A method for cultivating Pinus armandii seedlings in a container for 100 days in the rainy season

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for cultivating Armand pine seedlings in a container during the rainy season, lasting 100 days. The method is located in the subtropical humid monsoon climate zone of southern Sichuan Province, at an altitude of 2,000 to 2,800 meters. The method includes preparing a seedbed, preparing a light substrate, filling the container, germinating the seeds, sowing, and managing the seedlings during the seedling stage. The method utilizes concentrated summer rainfall to support the growth of Armand pine seedlings. The seedling cultivation period is shortened to 90 to 100 days, allowing for the cultivation of high-quality Armand pine seedlings locally within the afforestation site. This method addresses the problem of low afforestation survival rates.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of seedling cultivation, and in particular to a method for cultivating Pinus armandii seedlings in a container for 100 days in the rainy season. Background Art

[0002] Armand pine, also known as fruit pine, green pine, five-leaf pine, white pine, five-bearded pine, horse bag pine, and gourd pine, is an evergreen tree in the Pinaceae family. It boasts a tall, upright form, gray-green bark, five-needle leaves in bundles, an elegant crown, a unique posture, and rapid growth. It is a dual-purpose fruit and timber species suitable for high-altitude and mid-mountain afforestation. Currently, there are few reports on Armand pine seedling cultivation techniques, and the seedling raising stage is extremely critical. Failure to carefully cultivate can directly affect subsequent survival and growth, leading to seedling failure. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art and provide a method for cultivating Pinus armandii seedlings in a container for 100 days in the rainy season.

[0004] The present invention solves the technical problem by adopting the following technical solutions.

[0005] The present invention provides a method for cultivating Pinus armandii seedlings in a container for 100 days in the rainy season. The cultivation location is a subtropical humid monsoon climate zone in southern Sichuan Province at an altitude of 2000-2800 meters. The cultivation method includes: preparing a seedbed, preparing a light substrate, filling a container, germinating seeds, sowing and managing the seedlings.

[0006] The present invention also provides an application of the hundred-day container seedlings of Pinus armandii cultivated in the rainy season by using the cultivation method in improving the survival rate of Pinus armandii afforestation.

[0007] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0008] The present invention provides a method for cultivating 100-day container seedlings of Armand pine in the rainy season. During the cultivation process of the 100-day container seedlings of Armand pine in the rainy season, the local concentrated summer rainfall is mainly utilized to cultivate high-quality Armand pine container seedlings on-site and nearby in the afforestation site, thereby solving the difficult problem of low afforestation survival rate. It is an important basis for improving the greening and ecological restoration results of high mountains and high and mid-mountain areas, and provides a strong guarantee for the early formation of an Armand pine ecosystem with stable traits and powerful functions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0010] Figure 1 These are 100-day container seedlings of Armand pine cultivated in the rainy season using the method provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure a shows a newly unearthed Armand pine seedling, Figure b shows a Armand pine seedling that has reached the standard for transplanting, Figure c shows a transplanted Armand pine seedling, Figure d shows a Armand pine seedling with the nutrient bag removed, and Figure e shows a 100-day container seedling of Armand pine cultivated in the rainy season. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0011] To make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Where specific conditions are not specified in the embodiments, conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer are used. Where the manufacturer of the reagents or instruments is not specified, all are conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0012] Current techniques for raising Armand pine seedlings all rely on conventional seedling raising methods, including seed germination, sowing, weeding, watering, fertilizing, and pest and disease control. These conventional seedling raising methods are highly limited, with complex procedures, especially in high-altitude areas, where watering is inconvenient and costly. Based on years of practical experience, the inventors have proposed a method for raising Armand pine seedlings in 100-day-old containers. The method utilizes rainfall from a cultivation base, primarily located in the subtropical humid monsoon climate of southern Sichuan Province. Huidong County, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, is a typical example of this region. This county is the largest Armand pine county in China, and its climate is characterized by distinct seasonal variations, with high temperatures and heavy rain in the summer and mild, humid winters. Annual precipitation is generally above 1000 mm, primarily concentrated in summer and autumn. The method for cultivating 100-day-old Pinus armandi container seedlings proposed by the inventor is mainly to cultivate high-quality Pinus armandi container seedlings locally in the afforestation site during the concentrated rainfall season in summer. The cultivation time of Pinus armandi container seedlings only takes 90-100 days, which solves the problem of low afforestation survival rate and provides strong support for accelerating the greening process of high mountains.

[0013] The following is a detailed description of a method for cultivating Pinus armandii seedlings in a container during the rainy season provided by the present invention:

[0014] The present invention provides a method for cultivating hundred-day container seedlings of Pinus armandii. The cultivation location is a subtropical humid monsoon climate zone in southern Sichuan Province, at an altitude of 2000-2800 meters. The cultivation method comprises: preparing a seedbed, preparing a light substrate, filling a container, accelerating seed germination, sowing and managing the seedlings.

[0015] In an optional embodiment, the preparation of the seedbed includes: on the uphill side of the afforestation land, a plot with gentle terrain, low soil gravel content, and few weeds and tree roots is selected to establish a nursery. On the basis of selecting the nursery site, drainage ditches are first dug to prevent rainwater erosion after heavy rain, and then shallow plowing is carried out to remove stones, weeds, and tree roots in the soil to prevent weed growth. Finally, the bed is built at a slope of 3-5°. The width of the seedbed is 1.0-1.2m and the width of the trail is 0.3-0.4m.

[0016] In an optional embodiment, the light substrate preparation includes: mixing 50% semi-fermented material after crushing woody organic matter, 30% perlite, 10% rice husk, and 10% fermented animal feces, and heating the mixture at a temperature of 2.5 kg / m 3 The standard spraying Bordeaux mixture, in which the mass ratio of copper sulfate: lime: water is 1:1:100, or 1.5g / m 3 Spray 50% carbendazim wettable powder according to the standard, spread it out in the sun for 2-3 days, and turn it over every 3-4 hours to prepare a light matrix.

[0017] In an optional embodiment, the container filling includes: using 10×15cm or 12×18cm non-woven nutrient bags or nutrient pots, preferably non-woven nutrient bags, filling the non-woven nutrient bags with light matrix, and neatly placing the nutrient bags filled with light matrix on the seedbed, 20 in each row, placing mousetraps and rat poison around the nursery to eliminate mountain rats.

[0018] The light matrix of the above composition provided by the embodiment of the present invention comprises wood organic matter including wood, twigs, pine needles, etc., and the fermented animal manure comprises one or more of fully fermented cow dung, sheep dung, and pig dung. The light matrix prepared by the present invention can provide the required nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium for the growth and development of Armand pine seedlings. It has high nutritional value, can accelerate the growth of seedlings, and shorten the cultivation time. Compared with the nutrient soil made of soil, sandy soil, and loam, the light matrix also has the following advantages: the bagging of the light matrix is ​​not affected by weather, site, etc., and is easy to load; it has high fertility and water holding capacity, and water is not easily lost and dissipated, which can accelerate the growth and development of Armand pine seedlings; it has good permeability, and the seedlings have a well-developed root system and grow strong; it reduces the total weight of the container seedlings, which is beneficial to the transportation and unloading of the container seedlings, and reduces the labor burden and handling costs; the non-woven fabric degrades in the soil into nutrients absorbed by the plant roots, which is environmentally friendly and pollution-free, and is conducive to green development.

[0019] In an optional embodiment, the seed germination comprises:

[0020] In early April, the seeds are germinated in three steps;

[0021] Step 1: Select seeds by water selection: Pour the Armand pine seeds into a container of water, remove impurities and seeds floating on the water surface, and select seeds that sink to the bottom with full parts, high germination rate, strong vitality and no pests and diseases, and set aside;

[0022] Step 2: Seed disinfection: Pour the selected seeds into a 2%-3% potassium permanganate solution at 40-50°C, stir constantly, take out after 30 minutes and rinse twice with clean water;

[0023] Step 3: Use alternating immersion in water and drying to accelerate germination: Immerse the seeds rinsed with clean water in 40℃ warm water, with the water level at least 10cm higher than the seeds. Soak the seeds for 12 hours, then remove them and spread them in a container, and place them in a room at 20-26℃ for germination for 4 hours; then soak the seeds in 40℃ warm water for 12 hours, then remove them and spread them in a container, and place them in a room at 20-26℃ for germination for 4 hours. Alternate germination in this way to ensure the moisture, temperature and oxygen required for seed germination. After the seed coat cracks in 7-10 days, they can be taken out for sowing.

[0024] The seeds germinated by the above method have a high germination rate and strong resistance to stress and disease. During the growth process, they can adapt well to the outdoor seedling environment.

[0025] In an optional embodiment, the sowing includes: promptly sowing the germinated seeds into prepared nutrient bags or nutrient pots, sowing 2-3 seeds in each container, sowing to a depth of 3-5 cm, covering with 1-2 cm of moist soil, and covering with pine needles; using a sunshade net to shade to retain moisture and heat, and prevent burns and bird damage, to ensure uniform emergence of seedlings.

[0026] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for cultivating 100-day container seedlings of Armand pine. After sowing the germinated seeds, the surface is covered with 1-2 cm of moist soil and covered with pine needles. The moist soil covered on the light substrate has a certain moisture retention ability and can slow down the evaporation and loss of water. The pine needles covered on the moist soil are needles dropped by the Armand pine seedlings after they grow into large trees. They have the same roots and origin as the Armand pine seedlings, have the functions of environmental protection, sterilization, and water retention, and can create a good environment for the growth and development of the seedlings. Therefore, covering with pine needles promotes the healthy growth of the Armand pine seedlings.

[0027] In an optional embodiment, seedling management includes:

[0028] Remove the covering: On rainy days after the seeds germinate, remove the pine needles covering the nutrient bags or nutrient pots and spray them with 0.2% carbendazim solution in time to prevent diseases;

[0029] Weeding: In early May, weeds gradually grow in the nursery. Remove weeds in containers, beds, and walkways on rainy days.

[0030] Planting: From the time the seedlings emerge from the soil until the seed shells fall off, they must be protected from bird damage. Half a month after all the seedlings emerge, thin them out when they are 5 cm tall. Keep one Armand pine seedling in each nutrient bag or nutrient pot.

[0031] Pest and disease control: For pest control, use 1000-1500 times diluted 50% dichlorvos emulsion or 1000-1500 times diluted trichlorfon for spraying; for disease control, use 1:1:100 Bordeaux mixture or 1000 times diluted 50% carbendazim for spraying;

[0032] Transplantation: When the seedlings are more than 10cm tall and the stems turn yellow and fully lignified, they can be transplanted.

[0033] Among them, the water required for seedling growth mainly depends on local rainfall. In case of continuous drought or high temperature climate, artificial assisted watering is adopted to improve the survival rate of seedlings.

[0034] In an optional embodiment, the cultivation time of the hundred-day container seedlings of Pinus armandii is April to June.

[0035] The present invention also provides an application of the hundred-day container seedlings of Pinus armandii cultivated in the rainy season by using the cultivation method in improving the survival rate of Pinus armandii afforestation.

[0036] In an optional embodiment, the steps are as follows:

[0037] The planting spacing is 2m×2m or 2m×3m, the seedling quantity per mu is 111 or 167, and the size of each hole is 40cm×40cm×30cm;

[0038] The afforestation time is from July to August when there is concentrated rainfall. Move the container seedlings from the nursery to the edge of the dug afforestation hole, tear off the non-woven fabric at the bottom of the container, place the seedlings in the center of the hole, cover with soil in layers and compact it, then cover with soil to the original root traces of the seedlings. After planting, build a circular soil plate around the surface with the seedling trunk as the center. The soil should be slightly higher around the seedling trunk, gradually lower outwards, and slightly higher at the edge of the plate to facilitate water retention.

[0039] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0040] Example 1

[0041] The method for cultivating 100-day container seedlings of Armand pine in the rainy season and the method for afforestation using the cultivated 100-day container seedlings of Armand pine in the rainy season comprise the following steps:

[0042] 1. Seed collection

[0043] From late September to early October (after the White Dew Festival), when the cones of Armand pine completely transform from green to yellow-brown, seeds are mature. Select robust mother trees between 15 and 40 years old for seed collection. Harvested cones are spread out in the sun, turning them 2-3 times daily. When the scales loosen and the seeds begin to fall, they are threshed using a thresher or manually. After cleaning, dry the seeds in the sun until they have a moisture content of 8-10%. Store at a temperature no higher than 5°C. The seed weight is 2,960-3,040 seeds per kilogram, with a germination rate of 80-90%.

[0044] 2. Cultivation of container seedlings in the rainy season

[0045] 2.1 Nursery establishment

[0046] 2.1.1 Nursery site selection

[0047] With the advancement of afforestation and ecological restoration, the current types of land for afforestation are general shrubland, other woodlands, and bare land. Most plots of land have poor site conditions, lack of water sources, and inconvenient transportation, making vegetation restoration and afforestation increasingly difficult. To facilitate nursery management, shorten seedling transportation distances, reduce seedling losses, and save cultivation costs, nurseries should be established on plots uphill from afforestation sites, between 2000 and 2800 meters above sea level, with gently sloping terrain, low gravel content, and few weeds and tree roots.

[0048] 2.1.2 Nursery establishment

[0049] 2.1.2.1 Seedbed Preparation

[0050] After selecting a nursery site, first dig drainage ditches to prevent erosion after heavy rains. Then, shallow tillage is performed to remove rocks, weeds, and tree roots from the soil to prevent weed growth and reduce nursery management costs. Finally, dig out beds at a 3-5° slope, with a width of 1.0-1.2m and a 0.3-0.4m walkway.

[0051] 2.2 Light matrix bagging and placement

[0052] 2.2.1 Light matrix configuration

[0053] The preparation of light substrate includes: mixing 50% semi-fermented material of crushed wood organic matter, 30% perlite, 10% rice husk and 10% fermented animal feces, and heating them at a rate of 2.5kg / m 3 The standard spraying Bordeaux mixture, in which the mass ratio of copper sulfate: lime: water is 1:1:100, or 1.5g / m 3 Spray 50% carbendazim wettable powder according to the standard, spread it out in the sun for 2-3 days, turn it over every 3-4 hours to obtain a light matrix.

[0054] 2.2.2 Bagging and placement

[0055] Use 10 x 15 cm or 12 x 18 cm non-woven nutrient bags or nutrient pots, fill them with light substrate, and place them neatly on the seedbed, 20 per row. Set mousetraps and use rat poison around the nursery to eliminate mountain rats.

[0056] 2.3 Seed germination

[0057] In early April, the seeds are germinated in three steps. The first step is to select seeds by water selection: pour the Armand pine seeds into a container of water, remove impurities and seeds floating on the water surface, select the seeds that sink to the bottom with full parts, high germination rate, strong vitality and no pests and diseases, and set them aside; the second step is seed disinfection: pour the selected seeds into a 2%-3% potassium permanganate solution at 40-50℃, stir constantly, take out after 30 minutes and rinse with clean water twice; the third step is to use water immersion and air drying to disinfect the seeds. Germination is carried out in an alternating manner: rinse the seeds with clean water and soak them in 40℃ warm water, with the water level more than 10cm higher than the seeds. Soak the seeds for 12 hours, then take them out and spread them in a container, and place them in a room at 20-26℃ for germination for 4 hours; then soak the seeds in warm water of about 40℃ for 12 hours, then take them out and spread them in a container, and place them in a room at 20-26℃ for germination for 4 hours. Germination is carried out alternately in this way to ensure the moisture, temperature and oxygen required for seed germination. After the seed coat cracks in 7-10 days, the seeds can be taken out for sowing.

[0058] 2.4 Seeding

[0059] In mid-April, sow the germinated seeds into the prepared light substrate nutrient bags or nutrient pots in time, sow 2-3 seeds in each container, sow at a depth of about 3-5cm, cover with 1-2cm of moist soil, and cover with pine needles; use shade nets to shade to keep moisture and heat, and prevent burns and bird damage, to ensure uniform emergence of seedlings.

[0060] 2.5 Seedling management

[0061] 2.5.1 Remove the covering

[0062] In late April, on a rainy day after the seeds germinate, remove the pine needles covering the nutrient bags or nutrient pots and spray them with 0.2% carbendazim solution to prevent diseases. Light or moderate rain at this time can provide the water needed for seedling growth.

[0063] 2.5.2 Weeding

[0064] In early May, weeds begin to grow in the nursery. According to the principle of "remove weeds early, remove weeds small, and remove weeds completely", weeds in containers, beds and walkways should be removed on rainy days. Be careful when weeding and do not use too much force to prevent disturbing the soil and loosening the roots of the seedlings.

[0065] 2.5.3 Planting

[0066] Care should be taken to prevent bird damage from the time the seedlings emerge from the soil until the seed shells fall off. Thin out the seedlings when they are 5 cm tall, and keep one Chinese pine seedling in each nutrient bag or nutrient pot.

[0067] 2.5.4 Pest and disease control

[0068] The main pests and diseases in Armand pine nurseries include pine aphids, pine caterpillars, and leaf blight. Early detection, prevention, and treatment are crucial for prevention and control. For pest control, spray 1000-1500 times diluted 50% dichlorvos emulsion or 1000-1500 times diluted trichlorfon. For disease control, spray 1:1:100 Bordeaux mixture or 1000 times diluted 50% carbendazim.

[0069] 2.5.5 Planting

[0070] From late June to early July, when the seedlings reach a height of more than 10 cm and the stems turn yellow and fully lignified, they can be transplanted.

[0071] The growth process of the above cultivated 100-day container seedlings of Armand pine in the rainy season can be found in Figure 1 It can be seen that the survival rate of the cultivated Chinese pine seedlings in the rainy season is high, and they grow healthily and have good growth.

[0072] 3. Container seedlings for rainy season afforestation

[0073] 3.1 Amount of seedlings used

[0074] The spacing between rows and plants of Pinus armandii is 2m×2m or 2m×3m, and the number of seedlings used per mu is 111 or 167.

[0075] 3.2 Land preparation

[0076] In May and June, one month before afforestation, use 40cm×40cm×30cm hole-shaped land preparation.

[0077] 3.3 Planting

[0078] During the rainy season from July to August, move the container seedlings from the nursery to the edge of the dug afforestation hole, tear off the non-woven fabric at the bottom, place the seedlings in the center of the hole, cover with soil in layers and compact it, then cover with soil to the original root traces of the seedlings. After planting, build a circular soil plate around the ground with the seedling trunk as the center. The soil should be slightly higher around the seedling trunk, gradually lower outwards, and slightly higher at the edge of the plate to facilitate water retention.

[0079] Comparative Example 1

[0080] Methods for raising seedlings of Pinus armandii in spring

[0081] 1.1 Cultivation time

[0082] Seedling cultivation takes place from January to June, a total of 180 days.

[0083] 2.1 Nursery establishment

[0084] 2.1.1 Nursery site selection

[0085] The nursery site should be sandy loam with deep, fertile soil, sufficient water resources and good drainage, and should be established in farmland near the foot of the mountain.

[0086] 2.1.2 Nursery establishment

[0087] 2.1.2.1 Seedbed Preparation

[0088] Drainage ditches should be constructed around the selected nursery plot, with shallow central ditches and deep side ditches to prevent water accumulation after rain. Twenty days before sowing, chemically control weeds with a 1000x dilution of 50% acetochlor at a rate of 50 mL / mu. The seedbed should be 1.2 m wide and 20 cm high, with a 30 cm wide walkway.

[0089] 2.2 Nutrient soil bagging and placement

[0090] 2.2.1 Nutrient soil configuration

[0091] Near the nursery, finely grind the light, loose, fertile, and well-drained soil, add decomposed farmyard manure (or organic fertilizer) and 100kg / mu of phosphorus fertilizer in a ratio of 1 (basic fertilizer): 5 (soil), and mix evenly. 3 Add 0.2kg of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and 0.2kg of chlorpyrifos to the nutrient soil to disinfect the soil and prepare the nutrient soil.

[0092] 2.2.2 Bagging and placement

[0093] Use 10 x 15 cm or 12 x 18 cm plastic nutrient bags or nutrient pots, fill them with nutrient soil, and place them neatly on the seedbed, 20 per row. Set mousetraps and use rat poison around the nursery to eliminate wild rats.

[0094] 2.3 Seed germination

[0095] In early February, seed germination is accelerated in three steps. First, the seeds are carefully selected to select those that are well-developed, plump, large, have a high germination rate, are strong in vitality, and are free of pests and diseases. Next, the seeds are disinfected by soaking them in a 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 2 hours (or spraying them with a 50% carbendazim dilution (800 times diluted)). Remove the seeds and rinse them with clean water 2-3 times. Finally, immerse the Armand pine seeds in warm water at 40-50°C (at least 10 cm above the seeds) to accelerate germination. Change the water 1-2 times daily. After the seed coats have absorbed water and expanded, remove them and spread them in a container. Place them indoors at 20°C for germination, cover them with pine needles or wet straw, and water them 2-3 times daily. After 10-15 days, when more than 60% of the seeds have broken through the shell, they can be removed and sown.

[0096] 2.4 Seeding

[0097] In late February, sow the germinated seeds into the prepared nutrient bags or nutrient pots in time, sow 2-3 seeds in each container, sow at a depth of about 3-5cm, cover with 1-2cm of moist soil, and cover with pine needles; use shade nets to shade to keep moisture and heat, and prevent burns and bird damage, to ensure uniform emergence of seedlings.

[0098] 2.5 Seedling management

[0099] 2.5.1 Watering

[0100] After sowing the seeds into nutrient bags or nutrient pots, water them once a week to meet the water needs of the seedlings for growth.

[0101] 2.5.2 Remove the covering

[0102] In early March, on a rainy day after the seeds germinate and emerge from the soil, remove the pine needles covering the nutrient bags or nutrient pots and spray 0.2% carbendazim solution in time to prevent diseases.

[0103] 2.5.3 Weeding

[0104] In mid-March, weeds begin to grow in the container. According to the principle of "remove early, remove small, and remove completely", remove the weeds in the container, bed surface and walkway on rainy days. Be careful when weeding and do not use too much force to prevent disturbing the soil and loosening the roots of the seedlings.

[0105] 2.5.4 Planting

[0106] Care should be taken to prevent bird damage from the time the seedlings emerge from the soil until the seed shells fall off. Thin out the seedlings when they reach a height of more than 5 cm half a month after all the seedlings emerge, and keep one Chinese pine seedling in each nutrient bag or nutrient pot.

[0107] 2.5.5 Fertilization

[0108] In mid-April, start applying nitrogen fertilizer at a rate of 30-35kg / mu to accelerate the growth of seedlings.

[0109] 2.5.6 Pest and disease control

[0110] The main pests and diseases in Armand pine nurseries include pine aphids, pine caterpillars, and leaf blight. Early detection, prevention, and treatment are crucial for their prevention and control. For pest control, spray 1000-1500 times diluted 50% dichlorvos emulsion or 1000-1500 times diluted trichlorfon. For disease control, spray 1:1:100 Bordeaux mixture or 1000 times diluted 50% carbendazim.

[0111] 2.6 Planting

[0112] From late June to early July, when the seedlings reach a height of more than 8 cm and the stems turn yellow and fully lignified, they can be transplanted.

[0113] 2.7 Rainy Season Afforestation

[0114] 2.7.1 Amount of seedlings used

[0115] The planting distance of Pinus armandii is 2m×2m, and the number of seedlings used per mu is 167.

[0116] 2.7.2 Land preparation

[0117] In May and June, one month before afforestation, use 40cm×40cm×30cm hole-shaped land preparation.

[0118] 2.7.3 Planting

[0119] During the rainy season from July to August, move the container seedlings from the nursery to the edge of the dug afforestation hole, tear off all materials in the plastic nutrient bag or nutrient pot, place the seedlings in the center of the hole, cover with soil in layers and compact it, cover the soil to the original root traces of the seedlings, and build a circular soil tray to facilitate water retention.

[0120] Compared with the method for raising Pinus armandii seedlings in spring provided in Comparative Example 1, the method for raising Pinus armandii seedlings in a container for 100 days in the rainy season provided in Example 1 has the following advantages:

[0121] 1. The cultivation time of Armand pine seedlings is shortened by 80-90 days;

[0122] 2. During the concentrated rainfall season in summer, sow the broken seeds into non-woven nutrient bags or nutrient pots. The rainfall can meet the growth of seedlings and reduce watering by 16 times;

[0123] 3. The prepared light substrate can fully meet the nutrients required for the growth of seedlings, without the need for fertilizer, and the amount of fertilizer per mu can be reduced by 30-35kg;

[0124] 4. The light substrate has loose gaps, which can promote root growth. The root system of the seedlings is well developed, exceeding 30% of the total root system of conventional nutrient bags or nutrient pots.

[0125] 5. Use non-woven nutrient bags or nutrient pots instead of plastic nutrient bags or nutrient pots, and do not apply herbicides, which can prevent soil and environmental pollution and meet the needs of green environmental protection;

[0126] 6. The light substrate provides sufficient nutrients for the growth and development of seedlings. When the seedlings are planted, they are more than 10cm tall, which is more than 2cm taller than traditionally cultivated seedlings.

[0127] 7. Use light matrix to fill non-woven nutrient bags or nutrient pots. After the seedlings are planted, the weight of each nutrient bag or nutrient pot seedling is only 0.3kg, which is 0.3-0.7kg lighter than the traditional nutrient bag or nutrient pot seedlings.

[0128] 8. Cultivating seedlings in nutrient bags or nutrient pots near the afforestation site shortens the transportation distance and reduces transportation costs; the seedlings have well-developed root systems and are closely integrated with the nutrient soil, which increases the afforestation survival rate by more than 30%.

[0129] Comparative Example 2

[0130] Methods for raising seedlings of Pinus armandii in autumn

[0131] 1.1 Cultivation time

[0132] Seedling cultivation takes place from September to June of the following year, a total of 300 days.

[0133] 2.1 Nursery establishment

[0134] 2.1.1 Nursery site selection

[0135] The nursery site should be sandy loam with deep, fertile soil, sufficient water resources and good drainage, and should be established in farmland near the foot of the mountain.

[0136] 2.1.2 Nursery establishment

[0137] 2.1.2.1 Seedbed Preparation

[0138] Drainage ditches should be constructed around the selected nursery plot, with shallow central ditches and deep side ditches to prevent water accumulation after rain. Twenty days before sowing, chemically control weeds with a 1000x dilution of 50% acetochlor at a rate of 50 mL / mu. The seedbed should be 1.2 m wide and 20 cm high, with a 30 cm wide walkway.

[0139] 2.2 Nutrient soil bagging and placement

[0140] 2.2.1 Nutrient soil configuration

[0141] Near the nursery, finely grind the light, loose, fertile, and well-drained soil, add decomposed farmyard manure (or organic fertilizer) and 100 kg / mu of phosphorus fertilizer in a ratio of 1 (basic fertilizer): 5 (soil), and mix evenly. 3 Add 0.2kg of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and 0.2kg of chlorpyrifos to the nutrient soil to disinfect the soil and prepare the nutrient soil.

[0142] 2.2.2 Bagging and placement

[0143] Use 10 x 15 cm or 12 x 18 cm plastic nutrient bags or nutrient pots, fill them with nutrient soil, and place them neatly on the seedbed, 20 per row. Set mousetraps and use rat poison around the nursery to eliminate wild rats.

[0144] 2.3 Seed germination

[0145] In mid-October, seed germination is accelerated in three steps. First, the seeds are carefully selected using water selection to select seeds that are well-developed, plump, large, have a high germination rate, are strong in vitality, and are free of pests and diseases. Next, the seeds are disinfected by soaking them in a 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 2 hours (or spraying them with a 50% carbendazim dilution (800 times diluted)). Remove the seeds and rinse them with clean water 2-3 times. Finally, immerse the Armand pine seeds in warm water at 40-50°C (at least 10 cm above the seeds) for germination. The water is changed 1-2 times daily. After the seed coats have absorbed water and expanded, remove them and spread them in a container. Place them indoors at 20°C for germination, cover them with pine needles or wet straw, and water them 2-3 times daily. Germination is accelerated for 10-15 days. When more than 60% of the seeds have broken through the shell, they can be removed and sown.

[0146] 2.4 Seeding

[0147] In early November, sow the germinated seeds into the prepared nutrient bags or nutrient pots in time, sow 2-3 seeds in each container, sow at a depth of 3-5cm, cover with 1-2cm of moist soil, and cover with pine needles; use shade nets to shade to keep moisture and heat, and prevent burns and bird damage, to ensure uniform emergence of seedlings.

[0148] 2.5 Seedling management

[0149] 2.5.1 Watering

[0150] Sow the seeds in nutrient bags or nutrient pots and water them once a week to meet the water needs of the seedlings for growth.

[0151] 2.5.2 Weeding

[0152] At the end of November, weeds begin to grow in the container. According to the principle of "remove early, remove small, and remove completely", remove the weeds in the container, bed surface and walkway on rainy days. Be careful when weeding and do not use too much force to prevent disturbing the soil and loosening the roots of the seedlings.

[0153] 2.5.3 Remove the covering

[0154] In early January of the following year, remove the pine needles covering the nutrient bags and spray 0.2% carbendazim solution in time to prevent diseases.

[0155] 2.5.4 Planting

[0156] Care should be taken to prevent bird damage from the time the seedlings emerge from the soil until the seed shells fall off. Thin out the seedlings when they are over 5 cm tall, and keep one Chinese pine seedling in each nutrient bag or nutrient pot.

[0157] 2.5.5 Fertilization

[0158] In mid-March, the height growth of seedlings accelerates and nitrogen fertilizer is started to be applied to prevent the topping phenomenon during the drought period from affecting the normal growth of seedlings.

[0159] 2.5.6 Pest and disease control

[0160] The main pests and diseases in Armand pine nurseries include pine aphids, pine caterpillars, and leaf blight. Early detection, prevention, and treatment are crucial. For pest control, spray 1000-1500 times diluted 50% dichlorvos emulsion or 1000-1500 times diluted trichlorfon. For disease control, spray 1:1:100 Bordeaux mixture or 1000 times diluted 50% carbendazim.

[0161] 2.6 Planting

[0162] From late June to early July, when the seedlings reach a height of more than 8 cm and the stems turn yellow and fully lignified, they can be transplanted.

[0163] 2.7 Rainy Season Afforestation

[0164] 2.7.1 Amount of seedlings used

[0165] The planting distance of Pinus armandii is 2m×2m, and the number of seedlings used per mu is 167.

[0166] 2.7.2 Land preparation

[0167] In May or June of the following year, one month before afforestation, pit preparation with a size of 40cm×40cm×30cm is used.

[0168] 2.7.3 Planting

[0169] In July and August, move the container seedlings from the nursery to the edge of the dug afforestation hole, tear off all materials in the plastic nutrient bag or nutrient pot, place the seedlings in the center of the hole, cover with soil in layers and compact it, cover the soil to the original root traces of the seedlings, and build a round soil tray to facilitate water retention.

[0170] Compared with the method for raising Armand pine seedlings in spring provided in Comparative Example 2, the method for raising Armand pine seedlings in a container for 100 days in the rainy season provided in Example 1 has the following advantages:

[0171] 1. The cultivation time of Armand pine seedlings is shortened by 200-210 days;

[0172] 2. During concentrated rainfall seasons, sow the broken seeds into non-woven nutrient bags or nutrient pots. The rainfall can meet the growth needs of the seedlings, reducing watering by 16 times;

[0173] 3. The prepared light substrate can fully meet the nutrients required for the growth of seedlings, without the need for fertilizer, and the amount of fertilizer per mu can be reduced by 30-35 kg;

[0174] 4. The light substrate has loose gaps, which can promote root growth. The root system of the seedlings is well developed, exceeding 30% of the total root system of conventional nutrient bags or nutrient pots.

[0175] 5. Use non-woven nutrient bags or nutrient pots instead of plastic nutrient bags or nutrient pots, and do not apply herbicides, which can prevent soil and environmental pollution and meet the needs of green environmental protection;

[0176] 6. The light substrate provides sufficient nutrients for the growth and development of seedlings. When the seedlings are planted, they are more than 10cm tall, which is more than 2cm taller than traditionally cultivated seedlings.

[0177] 7. Using light matrix to fill non-woven nutrient bags or nutrient pots, after the seedlings are planted, the weight of each nutrient bag or nutrient pot seedling is only 0.3kg, which is 0.3-0.7kg lighter than the weight of traditionally cultivated nutrient bag seedlings or nutrient pots;

[0178] 8. Cultivating seedlings in nutrient bags or nutrient pots near the afforestation site shortens the transportation distance and reduces transportation costs; the seedlings have well-developed root systems and the nutrient soil is compact, which increases the afforestation survival rate by more than 30%.

[0179] Comparative Example 3

[0180] Cultivation method of bare-root seedlings of Pinus armandii

[0181] 1.1 Cultivation time

[0182] Seedling cultivation takes place from January to June of the following year, a total of 540 days.

[0183] 2.1 Nursery establishment

[0184] 2.1.1 Nursery site selection

[0185] The nursery site should be sandy loam with deep, fertile soil, sufficient water resources and good drainage, and should be established in farmland near the foot of the mountain.

[0186] 2.1.2 Nursery establishment

[0187] 2.1.2.1 Seedbed Preparation

[0188] Drainage ditches should be constructed around the selected nursery plot, with shallow central ditches and deep side ditches to prevent water accumulation after rain. Twenty days before sowing, chemically control weeds with a 1000x dilution of 50% acetochlor at a rate of 50 mL / mu. The seedbed should be 1.2 m wide and 20 cm high, with a 30 cm wide walkway.

[0189] 2.2 Seed germination

[0190] In early February, seeds are accelerated to germinate in three steps. First, the seeds are carefully selected to select those that are well-developed, plump, large, have a high germination rate, are strong in vitality, and are free of pests and diseases. Next, the seeds are disinfected by soaking them in a 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 2 hours (or spraying them with a 50% carbendazim dilution (800 times diluted)). Remove them, seal them, and rinse them with clean water 2-3 times. Finally, Armand pine seeds are water-soaked to accelerate germination. After the disinfected seeds are immersed in warm water at 40-50°C (at least 10 cm above the seeds), changing the water 1-2 times daily. After the seed coats have absorbed water and expanded, they are removed and spread in a container. Place them in a room at 20-26°C for accelerated germination, covered with pine needles or wet straw, and watered 2-3 times daily. Germination is accelerated for 10-15 days. When more than 60% of the seeds have broken through the shell, they can be removed and sown.

[0191] 2.3 Seeding

[0192] 2.3.1 The sowing time is from late February to early March, and it will germinate in 40-50 days.

[0193] 2.3.2 Sow in a north-south row with a row spacing of 20 cm and a furrow width of 3 cm to ensure uniform light exposure for the seedlings. Use 40-45 kg of seed per mu, with a spacing of approximately 3 cm between seeds. After sowing, cover with loose, fine soil to a depth of 0.5-1.0 cm, then cover with pine needles or straw, and water thoroughly.

[0194] 2.3.3 Use shade nets to provide shade to retain moisture and heat, prevent burns and bird damage, and ensure uniform emergence of seedlings.

[0195] 2.4 Seedling management

[0196] 2.4.1 Watering

[0197] After sowing the seeds, water them once a week to provide the seedlings with enough water for growth.

[0198] 2.4.2 Remove the covering

[0199] In early April, on a rainy day after the seeds germinate and emerge from the soil, remove the pine needles covering the nutrient bags or nutrient pots and spray 0.2% carbendazim solution in time to prevent diseases.

[0200] 2.4.3 Weeding

[0201] In mid-April, weeds begin to grow gradually in the nursery. According to the principle of "remove weeds early, remove weeds small, and remove weeds completely", weeds on beds and walkways should be removed on rainy days. Be careful when weeding and do not use too much force to prevent disturbing the soil and loosening the roots of the seedlings.

[0202] 2.4.4 Fertilization

[0203] In late April, when the height growth of seedlings accelerates, nitrogen fertilizer should be applied to prevent the phenomenon of capping during dry periods, which will affect the normal growth of seedlings. From mid-to-late August, when the growth of seedlings slows down, the frequency of irrigation should be reduced, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be applied in time to promote lignification of seedlings.

[0204] 2.4.5 Planting

[0205] Thin out the seedlings one month after all the seedlings have emerged, and then transplant them half a month later. Leave 130-140 seedlings per square meter, and the yield per mu is 40,000-50,000 seedlings.

[0206] 2.4.6 Pest and disease control

[0207] The main pests and diseases in Armand pine nurseries include pine aphids, pine caterpillars, and leaf blight. Early detection, prevention, and treatment are crucial for prevention and control. For pest control, spray 1000-1500 times diluted 50% dichlorvos emulsion or 1000-1500 times diluted trichlorfon. For disease control, spray 1:1:100 Bordeaux mixture or 1000 times diluted 50% carbendazim.

[0208] 2.5 Planting

[0209] From late June to early July of the second year, when the seedlings reach a height of more than 10 cm and are fully lignified, they can be transplanted.

[0210] 2.6 Rainy Season Afforestation

[0211] 2.6.1 Amount of seedlings used

[0212] The planting distance of Pinus armandii is 2m×2m, and the number of seedlings used per mu is 167.

[0213] 2.6.2 Land preparation

[0214] In May or June of the following year, one month before afforestation, pit preparation with a size of 40cm×40cm×30cm is used.

[0215] 2.6.3 Planting

[0216] During the rainy season from July to August, the bare-root seedlings are moved from the nursery to the dug afforestation holes and planted using the "three burials, two treads, and one seedling lifting" method (fill half of the soil, lift the seedling and tamp it firmly, fill it again and tamp it firmly, and finally cover it with loose soil. The backfill soil should generally slightly exceed the root neck of the seedling; ensure that the seedlings are straight and have roots that are relaxed, the roots are buried in fine soil, and the soil is covered and compacted in layers).

[0217] Compared with the method for raising Armand pine seedlings in spring provided in Comparative Example 3, the method for raising Armand pine seedlings in a container for 100 days in the rainy season provided in Example 1 has the following advantages:

[0218] 1. The cultivation time of Armand pine seedlings is shortened by 440-450 days;

[0219] 2. During concentrated rainfall seasons, sow the broken seeds into non-woven nutrient bags or nutrient pots. The rainfall can meet the growth needs of the seedlings, reducing watering by 72 times;

[0220] 3. The prepared light substrate can fully meet the nutrients required for the growth of seedlings, without the need for fertilizer, and the amount of fertilizer per mu can be reduced by 30-35kg;

[0221] 4. The light substrate has loose gaps, which can promote root growth. The root system of the seedlings is well developed, exceeding 50% of the total root system of the bare-root seedlings;

[0222] 5. Use non-woven nutrient bags or nutrient pots instead of plastic nutrient bags or nutrient pots, and do not apply herbicides, which can prevent soil and environmental pollution and meet the needs of green environmental protection;

[0223] 6. Cultivating seedlings in nutrient bags or nutrient pots near the afforestation site shortens the transportation distance and reduces transportation costs; the seedlings have well-developed root systems and the nutrient soil is compact, which can fully guarantee the water and nutrients required for the survival of the seedlings. The afforestation survival rate reaches more than 90%, which is more than 50% higher than the survival rate of afforestation using bare-root seedlings.

[0224] As can be seen from the above, the method for cultivating Pinus armandii container seedlings in the rainy season for 100 days provided by the embodiment of the present invention mainly utilizes the local concentrated rainfall in summer to meet the growth of Pinus armandii seedlings, significantly shortens the seedling cultivation time, and cultivates high-quality Pinus armandii container seedlings locally in the afforestation site, with low transportation costs, which can improve the survival rate of Pinus armandii afforestation.

[0225] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating Pinus armandii seedlings in a container for 100 days in the rainy season, characterized in that: The cultivation location is in the subtropical humid monsoon climate zone in southern Sichuan Province, at an altitude of 2000-2800m. The cultivation period is from April to June. The cultivation method includes: seedbed preparation, light substrate preparation, container filling, seed germination, sowing and seedling management, including: The light substrate preparation includes: mixing 50% semi-fermented material of crushed wood organic matter, 30% perlite, 10% rice husk and 10% fermented animal feces, and mixing them at a rate of 2.5kg / m 3 The standard spraying Bordeaux mixture, in which the mass ratio of copper sulfate: lime: water is 1:1:100, or 1.5g / m 3 Spray 50% carbendazim wettable powder according to the standard, expose to the sun for 2-3 days, and turn it over every 3-4 hours to prepare a light substrate; Seed germination includes: in early April, seed germination is carried out in three steps, Step 1: Select seeds by water selection: Pour the Armand pine seeds into a container of water, remove impurities and seeds floating on the water surface, and select seeds that sink to the bottom with full parts, high germination rate, strong vitality and no pests and diseases, and set aside; Step 2: Seed disinfection: Pour the selected seeds into a 2%-3% potassium permanganate solution at 40-50°C, stir constantly, take out after 30 minutes and rinse twice with clean water; Step 3: Use alternating immersion and drying to accelerate germination: Immerse the seeds rinsed with clean water in 40℃ warm water, with the water level at least 10cm above the seeds. Soak for 12 hours, remove and spread in a container, and place in a room at 20-26℃ for germination for 4 hours; then soak in 40℃ warm water for 12 hours, then remove and spread in a container, and place in a room at 20-26℃ for germination for 4 hours. Alternate germination to ensure the moisture, temperature and oxygen required for seed germination. After the seed coat cracks in 7-10 days, the seeds can be taken out for sowing; Sowing includes: sowing the germinated seeds promptly into the prepared light substrate nutrient bags or nutrient pots, sowing 2-3 seeds in each container, sowing to a depth of 3-5cm, covering with 1-2cm of moist soil and pine needles; using shade nets to shade to retain moisture and heat, and prevent burns and bird damage, to ensure uniform seedling emergence; The container filling includes: using 10×15cm or 12×18cm non-woven nutrient bags or nutrient pots, filling them with the above-prepared light matrix, and neatly placing them on the seedbed, with 20 in each row, placing mousetraps and rat poison around the nursery to eliminate mountain rats.

2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that The preparation of seedbeds includes: on the uphill side of the afforestation land, select a plot with gentle terrain, low soil gravel content, and few weeds and tree roots to establish a nursery. On the basis of selecting a nursery site, first dig drainage ditches to prevent rainwater erosion after heavy rain, then carry out shallow plowing to remove stones, weeds, and tree roots in the soil to prevent weed growth, and finally build a bed according to a slope of 3-5°. The seedbed is 1.0-1.2m wide and the trail is 0.3-0.4m wide.

3. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein Seedling management includes: Remove the covering: On rainy days after the seeds germinate, remove the pine needles covering the nutrient bags or nutrient pots and spray them with 0.2% carbendazim solution in time to prevent diseases; Weeding and thinning: From the time seedlings emerge from the soil until the seed shells fall off, they must be protected from bird damage. Thin out the seedlings half a month after they emerge, when they are 5 cm tall. Keep one Armand pine seedling in each nutrient bag or nutrient pot. Remove weeds promptly according to the principle of "weed early, weed small, and weed thoroughly." Pest and disease control: For pest control, use 1000-1500 times diluted 50% dichlorvos emulsion or 1000-1500 times diluted trichlorfon for spraying; for disease control, use 1:1:100 Bordeaux mixture or 1000 times diluted 50% carbendazim for spraying; Transplantation: When the seedlings are more than 10cm tall and the stems turn yellow and fully lignified, they can be transplanted. Among them, the water required for the growth of Chinese pine seedlings during the seedling management period mainly depends on local rainfall. In case of continuous drought or high temperature climate, artificial assisted watering should be used in time to improve the survival rate of seedlings.

4. Use of the hundred-day container seedlings of Pinus armandii cultivated according to the cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in the rainy season in improving the survival rate of Pinus armandii afforestation.

5. The use according to claim 4, characterized in that Here are the steps: The afforestation adopts a row spacing of 2m×2m or 2m×3m, with 111 or 167 seedlings per mu, and the size of each hole is 40cm×40cm×30cm; The afforestation time is from July to August when there is concentrated rainfall. Move the container seedlings from the nursery to the edge of the dug afforestation hole, tear off the non-woven fabric at the bottom of the container, place the seedlings in the center of the hole, cover with soil in layers and compact it, then cover with soil to the original root traces of the seedlings. After planting, build a circular soil plate around the surface with the seedling trunk as the center. The soil should be slightly higher around the seedling trunk, gradually lower outwards, and slightly higher at the edge of the plate to facilitate water retention.

Images