A rapid cultivation method for fingered citron seedlings resistant to dryness

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for rapidly cultivating fingered citron seedlings resistant to "dry fingers", which solves the problems of long cultivation cycle and easy occurrence of "dry fingers" in the existing fingered citron cultivation. The method for rapidly cultivating fingered citron seedlings resistant to "dry fingers" includes: before the fingered citron germinates, pruning the rootstock and the fingered citron, and retaining the rootstock branches and the fingered citron branches; pruning the rootstock branches into rootstock cuttings of 8-12 cm; taking scions from the fingered citron branches, and grafting the scions onto the rootstock cuttings by the bark grafting method; inserting the grafted rootstock cuttings into the plug trays filled with the substrate; in September-October of the same year, transplanting the plug seedlings in the plug trays into flower pots. Grafting the fingered citron scions onto the rootstock cuttings of 'Zhejiang citron' by the bark grafting method and then conducting cutting, it only takes 30 months from cutting to forming commercial potted plants, which can shorten the cultivation cycle by 12 months compared with the traditional method of cultivating fingered citron potted plants by cutting the fingered citron branches from seedlings; it can also effectively reduce the occurrence of the "dry fingers" phenomenon in fingered citron potted plants and improve the commercial rate of fingered citron potted plants.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of fingered citron seedling cultivation, and particularly relates to a rapid cultivation method for fingered citron seedlings resistant to "dry fingers". Background Art

[0002] "Dry fingers" refers to the symptoms of water loss and coking at the fingertips of fingered citrons that occur during the fruit color-changing period from September to October every year in the production of fingered citron potted plants. In severe cases, the entire fingered citron fruit will wither and shrink. At present, the pathogenic mechanism of "dry fingers" in fingered citrons is not clear, which seriously affects the commercial rate of fingered citron potted plants.

[0003] In addition, most of the seedlings used for the production of fingered citron potted plants are fingered citron seedling cuttings. It often takes more than 42 months (three and a half years) from cutting survival to forming a commercial potted plant. The cultivation cycle is too long, which restricts the further development of the fingered citron industry. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a rapid cultivation method for fingered citron seedlings resistant to "dry fingers", which solves the problems of long cultivation cycle and easy occurrence of "dry fingers" in the existing fingered citron cultivation.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A rapid cultivation method for fingered citron seedlings resistant to "dry fingers" includes the following steps:

[0006] S1. In March, before the fingered citron germinates, prune the rootstock and the fingered citron, and retain the rootstock branches and the fingered citron branches;

[0007] S2. Prune the rootstock branches into rootstock cuttings of 8 - 12 cm for standby;

[0008] S3. Remove the scion from the fingered citron branch and graft it onto the rootstock cutting by the bark grafting method;

[0009] S4. Insert the grafted rootstock cutting into a plug tray filled with substrate;

[0010] S5. In September - October of the same year, transplant the plug tray seedlings in the plug tray into flower pots.

[0011] Further improved solution: The rootstock variety is 'Zhejiang citron'.

[0012] Further improved solution: The rootstock branches are 1 - year - old branches with a diameter of 2.0 cm or more.

[0013] Further improved solution: The fingered citron branches are non - lignified green branches, and each fingered citron branch contains 5 - 10 bud points.

[0014] Further improved solution: The plug tray substrate is a mixture of peat and perlite, and the mass ratio of peat to perlite is 1:1.5.

[0015] Further improved solution: In step S5, transplant the plug seedlings into flower pots with a diameter of 30 cm.

[0016] Further improved solution: The variety of fingered citron is 'Qianzhi Baitai' fingered citron.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0018] By selecting 'Zhejiang citron' as the rootstock, grafting the scion of fingered citron onto the rootstock cutting of 'Zhejiang citron' by the bark grafting method and then performing cuttings, it only takes 30 months (two and a half years) from cutting to forming a commercial potted plant, which can shorten the cultivation period by 12 months compared with the traditional cultivation of potted plants by cutting the branches of seedling fingered citron.

[0019] The cultivation method of the present invention can also effectively reduce the occurrence of the phenomenon of 'dry fingers' in potted fingered citron, and effectively improve the commercial rate of potted fingered citron. Description of the drawings

[0020] Figure 1 It is a comparison diagram of the cultivation processes of cuttings and the cultivation method of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 It is a reference diagram for the grading of dry fingers of fingered citron fruits.

[0022] Figure 3 It is a comparison diagram of grafted seedlings of Zhejiang citron, grafted seedlings of Huyou and cuttings. Specific implementation manners

[0023] The following further explains the present invention in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0024] This embodiment provides a rapid cultivation method for fingered citron seedlings resistant to 'dry fingers', including the following steps:

[0025] S1. In March, before the fingered citron germinates, prune the rootstock and the fingered citron, and retain the rootstock branches and the fingered citron branches;

[0026] Among them, the rootstock branches are preferably one-year-old branches with a diameter of more than 2.0 cm.

[0027] Among them, the fingered citron branches are non-lignified green branches, and each fingered citron branch contains 5 - 10 bud points.

[0028] S2. Prune the rootstock branches into rootstock cuttings of 8 - 12 cm for standby;

[0029] Specifically, the length of the rootstock cuttings is preferably about 10 cm.

[0030] S3. Remove the scion from the fingered citron branch and graft it onto the rootstock cutting using the bark grafting method. A specific operation procedure of the bark grafting method is as follows: Make a longitudinal cut about 2.5 cm long on the cortex at the edge of the rootstock cutting, and slightly pry open the cortex on both sides with the tip of a knife. Select a semi-lignified scion cutting with a length of 3 - 4 cm and plump axillary buds, cut one side into a long inclined plane about 2 cm long, and the other side into a small inclined plane about 1 cm long. Forcefully insert the long inclined plane of the scion inward between the cortex and cambium of the pried-open rootstock cutting, so that the scion and the rootstock cutting are closely joined. It is generally appropriate to leave 2 - 3 buds on the scion. After the scion is inserted, wrap the wound tightly with a grafting film 40 cm long and 2.5 - 3 cm wide to prevent water evaporation and fix the scion.

[0031] S4. Insert the grafted rootstock cutting into the plug tray filled with the substrate.

[0032] Among them, the substrate in the plug tray is a mixture of peat and perlite, and the mass ratio of peat to perlite is 1:1.5.

[0033] S5. In September - October of the current year, transplant the plug seedlings in the plug tray into flower pots.

[0034] Among them, transplant the plug seedlings into flower pots with a diameter of 30 cm.

[0035] Among them, the rootstock variety is 'Zhejiang citron'. 'Zhejiang citron' is collected from Shangpatang Village, Chisong Town, Jindong District, Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province.

[0036] Among them, the fingered citron variety can be 'Qianzhi Baibai' fingered citron or other varieties of fingered citron.

[0037] The following further explains the difference in the time cycle of producing fingered citron potted plants by different propagation methods through experiments:

[0038] 1. Materials and methods

[0039] 1.1 Test site

[0040] The test site is in the flower and fruit base of Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

[0041] 1.2 Test varieties

[0042] Select 'Zhejiang citron' and pomelo seedlings as rootstocks, and select 'Qianzhi Baibai' fingered citron branches as scions.

[0043] 'Zhejiang citron' is obtained by collection from Shangpatang Village, Chisong Town, Jindong District, Jinhua City.

[0044] 'Qianzhi Baibai' is the main variety for the production of Jinhua fingered citron potted plants, and it is also a high-incidence variety of the "dry finger" phenomenon of fingered citron. 'Qianzhi Baibai' fingered citron is a local variety of Jinhua fingered citron, which is widely cultivated and is the seedlings purchased from farmers.

[0045] The seedlings of Citrus changshan-huyou are commonly used as rootstocks for local citrus varieties in Jinhua City.

[0046] 1.3 Test methods

[0047] Treatment 1: Directly use traditional cutting of fingered citron branches.

[0048] Treatment 2: In March, before the fingered citron germinates, prune the rootstock and the fingered citron to retain the rootstock branches and the fingered citron branches; the rootstock branches are 1-year-old branches with a diameter of more than 2.0 cm; the fingered citron branches are non-lignified green branches, and each fingered citron branch contains 5-10 bud points; prune the rootstock branches into rootstock cuttings about 10 cm long for standby; remove the scions from the fingered citron branches, and graft the scions onto the rootstock cuttings by the bark grafting method; insert the grafted rootstock cuttings into the plug trays filled with substrate; in September-October of the same year, transplant the plug seedlings in the plug trays into flower pots with a diameter of 30 cm.

[0049] 2. Results and analysis

[0050] The specific cultivation period and process are as Figure 1 shown.

[0051] The time period required for cultivating fingered citron potted plants by traditional cutting of fingered citron branches is 3.5 years.

[0052] Grafting the fingered citron scions onto the rootstock cuttings of 'Citrus jambhiri Lush.' by the bark grafting method and then conducting cutting, it only takes 2.5 years from cutting to forming commercial potted plants; it can shorten the cultivation period by 12 months compared with the traditional method.

[0053] The following further explains the differences in the resistance to 'dry fingers' of fingered citron seedlings using different propagation methods in combination with the experiment:

[0054] 1. Materials and methods

[0055] 1.1 Test site

[0056] The test site is at the flower, fruit and forest base of Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

[0057] 1.2 Test treatments

[0058] Treatment 1: 'Qianzhi Baitai' fingered citron seedlings (cutting).

[0059] Treatment 2: 'Qianzhi Baitai' fingered citron seedlings (grafted, with 'Citrus jambhiri Lush.' as the rootstock).

[0060] Treatment 3: 'Qianzhi Baitai' fingered citron seedlings (grafted, with Citrus changshan-huyou as the rootstock).

[0061] For all three treatments, the flower regulation treatment is carried out with paclobutrazol at the same concentration and frequency, and the number of flower buds is approximately the same.

[0062] 1.3 Experimental design

[0063] Three treatments were involved in the experiment, with four replicates. Each replicate had 200 pots. A 0.7 m isolation row was set between different treatments. No artificial inoculation was carried out in each plot, and the natural incidence was observed.

[0064] 1.4 Cultivation management

[0065] The cultivation methods and tillage management levels were the same in each plot during each growth stage. No fungicides were applied during the period.

[0066] 1.5 Incidence of "dry finger"

[0067] From the appearance of the "dry finger" phenomenon on the fruits of the fingered citron potted plants until no new "dry finger" phenomenon occurred, the incidence of "dry finger" was investigated once every 7 days. After the discovery of the central diseased plants, the investigation was carried out once every 3 days. Before the disease occurred, all plots were investigated. After the disease occurred, five points were sampled diagonally, and 10 plants (pots) were marked and investigated at each point to record the number of diseased plants and the severity of the diseased fruits of the diseased plants, and the disease incidence and disease index were calculated.

[0068] The disease grading refers to Figure 2 : Grade 0, the fruit is smooth without disease spots; Grade 1, 1%-10% of the fruit surface or fingertip has disease spots; Grade 3, 10%-30% of the fruit surface or fingertip has disease spots; Grade 5, 30%-50% of the fruit surface or fingertip has disease spots; Grade 7, 70%-90% of the fruit surface or fingertip has disease spots; Grade 9, completely dried up.

[0069] Disease incidence = number of diseased plants (pots) / total number of plants (pots);

[0070] Disease index = [∑(disease grade × corresponding number of diseased fruits) / (total number of fruits investigated) × 9] × 100.

[0071] 2. Results and analysis

[0072] As can be seen from Table 1, the disease incidences of the fingered citron seedlings of 'Qianzhi Baitai' propagated by grafting were only 3% (with Zhejiang citron as the rootstock) and 14% (with Huyou as the rootstock), significantly lower than 30% of the fingered citron seedlings of 'Qianzhi Baitai' propagated by cutting. At the same time, for the fingered citron potted plants propagated by grafting, the incidence of "dry finger" of those with Zhejiang citron as the rootstock was significantly lower than that of the fingered citron seedlings with Huyou as the rootstock.

[0073] Table 1: Incidence of "dry finger" of fingered citron seedlings with different propagation methods

[0074] Processing Incidence Thousands of Finger Postures (Cutting) 30％ Thousands of Finger Postures (Grafting, Rootstock is 'Zhejiang Citron') 3％ Thousands of Finger Postures (Grafting, Rootstock is Hu You) 14％

[0075] As can be seen from Table 2, compared with the production of 'Qianzhi Baitai' fingered citron potted plants by cuttage propagation, the initial onset period of 'Qianzhi Baitai' fingered citron potted plants produced by grafting propagation is later; the disease index of the fruits of 'Qianzhi Baitai' fingered citron potted plants with Zhejiang citron as the rootstock and with pomelo as the rootstock are 25.74% and 43.26% respectively, which are significantly lower than the disease index of 65.52% of the fruits of 'Qianzhi Baitai' fingered citron potted plants produced by cuttage propagation, indicating that the severity of 'dry finger' of the fruits of fingered citron produced by grafting propagation is much lighter than that of the fruits of fingered citron produced by cuttage propagation.

[0076] Table 2: Disease index of 'dry finger' of fingered citron fruits obtained from fingered citron seedlings by different propagation methods

[0077]

[0078] Thus, it can be seen that the fingered citron seedlings propagated by grafting can significantly reduce the occurrence of the 'dry finger' phenomenon of fingered citron fruits. Photos of the fruits obtained from the three types of fingered citron seedlings are as Figure 3 shown. At the same time, according to the test results, 'Zhejiang citron' is preferably selected as the rootstock for grafting production, and the effect of reducing the occurrence of the 'dry finger' phenomenon is more significant.

[0079] The present invention is not limited to the above optional embodiments, and anyone can obtain other various forms of products under the inspiration of the present invention. The above specific embodiments should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the claims, and the description can be used to interpret the claims.

Claims

1. A rapid cultivation method for fingered citron seedlings resistant to "dry fingers", characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. In March, before the Buddha's hand buds, prune the rootstock and the Buddha's hand, and retain the rootstock branches and the Buddha's hand branches; S2. Prune the rootstock branches into rootstock cuttings of 8-12 cm for standby; S3. Take the scion from the Buddha's hand branches and graft it onto the rootstock cuttings by the bark grafting method; S4. Insert the grafted rootstock cuttings into the plug trays filled with the substrate; S5. In September-October of the same year, transplant the plug seedlings in the plug trays into flower pots; The variety of the rootstock is 'Zhejiang citron'; 2. A rapid cultivation method of fingered citron seedlings resistant to "dry fingers" according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rootstock branches are 1-year-old branches with a diameter of more than 2.0 cm; 3. A rapid cultivation method of bergamot seedlings resistant to "dry fingers" according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Buddha's hand branches are non-lignified green branches, and each Buddha's hand branch contains 5-10 bud points; 4. A rapid cultivation method of fingered citron seedlings resistant to "dry fingers" according to claim 1, characterized in that The substrate of the plug tray is a mixture of peat and perlite, and the mass ratio of the peat to the perlite is 1:1.5; 5. A rapid cultivation method of fingered citron seedlings resistant to "dry fingers" according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, transplant the plug seedlings into flower pots with a diameter of 30 cm; 6. A rapid cultivation method of fingered citron seedlings resistant to "dry fingers" according to claim 1, characterized in that, The variety of the Buddha's hand is 'Thousand-fingered and various postures' Buddha's hand.

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