Self-propelled sunflower harvester

Abstract

The utility model provides a self-propelled sunflower harvester, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery and structurally comprises a self-propelled vehicle machine and a frame, a header is arranged at the front end of the frame, and a primary conveyor and a secondary conveyor are communicated with the rear of the header. The rear part of the secondary conveyor is communicated with a thresher; a screening mechanism is arranged below the thresher, and the screening mechanism is composed of a first-stage vibrating screen which is composed of a swinging fish scale screen and rushes backwards, and a second-stage vibrating screen which is composed of a swinging stepped dense mesh screen and rushes forwards; the screening mechanism communicates with the conveying and lifting mechanism. The conveying and lifting mechanism comprises a transverse auger and a bucket elevator. And the conveying and lifting mechanism is connected with the grain collecting hopper. The sunflower seed and sunflower disc separating device can achieve good separation of sunflower seeds and sunflower discs, the sunflower seeds and the sunflower discs are respectively conveyed in two paths during threshing, and simple and efficient threshing separation can be achieved. The threshing process is automatically completed, manpower and material resources are saved, and good harvesting and harvesting effects are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of agricultural machinery technology, specifically a self-propelled sunflower harvester. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional sunflower seed harvesting is done manually, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive for large-scale harvesting. The introduction of self-propelled sunflower harvesters has greatly improved the productivity of sunflower harvesting operations while reducing the labor intensity. However, traditional sunflower harvesters have low seed harvesting efficiency, low yield, high seed mix, and inconsistent harvest quality. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical objective of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies and provide a self-propelled sunflower harvester.

[0004] The technical solution of this utility model is implemented in the following way: the self-propelled sunflower harvester of this utility model includes a self-propelled machine and a frame, with a cutting table configured at the front end of the frame.

[0005] The back of the cutting table is connected to a primary conveyor and a secondary conveyor;

[0006] A threshing machine is connected to the secondary conveyor.

[0007] A screening mechanism is installed below the thresher, which is connected to a conveying and lifting mechanism, and the conveying and lifting mechanism is connected to the grain collection hopper.

[0008] The threshing machine is configured as a single-drum threshing machine or a double-drum threshing machine; the structure of the threshing unit of the single-drum or double-drum threshing machine is as follows:

[0009] A threshing shaft is installed inside the horizontally vertical cylinder;

[0010] A spiral conveying blade is fixedly installed on the front section of the threshing shaft. The spiral conveying direction is set to the rear. The front section of the cylinder where the spiral conveying blade is located constitutes the front spiral conveying section.

[0011] A feeding port is provided above the cylinder of the front screw conveyor section, and the feeding port is connected to the end of the secondary conveyor;

[0012] The middle and rear sections of the threshing shaft are fixed with spirally arranged crushing and stirring ribs. The crushing and stirring ribs and the middle and rear sections of the shaft constitute the crushing and stirring shaft. The middle and rear sections of the cylinder where the crushing and stirring shaft is located constitute the crushing and threshing section.

[0013] Centrifugal plates arranged in a radial pattern around the axis are fixed to the end section of the threshing shaft, and centrifugal rakes are fixed to the centrifugal edges of the centrifugal plates; the end section of the cylinder containing the centrifugal plates constitutes the sunflower crushing head centrifugal ejection section.

[0014] The sunflower crusher centrifugal ejection section has a discharge port that is tangentially rotated and returned to the field.

[0015] In the crushing and threshing section and the centrifugal ejection section of sunflower seed fragments, a seed rib sieve is set in the lower half of the cylinder. The ribs of the seed rib sieve are arranged horizontally from left to right.

[0016] A screening mechanism is installed on the frame below the threshing unit. The screening mechanism consists of a grain screening chamber. The rear of the grain screening chamber is open to the outside. The grain screening chamber is equipped with a fish scale screen frame, a fixing frame, and a bottom support frame.

[0017] Fish scale sieves are fixedly connected to the fish scale sieve frame. The raised part of the scales of the fish scale sieve faces backward, and the gaps between the scales form the mesh channel through which sunflower seeds pass.

[0018] A fixed hinge point is fixedly installed on the fixed frame, and a triangular crank handle is hinged to the fixed hinge point. The middle bend of the triangular crank handle is hinged to the fixed hinge point. The upper end of the triangular crank handle is rotatably hinged to the fish scale screen frame, and the lower end of the triangular crank handle is rotatably hinged to the bottom support frame.

[0019] The triangular crank handles are arranged in front and rear of the fixed frame, and two on each of the left and right edges, combining the fish scale screen frame and the bottom support frame into a swing mechanism.

[0020] The base bracket is inclined, with its front end sinking and its rear end rising. The base bracket is provided with a stepped fine mesh screen that is arranged in a downward inclined direction. The size of the fine mesh of the stepped fine mesh screen is smaller than that of sunflower seeds.

[0021] An eccentric shaft is provided at the bottom of the rear end of the frame, and the eccentric shaft is hinged to the bottom bracket via a rocker arm;

[0022] The rotation of the eccentric shaft drives the rocker arm to swing, and the swing of the rocker arm causes the base bracket to swing around the fixed hinge point as the fulcrum; when the base bracket swings, the fish scale screen frame swings in the opposite direction around the fixed hinge point.

[0023] The oscillating fish-scale screen forms a primary vibrating screen that surges backward;

[0024] The oscillating stepped fine-mesh screen forms a two-stage vibrating screen that surges forward.

[0025] A fan is installed at the front end of the grain screening chamber; the fan is a cross-flow fan.

[0026] The main air output of the blower is blown from the bottom of the threshing unit, along the channel between the grain rib screen and the fish scale screen of the threshing cylinder, from front to back to the outside of the machine tail, forming the first air separation and air delivery channel.

[0027] The secondary air output of the blower blows from below the fish scale screen, along the channel between the fish scale screen and the stepped fine mesh screen, from front to back to the outside of the machine tail, forming a second air selection and delivery channel.

[0028] An air separation baffle is installed on the grain screening chamber behind the tail end of the fish scale sieve.

[0029] The air separation baffle is set along the left and right span of the seed screening bin. The air separation baffle is set at an angle, with the windward side of the air separation baffle facing upward and tilted towards the end of the first air separation and air conveying channel and towards the end of the second air separation and air conveying channel. The air separation baffle is used to block the sunflower seeds conveyed by the air and bounce them back to the second air separation and air conveying channel.

[0030] The front end of the air separation baffle is hinged to the grain screening bin, and the rear end is detached from the arc-shaped adjustment rail hole on the wall of the grain screening bin.

[0031] The surface of the air separator baffle is covered with a dense mesh.

[0032] The frame is equipped with a conveying and lifting mechanism in the middle, which includes a horizontal auger and a bucket elevator;

[0033] The front end of the grain screening bin of the stepped fine mesh screen is connected to the bottom of the horizontal auger; the horizontal auger is connected to the bucket elevator, and the top of the bucket elevator discharges towards the grain collection hopper behind the frame. A spiral feeder is installed at the horizontal position of the loading level line of the grain collection hopper.

[0034] The front of the header is equipped with dividers arranged at equal intervals on the left and right sides.

[0035] The front end of each divider is set as the inter-row dividing tip;

[0036] Each divider is equipped with a longitudinal belt conveyor for rearward transport. Baffles are provided on the conveyor surface of the conveyor belt of the longitudinal belt conveyor. The longitudinal belt conveyor is used to transport the sunflower heads backward.

[0037] Each longitudinal belt conveyor has passive rotating rollers on both sides of the upper conveying surface. Each passive rotating roller is arranged longitudinally and is used to assist in the separation of sunflower heads and sunflower stems during the rearward movement of the rows on the divider.

[0038] A stem-cutting blade is fixedly installed on the cutting platform at the rear end of the row passage between each pair of adjacent dividers. The front end of the stem-cutting blade is inclined downward and its height is lower than the upper conveying surface of the longitudinal belt conveyor, while the rear end is inclined upward.

[0039] A horizontal shaft arranged in the left-right direction is mounted at the rear end below the cutter head plane formed by the divider. Protruding paddles are fixedly distributed on the shaft of the horizontal shaft. The horizontal shaft with paddles is used to roll down the sunflower stems. The horizontal shaft is a square shaft.

[0040] Two opposing transverse belt conveyors are installed at the tail of the cutting platform to concentrate the sunflower heads conveyed by the longitudinal belt conveyor inward; a collection hopper is installed between the two opposing transverse belt conveyors to collect the sunflower heads that are concentrated inward.

[0041] The bottom of each divider on the header plane is hinged to the header suspension frame at the end of the header via an inclined support rod;

[0042] The header suspension frame is fixedly connected to the header control frame at the front end of the machine frame.

[0043] The primary and secondary conveyors are longitudinally positioned in the middle of the frame, both inclined with the front end pointing downwards and the rear end pointing upwards. They are used to convey the sunflower heads by lifting them at two different heights, from the central hopper of the cutting table to the thresher at the rear of the frame.

[0044] Both the primary and secondary conveyors are equipped with outer casings, and the space between the outer casings and the inner upper conveying plane forms a conveyor channel.

[0045] The conveyor channels of the primary conveyor and the secondary conveyor are connected sequentially;

[0046] The upstream end of the primary conveyor is connected to the central hopper of the cutting table;

[0047] The downstream end of the secondary conveyor is connected to the front end of the threshing unit cylinder.

[0048] The self-propelled vehicle system is equipped with a driving control mechanism, a power mechanism, a drive mechanism, and a chassis running mechanism;

[0049] The driving control mechanism controls the power mechanism to drive the chassis running mechanism forward;

[0050] The power transmission drive mechanism drives the cutting table, primary conveyor, secondary conveyor, thresher, screening mechanism, and conveying and lifting mechanism to operate.

[0051] The beneficial effects of this utility model compared with the prior art are:

[0052] This self-propelled sunflower harvester can effectively separate sunflower seeds from sunflower heads. During threshing, the seeds and heads are transported and processed separately in two separate streams, enabling simple and efficient threshing and separation. The threshing process is completed automatically, saving manpower and resources.

[0053] The resulting sunflower seeds have a low breakage rate, a high finished product qualification rate, a high yield, and very little seed adulteration. The machine is highly practical and flexible, allowing for adjustments to various equipment parameters based on sunflower growth status and variety, thus achieving excellent harvesting results.

[0054] This utility model relates to a self-propelled sunflower harvester with an integrated structure and divided actuators according to work sections. It is convenient, practical, and easy to maintain, with good operating capabilities, reducing downtime for maintenance and effectively improving the efficiency of sunflower harvesting.

[0055] The preferred operating condition for the harvesting platform of the self-propelled sunflower harvester of this utility model is that the sunflower heads are first cut off at the neck by hand in the field and inserted into the sunflower stems to dry until they reach the required dryness for harvesting.

[0056] The self-propelled sunflower harvester of this utility model is reasonably designed, simple in structure, safe and reliable, easy to use and maintain, and has great value for promotion and use. Attached Figure Description

[0057] Appendix Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall assembly structure of this utility model;

[0058] Appendix Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the layout structure of this utility model;

[0059] Appendix Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the threshing unit of this utility model;

[0060] Appendix Figure 4 This is a side view of the crushing and threshing section of this utility model.

[0061] Appendix Figure 5 This is a top view of the threshing unit of this utility model.

[0062] Appendix Figure 6 This is a top view schematic diagram of the screening mechanism of this utility model;

[0063] Appendix Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the layout structure of the screening mechanism and the conveying and lifting mechanism of this utility model;

[0064] Appendix Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the process flow structure of the threshing machine, screening mechanism, and conveying and lifting mechanism of this utility model;

[0065] Appendix Figure 9 This is a top view of the cutting platform of this utility model.

[0066] Appendix Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the cutting platform of this utility model;

[0067] Appendix Figure 11 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the threshing machine of this utility model;

[0068] Appendix Figure 12This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the grain collection hopper of this utility model;

[0069] Appendix Figure 13 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the assembly of this utility model.

[0070] The markings in the attached diagram represent:

[0071] 1. Self-propelled vehicle-mounted machine; 2. Frame;

[0072] 3. Cutting platform; 4. Primary conveyor; 5. Secondary conveyor; 6. Threshing machine; 7. Screening mechanism; 8. Conveying and lifting mechanism; 9. Grain collection hopper.

[0073] 10. Threshing unit

[0074] 11. Cylinder body; 12. Threshing shaft;

[0075] 13. Screw conveyor blades; 14. Front screw conveyor section;

[0076] 15. Crushing and mixing ribs; 16. Crushing and mixing shaft; 17. Crushing and threshing section.

[0077] 18. Centrifugal plate; 19. Centrifugal rake; 20. Sunflower chip centrifugal ejection section; 21. Discharge port.

[0078] 22. Grain Rib Screen

[0079] 23. Grain screening bin,

[0080] 24. Fish scale sieve frame; 25. Fixing frame; 26. Base support frame.

[0081] 27. Fish scale sieve; 28. Scales; 29. ​​Sunflower seed kernel permeability mesh channel.

[0082] 30. Fixed hinge point; 31. Triangular crank handle; 32. Swinging mechanism.

[0083] 33. Stepped fine-mesh sieve,

[0084] 34. Eccentric pivot; 35. Joystick.

[0085] 36. The primary vibrating screen that surges backward.

[0086] 37. The two-stage vibrating screen surging forward.

[0087] 38. Fan; 39. First air selection and delivery channel; 40. Second air selection and delivery channel.

[0088] 41. Wind selector baffle; 42. Windward side; 43. Arc-shaped adjusting rail hole; 44. Dense mesh.

[0089] 45. Horizontal auger; 46. Bucket elevator; 47. Spiral feeder.

[0090] 48. Rice divider; 49. Rice divider tip between rows;

[0091] 50. Longitudinal belt conveyor; 51. Baffle; 52. Passive rotating roller.

[0092] 53. Stem-cutting spatula,

[0093] 54. Horizontal axis; 55. Paddle;

[0094] 56. Horizontal belt conveyor; 57. Centralized hopper;

[0095] 58. Angled support rod; 59. Header suspension frame; 60. Header control frame.

[0096] 61. Outer casing; 62. Conveyor channel;

[0097] 63. Driving control mechanism; 64. Power mechanism; 65. Drive mechanism; 66. Chassis running mechanism. Detailed Implementation

[0098] The self-propelled sunflower harvester of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0099] As shown in the attached figure, the self-propelled sunflower harvester of this utility model includes a self-propelled vehicle (1) and a frame (2), the structure of which is: a cutting table (3) is configured at the front end of the frame (2).

[0100] The cutting platform (3) is connected to a primary conveyor (4) and a secondary conveyor (5) at the rear.

[0101] A threshing machine (6) is connected to the rear of the secondary conveyor (5);

[0102] A screening mechanism (7) is installed below the thresher (6). The screening mechanism (7) is connected to the conveying and lifting mechanism (8), and the grain collection hopper (9) is connected to the conveying and lifting mechanism (8).

[0103] The threshing machine (6) is configured as a single-drum threshing machine or a double-drum threshing machine; the structure of the threshing unit (10) of the single-drum threshing machine or the double-drum threshing machine is:

[0104] A threshing shaft (12) is installed inside the horizontally placed cylinder (11).

[0105] A spiral conveying blade (13) is fixedly installed on the front section of the threshing shaft (12). The spiral conveying direction is set to the rear. The front section of the cylinder where the spiral conveying blade is located constitutes the front spiral conveying section (14).

[0106] A feeding port is provided above the cylinder of the front screw conveyor section, and the feeding port is connected to the end of the secondary conveyor;

[0107] The middle and rear section of the threshing shaft (12) is fixed with spirally arranged crushing and stirring ribs (15). The crushing and stirring ribs (15) and the middle and rear section of the shaft constitute the crushing and stirring shaft (16). The middle and rear section of the cylinder where the crushing and stirring shaft (16) is located constitutes the crushing and threshing section (17).

[0108] Centrifugal plates (18) arranged in a radial pattern at the center of the shaft are fixed on the last section of the threshing shaft (12). Centrifugal rakes (19) are fixed on the centrifugal edge of the centrifugal plates (18). The last section of the cylinder where the centrifugal plates are located constitutes the sunflower crushing head centrifugal ejection section (20).

[0109] A discharge port (21) is provided on the cylinder of the sunflower crushing centrifugal ejection section (20) for returning to the field along the tangential direction of the rotation.

[0110] In the lower half of the cylinder of the crushing and threshing section (14) and the sunflower crushing head centrifugal throwing section (17), a seed rib sieve (22) is set, and the ribs of the seed rib sieve (22) are arranged horizontally on the left and right sides.

[0111] A screening mechanism (7) is provided on the frame below the threshing unit (10). The screening mechanism (7) consists of a grain screening chamber (23). The rear of the grain screening chamber (23) is open to the outside. A fish scale screen frame (24), a fixing frame (25), and a bottom support frame (26) are provided inside the grain screening chamber (23).

[0112] Fish scale sieve (27) is fixedly connected to the fish scale sieve frame (24). The raised part of the scales (28) of the fish scale sieve (27) faces backward, and the gap between the scales forms a sunflower seed passage channel (29).

[0113] A fixed hinge point (30) is fixedly installed on the fixed frame (25). A triangular crank handle (31) is hinged on the fixed hinge point. The middle bend of the triangular crank handle (31) is hinged on the fixed hinge point (30). The upper end of the triangular crank handle (31) is rotatably hinged to the fish scale screen frame (24). The lower end of the triangular crank handle (31) is rotatably hinged to the bottom bracket (26).

[0114] The triangular crank handle (31) is arranged with one at the front and back of the fixed frame and two at the left and right edges, combining the fish scale screen frame (24) and the bottom support frame (26) into a swing mechanism (32).

[0115] The base bracket (26) is inclined, with its front end sinking and its rear end rising. The base bracket (26) is provided with a stepped dense mesh screen (33) arranged in a downward inclined direction. The size of the dense mesh of the stepped dense mesh screen (33) is smaller than that of sunflower seeds.

[0116] An eccentric rotating shaft (34) is provided at the bottom of the rear end of the frame. The eccentric rotating shaft (34) is hinged to the bottom bracket (26) via a rocker arm (35).

[0117] The rotation of the eccentric shaft (34) causes the rocker arm (35) to swing. The swing of the rocker arm (35) causes the base bracket (26) to swing around the fixed hinge point. When the base bracket (26) swings, the fish scale screen frame (24) swings in the opposite direction around the fixed hinge point.

[0118] The oscillating fish scale screen (27) constitutes a primary vibrating screen (36) that surges backward.

[0119] The oscillating stepped fine mesh screen (33) constitutes a forward-flowing secondary vibrating screen (37).

[0120] At least one fan (38) is installed at the front end of the grain screening bin (23), and the fan (38) is a cross-flow fan;

[0121] The main air output of the blower (38) is blown from the bottom of the threshing unit (10) along the channel between the grain rib screen (22) and the fish scale screen (27) of the threshing cylinder from front to back to the outside of the machine tail, forming the first air separation and air delivery channel (39).

[0122] The secondary air output of the blower (38) is blown from below the fish scale screen (27) along the channel between the fish scale screen (27) and the stepped dense mesh screen (33) from front to back to the outside of the machine tail, forming a second air selection and delivery channel (40).

[0123] A wind-selection baffle (41) is installed on the grain screening chamber behind the tail end of the fish scale sieve (27).

[0124] The wind-separating baffle (41) is set along the left and right span of the seed screening bin. The wind-separating baffle (41) is set at an angle. The windward side (42) of the wind-separating baffle (41) faces upward and tilts towards the end of the first wind-separating air-conveying channel (39) and towards the end of the second wind-separating air-conveying channel (40). The wind-separating baffle is used to block the sunflower seeds conveyed by the wind and bounce them to the second wind-separating air-conveying channel (40) and vibrate forward and downward. The sunflower seeds screened from the fish scale screen (27) fall directly onto the surface of the stepped fine mesh screen (33) and vibrate forward and downward.

[0125] The front end of the air separation baffle (41) is hinged to the grain screening bin, and the rear end is detached from the arc adjustment rail hole (43) on the wall of the grain screening bin.

[0126] The surface of the air separation baffle (41) is provided with dense mesh (44).

[0127] The frame (2) is equipped with a conveying and lifting mechanism (8) in the middle, which includes a horizontal auger (45) and a bucket elevator (46).

[0128] The front end of the grain screening bin (23) of the stepped fine mesh screen (33) is connected to the bottom of the horizontal auger (45); the horizontal auger (45) is connected to the bucket elevator (46) and the top of the bucket elevator discharges towards the grain collection hopper (9) behind the frame. A spiral feeder (47) is set at the horizontal position of the loading level line of the grain collection hopper (9).

[0129] In terms of power: the eccentric rotating shaft, threshing shaft, blower, horizontal auger, bucket elevator, and spiral feeder are all driven by mechanical and / or hydraulic power output from the power mechanism or drive mechanism on the frame.

[0130] The front of the header (3) is provided with dividers (48) arranged at equal intervals on the left and right sides.

[0131] The front end of each divider (48) is set as the inter-row dividing tip (49);

[0132] Each divider (48) is provided with a longitudinal belt conveyor (50) for rearward conveying. A baffle (51) is provided on the conveying surface of the conveyor belt of the longitudinal belt conveyor (50). The longitudinal belt conveyor is used to transport the sunflower heads backward.

[0133] Each longitudinal belt conveyor (50) has a passive rotating roller (52) on both sides of the upper conveying surface. Each passive rotating roller (52) is arranged longitudinally and is used to assist in the separation of sunflower heads and sunflower stems during the rearward movement of the row on the divider.

[0134] A stem-cutting blade (53) is fixedly installed on the cutting platform at the rear end of the row passage between each pair of adjacent dividers (48). The front end of the stem-cutting blade (53) is inclined downward and its height is lower than the upper conveying surface of the longitudinal belt conveyor, while the rear end is inclined upward.

[0135] A horizontal shaft (54) arranged in the left and right direction is mounted at the rear end below the cutter plane formed by the divider (48). Protruding paddles (55) are fixedly distributed on the shaft of the horizontal shaft (54). The horizontal shaft with paddles is used to roll down the sunflower stem. The horizontal shaft is a square shaft.

[0136] Two opposing transverse belt conveyors (56) are installed at the tail of the cutting table to concentrate the sunflower heads conveyed by the longitudinal belt conveyor inward; a collection hopper (57) is installed between the two opposing transverse belt conveyors (56) to collect the sunflower heads that are concentrated inward.

[0137] The bottom of each divider on the header plane is hinged to the header suspension frame (59) at the end of the header via an inclined support rod (58);

[0138] The cutter head suspension bracket (59) is fixedly connected to the cutter head control bracket (60) at the front end of the machine frame.

[0139] In terms of power: the two opposing transverse belt conveyors, the longitudinal belt conveyor of the divider, and the transverse shaft are all equipped with power sprockets. Their rotation power is driven by the mechanical power and / or hydraulic power output from the drive mechanism of the frame to the cutter.

[0140] The primary conveyor (4) and the secondary conveyor (5) are longitudinally positioned in the middle of the frame. Both are inclined with the front end facing downward and the rear end facing upward. They are used to convey the sunflower heads by lifting the sunflower heads from the height difference between the central hopper (57) of the cutting table and the thresher at the rear of the frame.

[0141] Both the primary and secondary conveyors are equipped with outer casings (61), and the outer casings and the inner upper conveying plane form a conveyor channel.

[0142] The conveyor channels of the primary conveyor (4) and the secondary conveyor (5) are connected sequentially;

[0143] The upstream end of the primary conveyor (4) is connected to the central hopper (57) of the cutting table;

[0144] The downstream end of the secondary conveyor (5) is connected to the front end of the threshing unit cylinder.

[0145] In terms of power: the primary and secondary conveyors adopt baffle conveyor belts, and the power of the sprockets of the baffle conveyor belts is driven by the mechanical transmission output from the drive mechanism of the frame.

[0146] The self-propelled vehicle system (1) is equipped with a driving control mechanism (63), a power mechanism (64), a drive mechanism (65), and a chassis running mechanism (66).

[0147] The driving control mechanism controls the power mechanism to drive the chassis running mechanism forward;

[0148] The power transmission drive mechanism drives the cutting table, primary conveyor, secondary conveyor, thresher, screening mechanism, and conveying and lifting mechanism to operate.

[0149] A sunflower harvesting method is based on a self-propelled sunflower harvester. The method involves configuring the harvester's travel speed and adjusting the following parameters to suit the working conditions and the sunflower planting situation in the field: the speed of the longitudinal belt conveyor, the speed of the transverse belt conveyor, the speed of the transverse shaft, the speed of the primary conveyor, the speed of the secondary conveyor, the speed of the threshing shaft, the speed of the fan, the speed of the eccentric shaft of the swing mechanism, the output amplitude of the eccentric shaft, the speed of the transverse auger, the speed of the bucket elevator, and the intermittent switching of the spiral feeder. This allows for the combined harvesting and centralized processing of sunflower seeds using a self-propelled system.

[0150] The power and electrical systems of each working mechanism of this self-propelled sunflower harvester are supplied by the vehicle's electrical power, mechanical power, and hydraulic power, respectively. They can be configured according to the interface, and will not be described in detail here.

[0151] Sunflower plants planted in the field enter the harvesting platform via a divider. The sunflower heads are transported backward by a longitudinal belt conveyor. A stalk-cutting blade assists in cutting or severing the sunflower stems. A horizontal shaft with paddles assists in peeling the sunflower stems downwards. A passive rotating roller assists in separating the sunflower heads from the stems. The cylindrical body of the passive rotating roller also effectively protects the sunflower heads during transport and assists in the separation of the heads and stems. The sunflower heads are then fed into a horizontal belt conveyor. Two opposing horizontal belt conveyors collect the sunflower heads from both sides and transport them to a central hopper. The sunflower heads fall from the central hopper to a primary conveyor. From there, they are conveyed through the primary and secondary conveyors to the front spiral conveyor section of the threshing unit. The sunflower heads then enter the crushing and threshing section. There, the sunflower heads undergo centrifugal crushing and agitation by the crushing and mixing ribs, resulting in the breakage of the sunflower heads and the separation of the seeds. After detaching from the sunflower heads, large pieces of sunflower heads are ejected into the field through the centrifugal plates and rakes of the sunflower head centrifugal ejection section. A small amount of broken sunflower head remnants and leaves, along with a large number of detached sunflower seeds, fall through the gaps in the ribs of the seed rib screen into the seed screening bin. The seeds are then air-separated and conveyed by the blower and flow backward through the fish-scale screen. Most of the seeds, while flowing backward, pass through the sunflower seed penetration mesh channel between the scales of the fish-scale screen and fall into the step-mesh screen below. A small number of seeds and sunflower head leaves are blown to the rear end by the airflow. The seeds bounce off the air-separating baffle and enter the step-mesh screen below. As the step-mesh screen flows forward, the seeds are fed into the horizontal auger, then conveyed laterally to the bucket elevator for lifting, and finally fall naturally into the seed collection hopper. When the grains accumulate to a certain height in the grain collection hopper, the spiral distributor performs a horizontal conveying and even distribution operation on the accumulation peak, ensuring that the grains eventually fill the grain collection hopper completely, completing the combined harvesting operation for this batch. The next batch will begin after unloading.

Claims

1. Self-propelled sunflower harvester comprising a self-propelled vehicle and a frame, characterized in that A cutting table is installed at the front end of the frame. The back of the cutting table is connected to a primary conveyor and a secondary conveyor; A threshing machine is connected to the secondary conveyor. The thresher is equipped with a screening mechanism at the bottom, which is connected to a conveying and lifting mechanism, and the conveying and lifting mechanism is connected to the grain collection hopper. The threshing machine is configured as a single-drum threshing machine or a double-drum threshing machine; the structure of the threshing unit of the single-drum or double-drum threshing machine is as follows: A threshing shaft is installed inside the horizontally vertical cylinder; A spiral conveying blade is fixedly installed on the front section of the threshing shaft, with the spiral conveying direction facing backward. The front section of the cylinder where the spiral conveying blade is located constitutes the front spiral conveying section. A feeding port is provided above the cylinder of the front screw conveyor section, and the feeding port is connected to the end of the secondary conveyor; The middle and rear sections of the threshing shaft are fixed with spirally arranged crushing and stirring ribs. The crushing and stirring ribs and the middle and rear sections of the shaft constitute the crushing and stirring shaft. The middle and rear sections of the cylinder where the crushing and stirring shaft is located constitute the crushing and threshing section. Centrifugal plates arranged in a radial pattern around the axis are fixed to the end section of the threshing shaft, and centrifugal rakes are fixed to the centrifugal edges of the centrifugal plates; the end section of the cylinder containing the centrifugal plates constitutes the sunflower crushing head centrifugal ejection section. The sunflower crusher centrifugal ejection section has a discharge port that is tangentially rotated and returned to the field. In the crushing and threshing section and the centrifugal ejection section of sunflower seed fragments, a seed rib sieve is set in the lower half of the cylinder. The ribs of the seed rib sieve are arranged horizontally from left to right.

2. The self-propelled sunflower harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: A screening mechanism is installed on the frame below the threshing unit. The screening mechanism consists of a grain screening chamber. The rear of the grain screening chamber is open to the outside. The grain screening chamber is equipped with a fish scale screen frame, a fixing frame, and a bottom support frame. Fish scale sieves are fixedly connected to the fish scale sieve frame. The raised part of the scales of the fish scale sieve faces backward, and the gaps between the scales form the mesh channel through which sunflower seeds pass. A fixed hinge point is fixedly installed on the fixed frame, and a triangular crank handle is hinged to the fixed hinge point. The middle bend of the triangular crank handle is hinged to the fixed hinge point. The upper end of the triangular crank handle is rotatably hinged to the fish scale screen frame, and the lower end of the triangular crank handle is rotatably hinged to the bottom support frame. The triangular crank handles are arranged in front and rear of the fixed frame, and two on each of the left and right edges, combining the fish scale screen frame and the bottom support frame into a swing mechanism. The base bracket is inclined, with its front end sinking and its rear end rising. The base bracket is provided with a stepped fine mesh screen that is arranged in a downward inclined direction. The size of the fine mesh of the stepped fine mesh screen is smaller than that of sunflower seeds. An eccentric shaft is provided at the bottom of the rear end of the frame, and the eccentric shaft is hinged to the bottom bracket via a rocker arm; The rotation of the eccentric shaft drives the rocker arm to swing, and the swing of the rocker arm causes the base bracket to swing around the fixed hinge point as the fulcrum; when the base bracket swings, the fish scale screen frame swings in the opposite direction around the fixed hinge point. The oscillating fish-scale screen forms a primary vibrating screen that surges backward; The oscillating stepped fine-mesh screen forms a two-stage vibrating screen that surges forward.

3. The self-propelled sunflower harvester according to claim 2, characterized in that: A fan is installed at the front end of the grain screening chamber; the fan is a cross-flow fan. The main air output of the blower is blown from the bottom of the threshing unit, along the channel between the grain rib screen and the fish scale screen of the threshing cylinder, from front to back to the outside of the machine tail, forming the first air separation and air delivery channel. The secondary air output of the blower blows from below the fish scale screen, along the channel between the fish scale screen and the stepped fine mesh screen, from front to back to the outside of the machine tail, forming a second air selection and delivery channel.

4. The self-propelled sunflower harvester according to claim 3, characterized in that: An air separation baffle is installed on the grain screening chamber behind the tail end of the fish scale sieve. The air separation baffle is set along the left and right span of the seed screening bin. The air separation baffle is set at an angle, with the windward side of the air separation baffle facing upward and tilted towards the end of the first air separation and air conveying channel and towards the end of the second air separation and air conveying channel. The air separation baffle is used to block the sunflower seeds conveyed by the air and bounce them back to the second air separation and air conveying channel. The front end of the air separation baffle is hinged to the grain screening bin, and the rear end is detached from the arc-shaped adjustment rail hole on the wall of the grain screening bin. The surface of the air separator baffle is covered with a dense mesh.

5. The self-propelled sunflower harvester according to claim 3, characterized in that: The frame is equipped with a conveying and lifting mechanism in the middle, which includes a horizontal auger and a bucket elevator; The front end of the grain screening bin of the stepped fine mesh screen is connected to the bottom of the horizontal auger; the horizontal auger is connected to the bucket elevator, and the top of the bucket elevator discharges towards the grain collection hopper behind the frame. A spiral feeder is installed at the horizontal position of the loading level line of the grain collection hopper.

6. The self-propelled sunflower harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front of the header is equipped with dividers arranged at equal intervals on the left and right sides. The front end of each divider is set as the inter-row dividing tip; Each divider is equipped with a longitudinal belt conveyor for rearward transport. Baffles are provided on the conveyor surface of the conveyor belt of the longitudinal belt conveyor. The longitudinal belt conveyor is used to transport the sunflower heads backward. Each longitudinal belt conveyor has passive rotating rollers on both sides of the upper conveying surface. Each passive rotating roller is arranged longitudinally to assist in the separation of sunflower heads and sunflower stems during the rearward movement of the rows on the divider. A stem-cutting blade is fixedly installed on the cutting platform at the rear end of the row passage between each pair of adjacent dividers. The front end of the stem-cutting blade is inclined downward and its height is lower than the upper conveying surface of the longitudinal belt conveyor, while the rear end is inclined upward. A horizontal shaft arranged in the left-right direction is mounted at the rear end below the cutter head plane formed by the divider. Protruding paddles are fixedly distributed on the shaft of the horizontal shaft. The horizontal shaft with paddles is used to roll down the sunflower stems. The horizontal shaft is a square shaft. Two opposing transverse belt conveyors are installed at the tail of the cutting platform to concentrate the sunflower heads conveyed by the longitudinal belt conveyor inward; a collection hopper is installed between the two opposing transverse belt conveyors to collect the sunflower heads that are concentrated inward. The bottom of each divider on the header plane is hinged to the header suspension frame at the end of the header via an inclined support rod; The header suspension frame is fixedly connected to the header control frame at the front end of the machine frame.

7. The self-propelled sunflower harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first and second conveyors are longitudinally arranged in the middle of the frame and are both inclined, with the front end downward and the rear end upward, for conveying the sunflower heads in two stages of height difference from the centralized hopper of the cutting platform to the cylinder of the threshing unit; The first and second conveyors are both provided with a shell, and a conveyor channel is formed between the shell and the inner upper conveying plane, The conveyor channels of the first and second conveyors are sequentially connected; The upstream end of the first conveyor is in communication with the centralized hopper of the cutting platform; The downstream end of the second conveyor is in communication with the front end of the cylinder of the threshing unit.

8. The self-propelled sunflower harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The self-propelled vehicle is provided with a driving control mechanism, a power mechanism, a driving mechanism and a chassis walking mechanism; The driving control mechanism controls the power mechanism to drive the chassis walking mechanism to move; The power mechanism drives the driving mechanism, and the driving mechanism drives the cutting platform, the first and second conveyors, the threshing unit, the screening mechanism and the conveying and lifting mechanism to operate.

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