A cultivation method and harvesting device suitable for mechanical harvesting of perilla

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of harvesting devices suitable for mechanical harvesting of perilla, comprising: mounting seat, the middle position of mounting seat is equipped with the opening of penetration, and the inboard edge of opening is fixedly connected with wear pad, wear pad is slidably installed in harvesting box, the inside of harvesting box is hollow structure, and the bottom of harvesting box is open, the front and rear sides below harvesting box are equipped with the slot of penetration, and the bottom of harvesting box is sealed by fixed bottom plate one and fixed bottom plate two respectively, harvesting mechanism is installed on fixed bottom plate one, and harvesting mechanism is located in harvesting box.In the harvesting device of the application, the participation of artificial is greatly reduced, the harvesting efficiency is greatly improved, time and labor are saved, and it is beneficial to mechanical harvesting of perilla seeds.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a kind of purple perilla cultivation and harvesting technical field, specifically a kind of cultivation method and harvesting device suitable for mechanical harvesting of purple perilla. BACKGROUND

[0002] Purple perilla is 30-200 centimeters high, with erect stem, multiple branches, purple, green purple or green, blunt quadrangular, densely covered with long soft hair; Leaf opposite, petiole 3-5 centimeters long, purple or green, covered with long seta; Leaf blade broad ovate, ovate or ovate triangular, 4-13 centimeters long, 2.5-10 centimeters wide, apex gradually tapered or pointed, sometimes short tail-shaped, base round or broad wedge-shaped, edge with coarse sawtooth, sometimes sawtooth is deeper or shallowly lobed, both sides purple or only lower purple. Distributed in Hubei, Jiangsu, Hunan, Zhejiang, Anhui, Henan, Gansu and other regions, prefers warm and humid climate, tolerates wet, tolerates waterlogging, not drought tolerant. Cultivation is very wide in China, for medicinal, oil, spice.

[0003] And purple perilla has more branches, and the plant is more loose. If the planting process is not regulated, the crown width can reach about 1m during growth, and the ear can reach more than 300, which is scattered on each branch. Most of these ears are short and small, and the maturity is not uniform, which is not conducive to mechanical harvesting. Purple perilla matures from September to November, and the period from flowering to maturity is usually 2-3 months. After seed maturity, it is easy to fall and bird damage is serious. The seed drop rate of some purple perilla is as high as 50%-80%. If the speed and harvesting time cannot be strictly controlled during harvesting, the yield and quality of purple perilla seeds will be greatly reduced, which is not conducive to the promotion of purple perilla planting. And the existing purple perilla seed harvesting device has low harvesting efficiency, and is usually harvested when the maturity is low. After 3-5 days, it is concentrated threshing, which not only wastes time and effort, but also affects the oil yield of purple perilla seeds to some extent, which is not conducive to improving the harvesting efficiency. This patent regulates the cultivation measures by increasing the planting density, adjusting the plant height by topping multiple times and promoting the lateral branch, so that the plant type of purple perilla is more compact, the branch number increases and is concentrated at the top, and the seeds can be uniformly matured. Through the matching mechanical harvesting device, the purpose of greatly improving the harvesting efficiency is achieved. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims to provide a kind of cultivation method and harvesting device suitable for mechanical harvesting of purple perilla to solve the problems raised in the background.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical scheme:

[0006] A kind of cultivation method suitable for mechanical harvesting of purple perilla, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1: Variety selection and seed quality control: Select purple perilla varieties with full seeds, high maturity, seed thousand seed weight of 2.8 grams or more, and fruiting ear concentrated at the top;

[0008] S2: Seed treatment: 2 days before sowing, put the purple perilla seeds into the mesh bag and place it in the sun for uniform airing for 1 day. 1 day before sowing, put the mesh bag containing the purple perilla seeds into distilled water and completely immerse it. The soaking time is 24h. During the soaking process, the purple perilla seeds are repeatedly kneaded through the mesh bag at 1h, 6h and 12h, respectively. The intensity should be appropriate so as not to damage the seed coat. After each kneading, the distilled water is replaced in time. On the day of sowing, drain the seed water and absorb the surface water with a paper towel. The hand should not be sticky. Then sow;

[0009] S3: Sowing: Use mechanical sowing or manual sowing, plant spacing: 15cm x 15cm;

[0010] S4: Planting: 1-2 plants per hole;

[0011] S5: Foot leaf: When the plant height reaches 45 cm, start to remove the foot leaves, keep the distance from the ground within 30 cm without branches and leaves, and reserve the top 3-4 pairs of branches;

[0012] S6: Branch number: Reserve the top 6 pairs of branches, and remove the lateral branches and leaves within 50 cm from the ground;

[0013] S7: Topping: When the plant height of purple perilla reaches 1.1m and has not entered the reproductive growth stage, top it off using a hedge trimmer to trim off the top 0.1m of the main stem, so that the plant height is 1m, and the axillary buds are promoted to grow. When the plant height reaches nearly 1.3m, use a hedge trimmer to mechanically top it off again, and keep the plant height at 1.2m;

[0014] S8: Harvesting: When 60% of the inflorescences begin to change color and the seeds have not yet fallen off, use the harvesting device to uniformly mechanically harvest.

[0015] A harvesting device suitable for mechanical harvesting of purple perilla is used to realize mechanical harvesting of purple perilla seeds, comprising:

[0016] A mounting seat is provided with a through opening in the middle position, and a wear pad is fixedly connected to the inner side edge of the opening. A harvesting box is slidably installed in the wear pad. The harvesting box is hollow inside, and the bottom of the harvesting box is open. Through grooves are provided on the front and rear sides below the harvesting box, and the bottom of the harvesting box is sealed by fixed bottom plate one and fixed bottom plate two on both sides.

[0017] A harvesting mechanism is installed on the fixed bottom plate one, and the harvesting mechanism is located in the harvesting box.

[0018] As a further scheme of the present application: the harvesting mechanism comprises:

[0019] A mounting plate is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the fixed bottom plate near the slot side, and a shaft sleeve is fixedly installed on the mounting plate at the middle position away from the slot side. A threaded rod is rotatably installed on the other side of the shaft sleeve, and the other end of the threaded rod penetrates the harvesting box and is connected through a bearing. A motor is installed on the end of the threaded rod penetrating the harvesting box, and the motor is fixed on the outside of the box body through motor seats on both sides.

[0020] Two limiting sliding rods are fixedly installed between the mounting plate and the side wall of the harvesting box, and are located on both sides of the threaded rod. The limiting sliding rods and the threaded rod are in the same horizontal plane, and threaded blocks are installed outside the limiting sliding rods and the threaded rod. The threaded blocks are screwed with the threaded rod, and the threaded blocks are slidingly connected with the limiting sliding rods.

[0021] A fixed block is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the threaded seat, and an installation block is fixedly connected to the fixed block near the slot side. Two installation blocks are fixedly installed on both sides of the fixed block through a fixed pin, and a harvesting comb is fixedly installed between the two installation blocks.

[0022] As a further scheme of the present application, a partition plate is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the fixed bottom plate near the slot side, and the partition plate, the fixed bottom plate and the harvesting box form a harvesting space. A discharge hopper is fixedly connected to the bottom of the harvesting space and communicates with the harvesting space. A fixed comb is fixedly installed on the upper side of the partition plate near the slot side, and the fixed comb and the harvesting comb are located in the same horizontal plane and are engaged with each other.

[0023] As a further scheme of the present application, mounting holes are provided on the front and rear sides of the mounting seat, and a gas cylinder is fixedly installed in the mounting hole. The extension end of the gas cylinder is located below the mounting seat, and a protruding plate is fixedly connected to the extension end of the gas cylinder. The protruding plate is fixed to the outer wall of the harvesting box on one side.

[0024] As a further scheme of the present application, four feet are fixedly connected to the four top corners of the lower surface of the mounting seat, and universal wheels are installed below the feet.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages:

[0026] The method provided by the present application is to promote the growth of lateral buds at the top by adjusting the number of plants, plant spacing, and foot leaves, reducing the number of branches per plant and adjusting the angle of branching, and then performing multiple top sealing. Finally, chemical ripening is used to achieve uniform ripening. This method can concentrate the fruiting branches at the top by adjusting the cultivation measures, which is beneficial to the centralized ripening and mechanical harvesting of perilla seeds, and effectively reduces the problem of severe seed drop during mechanical harvesting due to uneven ripening. Thus, the degree of mechanization in perilla cultivation is greatly improved, the economic efficiency is effectively improved, and the method has great application value.

[0027] And the harvesting device provided by the present application adjusts the position of the harvesting box relative to the fruiting ear by controlling the extension and retraction of the air cylinder, so that the fruiting ear extends into the harvesting box through the slot, and the driving motor drives the threaded rod to rotate, under the action of the limiting slide rod, the threaded seat on the threaded rod and the limiting slide rod moves horizontally, so that the harvesting comb moves horizontally and meshes with the fixed comb, the fruiting ear is clamped between the harvesting comb and the fixed comb, and then the air cylinder retracts to make the seeds fall off, thereby completing the mechanical harvesting of perilla seeds. The harvesting device of the present application greatly reduces the participation of manual labor, greatly improves the harvesting efficiency, saves time and effort, and is conducive to the mechanical harvesting of perilla seeds. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 Process flow chart of the cultivation method suitable for mechanical harvesting of perilla.

[0029] Figure 2 Front view of the harvesting device suitable for mechanical harvesting of perilla.

[0030] Figure 3 Bottom view of the harvesting device suitable for mechanical harvesting of perilla.

[0031] Figure 4 Top view of the harvesting device suitable for mechanical harvesting of perilla.

[0032] Figure 5 Internal structure diagram of the harvesting box in the harvesting device suitable for mechanical harvesting of perilla.

[0033] Figure 6 Structure diagram of the harvesting mechanism in the harvesting device suitable for mechanical harvesting of perilla.

[0034] In the figure: 1 - mounting seat, 2 - foot, 3 - universal wheel, 4 - wear pad, 5 - harvesting box, 6 - convex plate, 7 - air cylinder, 8 - slot, 9 - motor seat, 10 - motor, 11 - lower hopper, 12 - fixed bottom plate I, 13 - partition, 14 - fixed bottom plate II, 15 - mounting plate, 16 - shaft sleeve, 17 - threaded rod, 18 - bearing, 19 - limiting slide rod, 20 - threaded seat, 21 - fixed block, 22 - mounting block, 23 - harvesting comb, 24 - fixed comb. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] Various exemplary embodiments, features and aspects of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals in the drawings represent functionally the same or similar elements. Although various aspects of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated.

[0036] The term "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any implementation described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other implementations.

[0037] In addition, for the purpose of convenience and brevity, detailed descriptions of well-known methods, apparatus, and / or elements are omitted so as to avoid obscuring the concepts of the present application.

[0038] Embodiment One

[0039] Please refer to Figure 1 A cultivation method suitable for mechanical harvesting of perilla, comprising the following steps:

[0040] S1: Variety selection and seed quality control: select perilla varieties with full seeds, high maturity, seed thousand seed weight of 2.8 grams or more, and fruiting spikes concentrated at the top;

[0041] S2: Seed treatment: 2 days before sowing, put perilla seeds in a mesh bag and place it in the sun for uniform airing for 1 day. 1 day before sowing, put the mesh bag containing perilla seeds in distilled water completely, and soak for 24 hours. During the soaking process, repeatedly knead the perilla seeds in the mesh bag at 1h, 6h, and 12h, respectively. The kneading force should not damage the seed coat. Replace the distilled water after each kneading. On the day of sowing, drain the seed water and absorb the surface moisture with a paper towel. The hand should not be sticky. Then sow the seeds;

[0042] S3: Sowing: use mechanical sowing or manual dibbling, with a plant spacing of 15 cm x 15 cm;

[0043] S4: Planting: retain 1-2 plants per hole;

[0044] S5: Foot leaf removal: when the plant height reaches 45 cm, remove the foot leaves, keep the branches and leaves within 30 cm from the ground, and retain 3-4 pairs of branches at the top;

[0045] S6: Branch number: retain 6 pairs of branches at the top, and remove the lateral branches and leaves within 50 cm from the ground;

[0046] S7: Topping: when the perilla plant height reaches 1.1 m and has not yet entered the reproductive growth stage, use a hedge trimmer to trim off the top 0.1 m of the main stem, keeping the plant height at 1 m, and promote axillary bud growth. When the plant height reaches nearly 1.3 m, use the hedge trimmer again to mechanically top the plant, and keep the plant height at 1.2 m;

[0047] S8: Harvesting: When 60% of the inflorescences begin to change color and the seeds have not yet fallen off, use the harvesting device to uniformly mechanically harvest.

[0048] It should be noted that: by adjusting the plant number, plant spacing, foot leaf, etc., reducing the number of branches per plant and adjusting the branch angle, then promoting the top lateral buds by multiple topping, and finally using chemical ripening, the uniform maturity is achieved. This method can concentrate the fruiting branches on the top by adjusting the cultivation measures, which is conducive to the centralized maturity and mechanical harvesting of perilla seeds, and effectively reduces the problem of severe seed falling during mechanical harvesting due to uneven maturity, thereby greatly improving the mechanization degree of perilla planting process, effectively improving the economic efficiency, and having great application value.

[0049] Example two

[0050] Please refer to Figures 2-5 A harvesting device suitable for mechanical harvesting of perilla for realizing mechanical harvesting of perilla seeds, comprising: a mounting seat 1, a through opening is arranged at the middle position of the mounting seat 1, a wear-resistant pad 4 is fixedly connected at the inner side edge of the opening, a harvesting box 5 is slidably installed in the wear-resistant pad 4, the harvesting box 5 is hollow inside, and the bottom of the harvesting box 5 is open, through grooves 8 are arranged at the front and rear sides below the harvesting box 5, the bottoms of the harvesting box 5 on both sides of the through grooves 8 are sealed by a fixed bottom plate one 12 and a fixed bottom plate two 14 respectively, a harvesting mechanism is installed on the fixed bottom plate one 12, and the harvesting mechanism is located in the harvesting box 5.

[0051] Specifically, the harvesting mechanism comprises:

[0052] A mounting plate 15 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the fixed bottom plate two 14 near one side of the through groove 8, a shaft sleeve 16 is fixedly installed at the middle position of the mounting plate 15 away from the through groove 8, a threaded rod 17 is rotatably installed at the other side of the shaft sleeve 16, the other end of the threaded rod 17 penetrates through the harvesting box 5 and is connected through a bearing 18, a motor 10 is installed at the end of the threaded rod 17 penetrating through the harvesting box 5, and the motor 10 is fixed on the outer side of the box body of the harvesting box 5 through a motor seat 9 on both sides of the motor 10;

[0053] Limiting slide rods 19 are fixedly installed between the mounting plate 15 and the side wall of the harvesting box 5, the number of the limiting slide rods 19 is two, the two limiting slide rods 19 are located on both sides of the threaded rod 17, the limiting slide rods 19 and the threaded rod 17 are on the same horizontal plane, threaded blocks are installed outside the limiting slide rods 19 and the threaded rod 17, the threaded blocks are threadedly connected with the threaded rod 17, and the threaded blocks are slidably connected with the limiting slide rods 19;

[0054] The fixed block 21 is fixedly connected with the mounting block 22 on the side close to the slot 8, the mounting block 22 is two in number and is arranged on the two sides of the fixed block 21, and the harvesting comb teeth 23 are fixedly arranged between the two mounting blocks 22 through the fixed pin.

[0055] Preferably, the upper surface of the fixed bottom plate 12 is fixedly connected with the partition plate 13 on the side close to the slot 8, the partition plate 13, the fixed bottom plate 12 and the harvesting box 5 form the harvesting space, the bottom of the harvesting space is fixedly connected with the discharge hopper 11 in communication, the upper side of the partition plate 13 is fixedly arranged with the fixed comb teeth 24 on the side close to the slot 8, the fixed comb teeth 24 and the harvesting comb teeth 23 are arranged on the same horizontal plane and are engaged with each other, and the bottom foot 2 is fixedly connected with the bottom surface of the mounting seat 1 at four corners, and the universal wheel 3 is arranged below the bottom foot 2.

[0056] Preferably, the mounting seat 1 is provided with the mounting hole penetrating through the front and rear sides, the air cylinder 7 is fixedly arranged in the mounting hole, the telescopic end of the air cylinder 7 is arranged below the mounting seat 1, and the convex plate 6 is fixedly connected with the telescopic end of the air cylinder 7, and the convex plate 6 is fixed on one side of the outer wall of the harvesting box 5.

[0057] It should be particularly pointed out that the position of the harvesting box 5 relative to the fruiting ear is adjusted by controlling the extension and retraction of the air cylinder 7, the fruiting ear is extended into the harvesting box 5 through the slot 8, the threaded rod 17 is driven to rotate by the driving motor 10, the threaded seat 10 on the threaded rod 17 and the limiting slide rod 19 are controlled to move horizontally, the harvesting comb teeth 23 are controlled to move horizontally, the harvesting comb teeth 23 are engaged with the fixed comb teeth 24, the fruiting ear is clamped between the harvesting comb teeth 23 and the fixed comb teeth 24, the seeds are dropped by retracting the air cylinder 7, and thus the mechanical harvesting of the perilla seeds is completed, the participation of the manual labor is greatly reduced, the harvesting efficiency is greatly improved, time and labor are saved, and the mechanical harvesting of the perilla seeds is facilitated.

[0058] It is apparent for those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, but can be implemented in other concrete forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present application. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered as exemplary and non-limiting, the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are intended to be embraced in the present application.

[0059] Furthermore, it should be understood that although the specification is described in terms of embodiments, not every embodiment includes every feature or implementation described herein. The specification can include implicit combinations of explicitly mentioned features and / or implicit combinations of implicitly mentioned features. Such combinations are also expressly included within the scope of the specification and an embodiment.

Claims

1. A harvesting device suitable for mechanical harvesting of perilla, for the mechanical harvesting of perilla seeds, characterized in that, Include: The mounting seat (1) is provided with an opening in the middle position, the inner side edge of the opening is fixedly connected with the wear-resistant pad (4), the wear-resistant pad (4) is slidably installed in the harvesting box (5), the harvesting box (5) is hollow inside, and the bottom of the harvesting box (5) is open, the harvesting box (5) is provided with a through slot (8) on the front and rear sides below, and the bottom of the harvesting box (5) on both sides of the slot (8) is sealed by the fixed bottom plate one (12) and the fixed bottom plate two (14) respectively; The harvesting mechanism is installed on the fixed bottom plate one (12), and the harvesting mechanism is located in the harvesting box (5); The harvesting mechanism comprises: The mounting plate (15) is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the fixed bottom plate two (14) on the side close to the slot (8), the shaft sleeve (16) is fixedly installed on the mounting plate (15) at the middle position away from the slot (8), the threaded rod (17) is rotatably installed on the other side of the shaft sleeve (16), the other end of the threaded rod (17) penetrates through the harvesting box (5) and is connected through the bearing (18), and the threaded rod (17) is installed with the motor (10) at the end penetrating through the harvesting box (5), and the motor (10) is fixed on the outer side of the box body of the harvesting box (5) through the motor seat (9) on both sides; The limiting slide rod (19) is fixedly installed between the mounting plate (15) and the side wall of the harvesting box (5), the number of the limiting slide rod (19) is two, the two limiting slide rods (19) are located on both sides of the threaded rod (17), the limiting slide rod (19) and the threaded rod (17) are in the same horizontal plane, and the limiting slide rod (19), the threaded rod (17) and the threaded block are installed outside, the threaded block is in threaded connection with the threaded rod (17), and the threaded block is in sliding connection with the limiting slide rod (19); The fixed block (21) is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the threaded seat (20), the mounting block (22) is fixedly connected with the fixed block (21) on the side close to the slot (8), the number of the mounting block (22) is two, and the two mounting blocks (22) are located on both sides of the fixed block (21), and the harvesting comb (23) is fixedly installed between the two mounting blocks (22) through the fixed pin.

2. The harvesting apparatus suitable for mechanical harvesting of perilla according to claim 1, wherein, The fixed bottom plate one (12) is fixedly connected with the partition plate (13) on the upper surface on the side close to the slot (8), the partition plate (13), the fixed bottom plate one (12) and the harvesting box (5) form a harvesting space, the bottom of the harvesting space is fixedly connected with the discharge hopper (11) in communication, and the side surface of the partition plate (13) is fixedly installed with the fixed comb (24) on the side close to the slot (8).

3. The harvester suitable for mechanical harvesting of perilla according to claim 1, wherein The mounting seat (1) is provided with a through mounting hole on the front and rear sides, a cylinder (7) is fixedly installed in the mounting hole, the telescopic end of the cylinder (7) is located below the mounting seat (1), and the telescopic end of the cylinder (7) is fixedly connected with the lug plate (6), one side of the lug plate (6) is fixed with the outer wall of the harvesting box (5).

4. The harvesting apparatus suitable for mechanical harvesting of perilla according to claim 3, wherein The bottom foot (2) is fixedly connected at the four corners of the lower surface of the mounting seat (1), and the universal wheel (3) is installed below the bottom foot (2).

5. A method of cultivation suitable for mechanical harvesting of perilla, characterized in that, The steps include: S1: Variety selection and seed quality control: Selecting purple perilla varieties with full seeds, high maturity, seed thousand seed weight of 2.8 grams or more, and fruiting spikes concentrated at the top; S2: Seed treatment: 2 days before sowing, put the purple perilla seeds into a mesh bag and place it in the sun for uniform airing for 1 day. 1 day before sowing, put the mesh bag containing the purple perilla seeds into distilled water completely, and soak the seeds for 24 hours. During the soaking process, repeatedly knead the purple perilla seeds in the mesh bag at 1h, 6h, and 12h, with the intensity being appropriate not to damage the seed coat. After each kneading, replace the distilled water in time. On the day of sowing, drain the seed water, and use a paper towel to absorb the surface moisture, so that the hand does not stick. Then proceed to sow; S3: Sowing: Use mechanical sowing or manual dibbling, with a plant spacing of 15cm x 15cm; S4: Planting: Retain 1-2 plants per hole; S5: Foot leaf removal: Start removing foot leaves when the plant height reaches 45 cm, keep the bottom 30 cm from the ground free of branches and leaves, and retain the top 3-4 pairs of branches; S6: Branch number: Retain the top 6 pairs of branches, and remove the lateral branches and leaves within 50 cm from the ground; S7: Topping: When the purple perilla plant height reaches 1.1m and has not yet entered the reproductive growth stage, perform topping using a hedge trimmer to trim off the top 0.1m of the main stem, keeping the plant height at 1m, and promoting axillary bud emergence. When the plant height reaches nearly 1.3m, use a hedge trimmer to perform mechanical topping again, and keep the plant height at 1.2m; S8: Harvesting: When 60% of the inflorescences begin to change color and the seeds have not yet fallen off, use the harvesting device suitable for mechanical harvesting of purple perilla as claimed in claim 1 to uniformly perform mechanical harvesting.

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