generation, industrial production lines, and home appliances. With the continuous advancement of permanent magnet material technology and the reduction in cost, permanent magnet motors will find even wider applications in the future.

[0037] The complex transposition structure used in traditional large AC motors is difficult to apply to automotive permanent magnet motors, resulting in high AC losses and circulating current losses in automotive permanent magnet motors.

[0038] Combination Figures 1 to 8 As shown, according to a specific embodiment of this application, a stator structure is provided.

[0039] The stator structure includes: a stator body 2, the inner circumferential surface of which has multiple stator slots; a stator winding 1, which is wound and fixed within the stator slots, and the stator winding 1 forms a multi-layer winding structure 13 at the ends of each stator slot. The winding layer near the center of the stator body 2 in the multi-layer winding structure 13 is an end transposition layer, which includes at least a first combined conductor 7 and a second combined conductor 9. The span of the first combined conductor 7 is greater than the span of the second combined conductor 9. The ends of the first combined conductor 7 outside the stator slots form... The first twist portion 71 is formed so that the spatial positions of the multiple sub-conductors 14 in the first combined conductor 7 are different at both ends of the first twist portion 71. The second combined conductor 9 forms a second twist portion 91 at the end outside the stator slot so that the spatial positions of the multiple sub-conductors 14 in the second combined conductor 9 are different at both ends of the second twist portion 91. The second twist portion 91 is located at the bottom of the first twist portion 71 and has an inner extension 92 extending radially along the stator body 2 to avoid the portion of the first combined conductor 7.

[0040] By applying the technical solution of this invention, a first torsion section 71 is formed at the end of the first combined conductor 7 outside the stator slot, causing the spatial positions of the multiple sub-conductors 14 within the first combined conductor 7 to differ at both ends of the first torsion section 71. Similarly, a second torsion section 91 is formed at the end of the second combined conductor 9 outside the stator slot, causing the spatial positions of the multiple sub-conductors 14 within the second combined conductor 9 to differ at both ends of the second torsion section 91. This achieves torsion displacement of the winding at the end space, improving the potential difference problem of parallel conductors and helping to reduce winding eddy current losses and circulating current losses. Simultaneously, an inner extension section 92 of the first combined conductor 7 is provided in the second torsion section 91 to avoid the portion of the first combined conductor 7, solving the problem of insufficient space during the end torsion process of continuously wave-wound compact windings, without increasing the end height. The technical solution of this application effectively solves the problem of high eddy current losses and circulating current losses in existing motors.

[0041] By altering the winding at its end space, the potential difference problem of parallel conductors is improved, which helps to reduce winding eddy current losses and circulating current losses, while having little impact on the DC resistance of the motor. This transposition structure is suitable for automotive motors. Furthermore, the structural design of the second torsion section 91 can solve the problem of insufficient space during the torsion process of automotive motor windings at the ends.

[0042] The technical solution of this application provides an end winding transposition structure that meets the requirements of mass production, effectively balances the inter-turn potential difference of flat wire windings, and reduces AC losses in the windings. Furthermore, this structure is specifically designed for automotive permanent magnet motor wave windings, addressing the issue of insufficient space during end twisting in continuous wave windings through the inner extension 92 of the second twisting section 91. This winding utilizes end space without increasing end height, thus maintaining the outer winding structure and minimizing changes in the amount of copper used in the stator windings.

[0043] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4 The permanent magnet 3, rotor 4, iron core 5, ordinary flat wire winding end 8, and busbar 11 are also shown. Figure 2 As shown, there are a total of 8 winding layers. The 6 layers furthest from the center of the stator body 2 use ordinary flat wire windings and do not undergo end transposition. The two layers closest to the center of the stator body 2 are end-transposed layers. In end-transposed layers, "end" refers to the end of the pin conductor located outside the stator slot. Transposition refers to the change in the relative positions of the strands within the pin conductor during the length from one stator slot to another, which can be achieved through twisting. In the multi-layer winding structure 13, the winding layers closest to the center of the stator body 2 are end-transposed layers, meaning that only these layers require end transposition.

[0044] Only the inner end windings are torsional-shifted, while the outer windings retain their original structure. This structure takes advantage of the significant stator slot leakage flux and concentrated circulating current losses in the inner windings to suppress losses in a targeted manner, thus avoiding significant changes to the overall structure of the end windings and a substantial increase in manufacturing complexity and cost.

[0045] To reduce manufacturing complexity, the transposed windings are specifically designed for locations where circulating current losses primarily occur. The transposed windings are located in the inner layer of the end windings. Therefore, the outer layer of the end windings is not internally segmented or twisted, resulting in a unique structure where the inner and outer layers differ.

[0046] Taking a 6-pole 54-slot automotive permanent magnet motor as an example, this motor includes at least a stator winding 1, a stator body 2, a rotor 4, and a permanent magnet 3. The motor adopts a structure combining ordinary flat wire and transposed windings. Radially, the stator windings are divided into eight layers. The seventh and eighth layers, located near the stator slot openings, are the objects of transposition. Windings from different branches are connected via busbar 11. The remaining layers 1 to 6 are the outer windings, with no structural changes. The inner conductors in the 6-pole 54-slot continuous wave winding are divided into two types: long-span (i.e., the first combined conductor 7) and short-span (i.e., the second combined conductor 9), with a ratio of 2:1. The short-span winding is positioned between two long-span windings, and its end height is lower than that of the long-span windings. Therefore, the torsional portion of the short-span winding is surrounded by the long-span windings (meaning the second combined conductor is located at the bottom of the first combined conductor). The torsional portion of the long-span winding can be torsional-transposed 180° without interfering with other windings. It is important to note that the forming of the torsion part at this time must ensure that the insulation does not crack. Feasible methods include redundant design of insulation before forming or reprocessing of insulation of the torsion part after forming.

[0047] like Figure 3 As shown, the second winding layer near the center of the stator body 2 contains three windings, including two long-span windings (i.e., the first combined conductor 7) and one short-span winding (i.e., the second combined conductor 9). All three need to be transposed at their ends while crossing from the second winding layer to the stator slot. If end transposition is performed directly without modification, there will be insufficient transposition space. The second torsion section 91 has an inner extension 92 extending radially along the stator body 2 to avoid the first combined conductor 7, i.e., as shown... Figure 3 As can be visually demonstrated, extending the torsion repositioning of the second torsion section 91 towards the center of the stator body 2 avoids the space constraints imposed by the other two long-span windings (i.e., the first combined conductor 7). In fact, because the span of the short-span second combined conductor 9 is short, its height can also be made lower, thus fully utilizing the inner and bottom spaces of the windings. That is, to prevent the torsion portion of the short-span winding (i.e., the second combined conductor 9) from touching the surrounding long-span windings (i.e., the first combined conductor 7) and affecting the inter-winding insulation performance, its torsion is not performed directly like the long-span windings (i.e., the first combined conductor 7), but rather with an extension section design, torsion 90° across to the other side after avoiding the long-span windings. This structure has two significant advantages: first, it avoids the phenomenon of the short-span torsion portion significantly increasing in space and touching the long-span windings; second, it extends the 180° torsion repositioning process, allowing the torsion to be performed in steps, resulting in less shape change and stress on the local insulation, significantly reducing the technological difficulty of the insulation treatment at the torsion portion.

[0048] The ends of some windings undergo a significant 180° twist, inevitably resulting in a transition from a smooth transition to one winding overlapping another. While wave-wound windings reduce the number of welds at the winding ends in automotive permanent magnet motors, their connection method is more complex. The windings in the same phase are divided into different spans of varying lengths in the circumferential direction, with the shorter span winding generally positioned axially below the longer span winding, essentially being wrapped around it. Therefore, a special inwardly extending structure is used at the torsion point of the shorter span winding end, radially avoiding the torsion point of the longer span winding end, ensuring winding spacing and insulation thickness. This radially extending structure fully utilizes the empty space within the inner layer of the end layer, where no other structural components exist, and has no impact on the axial height of the motor.

[0049] In the above scheme, only the length of the short-span winding increases, while the stator copper material remains largely unchanged.

[0050] like Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the first combined conductor 7 is shown. Taking four conductors as an example, conductors 1 and 3 on the left are on the upper layer and are moved to the lower layer on the right after being twisted 180° at their ends. In this way, all windings pass through both the upper and lower layers, so the back EMF is consistent, and theoretically there is no inter-turn potential difference.

[0051] The first combined conductor 7 is a pin-type combined conductor, comprising an insulating shell 15 and multiple sub-conductors 14. The shell has rectangular slots inside, and the sub-conductors 14 are arranged in a predetermined order within these slots. The first combined conductor 7 is internally divided into four conductors. In addition to external insulation of the windings, insulation also exists between the conductors. This conductor division reduces eddy current losses in the inner windings and prepares for torsional shift. It should be noted that having an even number of conductors, such as two upper and two lower conductors, is also feasible.

[0052] Taking four conductors as an example, the conductors adopt a 2×2 grid structure, with each single strand consisting of four slotted conductors and grid-shaped insulation between them. Due to the low potential difference between the slotted conductors, the thickness of the grid-shaped insulation, i.e., the cross shape, can be slightly reduced. It should be noted that both equal division of the two conductors can achieve alternating torsional displacement.

[0053] Furthermore, the second combined conductor 9 is a pin-type combined conductor. The second combined conductor 9 includes an insulating shell 15 and multiple sub-conductors 14. The shell has a rectangular groove inside, and the multiple sub-conductors 14 are arranged in the rectangular groove according to a preset order.

[0054] Furthermore, multiple sub-conductors 14 are evenly divided into several layers and stacked in a rectangular groove. The axial direction of the first combined conductor 7 is the first direction, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction. The cross-section of the first end of the first torsion part 71 along the second direction is the first cross-section, and the cross-section of the second end of the first torsion part 71 along the second direction is the second cross-section. The central symmetry line of the rectangular groove about the stacking direction of the sub-conductors 14 is the first axis. The positional distribution of each sub-conductor 14 in the first cross-section and the positional distribution of each sub-conductor 14 in the second cross-section are arranged symmetrically about the first axis.

[0055] like Figure 7 A comparison diagram showing the positional distribution of each conductor 14 in the first cross section and the positional distribution of each conductor 14 in the second cross section is shown.

[0056] Furthermore, multiple sub-conductors 14 are evenly divided into several layers and stacked in a rectangular groove. The axial direction of the second combined conductor 9 is the first direction, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction. The cross-section of the first end of the second twisting part 91 along the second direction is the first cross-section, and the cross-section of the second end of the second twisting part 91 along the second direction is the second cross-section. The central symmetry line of the rectangular groove about the stacking direction of the sub-conductors 14 is the first axis. The positional distribution of each sub-conductor 14 in the first cross-section and the positional distribution of each sub-conductor 14 in the second cross-section are arranged symmetrically about the first axis.

[0057] Furthermore, the first torsion section 71 has an extension section 16 extending radially along the stator body 2, the length of which is less than the length of the inner extension section 92. That is, long-span windings can also adopt a special structure extending radially inward. This further reduces the difficulty of insulation processing while ensuring the windings do not interfere. However, this increases the amount of stator copper material used, requiring a comprehensive consideration of structural manufacturing and processing costs. The shorter length of the extension section 16 compared to the inner extension section 92 also ensures that the winding structure does not interfere.

[0058] The technical solution of this application suppresses the circulating current loss of the inner winding in a multi-layer flat wire winding. Because the inner winding is close to the stator slot opening, its circulating current loss is significant due to the leakage flux at the stator slot opening, making it a major component of the winding's AC loss. This solution does not affect the outer winding; the key is the compact structure of the continuously wave-wound inner winding, where short-span windings are surrounded by long-span windings. However, the end-transposed winding requires a 180° twist, and the twisted portion occupies more space than the end of a typical flat wire winding (the challenge here lies in the fact that the compact continuously wave-wound structure cannot provide sufficient space to accommodate the end-transposed winding). Therefore, this application proposes a novel structure to solve the space problem of the end-transposed winding, while also alleviating the manufacturing difficulty of the 180° twisted-transposed winding.

[0059] Increasing the height of the inner end winding is a possible space solution, but this will increase the axial length of the motor and significantly increase the amount of copper used in the stator winding. The solution proposed in this application aims to strictly control the changes in the amount of copper used in the stator winding and manufacturing costs without increasing the end height.

[0060] Furthermore, stator winding 1 is a flat wire winding.

[0061] Furthermore, stator winding 1 is fixed in the stator slot by continuous wave winding. The aforementioned end transposition structure is particularly applicable to, but not limited to, continuously wave-wound flat wire windings. This structure extends radially inwards in part of the torsion-transposition winding, causing the torsion-transposition portions to be radially offset, avoiding contact between the transposition windings and protecting the insulation. At the same time, this radially concave structure extends the 180° torsion-transposition process, minimizing the impact on the insulation of the winding at the torsion position, preventing cracking during insulation torsion, and reducing the difficulty of insulation processing.

[0062] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, a transposition structure for the end windings of an automotive permanent magnet motor is provided. This structure is suitable for matching advanced winding structures such as flat wire windings and continuous wave windings, further reducing AC losses in the windings. This structure does not affect the stator slot fill factor. By extending the second torsion portion 91 at the end of the second combined conductor 9 and utilizing the inner space at the end, the height of the end winding is not increased. Therefore, this structure does not increase the motor volume and has minimal impact on the amount of copper used in the stator windings. Under these conditions, stator winding circulating current losses can be effectively reduced, and the efficiency of the automotive permanent magnet motor can be improved, thus balancing advanced motor performance with cost-effectiveness.

[0063] According to one aspect of the present invention, an electric motor is provided, including a stator structure, wherein the stator structure is as described above.

[0064] According to another aspect of the present invention, a vehicle is provided, including an electric motor, which is the electric motor described above.

[0065] As can be seen from the above description, the embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects:

[0066] (1) A winding structure with partial end transposition is provided, which can effectively reduce stator winding circulating current loss and improve motor efficiency under the requirements of high speed of new energy vehicle drive motor.

[0067] (2) The winding structure is a targeted optimization structure for the main location of circulating current loss, and only the main location of circulating current loss is specially treated.

[0068] (3) When the inner winding is twisted, the winding structure makes full use of the end space by extending radially inward, so that the axial length of the motor does not increase, the overall appearance does not change, and the motor performance is improved.

[0069] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "on top of," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation beyond the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures were inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0070] In addition to the above, it should be noted that the terms "one embodiment," "another embodiment," and "embodiment" used in this specification refer to specific features, structures, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment, which are included in at least one embodiment described in the general description of this application. The appearance of the same expression in multiple places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, when a specific feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with any embodiment, the intention is to suggest that implementing such a feature, structure, or characteristic in conjunction with other embodiments also falls within the scope of this invention.

[0071] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0072] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A stator structure, characterized in that, include: Stator body (2), the inner circumferential surface of the stator body (2) has a plurality of stator slots; Stator winding (1), the stator winding (1) is wound and fixed in the stator slot, the stator winding (1) forms a multi-layer winding structure (13) at the ends of each stator slot, the winding layer near the center of the stator body (2) in the multi-layer winding structure (13) is an end transposition layer, the end transposition layer includes at least a first combined conductor (7) and a second combined conductor (9), the span of the first combined conductor (7) is greater than the span of the second combined conductor (9), the first combined conductor (7) forms a first twist (71) at the end outside the stator slot, so that the spatial positions of the multiple sub-conductors (14) in the first combined conductor (7) are different at both ends of the first twist (71), the second combined conductor (9) forms a second twist (91) at the end outside the stator slot, so that the spatial positions of the multiple sub-conductors (14) in the second combined conductor (9) are different at both ends of the second twist (91); The second twisted portion (91) is located at the bottom of the first twisted portion (71), and the second twisted portion (91) has an inner extension (92) extending radially along the stator body (2) to avoid the portion of the first combined conductor (7).

2. The stator structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first combined conductor (7) is a pin-type combined conductor. The first combined conductor (7) includes an insulating shell (15) and a plurality of the sub-conductors (14). The insulating shell (15) has a rectangular groove inside, and the plurality of sub-conductors (14) are arranged in the rectangular groove according to a preset order rule.

3. The stator structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second combined conductor (9) is a pin-type combined conductor. The second combined conductor (9) includes an insulating shell (15) and a plurality of the sub-conductors (14). The insulating shell (15) has a rectangular groove inside, and the plurality of sub-conductors (14) are arranged in the rectangular groove according to a preset order rule.

4. The stator structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, Multiple sub-conductors (14) are evenly stacked in several layers within the rectangular groove. The axial direction of the first combined conductor (7) is the first direction, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction. The cross-section of the first end of the first torsion part (71) along the second direction is the first cross-section, and the cross-section of the second end of the first torsion part (71) along the second direction is the second cross-section. The central symmetry line of the rectangular groove about the stacking direction of the sub-conductors (14) is the first axis. The positional distribution of each sub-conductor (14) in the first cross-section and the positional distribution of each sub-conductor (14) in the second cross-section are symmetrical about the first axis.

5. The stator structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, Multiple sub-conductors (14) are evenly stacked in several layers within the rectangular groove. The axial direction of the second combined conductor (9) is the first direction, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction. The first end of the second torsion part (91) has a cross-section along the second direction, which is the first cross-section. The second end of the second torsion part (91) has a cross-section along the second direction, which is the second cross-section. The central symmetry line of the rectangular groove about the stacking direction of the sub-conductors (14) is the first axis. The positional distribution of each sub-conductor (14) in the first cross-section and the positional distribution of each sub-conductor (14) in the second cross-section are arranged symmetrically about the first axis.

6. The stator structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first torsion portion (71) has an extension section (16) extending radially along the stator body (2), the length of which is less than the length of the inner extension section (92).

7. The stator structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stator winding (1) is a flat wire winding.

8. The stator structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stator winding (1) is fixed in the stator slot by continuous wave winding process.

9. An electric motor, comprising a stator structure, characterized in that, The stator structure is the stator structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A vehicle, comprising an electric motor, characterized in that, The motor is the motor described in claim 9.

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