A mangrove ecological restoration method based on suitable beach forest land

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of mangrove ecological restoration, and discloses a mangrove ecological restoration method based on a beach suitable for forest land, which comprises the following steps: (1) constructing a suitable forest land; S1, fixing mud with pine piles: two layers of pine piles are punched at a distance of 30-50 cm from the periphery of the area to be restored, and the beach mud is fixed; S2, filling mud to construct a planting base: the beach mud is filled in the area to be restored to construct a planting base, and a beach suitable for forest land is obtained; S3, constructing a wave protection dike: two layers of bamboo fences are inserted around the area to be restored, and oyster shells and silt are filled in the bamboo fences at intervals to form an oyster reef wave protection dike; (2) planting mangroves; S4, selecting and breeding: two or more seedlings are selected for breeding to obtain hypocotyl seedlings or seedlings; S5, combined planting: two or more seedlings are planted by means of interplanting, and mangroves are obtained. The present application effectively improves the speed of mangrove ecological construction and restoration by reasonably configuring pine piles and oyster reef wave protection dikes.

Description

A method for mangrove ecological restoration based on tidal flats suitable for afforestation Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mangrove ecological restoration technology, specifically to a method for mangrove ecological restoration based on afforestation land suitable for tidal flats. Background Technology

[0002] Mangroves are among the most productive marine ecosystems in the tropical and subtropical coastal ecotones, playing a vital role in purifying seawater, preventing wind and waves, reinforcing seawalls, mitigating the power of ocean waves, helping humans resist typhoons and tsunamis, maintaining biodiversity, and sequestering carbon. In recent years, my country has made positive progress in mangrove protection and restoration, initially reversing the trend of a sharp decline in mangrove area. However, due to environmental pollution and wave erosion, problems such as a small total mangrove area, habitat degradation, and reduced biodiversity remain prominent. This has led to severe ecological degradation in some nearshore mudflats and mangrove areas, making them less resistant to natural or human disturbances, with weak buffering capacity and high sensitivity and vulnerability, seriously affecting ecological environment maintenance. Human intervention is urgently needed to restore the mangrove ecosystem.

[0003] The first step in creating and restoring damaged mangroves is to construct suitable afforestation land for mangrove growth. Currently, the main technology is to construct suitable afforestation land by using wooden piles, sandbags, or oyster shells to form oyster walls and then filling the land. However, the existing technology for constructing suitable afforestation land in tidal flats is far from mature. Specifically, this is manifested in the following ways: (1) The materials used, such as boulders, culture boxes, gravel, and soil transported from other areas, have an impact on the marine ecosystem; (2) It requires a large amount of manpower and resources. At the same time, due to the poor effect of stabilizing mud and dikes, the suitable afforestation land is degraded, which affects the planting of mangroves; (3) The planting effect of mangroves also needs to be optimized and improved.

[0004] In summary, developing a mangrove ecological restoration method based on tidal flat suitable for afforestation can not only effectively make up for the shortcomings of existing technologies, but also quickly construct stable tidal flat suitable for afforestation, which is convenient for planting mangroves to restore the ecology, and can also improve the success rate of mangrove planting and thus improve the effect of mangrove ecological restoration. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a method for mangrove ecological restoration based on tidal flats suitable for afforestation, in order to solve the technical problem that the poor effect of existing afforestation on soil stabilization and dike reinforcement leads to the degradation of afforestation land and affects the mangrove restoration effect.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a method for mangrove ecological restoration based on tidal flats suitable for afforestation, comprising the following steps:

[0007] (a) Constructing suitable afforestation land;

[0008] S1. Pine stake stabilization: Drive two layers of pine stakes 30-50cm away from the perimeter of the area to be restored to stabilize the mud in the tidal flat area.

[0009] S2. Filling with mud to construct a planting base: Fill the area to be restored with marine mud to construct a planting base and obtain suitable tidal flats for afforestation;

[0010] S3. Construct a breakwater: Insert two layers of bamboo enclosures around the area to be repaired, and fill the bamboo enclosures with oyster shells and silt at intervals to form an oyster reef breakwater.

[0011] (ii) Mangrove planting;

[0012] S4. Seed selection and breeding: Select two or more seedlings for breeding to obtain hypocotyl seedlings or seedlings;

[0013] S5. Intercropping: Two or more types of seedlings are planted together by stringing together to obtain mangrove forests.

[0014] The principles and advantages of this scheme are:

[0015] 1. Compared to existing technologies where poor stabilization and dike reinforcement in suitable afforestation areas lead to degradation and negatively impact mangrove restoration, this solution, by first filling with mud and then constructing a breakwater slope, effectively mitigates wave damage and reduces sediment loss from suitable afforestation areas. This prevents shoreline erosion caused by strong waves or altered hydrodynamic conditions due to coastal engineering, thus effectively helping mangrove mudflats resist wave damage and improving mangrove restoration. Specifically, this solution involves driving two layers of wooden piles around the perimeter of the area to be restored to form a breakwater framework. Bamboo mats are then inserted inside the piles to further stabilize the sediment. Finally, oyster shells and silt are intermittently filled into the bamboo mats to form an oyster reef breakwater, effectively mimicking naturally formed oyster reefs. This not only protects mudflat sediment from erosion and rapidly creates suitable mangrove afforestation areas, but also protects the coastline, reduces marine disaster losses, and provides habitat for numerous marine organisms, promoting rapid mangrove ecosystem formation or restoration.

[0016] 2. This plan involves driving two layers of pine stakes outside the area to be restored. This not only effectively dampens waves and stabilizes the mud to prevent the loss of sediment in the area, which is conducive to the restoration of vegetation habitats, but also serves as a boundary marker for the restoration area, providing initial support for the resident animals of the mangrove ecosystem, thereby facilitating the rapid establishment or restoration of the mangrove ecosystem.

[0017] 3. This plan involves selecting two or more types of seedlings for intercropping in suitable tidal flats and arranging them in clusters to simulate natural communities, thereby creating mixed forests of irregular mangrove ecological communities. This effectively improves the seedlings' resilience, biodiversity, protective function, and landscape configuration, thus enhancing the ecological restoration of mangroves.

[0018] Preferably, the driving depth of the pine pile is 2 / 3 of the length of the pine pile.

[0019] Beneficial effects: The above-mentioned setup facilitates the stable fixing of pine piles, and the exposed portion of the pine piles facilitates wave dissipation and mud stabilization. Furthermore, because the elevation of the tidal flats at the two layers of pine pile driving locations is inconsistent, forming an "inner high, outer low" state (i.e., the side closer to the dike is the inner side, and the side farther from the dike is the outer side), even when using pine piles of the same size, length, and driving depth, the resulting protective layer of pine piles at varying heights not only helps to reduce waves at different heights but also provides multi-layered mud stabilization for the mudflats suitable for afforestation, further accelerating the construction of suitable afforestation areas and speeding up the ecological restoration of mangroves.

[0020] Preferably, the thickness of the filling mud is such that the mudflat surface of the area to be repaired is 5-10 cm below the high tide line, and the side of the entire area to be repaired that is closer to the dike is higher than the side that is closer to the ocean.

[0021] Beneficial effects: The above-mentioned setup facilitates the provision of a suitable thickness of mud and sand for mangrove planting, improving the survival rate of seedlings and accelerating the establishment and restoration of the mangrove ecosystem. Furthermore, the mud filling thickness ensures that the mud just covers the mudflat surface during high tide and remains exposed during low tide, providing a periodic flood-receding environment for mangrove seedlings.

[0022] Preferably, the construction of the breakwater also includes preserving the tidal channels naturally formed by the tides between the area to be repaired and the dike, and within the area to be repaired.

[0023] Beneficial effects: The above-mentioned setup facilitates the construction of water flow channels for tidal entry and exit from suitable tidal flats for afforestation, avoiding slow water flow that prolongs the duration of tides and thus prevents the loss of surface sediment from suitable tidal flats for afforestation; it also facilitates the rapid infiltration of seawater into the mudflats after the seawater has submerged the oyster reefs, promoting the growth of mangrove plants.

[0024] Preferably, the seedlings include two or more combinations of Kandelia candel, Rhizophora stylosa, Avicennia marina, Tung tree, Prunus armeniaca, Rhizophora stylosa, Excoecaria agallocha, Pteris vittata, and Pteris vittata.

[0025] Beneficial effects: The above-mentioned setup facilitates planting in the low and mid-tidal zones, accelerating the restoration of the mangrove ecosystem.

[0026] Preferably, during the seedling planting process, the planting density is 1 seedling per square meter for seedlings with a height of 1.5 to 2 meters; and 1 to 2 seedlings per square meter for seedlings with a height of 1 meter.

[0027] Beneficial Effects: This scheme, employing the aforementioned settings, facilitates the optimization of planting density based on plant characteristics. This ensures that artificially planted seedlings can survive and form forests even under the influence of numerous natural disasters in the marine environment, thereby enhancing the ecological restoration effect of mangroves and allowing them to fully play their role as "marine guardians." Limiting the planting area also effectively saves on the cost of planting seedlings. Specifically, for plants with a height of 1 meter, such as *Rhizophora stylosa*, *Rhizophora mukorossi*, and *Kandelia candel*, which are relatively short with narrow crowns, a planting density of 1-2 plants per square meter is ensured. Even under the influence of numerous natural disasters in the marine environment, the planted seedlings can still survive and form forests (91.6% survival rate after three months). Furthermore, the plant density after forest formation meets the requirements for the mangrove ecosystem to function effectively, eliminating the need for additional manpower and resources for replanting, thus further reducing the cost of mangrove ecological restoration.

[0028] Preferably, the interplanting is as follows: after each type of seedling is marked with a string and planted in a hole, 5 to 10 seedlings are planted together to form a plant cluster, and different seedling clusters are randomly interplanted.

[0029] Beneficial effects: The above-mentioned setup facilitates the formation of irregular mixed forests after different seedlings grow, thereby effectively enhancing the stress resistance, biodiversity, protective function, and landscape configuration of seedlings in the mangrove ecosystem.

[0030] Preferably, when planting seedlings, the planting depth is 2-3 cm deeper than the original root zone, and the planting base of hypocotyl seedlings or seedlings has a height variation of 30-50 cm.

[0031] Beneficial Effects: This scheme, employing the above-mentioned settings, allows for deep planting of seedlings, effectively improving their survival rate. It avoids the risks of shallow planting, which makes seedlings vulnerable to wind and wave impacts, leading to lodging or exposed roots and reduced survival. Through long-term experiments, the applicant discovered that if the planting depth is too shallow, the seedlings suffer losses as high as 50% after three months due to repeated tides. Conversely, if the planting depth is too deep, the soil around the seedling roots becomes heavy and sticky, inhibiting root respiration and preventing nutrient absorption. This results in dehydration and wilting, with seedlings failing to develop roots or sprouts, exhibiting weak growth, and in severe cases, root rot and death.

[0032] Preferred options also include (iii) mangrove conservation:

[0033] S6. Regularly clean up debris in the mangrove forest, observe the survival rate of seedlings, maintain the seedlings and replant them in a timely manner, and prevent and control diseases and pests.

[0034] Beneficial effects: The above-mentioned setup facilitates the maintenance of seedlings and the prevention and control of pests and diseases in newly established mangrove forests. This helps the mangrove ecosystem overcome its initial fragile stage and rapidly grow into a mature mangrove ecosystem, fully playing its role as a "guardian of the ocean" and protecting the lives and property of the ocean and coastal residents.

[0035] Preferably, the oyster reef breakwater comprises two layers, namely a first-level oyster reef breakwater and a second-level oyster reef breakwater in the direction of "coast-ocean". A water storage area is formed in the gap between the first-level and second-level oyster reef breakwaters. A planting area is also provided on the first-level and second-level oyster reef breakwaters, which is used to fill the area with biological nutrients.

[0036] Beneficial Effects: This scheme, employing the above-mentioned setup, facilitates the initial growth of mangrove seedlings and accelerates the construction and restoration of the mangrove ecosystem. The specific process is as follows: At high tide, seawater successively submerges the first and second oyster reef breakwaters. On one hand, this replenishes the water storage area; the seawater submerges the first and second oyster reef breakwaters, allowing the pre-planted biological nutrients to quickly regain vitality and grow, attracting more marine plankton and shellfish to reside on the first and second oyster reef breakwaters, forming an oyster reef micro-ecosystem with the biological nutrients in the planting area. On the other hand, the seawater entering the suitable planting area after submerging the first and second oyster reef breakwaters also irrigates the mangrove seedlings. After the tide recedes, some marine life and nutrients die due to lack of water, but organisms at the bottom of the water storage area can continue to survive for a period of time. When waves are generated, the dead nutrients are pushed to suitable planting areas by the impact of the waves, thus replenishing nutrients for the growth of mangrove seedlings. In addition, some of the seawater stored in the water storage area after the tide recedes can also seep into the suitable mangrove planting areas, prolonging the time that suitable planting areas are wetted by seawater, thereby providing a moist living environment for mangrove seedlings, promoting their rapid rooting and growth, which is conducive to improving the early survival rate of mangrove seedlings, reducing the amount of replanting, and lowering costs. When the tide rises again, seawater will enter the water storage area again, which not only replenishes the water storage area, but also promotes the revival of biological nutrients in the water storage area, starting a new round of nutrient supply. This process repeats itself, allowing the biological nutrients in the water storage area to grow and die periodically during the early and middle stages of mangrove seedling growth. This not only prevents excessive reproduction from impacting the marine ecosystem, but also periodically replenishes seawater and biological nutrients to the oyster reef micro-ecosystem and mangrove micro-ecosystem, promoting the rapid construction or restoration of the mangrove ecosystem. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 is a structural cross-sectional view of the mangrove suitable land obtained by the mangrove ecological restoration method based on tidal flat suitable land in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 2 is a real-life image of the completed restoration of a case plot in the mangrove ecological restoration method based on tidal flat suitable for afforestation in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 3 is a real-world image of a case study plot after 3 months of restoration in the mangrove ecological restoration method based on tidal flat suitable for afforestation in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 4 is a structural cross-sectional view of the mangrove suitable land obtained by the mangrove ecological restoration method based on tidal flat suitable land in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 5 is a partial top view of the first-level oyster reef breakwater and the second-level oyster reef breakwater in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments, but the implementation of the present invention is not limited thereto. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the following embodiments and experimental examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art, and the materials and reagents used can all be obtained commercially.

[0043] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings include: 1. Suitable forest land; 2. First-level oyster reef breakwater; 3. Second-level oyster reef breakwater; 31. Water storage area; 4. Pine piles.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] This plan takes the construction and restoration of mangroves on the site of the National Museum of China·Shenzhen (National Museum of China Shenzhen) as an example. The site extends 30-80 meters outward from the newly built revetment (breakwater) on the seaward side. Based on the basic principle of "respecting nature and scientific restoration", it follows the succession law and internal mechanism of mangrove ecosystems to systematically construct and restore the mangrove ecosystem. The restoration scale is 2 hectares, creating a model for ecological restoration of land reclamation.

[0046] This solution provides a method for mangrove ecological restoration based on suitable afforestation land in tidal flats, including the following steps:

[0047] (a) Constructing suitable afforestation land;

[0048] S1, Pine Stakes 4 for Mud Stabilization: Drive two layers of pine stakes 4 at a distance of 30-50cm from the periphery of the area to be restored. The driving depth of the pine stakes 4 is 2 / 3 of the length of the pine stakes 4, to fix the mud in the tidal flat area.

[0049] As a reference, two layers of pine piles were fixed around the National Shen Museum (as shown in Figure 1), which not only effectively prevented wind and waves, but also prepared for subsequent filling and construction of breakwaters.

[0050] S2. Filling mud to construct planting base: Fill the area to be restored with marine mud to construct planting base and obtain 1 tidal flat suitable for afforestation;

[0051] The thickness of the sea mud filling is such that the mudflat surface of the area to be restored is 5-10 cm below the high tide line, and the side of the entire area to be restored that is closer to the dike is higher than the side that is closer to the ocean.

[0052] S3. Construct a breakwater: Insert two layers of bamboo enclosures around the area to be repaired, and fill the bamboo enclosures with oyster shells and silt at intervals to form an oyster reef breakwater.

[0053] Constructing breakwaters also includes preserving naturally formed tidal channels between the area to be repaired and the dike, and within the area to be repaired. This facilitates the construction of water flow channels for the tides to enter and exit the tidal flats suitable for afforestation, preventing the slow water flow from prolonging the duration of the tides and thus causing the loss of surface sediment from the tidal flats suitable for afforestation. It also allows seawater to quickly infiltrate the marine mud of the suitable afforestation area after it has submerged the oyster reef, promoting the growth of mangrove plants.

[0054] (ii) Mangrove planting;

[0055] S4. Seed selection and breeding: Select two or more seedlings for breeding to obtain hypocotyl seedlings or seedlings;

[0056] Seedlings include two or more combinations of the following: Kandelia candel, Red sea olive, Avicennia marina, Paulownia tomentosa, Prunus armeniaca, Rhizoma Rhizoma Cyathulatum, Excoecaria agallocha, Ferns halophila, and Rhizoma Sinapis alba.

[0057] S5. Intercropping: Two or more types of seedlings are planted together by stringing together to obtain mangrove forests.

[0058] During the seedling planting process, the planting density for plants with a height of 1.5 to 2 meters is 1 plant per square meter; the planting density for plants with a height of 1 meter is 1 to 2 plants per square meter.

[0059] Intercropping involves: after marking the planting holes with lines for each type of seedling, planting 5-10 seedlings together to form a plant cluster, and randomly intercropping different seedling clusters.

[0060] When planting seedlings, the planting depth should be 2-3 cm deeper than the original root zone. The planting base of hypocotyl seedlings or seedlings should have varying elevations with a drop of 30-50 cm.

[0061] (III) Mangrove Conservation:

[0062] S6. Regularly clean up debris in the mangrove forest, observe the survival rate of seedlings, maintain the seedlings and replant them in a timely manner, and prevent and control diseases and pests.

[0063] This solution also provides an application of a mangrove ecological restoration method based on suitable tidal flat afforestation land, including the application of the mangrove ecological restoration method based on suitable tidal flat afforestation land in restoring the original mangrove ecosystem or constructing a mangrove ecosystem in a different location.

[0064] This plan specifically describes the construction and restoration of mangroves on the site of the National Museum of China, Shenzhen (Guoshen Museum). After constructing the mangrove ecosystem using the steps and settings of this plan, the actual scene of the mangroves immediately after planting is shown in Figure 2, and the actual scene of the mangroves three months after planting is shown in Figure 3. The seedling survival rate is 91.6%, which is higher than the requirement of "seedling survival rate ≥90% after three months" in the "Guangdong Province Mangrove Ecological Restoration Technical Guidelines". One year after the mangrove construction, the afforestation survival rate is 80.2%, and the afforestation survival rate after two years is 76.8%, which is higher than the requirements of "afforestation survival rate ≥75% after one year and afforestation survival rate ≥70% after two years" in the "Guangdong Province Mangrove Ecological Restoration Technical Guidelines".

[0065] Example 2

[0066] To further improve the survival rate of mangroves and rapidly establish a mangrove ecosystem, this embodiment differs from Embodiment 1 in that, as shown in Figures 4 and 5 (tidal channels omitted), the oyster reef breakwater in this embodiment comprises two layers, namely, a first-level oyster reef breakwater 2 and a second-level oyster reef breakwater 3, arranged sequentially in a "coast-ocean" direction. A water storage area 31 is formed in the pores between the first-level oyster reef breakwater 2 and the second-level oyster reef breakwater 3. A planting area is also provided on the first-level oyster reef breakwater 2 and the second-level oyster reef breakwater 3, which is used to fill the area with biological nutrients. For reference, the biological nutrients can be cyanobacteria or other marine microorganisms.

[0067] To improve the water storage effect of the water storage area 31, an adhesive can be used to bond and fix the oyster reef to form a second-level oyster reef breakwater 3, slowing down the receding rate of seawater in the water storage area 31; alternatively, the second-level oyster reef breakwater 3 can be configured as a partially enclosed ring structure as shown in Figure 3, allowing the water storage area 31 to locally store water, improving wave dissipation, mud stabilization, and local water storage effects, increasing the survival rate of mangrove seedlings in the early stages of planting, and accelerating the construction or restoration of mangrove ecosystems. As a reference, this embodiment specifically configures the second-level oyster reef breakwater 3 as a partially enclosed ring structure as shown in Figure 5, effectively stabilizing the mud.

[0068] This embodiment features a two-tiered oyster reef breakwater. During high tide, seawater successively submerges the first-tier oyster reef breakwater 2 and the second-tier oyster reef breakwater 3. This serves two purposes: firstly, it replenishes the water storage area 31; secondly, the seawater submerges the first-tier oyster reef breakwater 2 and the second-tier oyster reef breakwater 3, allowing the pre-planted biological nutrients to quickly recover their vitality and grow, attracting more marine plankton, shellfish, and other organisms to reside on the first-tier oyster reef breakwater 2 and the second-tier oyster reef breakwater 3, forming an oyster reef micro-ecosystem with the biological nutrients in the planting area; thirdly, the seawater submerging the first-tier oyster reef breakwater 2 and the second-tier oyster reef breakwater 3 enters the suitable afforestation area 1, also irrigating the mangrove seedlings. After the tide recedes, some marine organisms and nutrients die due to lack of water, while the organisms at the bottom of the water storage area 31 can continue to survive for a period of time. When waves are generated, the dead nutrients are pushed to the suitable planting area 1 by the impact of the waves, thus replenishing the nutrients for the growth of mangrove seedlings. In addition, some of the seawater stored in the water storage area 31 after the tide recedes can also seep into the suitable mangrove planting area 1, prolonging the time that the suitable planting area 1 is wetted by seawater, thereby providing a moist living environment for the mangrove seedlings, promoting their rapid rooting and growth, which is conducive to improving the early survival rate of mangrove seedlings, reducing the amount of replanting, and lowering costs. When the tide rises again, seawater will enter the water storage area 31 again, which will not only replenish the water storage area 31, but also promote the revival of the biological nutrients in the water storage area 31, starting a new round of nutrient supply. This process repeats itself, allowing the biological nutrients within the water storage area 31 to grow and die periodically during the early and middle stages of mangrove seedling growth. This not only prevents excessive reproduction from impacting the marine ecosystem but also periodically replenishes seawater and biological nutrients to the oyster reef micro-ecosystem and mangrove micro-ecosystem, promoting the rapid construction or restoration of the mangrove ecosystem.

[0069] Specifically, when mangrove forests are constructed and restored according to the method described in this embodiment, the survival rate of seedlings is 94.9% three months after planting, the forest survival rate is 85.9% one year after construction, and the forest survival rate is 80.4% two years later. This effectively improves the survival rate of mangrove seedlings in the early stage of planting, thereby effectively improving the ecological restoration effect of mangrove forests.

[0070] In summary, this plan, through the rational configuration of pine pile 4 and a two-tiered oyster reef breakwater, effectively enhances the speed of mangrove ecosystem construction and restoration. The specific components and their effects are as follows:

[0071] 1. Multi-layered protective structure effectively enhances wave dissipation and mud stabilization: A first-level oyster reef breakwater 2, a second-level oyster reef breakwater 3, and pine piles 4 are sequentially constructed around the suitable mangrove planting area 1. This effectively reduces the erosion of the suitable mangrove planting area 1 by wind and waves, minimizing the loss of marine mud. Furthermore, at low tide, the first-level and second-level oyster reef breakwaters 2 and 3 prevent marine mud from being carried away by the tide, thus ensuring the stability of the suitable mangrove planting area 1 and achieving the effect of mud stabilization. In addition, the multi-layered protective structure also protects plant seedlings from strong wave erosion, effectively preventing damage to mangrove seedlings during the early and middle stages of planting, improving the survival rate of mangrove seedlings, and accelerating the construction and restoration of the mangrove ecosystem.

[0072] 2. Water Storage Area Promotes Mangrove Seedling Rooting and Forest Formation: This plan creates a water storage area 31 between the first-level oyster reef breakwater 2 and the second-level oyster reef breakwater 3. During low tide, this provides a more stable growth environment for mangrove seedlings and biological nutrients, effectively extending the time that the suitable mangrove planting area 1 is submerged in seawater. This provides a moist environment for the mangrove seedlings, promoting rapid rooting and growth. After the mangrove roots penetrate the mud, the intertwined rootlets further enhance the mud stabilization effect. Furthermore, the biological nutrients constructed on the second-level oyster reef breakwater 3, once dead, can provide nutrients for mangrove growth, which is beneficial for improving the survival rate of mangrove seedlings. Specifically, when algae die or fall off, they are degraded into organic nutrients and minerals, thereby increasing the nutrients in the soil and water, which is beneficial for mangrove seedlings to obtain the nutrients needed for growth.

[0073] 3. Constructing a coastal micro-ecosystem and optimizing the marine ecological environment: The materials used in the protective structure of this plan are mainly wooden piles and oyster reefs, which will not cause pollution to the marine environment and marine life. Secondly, the construction of two layers of oyster reefs can attract more marine plankton to form an oyster reef micro-ecosystem. When the tide recedes, some organisms die, which can become nutrients for mangrove growth and will not easily lead to overpopulation. Furthermore, the formation of the micro-ecosystem can further improve the stability of the second-level oyster reef breakwater 3, improve its ability to resist extreme weather such as typhoons, and form a natural symbiotic relationship with the mangroves, which is conducive to promoting the growth and reproduction of organisms in the mangrove-oyster reef ecosystem, thereby effectively optimizing the marine ecological environment.

[0074] 4. Reduced construction difficulty and cost: The protective structure of this scheme is mainly composed of wooden stakes and oyster reefs, which are not only easy to construct, reducing construction costs; but also, as the mangrove ecosystem gradually forms, the role of human-assisted restoration for mangrove growth gradually weakens. At this time, since the protective structure of this scheme is mainly composed of wooden stakes and oyster reefs, it does not need to be dismantled and recycled, and will not pollute the ocean, thus reducing labor costs and reducing some maintenance costs.

[0075] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention, and common knowledge such as specific technical solutions and / or characteristics are not described in detail here. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the technical solutions of the present invention, and these should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. These modifications and improvements will not affect the effectiveness of the implementation of the present invention or the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection claimed in this application should be determined by the content of its claims, and the specific embodiments described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for mangrove ecological restoration based on tidal flats suitable for afforestation, characterized in that: The steps include: (I) Constructing suitable afforestation land; S1, Pine stake stabilization: Drive two layers of pine stakes 30-50cm away from the periphery of the area to be restored. The driving depth of the pine stakes is 2 / 3 of the length of the pine stakes, and the elevation of the tidal flats at the two layers of pine stakes is inconsistent, forming an "inner higher than outer lower" state, to stabilize the marine mud in the tidal flat area; S2, Filling mud to construct planting base: Fill the area to be restored with marine mud to construct a planting base and obtain suitable afforestation land in the tidal flats; S3, Constructing breakwater: Insert two layers of bamboo fences around the periphery of the area to be restored, and fill the bamboo fences with oyster shells and silt at intervals. Mud is used to form oyster reef breakwaters. These breakwaters consist of two layers, arranged sequentially from coast to ocean: a first-level breakwater and a second-level breakwater. A water storage area is formed in the gaps between the first and second-level breakwaters. Planting areas are also located on both breakwaters, used to cultivate biological nutrients. The process is as follows: During high tide, seawater replenishes the water storage area, and the submersion allows the pre-planted biological nutrients to quickly regain their vitality and grow. This attracts more marine plankton and shellfish, forming an oyster reef micro-ecosystem with the biological nutrients in the planting area. After the tide recedes, some marine organisms and nutrients die due to lack of water, but organisms at the bottom of the water storage area can continue to survive for a period of time. When waves occur, the dead biological nutrients are pushed to suitable planting areas by the impact of the waves, thus replenishing nutrients for the growth of mangrove seedlings. When the tide rises again, seawater will enter the water storage area again, not only replenishing the water storage area but also promoting the revival of biological nutrients in the water storage area, starting a new round of nutrient supply. (ii) Mangrove planting; S4. Seed selection and breeding: Select two or more seedlings for breeding to obtain hypocotyl seedlings or seedlings; S5. Combined planting: Use intercropping to plant two or more seedlings by stringing together to obtain mangroves; The intercropping is as follows: After stringing together each type of seedling to determine the planting hole, 5 to 10 seedlings are planted together to form a plant cluster, and different seedling clusters are randomly intercropped; When planting seedlings, the planting depth of the seedlings is 2 to 3 cm deeper than the original root zone, and the planting base of hypocotyl seedlings or seedlings is distributed with varying heights, with a drop of 30-50 cm.

2. The method for mangrove ecological restoration based on tidal flats suitable for afforestation as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the filling mud is such that the tidal flat surface of the area to be restored is 5-10 cm below the high tide line, and the side of the entire area to be restored that is closer to the dike is higher than the side that is closer to the ocean.

3. The method for mangrove ecological restoration based on tidal flats suitable for afforestation as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Constructing breakwaters also includes preserving naturally formed tidal channels between the area to be repaired and the dike, and within the area to be repaired.

4. The method for mangrove ecological restoration based on tidal flats suitable for afforestation as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The seedlings include two or more combinations of the following: Kandelia candel, Rhizophora stylosa, Avicennia marina, Tung tree, Prunus armeniaca, Rhizophora mukorossi, Excoecaria agallocha, Pteris vittata, and Pteris vittata.

5. The method for mangrove ecological restoration based on tidal flat suitable for afforestation as described in claim 4, characterized in that: During the seedling planting process, the planting density for plants with a height of 1.5 to 2 meters is 1 plant per square meter; the planting density for plants with a height of 1 meter is 1 to 2 plants per square meter.

6. The method for mangrove ecological restoration based on tidal flats suitable for afforestation as described in claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes (iii) mangrove maintenance: S6, regularly clean up debris in the mangroves, observe the survival of seedlings, maintain the seedlings and replant them in a timely manner, and prevent and control diseases and pests.

Images