A dust control device and method for changing the wind flow direction in the tunnel

Abstract

The present invention provides a dust control device and method for changing the airflow direction of the tunneling headway, which relates to the field of underground dust removal in coal mines. The device includes: a dust removal fan with an exhaust air duct, a compression air duct, a compressed air duct and an intelligent air distribution device; when the comprehensive excavator is working, the intelligent air distribution device divides the airflow in the compressed air duct into radial airflow and axial airflow; the radial airflow reaches the top wall or side wall of the tunneling tunnel and forms two parts; one part flows to the front end of the tunneling tunnel, and forms a positive pressure air chamber at the front end of the dust removal fan and the intelligent air distribution device to block the formation of dust-containing circulating wind; the other part flows to the rear end of the tunneling tunnel to block the dust-containing vortex formed by the dust removal fan; the axial airflow forms a dust-containing vortex at the front end of the tunneling tunnel to control the dust on the tunneling face at the front end of the tunneling tunnel; the exhaust air duct of the dust removal fan is arranged on the comprehensive excavator to extract the dust on the tunneling face. The present invention can avoid the formation of circulating wind and improve the dust control efficiency of the tunneling working face.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of underground coal mine dust removal, and in particular to a dust control device and method for changing the airflow direction of a tunneling headway. Background Art

[0002] As a non-renewable resource, coal has always played an irreplaceable role in China's energy structure. With the improvement of the mechanization level of mines, the demand for energy continues to increase, and the output of underground mineral resources has also increased year by year. While producing a large amount of coal, the problem of mine dust pollution is becoming increasingly serious. According to statistics, coal mining faces, tunneling faces, bolt spraying support, and coal transshipment are the main dust-producing locations in coal mine production, of which the dust generated by the tunneling face accounts for about 35%. Due to the relatively small tunneling space, coal miners, especially tunneling machine drivers, are closest to the dust-producing locations of the tunneling face. If no dust removal measures are taken during the tunneling process, the dust concentration at the head can reach 3000mg / m 3 The hazards are mainly reflected in the following two aspects: On the one hand, coal dust can induce spontaneous combustion or explosion under certain conditions, and at the same time aggravate the wear of mechanical equipment and reduce the service life of machinery. On the other hand, workers are exposed to high-concentration dust pollution for a long time, and their lung tissue will gradually become fibrotic, which will cause occupational diseases among coal miners, especially pneumoconiosis, and cause significant economic losses and casualties. Therefore, coal dust control has become the focus of scholars in recent years.

[0003] Common dust reduction methods mainly include ventilation dust removal, coal seam water injection, spray dust reduction, chemical dust suppression, etc. Among them, the normal pressure short-extraction ventilation mode combined with the traditional intelligent air distribution device is one of the most effective methods. During operation, the local ventilation will produce circulating airflow due to the small air volume and other reasons, and the tail end of the dust removal fan will form a dust-containing return airflow, that is, dust-containing circulating wind. However, traditional intelligent air distribution devices rarely consider the problem of circulating air in the excavation tunnel, and do not realize dynamic air volume and wind direction adjustment. In addition, when the excavation operation is moving forward, loading and unloading is difficult, which consumes manpower and time. During use, it is easy to cause safety problems such as excessive gas concentration at the head.

[0004] Therefore, the existing dust control devices cannot meet the needs of continuous high-intensity excavation operations, and further improvement and research are urgently needed to achieve efficient dust control on the excavation working face. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a dust control device and method for changing the airflow direction of a tunnel facing the excavation, so as to solve the problem that the existing dust control device cannot meet the needs of continuous high-intensity excavation operations, resulting in low dust control efficiency on the excavation working face.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0007] A dust control device for changing the wind flow direction of a tunnel heading, comprising: a dust removal fan including an exhaust air cylinder, a compression air cylinder, a compressed air cylinder and an intelligent air distribution device;

[0008] The intelligent air distribution device is installed in the excavation tunnel, and the front end of the intelligent air distribution device is at a set distance from the front of the excavation tunnel; the rear end of the intelligent air distribution device is connected to the compression air cylinder, and the compression air cylinder is connected to the compressed air cylinder;

[0009] The intelligent air distribution device is used to divide the air flow in the compressed air duct into radial air flow and axial air flow when the multi-purpose excavator is working;

[0010] After the radial airflow reaches the top wall or the side wall of the tunnel, it is divided into a first radial airflow and a second radial airflow;

[0011] The first radial wind flow flows toward the front end of the tunneling tunnel, and is used to form a positive pressure air chamber at the front end of the dust removal fan and the intelligent air distribution device to prevent the formation of dust-laden circulating wind;

[0012] The second radial wind flow flows toward the rear end of the tunneling tunnel to block the dust-laden vortex formed by the dust removal fan;

[0013] The axial wind flow is used to form a dust-containing vortex at the front end of the tunneling tunnel to control the dust on the tunneling face at the front end of the tunneling tunnel; the exhaust duct of the dust removal fan is arranged on the multi-purpose excavator to extract the dust on the tunneling face.

[0014] Optionally, the intelligent air distribution device specifically includes: a radial structure, an axial structure, a self-contracting ring device and a contracting wind shield;

[0015] The axial structure and the radial structure are both annular structures; both end openings of the radial structure are connected to an axial structure; the axial structure connected to the compression air cylinder is the rear end axial structure, and the axial structure not connected to the compression air cylinder is the front end axial structure;

[0016] The self-contracting ring device is provided at the connection between the front axial structure and the radial structure, and is used to adjust the air volume at the axial air outlet of the front axial structure;

[0017] The radial structure is provided with a plurality of slits; each of the slits is provided with the retractable wind shield; the retractable wind shield is used to adjust the air volume at the radial air outlet of the radial structure.

[0018] Optionally, a wind speed sensor is provided at the axial air outlet of the front axial structure, and the wind speed sensor is used to detect the divided air volume in real time.

[0019] Optionally, the self-contracting ring device specifically comprises: a graded contraction ring, a locking device, a contraction rod and an elastic steel wire;

[0020] The graded shrinking ring includes multiple shrinking rings from the center outward; each shrinking ring is equally divided into multiple fan-shaped structures, and the fan-shaped structures are connected by the elastic steel wire;

[0021] The locking device is used to fix the periphery of the shrinkage ring at each pole;

[0022] The contraction rod is used to connect the contraction rings at various levels;

[0023] Each level of the contraction ring expands from the center to the periphery step by step, or contracts from the periphery to the center step by step, based on the wind distribution volume detected in real time by the wind speed sensor.

[0024] Optionally, a scroll structure is provided at the top of the slit, and guide rails are provided on both radial sides of the slit;

[0025] The retractable windshield sheet can be stored in the reel structure;

[0026] The retractable windshield matches the guide rail and can be raised or lowered along the guide rail.

[0027] Optionally, the axial structure is a flame retardant air cylinder having a diameter equal to that of the compressed air cylinder;

[0028] The inner diameter of the radial structure is equal to the diameter of the compressed air cylinder.

[0029] Optionally, the slits have different specifications; and the slits of different specifications are distributed alternately.

[0030] Optionally, the self-contracting circular ring device and the retractable windshield are both equipped with a wireless communication chip and a battery.

[0031] Optionally, it also includes: a central control system, a gas concentration sensor, a dust sensor and a temperature sensor arranged at the front;

[0032] The central control system exchanges information with the wireless communication chip, and is used to control the self-contracting ring device and the retractable windshield according to the data detected by the wind speed sensor, the gas concentration sensor, the dust sensor and the temperature sensor.

[0033] A dust control method for changing the wind flow direction of a tunneling headway, the dust control method using the above-mentioned dust control device for changing the wind flow direction of a tunneling headway, the dust control method comprising:

[0034] When the tunnel boring machine is working, the intelligent air distribution device is used to divide the air flow in the compressed air duct into radial air flow and axial air flow; after the radial air flow reaches the top wall or side wall of the tunnel boring tunnel, it is divided into a first radial air flow and a second radial air flow; the first radial air flow flows to the front end of the tunnel boring tunnel, and is used to form a positive pressure air chamber at the front end of the dust removal fan and the intelligent air distribution device to block the formation of dust-containing circulating wind; the second radial air flow flows to the rear end of the tunnel boring tunnel, and is used to block the dust-containing vortex formed by the dust removal fan; the axial air flow is used to form a dust-containing vortex at the front end of the tunnel boring tunnel, so as to control the dust on the tunnel boring face at the front end of the tunnel boring tunnel; the exhaust duct of the dust removal fan is provided on the tunnel boring machine, and is used to extract the dust from the tunnel boring face;

[0035] By detecting the gas concentration, temperature and dust at the head of the excavation tunnel, the self-contracting ring device and the contracting wind shield in the intelligent air distribution device are controlled to control the axial air volume and the radial air volume.

[0036] According to the specific embodiment provided by the present invention, the present invention discloses the following technical effects: the embodiment of the present invention uses an intelligent air distribution device to divide the air flow in the compressed air duct into radial air flow and axial air flow; when the radial air flow reaches the top wall or side wall of the tunneling tunnel, it is divided into a first radial air flow and a second radial air flow; the first radial air flow flows to the front end of the tunneling tunnel, and is used to form a positive pressure air chamber at the front end of the dust removal fan and the intelligent air distribution device to block the formation of dust-containing circulating wind; the second radial air flow flows to the rear end of the tunneling tunnel, and is used to block the dust-containing vortex formed by the dust removal fan; the axial air flow forms a dust-containing vortex at the front end of the tunneling tunnel to control the dust on the tunneling face at the front end of the tunneling tunnel; the exhaust air duct of the dust removal fan is arranged on the comprehensive excavation machine, and is used to extract the dust on the tunneling face. The present invention can avoid the formation of circulating wind and improve the dust control efficiency of the tunneling working face. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0038] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall arrangement of the dust control device for changing the airflow direction of the tunnel headway provided by the present invention in the tunneling tunnel;

[0039] Figure 2 The working principle diagram of the dust control device for changing the airflow direction of the tunnel headway provided by the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the intelligent air distribution device provided by the present invention;

[0041] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a retractable windshield provided by the present invention;

[0042] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a shrinking ring device provided by the present invention;

[0043] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the central structure of the self-contracting ring provided by the present invention;

[0044] Figure 7 A gas prevention and control flow chart of the dust control method for changing the airflow direction of the tunnel headway provided by the present invention;

[0045] Figure 8 A high temperature prevention and control flow chart of the dust control method for changing the airflow direction of the heading tunnel provided by the present invention.

[0046] Explanation of symbols:

[0047] 1-excavation tunnel; 2-multi-functional excavator; 3-intelligent air distribution device; 4-compressed air duct; 41-compression duct; 5-local ventilator; 6-dust removal fan; 7-exhaust duct; 8-central control device; 9-gas concentration sensor; 10-dust concentration sensor; 11-temperature sensor; 12-wind speed sensor; 13-self-contracting ring device; 14-contracting wind shield; 301-axial structure; 302-radial structure; 304-radial air outlet; 305-axial air outlet; 131-graded contraction ring; 132-locking device; 133-contraction rod; 134-elastic steel wire; 141-external battery; 142-reel structure; 143-inspection hole; 144-serrated guide rail. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a dust control device and method for changing the wind flow direction of a tunnel headway, which can avoid the formation of circulating wind and improve the dust control efficiency of the tunneling working face.

[0050] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0051] Embodiment 1

[0052] The present invention provides a dust control device for changing the airflow direction of a tunnel heading, comprising: a dust removal fan including an exhaust air cylinder, a compression air cylinder, a compressed air cylinder and an intelligent air distribution device; the intelligent air distribution device is installed in the tunnel heading, and the front end of the intelligent air distribution device is at a set distance from the heading in the tunnel heading; the rear end of the intelligent air distribution device is connected to the compression air cylinder, and the compression air cylinder is connected to the compressed air cylinder; the intelligent air distribution device is used to divide the airflow in the compressed air cylinder into radial airflow and axial airflow when the comprehensive excavator is working; the radial airflow reaches the top wall or the top wall of the tunnel heading. After the side wall, it is divided into a first radial airflow and a second radial airflow; the first radial airflow flows to the front end of the tunneling tunnel, and is used to form a positive pressure air chamber at the front end of the dust removal fan and the intelligent air distribution device to block the formation of dust-containing circulating wind; the second radial airflow flows to the rear end of the tunneling tunnel, and is used to block the dust-containing vortex formed by the dust removal fan; the axial airflow is used to form a dust-containing vortex at the front end of the tunneling tunnel, so as to control the dust on the tunneling face at the front end of the tunneling tunnel; the exhaust duct of the dust removal fan is arranged on the multi-purpose excavator, and is used to extract dust from the tunneling face.

[0053] The axial wind flow is a weak axial wind flow. When the weak axial wind flow blows to the excavation face, it is blocked and carries dust back to form a vortex at the front end of the tunnel.

[0054] In actual application, the intelligent air distribution device is installed in the excavation tunnel 20m away from the head.

[0055] In practical applications, the intelligent air distribution device specifically includes: a radial structure, an axial structure, a self-contracting ring device and a contraction wind shield; the axial structure and the radial structure are both ring-shaped structures; the two end openings of the radial structure are connected to an axial structure; the axial structure connected to the compression air cylinder is the rear end axial structure, and the axial structure not connected to the compression air cylinder is the front end axial structure; the self-contracting ring device is arranged at the connection between the front end axial structure and the radial structure, and is used to adjust the air volume at the axial air outlet of the front end axial structure; the radial structure is provided with a plurality of slits; each of the slits is provided with the contraction wind shield; the contraction wind shield is used to adjust the air volume at the radial air outlet of the radial structure.

[0056] The length of the intelligent air distribution device is about 1.5 to 2 meters. The radial structure is located in the middle of the entire intelligent air distribution device. The cross-section of the radial structure is a circular structure with an inner diameter equal to the diameter of the compressed air cylinder and an outer diameter 20 mm larger than the inner diameter. The length is about 0.5 to 1 meter.

[0057] In practical applications, the compressed air duct is the air duct connected to the local ventilation fan. The diameter of the compression duct is equal to the diameter of the compressed air duct. It is a part of the compressed air duct. It is short and easy to disassemble. It can be stretched or compressed as needed.

[0058] The slits on the radial structure run through from the inner diameter to the outer diameter, and each slit opening on the inner diameter is provided with a shrinkable windshield with an area corresponding to the slit on the outer diameter.

[0059] The radial structure is connected on both sides by slots, and the radial outlet is mainly composed of two different sizes of slits, and the central angle of the fan-shaped circle where the slits are located is about 120°. The width of each slit is 50mm, and the spacing is 80mm.

[0060] In practical applications, a wind speed sensor is provided at the axial air outlet of the front axial structure, and the wind speed sensor is used to detect the air volume of the divided air in real time.

[0061] In actual application, the radial structure is connected to the rear axial structure, and a self-contracting guide ring with a diameter equal to the diameter of the wind tube is installed. This structure determines the air volume of the divided air in real time according to the wind speed sensor at the outer end. It can gradually expand from the center to the periphery, or shrink from the periphery to the center, increasing or decreasing the area of ​​the axial air outlet.

[0062] In actual application, the self-contracting ring device specifically includes: a graded contraction ring, a locking device, a contraction rod and an elastic steel wire; the graded contraction ring includes multiple levels of contraction rings from the center of the circle to the outside; each level of the contraction ring is equally divided into multiple fan-shaped structures, and the fan-shaped structures are connected by the elastic steel wire; the locking device is used to fix the periphery of the contraction rings at each pole; the contraction rod is used to connect the contraction rings at each level; each level of the contraction ring expands from the center of the circle to the periphery step by step, or contracts from the periphery to the center of the circle step by step based on the wind distribution volume detected in real time by the wind speed sensor.

[0063] In actual application, a scroll structure is provided at the top of the slit, and guide rails are provided on both radial sides of the slit; the retractable windshield can be stored in the scroll structure; the retractable windshield matches the guide rail and can rise or fall along the guide rail.

[0064] In practical applications, the axial structure is a flame-retardant air cylinder having a diameter equal to that of the compressed air cylinder; and the inner diameter of the radial structure is equal to the diameter of the compressed air cylinder.

[0065] In practical applications, the slits have different specifications; slits of different specifications are distributed alternately.

[0066] In practical applications, the self-contracting circular ring device and the retractable windshield are both equipped with a wireless communication chip and a battery.

[0067] In practical applications, the present invention also includes: a central control system, a gas concentration sensor, a dust sensor and a temperature sensor arranged at the head; the central control system interacts with the wireless communication chip to control the self-contracting ring device and the retractable wind shield according to the data detected by the wind speed sensor, the gas concentration sensor, the dust sensor and the temperature sensor.

[0068] In actual application, each slit wind shield and self-contracting guide ring contains a wireless communication chip and an external battery, which is controlled by the central control system on the external shell. The central control system is mainly composed of batteries and PLC microprocessors. By receiving data from various sensors, the PLC program controls the internal devices under the mine 5G / WIFI signal to complete the dynamic adjustment of radial air volume.

[0069] The central control system has automatic and manual buttons inside to adjust the working mode of the intelligent air distribution device. After switching to manual mode, the other two buttons can be used to control the slit wind shield and the self-contracting ring device. Each button is provided with a transparent shell to prevent accidental touch.

[0070] The present invention mainly utilizes an intelligent air distribution device to achieve effective diversion of high-speed airflow, wherein the radial airflow can form a continuous and stable wind curtain at the front end of the tunnel, and the axial airflow carries a large amount of dust to form a dusty airflow when it reaches the head. The wind curtain formed at this time can control the dusty airflow at the front end of the tunnel, and it is extracted by the exhaust duct under the action of negative pressure. At the same time, a gas concentration sensor is used to detect the gas concentration at the front end of the tunnel in real time, and a temperature sensor is used to monitor the temperature of the excavation tunnel to adjust the radial air volume of the air distribution device in real time. The dust control method for changing the direction of the tunnel airflow provided by the present invention can effectively control the dust diffusion on the excavation surface and reduce the circulating wind. It has good economy, wide application range and good application prospects. It can greatly reduce the harm caused by high temperature and high gas, and at the same time conforms to the concept of green development and mining in the mining industry.

[0071] Embodiment 2

[0072] like Figure 1-Figure 2As shown, the present invention provides a dust control device for changing the wind flow direction of the headway of the excavation, comprising an excavation tunnel 1, a comprehensive excavation machine 2, an intelligent sensing intelligent air distribution device 3, a compressed air duct 4 and a compression duct 41, a local ventilator 5, a dust removal fan 6, an exhaust duct 7, a gas concentration sensor 9, a dust concentration sensor 10, a temperature sensor 11 and a wind speed sensor 12. A gas concentration sensor 9, a dust concentration sensor 10 and a temperature sensor 11 are respectively installed on the side close to the head return air. At the same time, a dust concentration sensor 10 is installed on the excavation machine near the driver (7m). The wind speed sensor 12 is respectively installed at the front end of the intelligent air distribution device and the dust removal fan. Each sensor is controlled by the central control system 8, and the detection data can be transmitted to the server through the mine network in real time for subsequent processing. The exhaust duct 7 is installed above the excavation tunnel 1 on the return air side, and the dust removal fan 6 is connected to the end of the exhaust duct 7. The intelligent air distribution device 3 is installed in the excavation tunnel at a distance of 20m from the front, and the rear end is connected to the compression air duct 41 and the compressed air duct 4.

[0073] In this embodiment, if Figure 2 As shown. When the long pressure and short extraction and intelligent air distribution device 3 are working, the intelligent air distribution device 3 can divide the fresh air flow in the compressed air cylinder 4 into radial air flow and weak axial air flow. When the weak axial air flow blows to the excavation face, it is blocked by the wall surface, and the dust carried by the head is refluxed, forming a small vortex at the front end of the tunnel. After the radial air flow reaches the top wall or the side wall, it is mainly divided into two parts. One part flows to the front end of the tunnel, forming a wind curtain, so that the high-concentration dust is concentrated at the front end of the tunnel, and is finally extracted by the dust removal fan 6; one part flows to the rear end of the tunnel, forming a positive pressure air chamber with a range of about 10m in the middle part. Because the local ventilator 5 will form circulating wind under certain conditions, and part of the air flow will carry dust back to the front end of the tunnel when the dust removal fan is working. The minimum allowable wind speed in the coal and semi-coal rock tunnels during excavation is 0.25m / s, that is, the wind speed of this circulating wind is greater than 0.25m / s, so the radial wind speed generated by the diversion device needs to be greater than 0.25m / s. According to Q = 60 × A × V, the air volume in the tunnel that meets the minimum wind speed can be obtained, and thus the approximate range of the radial air volume of the intelligent air distribution device 3 can be obtained. Meeting this basis can reduce the formation of circulating air of the local ventilator 5 and dust-containing backflow at the tail end of the dust removal fan, reduce the respirable dust concentration at the excavation driver, and ensure the safe operation of the excavation driver.

[0074] Furthermore, if Figure 3As shown, the intelligent air distribution device 3 is mainly composed of an external flame-retardant thickened material, a radial air outlet 304 containing a retractable wind shield 14, an internal self-retracting guide ring 13, an axial air outlet 305 and a wind speed sensor 12. The flame-retardant material is mainly a cloth tube or other hard shell material with a relatively light weight. The overall length of the device is about 1.5 to 2m, and the external structure of the intelligent air distribution device 3 is mainly divided into two parts, namely the radial structure 302 and the axial structure 301. The axial structure 301 is two sections of flame-retardant air cylinders with the same diameter as the compressed air cylinder 4. The radial structure 302 is located in the middle of the intelligent air distribution device 3. Its cross-section is a circular ring structure with an inner diameter equal to the diameter of the compressed air cylinder 4 and an outer diameter greater than the inner diameter of 20mm. The length is about 0.5 to 1m. Both ends of the front axial structure are connected to the compression air cylinder 41 and the middle radial structure by bolts, and one end of the rear axial structure is connected to the middle radial structure by bolts.

[0075] Furthermore, the radial structure is provided with slits as radial air outlets 304, mainly two slits of different sizes are alternately distributed, each slit is 50 mm wide, and the lengths are π×R / 3 and π×R / 5, respectively, with a spacing of 80 mm. The fan-shaped central angle of the area occupied by the slits is 0 to 120° of the outer diameter, and the number and arrangement of each slit can be calculated according to the diameter of the wind tube.

[0076] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the radial air outlet 304 on the radial structure 302 runs from the inner diameter to the outer diameter, and the thickness is about 20 mm. This can prevent the radial airflow from flowing toward the head-on direction along the wall of the wind tube when the wall thickness of the wind tube is too thin, thereby failing to form a complete and effective positive pressure air chamber and wind curtain. This structure increases the stability of the wind curtain. Each slit on the inner diameter is provided with a retractable windshield 14 with an area corresponding to the outer diameter slit. In the initial state, each windshield 14 is at the uppermost end of the slit 304. The retractable windshield 14 can slide to a suitable position through the serrated guide rails 144 on both sides. The retractable windshield 14 can be stored in the reel structure 142, and the reel structure 142 is provided with an inspection hole 143. The retractable windshield 14 is controlled as a whole by the central control system 8, and is equipped with a wireless communication chip and an external battery 141. During the process of sliding down or retracting upward, the area of ​​the radial air outlet decreases or increases, and the angle of the radial air outlet can be changed at the same time. The maximum working efficiency of the intelligent air distribution device 3 can reach 80-90%.

[0077] like Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, the radial structure 302 is connected to the rear end axial structure 301, and a self-contracting guide ring 13 with a diameter equal to the diameter of the wind tube is installed. The periphery is fixed by a locking device 132, and a wireless communication chip and an external battery are installed. Starting from the center of the circle, it is divided into six levels of rings. The rings 131 of each level are connected by a contraction rod 133. Each ring can be divided into three equal parts. The center is connected with an elastic steel wire 134, which can be smoothly expanded to the next level of rings. This structure determines the air volume of the divided air in real time according to the wind speed sensor 12 at the outer end, and is controlled by the central control system 8. It can gradually expand from the center of the circle to the periphery, or shrink from the periphery to the center of the circle, increase or decrease the area of ​​the axial air outlet 304, and control the air volume of the axial outlet.

[0078] Furthermore, the central control system 8 is installed on the housing of the intelligent air distribution device 3, and is mainly composed of a battery, a PLC microprocessor, and a simple display screen. It can receive data from various sensors in the tunnel in real time, and control the retractable wind shield 14 and the retractable ring device 13 inside the intelligent air distribution device 3 under the mine 5G / WIFI signal through the PLC program, so as to complete the dynamic intelligent adjustment of the radial air volume and the axial air volume according to actual needs.

[0079] Furthermore, the central control system 8 has automatic and manual buttons inside, which can adjust the working mode of the intelligent air distribution device 3. After switching to the manual mode, the other two buttons can be used to control the retraction of the windshield 14 and the retraction of the ring device 13. Each button is provided with a transparent shell to prevent accidental touch.

[0080] Embodiment 3

[0081] The present invention also provides a dust control method for changing the wind flow direction of a tunneling headway, the dust control method uses the above-mentioned dust control device for changing the wind flow direction of a tunneling headway, and the dust control method comprises:

[0082] When the tunnel boring machine is working, the intelligent air distribution device is used to divide the air flow in the compressed air duct into radial air flow and axial air flow; after the radial air flow reaches the top wall or side wall of the tunnel boring tunnel, it is divided into a first radial air flow and a second radial air flow; the first radial air flow flows to the front end of the tunnel boring tunnel, and is used to form a positive pressure air chamber at the front end of the dust removal fan and the intelligent air distribution device to block the formation of dust-containing circulating wind; the second radial air flow flows to the rear end of the tunnel boring tunnel, and is used to block the dust-containing vortex formed by the dust removal fan; the axial air flow is used to form a dust-containing vortex at the front end of the tunnel boring tunnel, so as to control the dust on the tunnel boring face at the front end of the tunnel boring tunnel; the exhaust duct of the dust removal fan is provided on the tunnel boring machine, and is used to extract dust from the tunnel boring face.

[0083] By detecting the gas concentration, temperature and dust at the head of the excavation tunnel, the self-contracting ring device and the contracting wind shield in the intelligent air distribution device are controlled to control the axial air volume and the radial air volume.

[0084] Embodiment 4

[0085] Based on the dust control device provided in any one of the first and second embodiments and the dust control method provided in the third embodiment, the present invention further provides a method for preventing and controlling gas in a tunneling tunnel, such as Figure 7 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0086] The gas concentration sensor 9 at the head can monitor the gas concentration in real time and transmit it to the central control system 8 through the mine network. When the gas concentration is close to 1%, the wind shield 14 of the radial air outlet 304 is controlled by PLC to descend, reducing the area of ​​the radial air outlet 304. At the same time, the self-contracting ring 13 expands to increase the axial air volume, so that a large amount of fresh air can be blown to the head to dilute the gas concentration until the gas concentration at the head is reduced and returns to the initial diversion state.

[0087] When the gas concentration reaches 1.5%, all wind shields 14 are closed through PLC control to reduce head-on gas accumulation under normal pressure short-draw ventilation conditions.

[0088] Embodiment 5

[0089] Based on the dust control device provided in any one of the first and second embodiments and the dust control method in the third embodiment, the present invention further provides a method for preventing and controlling high temperature in an excavation tunnel, such as Figure 8 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0090] The temperature sensor 11 at the head can monitor the temperature of the tunnel in real time and transmit it to the central control system 8 through the mine network. When the tunnel temperature is close to 26°C, the wind shield of the radial air outlet 304 is controlled by PLC to drop, reducing the area of ​​the radial air outlet 304. At the same time, the self-contracting ring 13 expands to increase the axial air volume, so that a large amount of fresh air can be blown to the head, reducing the head temperature, until the temperature at the head is reduced and returns to the initial diversion state.

[0091] When the tunnel temperature reaches 30°C, all wind shields 14 are closed through PLC control to reduce the tunnel temperature under normal pressure short-term ventilation.

[0092] From the above description, it can be seen that the above embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects:

[0093] The intelligent air distribution device 3 can divide the fresh air flow in the compressed air cylinder into radial air flow and weak axial air flow. Part of the radial air flow flows to the front end of the tunnel to form a wind curtain, so that the high-concentration dust is concentrated at the front end of the tunnel and is finally extracted by the dust removal fan, thereby achieving effective control of high-concentration dust on the excavation face; part of the radial air flow flows to the rear end of the tunnel, reducing the formation of dust-containing backflow and circulating air, reducing the respiratory dust concentration at the excavation driver, and ensuring the safe operation of the excavation driver.

[0094] The radial air outlet with a certain wall thickness is used to prevent the radial diversion from flowing along the wall of the wind tube to the head-on direction, thus ensuring the reliability and stability of the air curtain formation.

[0095] The central control system 8 can receive data from various sensors in the tunnel in real time, and control the retractable wind shield and retractable ring device inside the intelligent air distribution device through PLC to achieve dynamic adjustment of radial and axial air volumes. Manual operation is possible, which helps to realize the intelligentization and diversified operation of tunnel equipment.

[0096] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0097] The principles and implementation methods of the present invention are described in this article using specific examples. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core idea of ​​the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of ​​the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A dust control device for changing the wind flow direction in the tunnel, characterized in that: include: Dust removal fan including exhaust fan, compression fan, compressed air fan and intelligent air distribution device; The intelligent air distribution device is installed in the excavation tunnel, and the front end of the intelligent air distribution device is at a set distance from the front of the excavation tunnel; the rear end of the intelligent air distribution device is connected to the compression air cylinder, and the compression air cylinder is connected to the compressed air cylinder; The intelligent air distribution device specifically includes: a radial structure, an axial structure, a self-contracting ring device and a contracting wind shield; The axial structure and the radial structure are both annular structures; both end openings of the radial structure are connected to an axial structure; the axial structure connected to the compression air cylinder is the rear end axial structure, and the axial structure not connected to the compression air cylinder is the front end axial structure; The self-contracting ring device is provided at the connection between the front axial structure and the radial structure, and is used to adjust the air volume at the axial air outlet of the front axial structure; The radial structure is provided with a plurality of slits; each of the slits is provided with the retractable wind shield; the retractable wind shield is used to adjust the air volume at the radial air outlet of the radial structure; The intelligent air distribution device is used to divide the air flow in the compressed air duct into radial air flow and axial air flow when the multi-purpose excavator is working; After the radial airflow reaches the top wall or the side wall of the tunnel, it is divided into a first radial airflow and a second radial airflow; The first radial airflow flows toward the front end of the tunneling tunnel and is used to form a positive pressure air chamber at the front end of the dust removal fan and the intelligent air distribution device to prevent the formation of dust-laden circulating air; The second radial wind flow flows toward the rear end of the tunneling tunnel to block the dust-laden vortex formed by the dust removal fan; The axial wind flow is used to form a dust-containing vortex at the front end of the tunneling tunnel to control the dust on the tunneling face at the front end of the tunneling tunnel; the exhaust duct of the dust removal fan is arranged on the multi-purpose excavator to extract the dust on the tunneling face.

2. The dust control device for changing the wind flow direction in the tunneling headway according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A wind speed sensor is provided at the axial air outlet of the front axial structure, and the wind speed sensor is used to detect the air volume of the divided air in real time.

3. The dust control device for changing the wind flow direction in the tunneling headway according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The self-contracting ring device specifically comprises: a graded contraction ring, a locking device, a contraction rod and an elastic steel wire; The graded shrinking ring includes multiple shrinking rings from the center outward; each shrinking ring is equally divided into multiple fan-shaped structures, and the fan-shaped structures are connected by the elastic steel wire; The locking device is used to fix the periphery of the shrinkage ring at each pole; The contraction rod is used to connect the contraction rings at various levels; Each level of the contraction ring expands from the center to the periphery step by step, or contracts from the periphery to the center step by step, based on the wind distribution volume detected in real time by the wind speed sensor.

4. The dust control device for changing the wind flow direction in the tunneling headway according to claim 2 is characterized in that: A reel structure is provided at the top of the slit, and guide rails are provided on both radial sides of the slit; The retractable windshield sheet can be stored in the reel structure; The retractable windshield matches the guide rail and can be raised or lowered along the guide rail.

5. The dust control device for changing the wind flow direction in the tunneling headway according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The axial structure is a flame retardant air cylinder having a diameter equal to that of the compressed air cylinder; The inner diameter of the radial structure is equal to the diameter of the compressed air cylinder.

6. The dust control device for changing the wind flow direction in the tunneling headway according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The slits have different specifications; the slits of different specifications are distributed alternately.

7. The dust control device for changing the wind flow direction in the tunneling headway according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The self-contracting circular ring device and the contracting windshield are both ring-mounted with a wireless communication chip and a battery.

8. The dust control device for changing the wind flow direction in the tunneling headway according to claim 7 is characterized in that: Also includes: A central control system, a gas concentration sensor, a dust sensor and a temperature sensor arranged at the front; The central control system exchanges information with the wireless communication chip, and is used to control the self-contracting ring device and the retractable windshield according to the data detected by the wind speed sensor, the gas concentration sensor, the dust sensor and the temperature sensor.

9. A dust control method for changing the wind flow direction in the tunnel, characterized in that: The dust control method uses the dust control device for changing the airflow direction of the tunneling headway according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and the dust control method comprises: When the tunnel boring machine is working, the intelligent air distribution device is used to divide the air flow in the compressed air duct into radial air flow and axial air flow; after the radial air flow reaches the top wall or side wall of the tunnel boring tunnel, it is divided into a first radial air flow and a second radial air flow; the first radial air flow flows to the front end of the tunnel boring tunnel, and is used to form a positive pressure air chamber at the front end of the dust removal fan and the intelligent air distribution device to prevent the formation of dust-containing circulating wind; the second radial air flow flows to the rear end of the tunnel boring tunnel, and is used to prevent the dust removal fan from forming a dust-containing vortex; the axial air flow is used to form a dust-containing vortex at the front end of the tunnel boring tunnel, so as to control the dust on the tunnel boring face at the front end of the tunnel boring tunnel; the exhaust duct of the dust removal fan is provided on the tunnel boring machine, and is used to extract dust from the tunnel boring face; By detecting the gas concentration, temperature and dust at the head of the excavation tunnel, the self-contracting ring device and the contracting wind shield in the intelligent air distribution device are controlled to control the axial air volume and the radial air volume.

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