A high-efficiency compound planting method of optimized configuration of green manure in southern winter fallow field

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of compound planting, in particular to a kind of southern winter idle field green manure optimization configuration efficient compound planting method, including step one, astragalus sinicus seed and rape seed banding sowing;Step two, astragalus sinicus seed and rape seed sowing promote growth treatment;Step three, astragalus sinicus and rape harvesting treatment;Step four, astragalus sinicus and rape crushing and turning back to field;Step five, strengthen and promote the management.Compared with prior art, a kind of southern winter idle field green manure optimization configuration efficient compound planting method is proposed in the present application, compared with traditional simple mixed sowing, in the yield of subsequent crop rice, rape straw decomposition rate, astragalus sinicus straw decomposition rate, >2mm soil aggregate formation, soil organic matter content and so on, there is greater improvement, it can be seen that the green manure optimization configuration efficient compound planting method is more conducive to soil fertilization and improve the yield of subsequent crop rice.

Description

A High-Efficiency Compound Planting Method for Optimized Green Manure Configuration in Winter-Fallow Fields in Southern China Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of intercropping technology, specifically to a method for optimizing the configuration of green manure in winter-fallow fields in southern China for efficient intercropping. Background Technology

[0002] Winter fallow fields refer to land that remains idle from the autumn harvest until the planting of spring crops the following year. In southern China, winter fallow fields are typically idle for extended periods. For example, in single-crop rice areas of Jiangxi, Hunan, and Hubei provinces, the idle period lasts from the end of September to the end of May of the following year, a period of up to eight months. Even shorter periods, such as the double-cropping rice areas in Jiangxi, Hunan, and Hubei provinces, last from the end of October to the end of April of the following year, resulting in a waste of light and heat resources. Currently, agricultural production often prioritizes high crop yields, with excessive application of chemical fertilizers and insufficient use of organic fertilizers, and a focus on land use rather than soil maintenance. This has led to a gradual degradation of soil fertility. Two-thirds of paddy fields in southern China are classified as low- to medium-yield fields, and the soil organic matter content in these fields is generally low. Planting green manure can effectively increase soil organic matter content, reduce soil bulk density, control soil acidification, and promote the increase of soil microorganisms, thereby improving soil structure, enhancing the soil ecological environment, and increasing the overall productivity of low- to medium-yield fields. Therefore, planting green manure in fallow winter fields can improve the quality of arable land by increasing the quantity and quality of soil organic matter, and promote the integration of "land use and land conservation".

[0003] Currently, in agricultural production, green manure crops such as milkvetch are mainly planted in fallow fields in the south during the winter. However, most studies have shown that intercropping rapeseed and milkvetch can significantly increase the yield of subsequent rice crops and improve soil quality compared to planting milkvetch alone. Furthermore, long-term planting of rapeseed and milkvetch in fallow fields during the winter is also beneficial to improving the quality of rice.

[0004] The article "Analysis of Soil Physicochemical Factors Driving Rice Yield Changes under Different Years of Purple Clover" published in *Chinese Journal of Rice Science* (2021, 35(3)) points out that among numerous soil fertility indicators, >2mm aggregates, soil organic matter, and available nitrogen content are key factors affecting early rice grain yield. This is consistent with numerous studies both domestically and internationally. Peng et al. found that the turnover rate of >2mm aggregates is crucial for stable soil fertility. Yu et al. found that soil organic matter content is significantly correlated with rice yield; Liu et al. confirmed that soil nitrogen is key to regulating basic soil fertility. However, further research revealed that long-term plowing and incorporation of purple clover are necessary to affect the content of >2mm aggregate components in the soil.

[0005] The patent application filed by the Hunan Provincial Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, entitled "A Method for Returning Green Manure to the Field by Mixing Purple Clover and Rapeseed" (CN103460952A), points out that by mixing the sowing of leguminous purple clover green manure and cruciferous rapeseed green manure, a balanced ratio of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the green manure can be achieved. This avoids the drawbacks of applying purple clover alone, which results in high nitrogen nutrition but relatively low phosphorus and potassium, or applying rapeseed green manure alone, which results in high phosphorus and potassium but low nitrogen. This improves the quality of green manure and is conducive to high yields and bumper harvests of subsequent crops.

[0006] After mixing and sowing milkvetch and rapeseed and then plowing them into the field, actual production revealed that the dominant growth of milkvetch in the rapeseed resulted in poor rapeseed growth, making it difficult to achieve the combined effect of milkvetch and rapeseed plowing into the field. Furthermore, boron fertilizer application in rapeseed cultivation is generally done as basal application, but because boron fertilizer is easily fixed in the soil, its utilization efficiency is low, leading to a low rapeseed seed setting rate. In conventional rapeseed cultivation, the residual rapeseed straw after grain harvest has a high cellulose content, and its slow decomposition after direct return to the field also severely restricts the growth of subsequent crops. In addition, since milkvetch or rapeseed is typically plowed into the field during the flowering period when used as green manure, milkvetch or rapeseed must be sown every year during the late rice season, resulting in significant seed costs.

[0007] In view of this, the present invention is hereby proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide an efficient and compound planting method for optimizing the configuration of green manure in winter-fallow fields in southern China, so as to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background section.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0010] A highly efficient compound planting method for optimizing the green manure configuration in winter-fallow fields in southern China includes the following steps;

[0011] Step 1: Sowing of milkvetch and rapeseed seeds;

[0012] The plants are planted in strips of 3 rows of milkvetch and 2 rows of rapeseed. The row spacing between milkvetch is 15-25cm, the row spacing between rapeseed is 35-45cm, and the row spacing between milkvetch and rapeseed is 40-50cm. Both milkvetch and rapeseed are sown in rows.

[0013] Step 2: Sowing and growth-promoting treatment of milkvetch and rapeseed seeds;

[0014] When sowing milkvetch seeds, ammonium molybdate is used for seed dressing, and rhizobium inoculant is applied in combination. When sowing rapeseed seeds, boron fertilizer and microbial fertilizer are applied in combination.

[0015] Step 3: Harvesting and processing of milkvetch and rapeseed;

[0016] After the milkvetch and rapeseed mature and set seeds, the milkvetch and rapeseed with seeds are harvested. The harvested milkvetch and rapeseed with seeds are dried for 2-3 days, and then mechanically crushed to obtain crushed milkvetch and rapeseed with seeds.

[0017] Step 4: Plow and compact the soil;

[0018] The dried and crushed seeded milkvetch and rapeseed stubble were plowed into the field and returned to the rapeseed planting strips.

[0019] Step 5: Strengthen anti-corruption management;

[0020] Spray organic material composting agent into the rapeseed and milkvetch planting strips.

[0021] Preferably, in step one:

[0022] The milkvetch is selected from one of the following varieties: Yujiang Daye, Fengcheng Qinggan, Xiangzi No. 1, Xinzi No. 1, Wanzi No. 1, Wanzi No. 4, Zhezi No. 5, and Minzi No. 4. The rapeseed is selected from one of the following varieties: Zhonglvyou No. 1, Zhonglvyou No. 2, Ganyouza No. 5, and Yangguang 131. The milkvetch seeds and rapeseed seeds are interspersed under the rice paddies 10-20 days before the late rice harvest.

[0023] Preferably, in step two:

[0024] When sowing 1.5 kg of milkvetch seeds, treat the seeds with a 0.2% ammonium molybdate solution and apply 100-200 g of rhizobium inoculant.

[0025] Preferably, in step two:

[0026] The component ratios of rapeseed seeds, boron fertilizer, and microbial fertilizer are as follows:

[0027] Apply 100g of boron fertilizer and 200g of microbial fertilizer for every 1.0 kg of rapeseed seeds.

[0028] Preferably, the boron fertilizer is a slow-release boron fertilizer, and the microbial fertilizer is Bacillus subtilis fertilizer with a concentration of 500 million Bacillus subtilis per gram or more.

[0029] Preferably, in step one:

[0030] The row spacing between milkvetch is 20cm, the row spacing between rapeseed is 40cm, and the row spacing between milkvetch and rapeseed is 50cm.

[0031] Preferably, in step three:

[0032] The stubble height left after harvesting the milkvetch is 3-5cm;

[0033] The stubble height left after harvesting the rapeseed is 5-10cm.

[0034] Preferably, in step four:

[0035] The depth of plowing and returning the rapeseed to the field within the planting strips is 30-40cm, and the depth of plowing and returning the milkvetch to the field within the planting strips is 20-30cm.

[0036] Compared with existing technologies, the efficient compound planting method for optimizing the configuration of green manure in fallow winter fields in southern regions proposed in this invention has the following advantages:

[0037] 1. The present invention proposes an efficient compound planting method for optimizing the configuration of green manure in winter fallow fields in southern China. It adopts a strip-shaped compound planting of 2 rows of rapeseed and 3 rows of milkvetch, which solves the problem that traditional mixed planting often fails to produce a single crop due to competitive advantage. This method is more conducive to soil fertility and promotes higher yields of subsequent rice crops.

[0038] 2. This invention proposes an efficient compound planting method for optimizing the configuration of green manure in winter fallow fields in southern China. Both rapeseed and milkvetch are harvested with seeds, dried, and crushed before being returned to the field. During the return process, the seeded rapeseed and seeded milkvetch are cross-turned with the milkvetch and rapeseed stubble from the planting area, respectively. This mutual utilization of the stubble regulates the C / N ratio and nutrient structure of the returned organic matter. Combined with the spraying of an organic matter decomposition promoter, this significantly increases the straw decomposition rate compared to conventional rapeseed and milkvetch-only backfilling, and promotes the formation of soil aggregates larger than 2mm in a shorter time, thus benefiting the subsequent rice yield.

[0039] 3. The present invention proposes an efficient compound planting method for optimizing the configuration of green manure in winter fallow fields in southern regions. When sowing milkvetch seeds, ammonium molybdate solution is used for seed dressing, and rhizobium inoculants are applied in combination. This can promote the growth of rhizobium in the milkvetch roots and improve the nitrogen-fixing capacity of milkvetch.

[0040] 4. The present invention proposes an efficient compound planting method for optimizing the configuration of green manure in winter fallow fields in southern regions. By returning seeded milkvetch and seeded rape to the field, the amount of milkvetch and rapeseed sown in the second year can be reduced by 50-80%, and the biomass of milkvetch and rapeseed will not be significantly reduced, or may even increase.

[0041] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, preferred embodiments are described in detail below. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] In the following examples, comparative examples, and blank examples, the milkvetch used was Yujiang large-leaf milkvetch, the rapeseed used was Zhonglvyou No. 1, and the other rhizobium agents, boron fertilizers, microbial fertilizers, etc. were all commercially available conventional products.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] This embodiment provides a method for optimizing the configuration of green manure in winter-fallow fields in southern regions for efficient intercropping, which includes the following steps:

[0046] Step 1: Sowing of milkvetch and rapeseed seeds;

[0047] Three rows of milkvetch and two rows of rapeseed were planted in strips. The row spacing between milkvetch was 15cm, the row spacing between rapeseed was 35cm, and the row spacing between milkvetch and rapeseed was 40cm. All milkvetch and rapeseed were sown in rows.

[0048] Among them, milkvetch seeds and rapeseed seeds are sown 10 days before the late rice harvest.

[0049] Step 2: Sowing and growth-promoting treatment of milkvetch and rapeseed seeds;

[0050] When sowing milkvetch seeds, ammonium molybdate is used for seed dressing, and rhizobium inoculant is applied in combination. When sowing rapeseed seeds, boron fertilizer and microbial fertilizer are applied in combination.

[0051] For every 1.5 kg of milkvetch seeds sown, a 2% ammonium molybdate solution is used for seed treatment, along with 100 g of rhizobium inoculant.

[0052] The component ratios of rapeseed seeds, boron fertilizer, and microbial fertilizer are as follows:

[0053] Apply 100g of boron fertilizer and 200g of microbial fertilizer for every 1.0 kg of rapeseed seeds.

[0054] The boron fertilizer is a slow-release boron fertilizer, and the microbial fertilizer is Bacillus subtilis fertilizer with a concentration of 500 million Bacillus subtilis per gram or more.

[0055] Step 3: Harvesting and processing of milkvetch and rapeseed;

[0056] After the milkvetch and rapeseed mature and set seeds, the milkvetch and rapeseed with seeds are harvested. The harvested milkvetch and rapeseed with seeds are dried for 2 days and then mechanically crushed to obtain crushed milkvetch and rapeseed with seeds.

[0057] The stubble height of milkvetch is 3cm.

[0058] The height of the rapeseed stubble during harvesting is 5cm.

[0059] Step 4: Plow and compact the soil;

[0060] The dried and crushed seeded milkvetch and rapeseed stubble were plowed into the field and returned to the rapeseed planting strips.

[0061] The depth of plowing and returning the rapeseed to the field within the planting strips is 30cm, and the depth of plowing and returning the milkvetch to the field within the planting strips is 20cm.

[0062] Step 5: Strengthen anti-corruption management;

[0063] Spray organic material composting agent in the soil area where rapeseed straw is turned back into the field.

[0064] Example 2

[0065] This embodiment provides a method for optimizing the configuration of green manure in winter-fallow fields in southern regions for efficient intercropping, which includes the following steps:

[0066] Step 1: Sowing of milkvetch and rapeseed seeds;

[0067] Three rows of milkvetch and two rows of rapeseed were planted in strips. The row spacing between milkvetch was 20cm, the row spacing between rapeseed was 40cm, and the row spacing between milkvetch and rapeseed was 45cm. All milkvetch and rapeseed were sown in rows.

[0068] Among them, milkvetch seeds and rapeseed seeds are sown 15 days before the late rice harvest.

[0069] Step 2: Sowing and growth-promoting treatment of milkvetch and rapeseed seeds;

[0070] When sowing milkvetch seeds, ammonium molybdate is used for seed dressing, and rhizobium inoculant is applied in combination. When sowing rapeseed seeds, boron fertilizer and microbial fertilizer are applied in combination.

[0071] For every 1.5 kg of milkvetch seeds sown, a 2% ammonium molybdate solution is used for seed treatment, along with 150 g of rhizobium inoculant.

[0072] The component ratios of rapeseed seeds, boron fertilizer, and microbial fertilizer are as follows:

[0073] Apply 100g of boron fertilizer and 200g of microbial fertilizer for every 1.0 kg of rapeseed seeds.

[0074] The boron fertilizer is a slow-release boron fertilizer, and the microbial fertilizer is Bacillus subtilis fertilizer with a concentration of 500 million Bacillus subtilis per gram or more.

[0075] Step 3: Harvesting and processing of milkvetch and rapeseed;

[0076] After the milkvetch and rapeseed mature and set seeds, the milkvetch and rapeseed with seeds are harvested. The harvested milkvetch and rapeseed with seeds are dried for 3 days and then mechanically crushed to obtain crushed milkvetch and rapeseed with seeds.

[0077] The stubble height of milkvetch is 5cm.

[0078] The height of the rapeseed stubble at harvest is 7cm.

[0079] Step 4: Plow and compact the soil;

[0080] The dried and crushed seeded milkvetch and rapeseed stubble were plowed into the field and returned to the rapeseed planting strips.

[0081] The depth of plowing and returning the rapeseed to the field within the planting strips is 35cm, and the depth of plowing and returning the milkvetch to the field within the planting strips is 25cm.

[0082] Step 5: Strengthen anti-corruption management;

[0083] Spray organic material composting agent in the soil area where rapeseed straw is turned back into the field.

[0084] Example 3

[0085] This embodiment provides a method for optimizing the configuration of green manure in winter-fallow fields in southern regions for efficient intercropping, which includes the following steps:

[0086] Step 1: Sowing of milkvetch and rapeseed seeds;

[0087] Three rows of milkvetch and two rows of rapeseed were planted in strips. The row spacing between milkvetch was 25cm, the row spacing between rapeseed was 45cm, and the row spacing between milkvetch and rapeseed was 50cm. All milkvetch and rapeseed were sown in rows.

[0088] Among them, milkvetch seeds and rapeseed seeds are sown 20 days before the late rice harvest.

[0089] Step 2: Sowing and growth-promoting treatment of milkvetch and rapeseed seeds;

[0090] When sowing milkvetch seeds, ammonium molybdate is used for seed dressing, and rhizobium inoculant is applied in combination. When sowing rapeseed seeds, boron fertilizer and microbial fertilizer are applied in combination.

[0091] For every 1.5 kg of milkvetch seeds sown, a 2% ammonium molybdate solution is used for seed treatment, along with 200 g of rhizobium inoculant.

[0092] The component ratios of rapeseed seeds, boron fertilizer, and microbial fertilizer are as follows:

[0093] Apply 100g of boron fertilizer and 200g of microbial fertilizer for every 1.0 kg of rapeseed seeds.

[0094] The boron fertilizer is a slow-release boron fertilizer, and the microbial fertilizer is Bacillus subtilis fertilizer with a concentration of 500 million Bacillus subtilis per gram or more.

[0095] Step 3: Harvesting and processing of milkvetch and rapeseed;

[0096] After the milkvetch and rapeseed mature and set seeds, the milkvetch and rapeseed with seeds are harvested. The harvested milkvetch and rapeseed with seeds are dried for 2 days and then mechanically crushed to obtain crushed milkvetch and rapeseed with seeds.

[0097] The stubble height of milkvetch is 5cm.

[0098] The height of the rapeseed stubble at harvest is 10cm.

[0099] Step 4: Plow and compact the soil;

[0100] The dried and crushed seeded milkvetch and rapeseed stubble were plowed into the field and returned to the rapeseed planting strips.

[0101] The depth of plowing and returning the rapeseed to the field within the planting strips is 40cm, and the depth of plowing and returning the milkvetch to the field within the planting strips is 30cm.

[0102] Step 5: Strengthen anti-corruption management;

[0103] Spray organic material composting agent in the soil area where rapeseed straw is turned back into the field.

[0104] Example 4

[0105] In this embodiment, an efficient compound planting method for optimizing the configuration of green manure in winter fallow fields in southern China is provided. Based on the first embodiment, the compound planting method of the first embodiment is repeated in the second and third years respectively.

[0106] Example 5

[0107] In this embodiment, an efficient compound planting method for optimizing the configuration of green manure in winter fallow fields in southern China is provided. Based on the first embodiment, the sowing amount of rapeseed and milkvetch is reduced by 50% in the second year.

[0108] Example 6

[0109] In this embodiment, an efficient compound planting method for optimizing the configuration of green manure in winter fallow fields in southern China is provided. Based on Embodiment 1, the sowing amount of rapeseed and milkvetch is reduced by 80% in the second year.

[0110] Compare with Example 1

[0111] In this comparative example, a method for optimizing the configuration of green manure in fallow fields in southern China for efficient compound planting is provided. In step one, milkvetch and rapeseed are sown together, and the rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0112] Compare with Example 2

[0113] In this comparative example, a method for optimizing the configuration of green manure for efficient compound planting in winter fallow fields in southern China is provided. In step two, the alfalfa seeds are not treated with ammonium molybdate solution and are not treated with rhizobium inoculants. The rest is the same as in Example 2.

[0114] Compare with Example 3

[0115] In this comparative example, a method for optimizing the configuration of green manure in winter fallow fields in southern China for efficient compound planting is provided. In step two, rapeseed is only fertilized with boron fertilizer, but not with microbial fertilizer. The rest is the same as in Example 3.

[0116] Compare with Example 4

[0117] In this comparative example, a method for optimizing the configuration of green manure in winter fallow fields in southern China for efficient compound planting is provided. In steps three and four, after the milkvetch and rapeseed have reached full bloom, the milkvetch in full bloom is returned to the field and plowed into the soil area where the rapeseed is planted; the rapeseed straw after full bloom is returned to the field and plowed into the soil area where the milkvetch is planted. The rest is the same as in Example 4.

[0118] Compare with Example 5

[0119] In this comparative example, a method for optimizing the configuration of green manure in winter fallow fields in southern China for efficient compound planting is provided. In step three, after the milkvetch and rapeseed mature and set seeds, the milkvetch and rapeseed with seeds are harvested. No drying or crushing operations are performed. The rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0120] Compare with Example 6

[0121] In the efficient compound planting method for optimizing the configuration of green manure in winter fallow fields in southern China provided in this comparative example, in step four, seeded milkvetch and milkvetch root stubble are plowed into the milkvetch planting strips together, and seeded rapeseed and rapeseed root stubble are plowed into the rapeseed planting strips together. The rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0122] Compare with Example 7

[0123] In this comparative example, the optimal configuration of green manure for efficient compound planting in winter fallow fields in southern China is provided. In step four, the depth of plowing and returning the rapeseed planting strips to the field is 10cm, and the depth of plowing and returning the milkvetch planting strips to the field is 10cm. The rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0124] Compare with Example 8

[0125] In this comparative example, the efficient compound planting method for optimizing the configuration of green manure in winter fallow fields in southern China is described. In step four, the depth of plowing and returning the rapeseed planting strips to the field is 50 cm, and the depth of plowing and returning the milkvetch planting strips to the field is 40 cm. The rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0126] Blank Example 1

[0127] This blank example represents fallow land in southern China that is not planted or returned to the soil during the winter.

[0128] In the above Examples 1 to 3, Control Examples 1 to 8, and Blank Example 1, the yield of subsequent rice, the decomposition rate of rapeseed straw, the decomposition rate of milkvetch straw, the proportion of soil aggregates >2mm, the soil organic matter content, and the biomass of milkvetch and rapeseed were all measured.

[0129] Table 1 shows the yield of subsequent rice crops in Examples 1 to 6, Control Examples 1 to 8, and Blank Example 1.

[0130] Table 1. Yield of subsequent rice crop (unit: kg / mu)

[0131]

[0132]

[0133] Table 2 shows the decomposition rate of rapeseed straw in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8.

[0134] Table 2. Cumulative decomposition rate of rapeseed straw within 120 days (unit: %)

[0135]

[0136]

[0137] Table 3 shows the decomposition rate of milkvetch straw in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8.

[0138] Table 3. Cumulative decomposition rate of milkvetch straw within 120 days (unit: %)

[0139] Corrosion rate: Example 1 85.7%, Example 2 86.9%, Example 3 85.4%, Control Example 1 83.3%, Control Example 2 81.8%, Control Example 3 78.5%, Control Example 4 87.8%, Control Example 5 68.5%, Control Example 6 76.4%, Control Example 7 74.2%, Control Example 8 70.1%. surface

[0140] Table 4 shows the proportions of soil aggregates >2mm in Examples 1 to 4, Control Examples 1 to 8, and Blank Example 1.

[0141] Table 4. Proportion of soil aggregates >2mm (unit: %)

[0142] Proportion of soil aggregates >2mm: Example 1 12.3; Example 2 13.6; Example 3 13.9; Example 4 (Year 1) 12.3; Example 4 (Year 2) 13.5; Example 4 (Year 3) 13.9; Control Example 1 10.3; Control Example 2 11.0; Control Example 3 10.8; Control Example 4 10.4; Control Example 5 9.7; Control Example 6 10.2; Control Example 7 10.7; Control Example 8 9.6; Blank Example 1 9.2 surface

[0143] Table 5 shows the soil organic matter content of Examples 1 to 3, Control Examples 1 to 8, and Blank Example 1.

[0144] Table 5 Soil Organic Matter Content (Unit: g / kg)

[0145]

[0146]

[0147] Table 6 shows the biomass of milkvetch and rapeseed in Examples 1 to 3, Examples 5 to 6, and Control Examples 1 to 8.

[0148] Table 6 Biomass of milkvetch and rapeseed (unit: kg / mu)

[0149]

[0150]

[0151] The biomass of milkvetch and rapeseed in Table 6 are calculated based on the biomass of each planted in rows within one acre, and are converted into the biomass of one acre completely planted with milkvetch or rapeseed. Biomass refers to dry weight.

[0152] By comparing Example 1 with Examples 1 to 3, it can be found that the strip intercropping method of 2 rows of rapeseed / 3 rows of milkvetch in this invention, compared with the traditional mixed planting, has a significant increase in the yield of subsequent rice, the decomposition rate of rapeseed straw, the decomposition rate of milkvetch straw, the proportion of soil aggregates >2mm, and the soil organic matter content. It can be seen that the strip intercropping method is more conducive to soil fertility and promotes the increase of subsequent rice yield.

[0153] By comparing Comparative Examples 2 and 3 with Examples 1 to 3, it can be found that in this invention, the use of ammonium molybdate seed dressing and the application of rhizobium inoculant for milkvetch, along with the application of boron fertilizer and microbial fertilizer for rapeseed, can increase the biomass of both milkvetch and rapeseed, and further increase the proportion of soil aggregates >2mm and the soil organic matter content. Further excavation of the milkvetch roots in Comparative Example 2 revealed very few root nodules, indicating that milkvetch has low nitrogen fixation capacity. This may be due to the inhibition of rhizobium growth by herbicides and chemical fertilizers. Therefore, this invention, by using ammonium molybdate seed dressing and applying rhizobium inoculant, can promote nitrogen fixation and nodulation in milkvetch roots, thereby increasing milkvetch biomass and subsequent rice yield. Furthermore, in Comparative Example 3, boron fertilizer applied alone was easily re-fixed by the soil. Therefore, the application of microbial fertilizer can further activate the fixed boron in the soil, which is beneficial for rapeseed flowering and fruiting, thus increasing rapeseed biomass and subsequent rice yield.

[0154] By comparing Example 4 with Examples 1 to 3, it can be found that the cross-plowing with seeds adopted in this invention has a significant improvement in the proportion of soil aggregates >2mm in the yield of subsequent rice and the content of soil organic matter compared with the traditional plowing during the full bloom period. Furthermore, the decomposition rates of rapeseed straw and milkvetch straw are similar to those of plowing during the full bloom period.

[0155] By comparing Example 5 with Examples 1 to 3, it can be found that the drying and crushing operation after harvesting seeded milkvetch and seeded rape in this invention significantly improves the yield of subsequent rice, the decomposition rate of rapeseed straw, the decomposition rate of milkvetch straw, the proportion of soil aggregates >2mm, and the content of soil organic matter.

[0156] By comparing Examples 5 and 6 with Example 1, it can be found that in this invention, when the seeded milkvetch and seeded rape are harvested and plowed, and the amount of rapeseed and milkvetch sown is reduced in the second year, the biomass of rapeseed and milkvetch is not significantly reduced, and the yield of the subsequent rice crop is also not significantly reduced.

[0157] By comparing Example 6 with Examples 1 to 3, it can be found that the present invention uses the method of plowing and returning seeded milkvetch and rapeseed stubble together into the rapeseed planting strips. This method of cross-plowing and mutual utilization of root stubble can achieve the integration of easily decomposable and difficult-to-decompose materials, resulting in a significant increase in the decomposition rate of rapeseed straw, the decomposition rate of milkvetch straw, and the proportion of soil aggregates >2mm.

[0158] By comparing Comparative Examples 7 and 8 with Examples 1 to 3, it can be found that the appropriate plowing depth for milkvetch and rapeseed can, to a certain extent, increase the proportion of soil aggregates >2mm and the content of soil organic matter.

[0159] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the configuration of green manure in winter-fallow fields in southern China and achieving efficient intercropping, characterized in that... The process includes the following steps: Step 1: Sowing of milkvetch and rapeseed seeds; Milkvetch is planted in strips of 3 rows and rapeseed in 2 rows, with a row spacing of 15-25 cm between milkvetch seeds and 35-45 cm between rapeseed seeds, resulting in a row spacing of 40-50 cm between both. Both milkvetch and rapeseed are sown in rows. Step 2: Growth-promoting treatments for milkvetch and rapeseed seeds; Milkvetch seeds are treated with ammonium molybdate and combined with rhizobium inoculant; rapeseed seeds are treated with boron fertilizer and microbial fertilizer; The boron fertilizer is slow-release boron fertilizer, and the microbial fertilizer is Bacillus subtilis with a concentration of 500 million CFU / g or higher. Fertilizer application; Step 3: Harvesting and processing of milk vetch and rapeseed; After milk vetch and rapeseed mature and set seeds, harvest milk vetch and rapeseed with seeds; Dry the harvested milk vetch and rapeseed with seeds for 2-3 days, then mechanically crush them to obtain crushed milk vetch and rapeseed with seeds; Step 4: Turning over and returning to the field; Turn over and return the dried and crushed milk vetch with seeds and rapeseed stubble together into the rapeseed planting strips, and turn over and return the dried and crushed rapeseed with seeds and milk vetch stubble together into the milk vetch planting strips; Step 5: Strengthening decomposition management; Spray organic decomposition promoters into the rapeseed planting strips and milk vetch planting strips.

2. The method for optimizing the configuration of green manure and efficient compound planting in fallow winter fields in southern regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step one: the milkvetch is selected from one of the following varieties: Yujiang Daye, Fengcheng Qinggan, Xiangzi No. 1, Xinzi No. 1, Wanzi No. 1, Wanzi No. 4, Zhezi No. 5, and Minzi No. 4; the rapeseed is selected from one of the following varieties: Zhonglvyou No. 1, Zhonglvyou No. 2, Ganyouza No. 5, and Yangguang 131. The milkvetch seeds and rapeseed seeds are interspersed under the rice paddies 10-20 days before the late rice harvest.

3. The method for optimizing the configuration of green manure and efficient compound planting in winter-fallow fields in southern regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step two: when sowing 1.5 kg of milkvetch seeds, treat the seeds with a 0.2% ammonium molybdate solution and apply 100-200 g of rhizobium agent.

4. The method for optimizing the configuration of green manure and efficient compound planting in winter-fallow fields in southern regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step two, the ratio of rapeseed seeds, boron fertilizer, and microbial fertilizer is as follows: 100g of boron fertilizer and 200g of microbial fertilizer are applied for every 1.0 kg of rapeseed seeds.

5. The method for optimizing the configuration of green manure and efficient compound planting in winter-fallow fields in southern regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step one: the row spacing between milkvetch is 20cm, the row spacing between rapeseed is 40cm, and the row spacing between milkvetch and rapeseed is 50cm.

6. The method for optimizing the configuration of green manure and efficient compound planting in winter-fallow fields in southern regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step three: the stubble height of the milkvetch harvest is 3-5cm; the stubble height of the rapeseed harvest is 5-10cm.

7. The method for optimizing the configuration of green manure and efficient compound planting in winter-fallow fields in southern regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step four: the depth of plowing and returning the rapeseed to the field is 30-40cm, and the depth of plowing and returning the milkvetch to the field is 20-30cm.

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