A low-temperature self-starting composting method for livestock and poultry manure

Abstract

The present invention provides a low-temperature self-starting composting method for livestock and poultry manure, comprising: A) pre-treating composting raw materials and auxiliary materials; B) mixing a portion of the pre-treated materials with a low-temperature bacterial agent, adjusting the C / N ratio, and fermenting to a high-temperature period to obtain a high-temperature period material; C) mixing another portion of the pre-treated materials with a low-temperature bacterial agent, adjusting the C / N ratio, and obtaining a subsequent fermentation material; D) taking out a portion of the high-temperature period material as a reflux material, mixing the reflux material with the subsequent fermentation material for aerobic composting, and obtaining a fermentation product. The refluxed fermentation material of the present invention contains a large number of active microorganisms, which can reduce the amount of exogenous bacterial agents added, save production costs, and improve composting efficiency. The recycling of high-temperature period materials not only plays a temperature driving role for the subsequent pile, but also promotes the subsequent pile to mature faster. The present invention solves the problem of difficulty in detonating compost under low-temperature conditions below 0°C. While ensuring the maturity of livestock and poultry manure compost, the compost maturity time is shortened.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of solid waste treatment, in particular to a low-temperature self-starting composting method for livestock and poultry manure. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of economy, the scale of animal husbandry is growing, and a large amount of livestock and poultry manure is inevitably accumulated, which has become one of the sources of environmental pollution. However, since livestock and poultry manure contains a large amount of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients, it is also a valuable resource. Aerobic composting is an important way to harmlessly treat livestock and poultry manure and utilize resources. It is a process in which microorganisms decompose organic matter to form stable humus. The resulting compost products can provide nutrients to improve soil fertility.

[0003] When the initial temperature of the composting raw materials is lower than 20°C, in addition to the heating, high temperature and cooling periods, the composting process also has to go through a stage from low temperature to 20°C, which is called the initiation stage. It is of great significance for the large-scale reproduction of microorganisms and the initiation of composting reactions. Because when the ambient temperature of the compost fermentation is too low, the activity of microorganisms is weakened, and the heat generated by their metabolic activities is quickly dissipated into the air, which will cause the composting process to slow down or even stop. Therefore, the rapid initiation of composting in a low temperature environment is a key step in determining whether the compost enters the high temperature period and achieves harmlessness. In order to ensure the normal operation of composting in cold and low-temperature areas, a series of insulation and heating measures are currently used, such as natural gas heating, solar heating and electric heating to increase the temperature of the composting reactor, but these methods are costly and complicated to operate, and it is difficult to achieve large-scale composting production.

[0004] Inoculation of microbial agents is considered to be an effective solution. Psychrophilic or cold-resistant microbial agents are inoculated into compost materials to ensure the normal metabolic activity of microorganisms in the compost. For example, the patent with application number CN202210628964.5 invented a composite microbial preparation suitable for rapid fermentation of livestock and poultry manure under low temperature conditions of 3-11°C, which solves the problem of poor fermentation effect and long-lasting odor of livestock and poultry manure in the prior art. However, when the temperature drops below 0°C, it is difficult to ensure normal fermentation. At present, there is still a lack of a fast and economical technology for self-starting pile fermentation in harsh environments of 0°C and below.

[0005] Therefore, it is very necessary to provide a self-starting composting method for livestock and poultry manure at 0°C or below. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of this, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a low-temperature self-starting composting method for livestock and poultry manure. The method provided by the present invention can solve the problem of normal initiation of livestock and poultry manure fermentation below 0°C in cold areas.

[0007] The present invention provides a low-temperature self-starting composting method for livestock and poultry manure, comprising:

[0008] A) pre-treating the compost raw materials and auxiliary materials to obtain pre-treated materials;

[0009] B) mixing a portion of the pretreated material with the low-temperature bacterial agent, adjusting the C / N ratio, and fermenting to a high-temperature period to obtain a high-temperature period material;

[0010] C) mixing the remaining pretreated material with the low-temperature bacterial agent, adjusting the C / N ratio, and obtaining subsequent fermentation material;

[0011] D) Part of the high temperature period material is used as reflux material, and the reflux material is mixed with subsequent fermentation material for aerobic composting to obtain the fermentation product.

[0012] Preferably, in step A), the composting raw material includes livestock and poultry manure; the auxiliary material includes one or more of straw, rice husk or corn cob; the auxiliary material is pulverized, and the pulverized particle size is 5 to 10 cm.

[0013] Preferably, in step B), the C / N ratio is 20-40.

[0014] Preferably, the moisture content of the composting material in step B) is 50% to 55%; the external temperature of the composting is above 0°C; the stacking volume of the composting cannot be less than 50m 3 .

[0015] Preferably, the low-temperature bacterial agent in step B) comprises 40-50% Weissella mesenteroides, 20-30% Pediococcus acidilactici, and 10-15% Lactobacillus acidophilus.

[0016] Preferably, the inoculation ratio of the low-temperature bacterial agent in step B) is 0.5-1%; the viable count of the low-temperature bacterial agent is not less than 1×10 9 Pieces / g.

[0017] Preferably, the temperature of the high temperature period in step B) is above 50°C, and the compost fermentation is maintained at the high temperature period for 5 to 7 days to obtain the high temperature period material;

[0018] At the same time, a layer of plastic film should be covered during the compost fermentation process.

[0019] Preferably, the external temperature in step C) is above -10°C; the frozen block portion in the material is less than 20%; the moisture content of the subsequent fermentation material is 50% to 55%, and the C / N ratio is 30 to 40.

[0020] Preferably, the reflux material mixed with the subsequent fermentation material in step D) refers to taking 20%-80% of the high temperature period material from the core and inoculating it into the subsequent fermentation material.

[0021] Preferably, the volume ratio of the mixed reflux material and the subsequent fermentation material in step D) is 1:3 to 1:5. This ratio can be adjusted according to the external temperature. When the external temperature is lower, the inoculation amount of the reflux material should be more.

[0022] During the material mixing and stacking process, the reflux material and the subsequent fermentation material can be stacked according to the recommended volume ratio; and a mechanical rapid mixing method is used to minimize the heat loss of the material during the high temperature period. The mechanical rapid mixing method of the present invention includes a forklift, a hook machine, etc.

[0023] Preferably, the specific method of turning the compost in the aerobic composting process in step D) is: turning the compost once after the temperature of the compost body rises to above 50°C for 5-7 days, and then turning the compost once after ensuring that the compost body maintains above 50°C for 7 days until the fermentation of the material is completed. Each time the compost is turned, a crane or a forklift should be used to quickly mix the feces and auxiliary materials to minimize the heat loss of the materials during the high temperature period.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a low-temperature self-starting composting method for livestock and poultry manure, comprising: A) pre-treating composting raw materials and auxiliary materials to obtain pre-treated materials; B) mixing part of the pre-treated materials with low-temperature bacterial agents, adjusting the C / N ratio, and fermenting to the high-temperature period to obtain high-temperature period materials; C) mixing the remaining part of the composting materials with low-temperature bacterial agents, adjusting the C / N ratio, and obtaining subsequent fermentation materials; D) using part of the high-temperature period materials as reflux materials, mixing the reflux materials with the subsequent fermentation materials for aerobic composting, and obtaining fermentation products. The reflux materials of the present invention contain a large number of active microorganisms, which can reduce the amount of exogenous bacterial agents added, save production costs, and improve composting efficiency. The recycling of high-temperature period materials not only plays a temperature driving role for the subsequent pile, but also promotes the subsequent pile to mature faster. The present invention solves the problem of difficulty in detonating compost under low-temperature conditions below 0°C. While ensuring the maturity of livestock and poultry manure compost, the compost maturity time is shortened. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of temperature change during composting process in Comparative Examples 1 and 2;

[0026] Figure 2 The graphs are the changes of seed germination rate (a) and C / N (b) of Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 along with the composting process;

[0027] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of temperature change during composting process in Examples 1 and 2;

[0028] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of temperature change during composting process in Examples 2 and 3;

[0029] Figure 5The graphs of seed germination rate changes in Comparative Example 3 and Example 3 along with the composting process;

[0030] Figure 6 The present invention provides a process flow diagram of the processing method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present invention provides a method for low-temperature self-starting composting of livestock and poultry manure. Those skilled in the art can refer to the content of this article and appropriately improve the process parameters to achieve it. It should be particularly pointed out that all similar replacements and modifications are obvious to those skilled in the art, and they all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. The method and application of the present invention have been described through preferred embodiments, and relevant personnel can obviously modify or appropriately change and combine the method and application of this article without departing from the content, spirit and scope of the present invention to implement and apply the technology of the present invention.

[0032] In this application, the term "and / or" describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there may be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. A and B can be singular or plural.

[0033] In this application, "at least one" means one or more, "more than one" means two or more. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items.

[0034] The present invention provides a low-temperature self-starting composting method for livestock and poultry manure, comprising:

[0035] A) pre-treating the compost raw materials and auxiliary materials to obtain pre-treated materials;

[0036] B) mixing part of the pretreated material with the low-temperature bacterial agent, adjusting the C / N ratio, and fermenting to a high-temperature period to obtain a high-temperature period material;

[0037] C) mixing the remaining pretreated material with the low-temperature bacterial agent, adjusting the C / N ratio, and obtaining subsequent fermentation material;

[0038] D) Part of the high temperature period material is used as reflux material, and the reflux material is mixed with subsequent fermentation material for aerobic composting to obtain the fermentation product.

[0039] The invention provides a low-temperature self-starting composting method for livestock and poultry manure. Firstly, composting raw materials and auxiliary materials are pretreated.

[0040] According to the present invention, the composting raw material includes livestock and poultry excrement. The present invention has no special limitation on the source and type of the livestock and poultry excrement, and any livestock and poultry excrement can be used.

[0041] The auxiliary material includes one or more of straw, rice husk or corn cob, preferably straw. The auxiliary material is crushed, and the crushed particle size is preferably 5-10 cm, more preferably 6-8 cm, and most preferably 8 cm.

[0042] The present invention first sorts and removes impurities from the compost raw materials (livestock and poultry excrement) and the crushing auxiliary materials (straw, rice husks, corn cobs, etc.), which is not limited to the present invention and is well known to those skilled in the art.

[0043] Take out a portion of the pretreated raw and auxiliary materials, moisten the auxiliary materials according to the water ratio, and then evenly mix the low-temperature bacteria agent with the raw and auxiliary materials. Adjust the C / N ratio, compost and ferment to the high-temperature stage to obtain the high-temperature stage material.

[0044] The external temperature of the compost fermentation is above 0°C.

[0045] According to the present invention, the low-temperature bacterial agent comprises 40-50% of Weissella mesenteroides, 20-30% of Pediococcus acidilactici and 10-15% of Lactobacillus acidophilus.

[0046] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the low-temperature bacterial agent includes 42-48% Weissella mesenteroides, 22-28% Pediococcus acidilactici, and 11-14% Lactobacillus acidophilus.

[0047] According to the present invention, the inoculation ratio of the low-temperature bacterial agent in step B) is preferably 0.5-1%; more preferably 0.5-0.9%; the viable count of the low-temperature bacterial agent is not less than 1×10 9 Pieces / g.

[0048] The present invention has no special restrictions on the method of spreading the low-temperature bacterial agent, and it can be evenly spread on the surface of the straw and livestock and poultry manure layer. The low-temperature bacterial agent is preferably in powder form. The low-temperature bacterial agent of the present invention can adapt to low-temperature cold weather, can decompose livestock and poultry manure and straw at low temperatures, and is more suitable for application in Northeast my country.

[0049] After mixing, a layer of plastic film is covered to allow the composting to proceed in advance. The present invention has no special limitation on the plastic film, and any conventional plastic film in the art can be used, and a plastic film with good light transmittance is further preferred.

[0050] The C / N ratio of the present invention is 20-40; more preferably 30-40; most preferably 30-35.

[0051] The moisture content of the present invention is 50-55%, and more preferably 50%.

[0052] After the material to be fermented is heated to the high temperature stage for 5-7 days, the inoculation reflux is performed. That is, the temperature in the high temperature stage is above 50°C, and the compost fermentation is maintained in the high temperature stage for 5-7 days to obtain the high temperature stage material.

[0053] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the stacking volume of the material composting fermentation during the high temperature period cannot be less than 50m 3 The stacking volume is 6 to 8 meters long, 3 to 4 meters wide and 2 to 3 meters high.

[0054] According to the present invention, in step C), the remaining part of the pretreated material is mixed with the low-temperature bacterial agent, and the C / N ratio is adjusted to obtain the subsequent fermentation material.

[0055] The mass ratio of the part of pretreated materials to the remaining part of pretreated materials is 1:3 to 1:5, more preferably 1:3 to 1:4.

[0056] The temperature of this step can be above -10°C, and the frozen block portion of the material cannot exceed 20%; the moisture content of the mixed material is adjusted to 50%-55%, more preferably 50%-53%, and most preferably 50%.

[0057] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, C / N is 30-40, more preferably 35-40, to prepare subsequent fermentation materials.

[0058] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the low-temperature bacterial agent includes 42-48% Weissella mesenteroides, 22-28% Pediococcus acidilactici, and 11-14% Lactobacillus acidophilus.

[0059] According to the present invention, the inoculation ratio of the low-temperature bacterial agent in step C) is preferably 0.5-1%; more preferably 0.6-1%; most preferably 1%. The viable count of the low-temperature bacterial agent is not less than 1×10 9 Pieces / g.

[0060] According to the present invention, in step D), 20%-80% is taken from the core of the high temperature period material to be used as reflux material and mixed with the subsequent fermentation material, more preferably 40%-70%.

[0061] According to the present invention, the volume ratio of the mixing of the reflux material and the subsequent fermentation material in step D) is 1:3 to 1:5; specifically, it can be 1:3, 1:4 or 1:5. The above ratio can be adjusted according to the external temperature. When the external temperature is lower, the mixing amount of the reflux material should be more. It can be further preferably 1:3 to 1:4, and more preferably 1:3. However, since it is necessary to ensure that sufficient heat source and sufficient carbon source are provided for subsequent composting, it is preferably not higher than 1:3.

[0062] During the material mixing and stacking process, the reflux material and the subsequent fermentation material can be stacked according to the recommended volume ratio; and a mechanical rapid mixing method is used to minimize the heat loss of the material during the high temperature period. The mechanical rapid mixing method of the present invention includes a forklift, a hook machine, etc., and the present invention is not limited to this.

[0063] The subsequent fermentation pile is mixed and covered with a layer of plastic film for aerobic composting to obtain a fermentation product. The present invention has no special limitation on the plastic film, which is used for heat preservation and gas escape prevention, and can be a conventional plastic film in the art, preferably a plastic film with good light transmittance.

[0064] The specific method of turning the compost in the aerobic composting process of the present invention is: turning the compost once after the temperature of the compost body rises to above 50°C for 5-7 days, and then turning the compost once after ensuring that the compost body maintains above 50°C for 7 days until the fermentation of the material is completed. Each time the compost is turned, a crane or a forklift should be used to quickly mix the feces and auxiliary materials to minimize the heat loss of the materials during the high temperature period.

[0065] The present invention provides a low-temperature self-starting composting method for livestock and poultry manure, comprising: A) pre-treating composting raw materials and auxiliary materials to obtain pre-treated materials; B) mixing part of the pre-treated materials with low-temperature bacterial agents, adjusting the C / N ratio, and fermenting to a high-temperature period to obtain high-temperature period materials; C) mixing the remaining part of the pre-treated materials with low-temperature bacterial agents, adjusting the C / N ratio, and obtaining subsequent fermentation materials; D) taking out a part of the high-temperature period materials as reflux materials, mixing the reflux materials with subsequent fermentation materials for aerobic composting, and obtaining fermentation products. The refluxed fermentation materials of the present invention contain a large number of active microorganisms, which can reduce the amount of exogenous bacterial agents added, save production costs, and improve composting efficiency. The recycling of high-temperature period materials not only plays a temperature driving role for subsequent piles, but also promotes the subsequent piles to mature faster. The present invention solves the problem of difficulty in detonating compost under low-temperature conditions below 0°C. While ensuring the maturity of livestock and poultry manure compost, the compost maturity time is shortened.

[0066] It should be understood that in the various embodiments of the present application, the size of the serial numbers of the above-mentioned processes does not mean the order of execution, some or all of the steps can be executed in parallel or sequentially, and the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.

[0067] The numerical ranges and parameters involved in the present invention have presented the relevant numerical values ​​in the specific embodiments as accurately as possible. However, any numerical value essentially inevitably contains standard deviations due to individual testing methods. Therefore, unless otherwise explicitly stated, it should be understood that all numerical ranges or specific data used in this disclosure may have certain reasonable deviations within a certain range, for example: within 1% or 0.5%.

[0068] Some cases are recorded in the embodiments and comparative examples of the present invention, wherein the embodiments show certain implementation modes of the present invention. However, this does not mean that the effects of the present invention can only be achieved in these cases.

[0069] In order to further illustrate the present invention, a low-temperature self-starting composting method for livestock and poultry manure provided by the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments.

[0070] Comparative Example 1:

[0071] A conventional livestock and poultry manure fermentation and composting method comprises the following steps:

[0072] On October 21, 2022, in Nong'an County, Jilin Province, the ambient temperature was about -2 to 10°C, and 50m 3 The cow dung and straw were sorted and removed, and then the straw was crushed into pieces <8cm. The straw was moistened at a moisture ratio of 55%, and the C / N of the material was adjusted to 30. A layer of PE plastic film was covered to keep warm and prevent gas from escaping. The temperature of the material remained below 20°C until 45 days later, and no fermentation product was obtained.

[0073] Comparative Example 2:

[0074] A method for fermenting and composting livestock and poultry manure under low-temperature bacterial agent enhancement comprises the following steps:

[0075] On October 21, 2022, in Nong'an County, Jilin Province, the ambient temperature was about -2 to 10°C, and 50m 3 The cow dung and straw are sorted and removed, and then the straw is crushed into pieces < 8 cm. The straw is moistened at a moisture ratio of 55%, and the number of live bacteria in the inoculant is not less than 1×10 9 The low-temperature bacteria agent of 0.5% is mixed evenly with cow dung and straw at an inoculation ratio of 0.5%, and the C / N of the material is adjusted to 30, and a layer of PE plastic film is covered to keep warm and prevent gas from escaping. After the material is heated to above 50℃ for 7 days, it is quickly turned over by a crane, and then turned over every 7 to 10 days, of which 55℃-70℃ is maintained for 14 days, and the fermented product is obtained after 45 days.

[0076] Comparison of temperature changes in the fermentation and composting of livestock and poultry manure in Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 Figure 1 As shown: Figure 1 Schematic diagram of temperature change during composting process in Comparative Examples 1 and 2. Figure 1 It can be concluded that compared with the model of inoculating low-temperature bacteria to enhance composting, the conventional composting model in Comparative Example 1 cannot heat up normally in low temperatures in winter, and composting fails. However, the method in Comparative Example 2 can promote the normal metabolism of microorganisms and decomposition of organic matter in the pile, so as to ensure that the pile body remains above 50°C for 14 days, and successfully obtain compost clinker after 45 days.

[0077] Embodiment 1:

[0078] A low-temperature self-starting composting method for livestock and poultry manure comprises the following steps:

[0079] On October 21, 2022, in Nong'an County, Jilin Province, the ambient temperature was about -2 to 10°C, and 50m 3 The cow dung and straw are sorted and removed, and then the straw is crushed into pieces < 8 cm. The straw is moistened at a moisture ratio of 55%, and the number of live bacteria in the inoculant is not less than 1×10 9 The low-temperature bacterial agent was inoculated at a ratio of 0.5% with 50m 3 Cow dung and straw are evenly mixed, and the C / N ratio of the materials is adjusted to 30. A layer of PE plastic film is covered to allow the materials to be composted and fermented in advance to form a high-temperature material pile. After the high-temperature material pile is heated to the high-temperature stage for 5 days, when the outside temperature is -5 to 8°C, prepare 120m 3 The cow dung straw has a moisture content of 50%, a C / N ratio of 30, and a live bacterial count of no less than 1×10 9 The low-temperature bacteria agent of 100 g / g was evenly mixed, and the inoculation ratio of the low-temperature bacteria agent was 0.5%, which was the subsequent fermentation material.

[0080] Take 30m of material from the core of the high temperature period 3 For the reflux material, the volume ratio of reflux material to subsequent fermentation material is 1:4, and the heat loss of the material during the high temperature period is minimized. At this time, the subsequent fermentation pile is 150m 3 After mixing evenly, cover with a layer of PE plastic film to keep warm and prevent gas from escaping. After the material temperature rises to above 50℃ for 7 days, use a hook machine to quickly turn the pile once, and then turn the pile once every 7 days for aerobic composting. On the 5th day, the temperature rises to above 20℃, and the aerobic bioconversion at 50℃-70℃ lasts for 18 days. The fermentation product is obtained after 45 days.

[0081] Comparison of seed germination rate and C / N ratio of two kinds of livestock and poultry manure fermentation composting in Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 Figure 2 As shown: Figure 2 Seed germination rate (a) and C / N (b) changes in Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 during composting. Figure 2 It can be concluded that compared with the inoculation of low-temperature bacteria agent to strengthen composting and the mode of using high-temperature period material reflux in comparative example 2, example 1 can make the pile enter the mature stage faster, and successfully obtain the compost clinker after 42 days. At the same time, according to the seed germination rate and C / N ratio measured in the measured samples, it is known that compared with comparative example 2, which reaches the harmless standard at the end of composting, example 1 reaches the harmless standard on the 30th day.

[0082] Embodiment 2:

[0083] A low-temperature self-starting composting method for livestock and poultry manure comprises the following steps:

[0084] On November 26, 2022, in Gongzhuling City, Jilin Province, the ambient temperature was about -3 to 5°C, and 80m 3 The cow dung and straw are sorted and removed, and then the straw is crushed into pieces <10cm. The straw is moistened at a moisture ratio of 50%, and the number of live bacteria in the inoculant is not less than 1×10 9 The low-temperature bacteria agent of 1% is mixed evenly with the material at an inoculation ratio of 1%, and the C / N of the material is adjusted to 30. A layer of plastic film is covered to allow it to be composted and fermented in advance to form a high-temperature material pile. After the fermented material is heated to the high-temperature period for 7 days, when the external temperature is -10 to -5°C, prepare 180m 3 The cow dung straw has a moisture content of 50%, a C / N ratio of 30, and a live bacterial count of no less than 1×10 9 The low-temperature bacteria agent of 1g / g was evenly mixed, and the inoculation ratio of the low-temperature bacteria agent was 1%, which was the subsequent fermentation material.

[0085] Take 60m of material from the core of the high temperature period 3 For the reflux material, the volume ratio of reflux material to subsequent fermentation material is 1:3, and the heat loss of the material during the high temperature period is minimized. At this time, the subsequent fermentation pile is 240m 3 After mixing evenly, cover with a layer of PE plastic film to keep warm and prevent gas from escaping. After the material temperature rises to above 50℃ for 7 days, use a hook machine to quickly turn the pile once, and then turn the pile every 7 days for aerobic bioconversion. On the 7th day, the temperature rises to above 20℃, of which 55℃-70℃ aerobic bioconversion lasts for 14 days, and the fermentation product is obtained after 42 days. Figure 3 Schematic diagram of temperature changes during composting process in implementation cases 1 and 2.

[0086] Although both Examples 1 and 2 are low-temperature bacterial agent-enhanced and material reflux livestock and poultry manure fermentation composting treatment modes, the reflux ratios of the two are different. Figure 3 It can be concluded that Example 2 with a higher reflux ratio enters the high temperature period faster, which indicates that under severe low temperature conditions, increasing the reflux rate is more conducive to the detonation of the pile temperature.

[0087] Embodiment 3:

[0088] A low-temperature self-starting composting method for livestock and poultry manure comprises the following steps:

[0089] On November 26, 2022, in Gongzhuling City, Jilin Province, the ambient temperature was about -3 to 5°C, and 80m 3The cow dung and straw are sorted and removed, and then the straw is crushed into pieces less than 10 cm. The straw is moistened at a moisture ratio of 50%, and the number of live bacteria in the inoculant is not less than 1×10 9 The low-temperature bacteria agent of 1% is mixed evenly with the material at an inoculation ratio of 1%, and the C / N of the material is adjusted to 35. A layer of PE plastic film is covered to allow it to be composted and fermented in advance to form a high-temperature material pile. After the fermented material is heated to the high-temperature period for 7 days, when the external temperature is -10 to -5°C, prepare 180m 3 The cow dung straw has a moisture content of 50%, a C / N ratio of 35, and a live bacterial count of no less than 1×10 9 The low-temperature bacteria agent of 1g / g was evenly mixed, and the inoculation ratio of the low-temperature bacteria agent was 1%, which was the subsequent fermentation material.

[0090] Take 60m of material from the core of the high temperature period 3 For the reflux material, the volume ratio of reflux material to subsequent fermentation material is 1:3, and the heat loss of the material during the high temperature period is minimized. At this time, the subsequent fermentation pile is 240m 3 After mixing evenly, cover with a layer of PE plastic film to keep warm and prevent gas from escaping. After the material temperature rises to above 50℃ for 7 days, use a hook machine to quickly turn the pile once, and then turn the pile every 7 days for aerobic bioconversion. On the 4th day, the temperature rises to above 20℃, of which 55℃-70℃ aerobic bioconversion lasts for 14 days, and the fermentation product is obtained after 45 days.

[0091] The temperature of the two livestock and poultry manure composting piles in Example 2 and Example 3 varies with time. Figure 4 As shown: Figure 4 Schematic diagram of temperature changes during composting process in implementation cases 2 and 3.

[0092] Although both Examples 2 and 3 are low-temperature bacterial agent-enhanced and material-returned livestock and poultry manure fermentation composting treatment modes, the C / N ratios of the two are different. Figure 4 It can be concluded that Example 3 with a higher C / N ratio enters the high temperature period faster, which indicates that under severe low temperature conditions, more carbon sources are more conducive to releasing heat and promoting pile detonation.

[0093] Comparative Example 3

[0094] A method for enhancing the fermentation and composting of livestock and poultry manure using low-temperature bacteria agents available on the market, comprising the following steps:

[0095] On November 26, 2022, in Songyuan City, Jilin Province, the ambient temperature was about -3 to 5°C, and 50m 3The cow dung and straw were sorted and removed, and then the straw was crushed into pieces less than 10 cm. The straw was moistened at a water ratio of 50%, and the EM composting compound microecological preparation purchased on the market was evenly mixed with the material at an inoculation ratio of 0.5%, and the C / N of the material was adjusted to 35. A layer of plastic film was covered for composting fermentation. During the entire composting fermentation period, the material temperature was up to 41.2°C, and the composting did not enter the high temperature period.

[0096] Figure 5 The comparison of seed germination rates of two livestock and poultry manure fermentation composting treatments in Example 3 and Comparative Example 3 is shown in the figure. Figure 5 It can be seen that in Comparative Example 3, the temperature of the pile dropped below 20°C until 45 days later, mainly because the fermentation temperature of the pile was not high enough, not reaching above 50°C, and it was difficult to remove pathogens and harmful substances in the sample. It was measured that the toxicity of the fermented sample in the pile was still high, and the seed germination rate was significantly lower than the bacterial agent and fermentation process described in the present invention.

[0097] Comparative Example 4

[0098] A low-temperature self-starting composting method for livestock and poultry manure comprises the following steps:

[0099] On November 20, 2022, in Songyuan City, Jilin Province, the ambient temperature was about -3 to 5°C, and 80m 3 The cow dung and straw are sorted and removed, and then the straw is crushed into pieces less than 10 cm. The straw is moistened at a moisture ratio of 50%, and the number of live bacteria in the inoculant is not less than 1×10 9 The low-temperature bacteria agent of 100 g is mixed evenly with the material at an inoculation ratio of 2%, and the C / N of the material is adjusted to 25. A layer of PE plastic film is covered to allow it to be composted and fermented in advance to form a high-temperature material pile. After the fermented material is heated to the high-temperature period for 7 days, the external temperature is -10 to -5°C. Prepare 180m 3 The cow dung straw is prepared with a moisture content of 50%, a C / N ratio of 25, and a live bacterial count of no less than 1×10 9 The low-temperature bacteria agent of 100 g / g was evenly mixed, and the inoculation ratio of the low-temperature bacteria agent was 2%. This was the subsequent fermentation material.

[0100] Take 60m of material from the core of the high temperature period 3 For the reflux material, the volume ratio of reflux material to subsequent fermentation material is 1:3, and the heat loss of the material during the high temperature period is minimized. At this time, the subsequent fermentation pile is 240m 3After mixing evenly, cover with a layer of PE plastic film to keep warm and prevent gas from escaping. After the material temperature rises to above 50℃ for 7 days, use a hook machine to quickly turn the pile once, and then turn the pile once every 7 days for aerobic bioconversion. On the 4th day, the temperature rises to above 20℃, of which 55℃-70℃ aerobic bioconversion lasts for 14 days, and the fermentation product is obtained after 42 days.

[0101] Table 1 Comparison of final fermentation effect and economic investment of two examples

[0102]

[0103] From Table 1 above, it can be concluded that since the viable bacteria count of the low-temperature bacterial agent of the present invention is not less than 1×10 9 / g, which has reached a relatively high number of live bacteria. Therefore, when the inoculation amount is 2%, although the fermentation cycle is shortened, the nutrient content in the obtained fermentation sample has not been significantly improved, and the input cost is increased. From the perspective of economic applicability, it is recommended that the inoculation ratio of microbial agents in compost materials be 0.5-1%.

[0104] Figure 6 The present invention provides a process flow diagram of the processing method.

[0105] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-temperature self-starting composting method for livestock and poultry manure, characterized in that: include: A) pre-treating the compost raw materials and auxiliary materials to obtain pre-treated materials; B) mixing a portion of the pretreated material with a low-temperature bacterial agent, adjusting the C / N ratio, and fermenting to a high-temperature period to obtain a high-temperature period material; the low-temperature bacterial agent comprises 40-50% of Weissella mesenteroides, 20-30% of Pediococcus acidilactici, and 10-15% of Lactobacillus acidophilus; the inoculation ratio of the low-temperature bacterial agent is 0.5-1%; and the number of viable bacteria of the low-temperature bacterial agent is not less than 1×10 9 pcs / g; C) The remaining pre-treated material is mixed with the low-temperature bacterial agent, and the C / N ratio is adjusted to obtain a subsequent fermentation material; the external temperature is above -10°C; the frozen block portion in the material is less than 20%; the moisture content of the subsequent fermentation material is 50%~55%, and the C / N ratio is 30~40; D) using part of the high temperature period material as reflux material, mixing the reflux material with subsequent fermentation material for aerobic composting, and obtaining a fermentation product; the volume ratio of the reflux material to the subsequent fermentation material is 1:3-1:

5.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Step A) The composting raw material includes livestock and poultry manure; the auxiliary material includes one or more of straw, rice husk or corn cob; the auxiliary material is pulverized, and the pulverized particle size is 5-10 cm.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Step B) The C / N ratio is 20-40.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Step B) The moisture content of the composting material is 50% to 55%; the external temperature of the composting is above 0°C; the stacking volume of the composting cannot be less than 50m 3 .

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Step B) the temperature in the high temperature period is above 50°C, and the compost is fermented to the high temperature period for 5 to 7 days to obtain a high temperature period material; At the same time, a layer of plastic film should be covered during the compost fermentation process.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Step D) The reflux material mixed with the subsequent fermentation material is specifically: 20%-80% of the high temperature period material is taken from the core and inoculated into the subsequent fermentation material.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Step D) The specific method of turning the pile in the aerobic composting process is: turning the pile once after the temperature of the pile body rises to above 50°C for 5-7 days, and then turning the pile 1-2 times after ensuring that the temperature of the pile body is maintained above 50°C for 7 days.

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