A corn threshing test bench and its test method

Abstract

The application is suitable for the technical field of agricultural machinery, and provides a corn threshing test bed and a test method thereof.The corn threshing test bed comprises a rack and further comprises a driving system, a threshing system and a control system.The driving system is installed on the rack and electrically connected with the control system.The threshing system is installed on the rack and drivingly connected with the driving system.The control system comprises a monitoring device, a PLC controller and a dust remover.The PLC controller is used for controlling the driving system to operate and controlling the dust remover to perform matching control according to the threshing amount, so as to suck out dust and debris and collect information collected by the monitoring device.The corn threshing test bed is used for determining the parameters of the corn threshing process and providing a research basis for the theoretical research of the corn threshing mechanism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery technology, and in particular relates to a corn threshing test bench and its test method. Background Technology

[0002] Corn threshing is a crucial step in corn harvesting, and corn threshers are commonly used equipment in this process. The corn threshing mechanism in a corn thresher directly affects the threshing rate and the degree of kernel damage.

[0003] Existing corn threshing test benches conduct experiments using a fixed structural configuration, studying the compatibility of related mechanisms by adjusting different rotation speeds. However, they cannot perform multi-mechanical analysis through mechanism adjustment. Furthermore, since they can only study the macroscopic threshing situation and kernel damage, they cannot conduct statistical analysis on the specific mechanical behavior during the threshing process.

[0004] In view of the current difficulties in the research of corn threshing mechanisms, there is an urgent need to develop a corn threshing test bench and its test method to overcome the shortcomings in current practical applications. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a corn threshing test bench and its test method, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] The present invention is implemented as follows: a corn threshing test bench includes a frame and further includes:

[0007] A drive system, which is mounted on a frame and electrically connected to a control system;

[0008] A threshing system, which is mounted on a frame and connected to a drive system;

[0009] The control system includes a monitoring device, a PLC controller, and a dust collector. The PLC controller is used to control the operation of the drive system and to control the dust collector according to the threshing volume to achieve the suction of dust and debris, while collecting information from the monitoring device.

[0010] A further technical solution includes a base plate mounted on a frame, a cover mounted on the base plate, and a sealed chamber formed by the cooperation of the base plate and the cover. A threshing drum is provided in the chamber. The threshing drum is mounted on the frame via a bearing seat and is connected to a drive system. A threshing mechanism for threshing corn kernels is mounted on the threshing drum. A feed hopper is provided on the cover.

[0011] The machine cover has multiple adjusting grids evenly distributed, and the machine cover is provided with adjusting slide rails for mounting the adjusting grids. The adjusting slide rails are also provided with adjusting sliders for adjusting the tilt angle of the adjusting grids.

[0012] In a further technical solution, the threshing mechanism includes a connecting plate and a threshing concave plate. Multiple connecting plates are staggered on the side wall of the threshing drum. A fixing plate is mounted on the connecting plate, and threshing teeth are mounted on the fixing plate.

[0013] The threshing teeth are detachably installed on the fixed plate, and the threshing teeth are available in various models, which can achieve different threshing processes for corn.

[0014] The threshing concave plate is installed on the base plate, and the threshing concave plate is provided with a combined concave sieve. The concave sieve is divided into multiple pieces and combined with the threshing drum to squeeze and thresh the corn.

[0015] A further technical solution is provided, wherein the monitoring device includes:

[0016] A tension / compression sensor, the top of which is connected to a bearing seat and the bottom of which is fixed to the frame, monitors the force on the threshing drum through the bearing seat;

[0017] A camera is installed on one side of the grain outlet of the base plate to observe the distribution of grains during the threshing process.

[0018] A pressure sensor is installed on the side of the connecting plate away from the fixed plate to monitor the force between the threshing teeth and the corn during the threshing process.

[0019] A torque sensor, one end of which is connected to the driven pulley via a belt pulley coupling, and the other end of which is connected to the threshing drum via a threshing drum coupling.

[0020] In a further technical solution, the drive system includes a drive motor mounted on the frame, a drive pulley connected to the output end of the drive motor, and a reducer connected between the drive pulley and the output end of the drive motor. One end of the threshing drum is connected to a driven pulley via a belt pulley coupling, and the drive pulley is connected to the driven pulley via a belt to achieve power transmission.

[0021] Another objective of this invention is to provide a testing method for a corn threshing test bench, based on the aforementioned corn threshing test bench, comprising the following steps:

[0022] Step 1: Before the test begins, determine the test content, install the threshing teeth and threshing concave plate according to the test settings, determine the angle of the adjusting grid plate, and determine the drum speed and other parameters;

[0023] Step 2: Connect the PLC controller and monitoring device, connect the drive motor and control system, determine the parameter control range, electrically connect the pressure sensor, tension sensor, and torque sensor to the control system, build a model of the dust collector and pressure sensor variation range, and determine the working range of the dust collector under different pressure conditions; turn on the control system and sensors, perform system zeroing, add corn ears into the hopper, observe the output data and monitoring status of the system, determine the threshing effect, and collect the threshed kernels to determine their specific parameter range and basic conditions.

[0024] Step 3: After the test, turn off the sensor, clean up the remaining corn, and then turn off the control system and the power supply of the whole machine.

[0025] The corn threshing test bench and its test method provided in this embodiment of the invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0026] (1) By using a PLC controller and a multi-modal monitoring system, the state of corn during the entire threshing process can be analyzed through various sensors to determine the stress conditions during the corn threshing process. This allows for testing of different design structures under various conditions.

[0027] (2) The threshing device has uniformly distributed installation threaded holes on the surface of the threshing drum for installing threshing teeth. The surface installation can be freely arranged, and parameters such as the pushing thread can be adjusted. Various types of threshing teeth can be combined with the fixed plate to achieve testing of different threshing tooth structural parameters. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a corn threshing test bench provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a threshing drum in a corn threshing test bench provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of threshing teeth in a corn threshing test bench provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the machine cover in a corn threshing test bench provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a threshing concave plate in a corn threshing test bench provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] In the attached diagram: 1. Drive motor; 2. Reducer; 3. Drive pulley; 4. Driven pulley; 5. Feed hopper; 6. Machine cover; 7. Bearing seat; 8. Tension / compression sensor; 9. Frame; 10. Base plate; 11. Dust collector; 12. Camera; 13. Belt pulley coupling; 14. Torque sensor; 15. Threshing drum coupling; 16. Threshing drum; 17. Threshing teeth; 18. Fixed plate; 19. Pressure sensor; 20. Connecting plate; 21. Adjusting grid; 22. Adjusting slide rail; 23. Adjusting slider; 24. Concave screen. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0035] The specific implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0036] like Figures 1-5 As shown, a corn threshing test bench provided in one embodiment of the present invention includes a frame 9, and further includes:

[0037] A drive system, which is mounted on the frame 9 and electrically connected to the control system;

[0038] A threshing system, which is mounted on the frame 9 and is connected to the drive system via transmission;

[0039] The control system includes a monitoring device, a PLC controller, and a dust collector. The PLC controller is used to control the operation of the drive system and to control the dust collector according to the threshing volume to achieve the suction of dust and debris, while collecting information from the monitoring device.

[0040] In this embodiment of the invention, the dust collector 11 is installed on both sides of the base plate 10 to adsorb small particles of debris during the threshing process, while ensuring that it does not affect the movement trajectory of the grains and the broken parts.

[0041] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the threshing system includes a base plate 10 mounted on a frame 9, a cover 6 mounted on the base plate 10, and a sealed chamber formed by the cooperation of the base plate 10 and the cover 6. A threshing drum 16 is provided in the chamber. The threshing drum 16 is mounted on the frame 9 through a bearing seat 7 and is connected to a drive system. A threshing mechanism for threshing corn kernels is mounted on the threshing drum 16. A feed hopper 5 is provided on the cover 6.

[0042] The machine cover 6 has multiple adjusting grid plates 21 evenly distributed, and the machine cover 6 is provided with adjusting slide rails 22 for mounting the adjusting grid plates 21. The adjusting slide rails 22 are also provided with adjusting sliders 23 for adjusting the tilt angle of the adjusting grid plates 21.

[0043] In this embodiment of the invention, during use, the corn to be threshed is simply fed into the chamber through the feed hopper 5. The drive system rotates the threshing drum 16, which in turn drives the detachment mechanism to thresh the corn. Simultaneously, by adjusting the guiding action of the grid plate 21, the corn can be spirally propelled for easier threshing. Furthermore, by adjusting the slider 23, the angle of the grid plate 21 mounted on the adjusting slide rail 22 can be adjusted, thereby regulating the feed rate of the spiral propulsion.

[0044] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the threshing mechanism includes a connecting plate 20 and a threshing concave plate. Multiple connecting plates 20 are staggered on the side wall of the threshing drum 16. A fixing plate 18 is mounted on the connecting plate 20, and threshing teeth 17 are mounted on the fixing plate 18.

[0045] The threshing teeth 17 are detachably installed on the fixing plate 18, and the threshing teeth 17 are provided in various models, so that different threshing processes of corn can be achieved by using different models of threshing teeth 17.

[0046] The threshing concave plate is installed on the base plate 10, and the threshing concave plate is provided with a combined concave sieve 24. The concave sieve 24 is divided into multiple pieces and combined to work with the threshing drum 16 to squeeze and thresh the corn.

[0047] like Figures 1-3 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the monitoring device includes:

[0048] The tension / compression sensor 8 is connected at its top end to the bearing seat 7 and at its bottom end to the frame 9. It monitors the force on the threshing drum 16 through the bearing seat 7.

[0049] Camera 12 is installed on one side of the grain outlet of the base plate 10 to observe the distribution of grains during the threshing process;

[0050] Pressure sensor 19 is installed on the side of the connecting plate 20 away from the fixed plate 18, and is used to monitor the force between the threshing teeth 17 and the corn during the threshing process.

[0051] The torque sensor 14 has one end connected to the driven pulley 4 via a pulley coupling 13, and the other end connected to the threshing drum 16 via a threshing drum coupling 15.

[0052] like Figure 1 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the drive system includes:

[0053] The drive motor 1 is mounted on the frame 9. The output end of the drive motor 1 is connected to the drive pulley 3, and a reducer 2 is connected between the drive pulley 3 and the output end of the drive motor 1. The reducer 2 is used to reduce the speed of the drive motor 1 and increase the torque. One end of the threshing drum 16 is connected to the driven pulley 4 through the belt pulley coupling 13, and the drive pulley 3 is connected to the driven pulley 4 through the belt to realize power transmission.

[0054] In this embodiment of the invention, both the drive pulley 3 and the driven pulley 4 can be replaced, thereby controlling the threshing drum 16 to generate different rotation speeds. During operation, the drive motor 1 can drive the drive pulley 3 to rotate via the reducer 2, and the drive pulley 3 can drive the driven pulley 4 to rotate synchronously via a belt, which in turn drives the threshing drum 16 to rotate synchronously via the belt pulley coupling 13.

[0055] In actual operation, the PLC controller can control the drive motor 1 to rotate at a fixed speed, and at the same time control the dust collector 11 to achieve different adsorption effects at different speeds. It can also determine the magnitude of the adsorption force based on the pressure value range detected by each pressure sensor 19.

[0056] The drive system is responsible for driving the threshing drum 16 to rotate. The threshing drum 16 drives the threshing mechanism and related components to thresh the corn. The threshing teeth 17 are equipped with pressure sensors 19. One end of the threshing drum 16 is equipped with a tension and compression sensor 8, and the other end is equipped with a torque sensor 14 connected to the drive device. This system monitors and controls the entire threshing process. The monitoring system is responsible for monitoring all the forces applied during the process, as well as the distribution of corn kernels and other parts observed by the camera.

[0057] An embodiment of the present invention provides a test method for a corn threshing test bench, which, based on the aforementioned corn threshing test bench, includes the following steps:

[0058] Step 1: Before the test begins, determine the test content, install the threshing teeth and threshing concave plate according to the test settings, determine the angle of the adjusting grid plate, and determine the drum speed and other parameters;

[0059] Step 2: Connect the PLC controller and monitoring device, connect the drive motor and control system, determine the parameter control range, and electrically connect the pressure sensor, tension / compression sensor, and torque sensor to the control system. Build a model of the dust collector and the pressure sensor's variation range to determine the dust collector's operating range under different pressure conditions. Turn on the control system and sensors, perform system zeroing, add corn ears into the hopper, observe the system's output data and monitoring status to determine the threshing effect, and collect the threshed kernels to determine their specific parameter range and basic conditions.

[0060] Step 3: After the test, turn off the sensor, clean up the remaining corn, and then turn off the control system and the power supply of the whole machine.

[0061] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A corn shelling test stand comprising a frame, characterized in that, Also include: Drive system, drive system is installed on the rack, and with the control system electrically connected; Threshing system, the threshing system is installed on the rack, and is in transmission connection with the drive system; Control system, control system includes monitoring device, PLC controller and dust collector, the PLC controller is used for controlling the drive system operation, and controlling the dust collector to carry out matching control according to the threshing amount, the dust and the chippings are sucked out, and the information collected by the monitoring device is collected; The threshing system includes a bottom plate installed on the rack, the bottom plate is installed with a machine cover, a sealed chamber is formed through the cooperation of the bottom plate and the machine cover, and a threshing cylinder is arranged in the chamber, the threshing cylinder is installed on the rack through a bearing seat, and the threshing cylinder is in transmission connection with the drive system, the threshing cylinder is installed with a threshing mechanism for threshing corn kernels, and a feeding hopper is arranged on the machine cover; A plurality of adjusting grates are equidistantly distributed in the machine cover, and adjusting sliding rails for mounting the adjusting grates are arranged on the machine cover, and adjusting sliding blocks for adjusting the inclination angle of the adjusting grates are further arranged on the adjusting sliding rails; The threshing mechanism includes a connecting plate and a threshing concave plate, a plurality of connecting plates are alternately installed on the side wall of the threshing cylinder, a fixing plate is installed on the connecting plate, and threshing teeth are installed on the fixing plate; The threshing concave plate is installed on the bottom plate, and a combined concave screen is arranged on the threshing concave plate, the concave screen is divided into multiple parts and combined; The threshing teeth are detachably installed on the fixing plate, and the threshing teeth are provided in multiple types; The drive system includes a drive motor installed on the rack, a drive pulley is connected to the output end of the drive motor, a speed reducer is connected between the output end of the drive motor and the drive pulley, one end of the threshing cylinder is connected with a driven pulley through a belt pulley coupling, and the drive pulley is connected with the driven pulley through a belt; The monitoring device includes: Tension sensor, the top end of the tension sensor is connected with the bearing seat, and the bottom end is fixed on the rack, the stress condition of the threshing cylinder is monitored through the bearing seat; Camera, the camera is installed on one side of the grain outlet of the bottom plate, and is used for observing the distribution of the kernels in the threshing process; Pressure sensor, the pressure sensor is installed on the side of the connecting plate away from the fixing plate, and is used for monitoring the stress between the threshing teeth and the corn during the threshing process; Torque sensor, one end of the torque sensor is connected with the driven pulley through a belt pulley coupling, and the other end is connected with the threshing cylinder through a threshing cylinder coupling.

2. A test method for a corn threshing test bench based on the corn threshing test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that The following steps are included: Step 1, before the test starts, determine the test content, install the threshing teeth and the threshing concave plate according to the test setting, determine the angle of the adjusting grate, determine the rotating speed of the cylinder and other parameters; Step 2, connect the PLC controller with the monitoring device, drive the motor and control system connected, determine the parameter control range, pressure sensor, tension sensor and torque sensor and control system electric connection, build the dust collector and pressure sensor change range model, determine the dust collector working range under different pressure conditions; Open the control system and sensor, system zero processing, add corn ear in the hopper, observe the output data and monitoring situation in the system, determine the threshing effect, and collect the threshed grain to determine its specific parameter range; Step 3, after the test, close the sensor, clean up the residual corn, and close the control system and the whole machine power after cleaning.

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