A method for artificially assisting the rearing of short-headed bumblebees

Abstract

The application provides a method for artificially assisting short-headed bumblebee larva rearing, and relates to the technical field of bumblebee rearing. The method for artificially assisting short-headed bumblebee larva rearing is mainly as follows: a small bee group, an egg-producing bee group and a rearing bee group are established, bee eggs with a production time less than 2 hours are collected in the egg-producing bee group, small larvae are obtained after artificial hatching, the artificially hatched larvae are transferred into egg bags of the rearing bee group from which eggs and larvae are removed, and the larvae are reared to adult bees by the rearing bee group. The method provides an egg, egg hatching and larva rearing method for the research on the biological characteristics of the egg structure, embryonic development, genetic variation and gene function of the short-headed bumblebee. The application creates a bumblebee young age artificial rearing technical mode, and provides controllable test materials and a rearing method for the research on the biological characteristics of the bumblebee.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bumblebee breeding technology, specifically to a breeding and management method for artificially assisted hatching of eggs and raising of larvae in the early stages of short-headed bumblebee. Background Technology

[0002] Bombs (Bombus spp.) are important pollinating insects in natural ecosystems. Bombard farming for crop pollination is a key technology in modern green agricultural production. As primary social insects, bombs also serve as important model organisms in various experimental studies. The short-headed bomb (Bombus breviceps) is a native pollinating bee species selected and domesticated in my country in recent years. It is widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of southern my country, exhibiting strong colony activity, long lifespan, and high polymorphism in body color patterns. Furthermore, there are significant differences in body color pattern polymorphism between populations in different regions, indicating clear geographical regionalization. Therefore, under completely controlled closed-environment rearing conditions, the short-headed bomb is an excellent model insect for studying the biological characteristics of bombs, including egg structure, embryonic development, genetic variation, and gene function.

[0003] The short-headed bumblebee is a primary social insect with complete metamorphosis. In its natural state, the queen bumblebee emerges from hibernation and independently visits flowers to forage, selects a nest location, lays eggs, raises larvae, and expands the colony, then reproduces to produce queen offspring to continue the lineage. The larvae, unable to move freely in their early stages, require the female adult bee to provide nest, cells, food, and nurture them through incubation, feeding, insulation, and protection until they develop into adults. The egg is the first stage of short-headed bumblebee development. The female adult bee typically first secretes wax to build an egg case, then lays 3-9 eggs within it. After laying the eggs, she quickly covers the egg case with a wax blanket, then rests on it to generate heat, promoting the development of larvae, which are then raised into adults. In its natural state, because the eggs are constantly encased in the beeswax-covered egg case and protected by the female bee, the developmental changes of the eggs cannot be directly observed. Biological research experiments often face obstacles due to the need for technical processing of eggs. Observation and manipulation are inconvenient, and the uncontrollable changes during the egg stage limit experiments conducted during this period. Furthermore, bumblebee egg sacs are damaged after being opened or treated experimentally, such as through microinjection or irradiation. When released back into the colony, these eggs are likely to be removed by worker bees, while the larvae will signal a need for nurturing by adult females, thus increasing their chances of survival. This invention provides a method for artificially assisted rearing of bumblebee larvae, providing an experimental basis for biological research on bumblebee egg structure, embryonic development, genetic variation, and gene function. It also holds significant importance for the integration of molecular biology bumblebee gene editing technology. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In response to the shortcomings of existing technologies and the need for research on the biological characteristics of bumblebees, this invention provides a method for artificially assisting the rearing of short-headed bumblebees, thereby solving the problems existing in the background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution:

[0006] A method for artificially assisting the rearing of short-headed bumblebees, the method comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Establish egg-laying bee colonies and nursery bee colonies, mark them, and raise them under the same conditions;

[0008] S2. Collect bumblebee eggs of appropriate age: The established bee colony is placed in a nesting box in a dark room and fed bee pollen and sugar water to induce the queen or worker bees in the small bee colony to build nests and lay eggs on the nest base. The development of the bee colony is observed and recorded every day. After the bee colony lays the first batch of eggs, the egg pack is opened, the eggs are emptied, and then the bee colony is waited for to lay eggs again at a fixed time to collect the eggs of appropriate age.

[0009] S3. Artificial assisted incubation: Use tweezers to transfer the bee eggs of the appropriate age laid by the queen bee or worker bees from the egg pack to a sterile culture dish, and incubate them in an incubator. Observe the development of the bee eggs daily and remove dead eggs in time.

[0010] S4. Transferring larvae to the nurse colony: After the bee eggs hatch into larvae, first isolate the worker bees of the nurse colony, remove all their eggs and larvae, and then immediately transfer the artificially hatched larvae to the egg pack of the nurse colony that has removed the eggs and larvae. Then, return the artificially hatched larvae to the original worker bees of the nurse colony to feed them.

[0011] Preferably, the egg-laying bee colony in step S1 is a queenless colony composed of worker bees, or a queen bee colony composed of either virgin queen bees or potential queen bees; the queenless bee colony composed of worker bees, the beehives for establishing the egg-laying bee colony and the bee-rearing bee colony are of the same size and specifications, and a beeswax-coated wooden board of the same size that can be freely placed in or removed is placed in the hive as the nest base.

[0012] Preferably, the method for establishing a queenless colony composed of worker bees for laying eggs is the same as that for establishing a queenless colony composed of worker bees for raising bees: worker bees that are agile, have good fur color and have not lost hair are selected from a short-headed bumblebee colony with the same genetic background, and are placed in an empty beehive for mixed rearing for 2 hours. Then, several worker bees are placed in a rearing box to form a queenless colony, and the size of one worker bee in the queenless colony is controlled to be significantly larger than the other worker bees.

[0013] Preferably, the method for establishing a queen bee colony composed of virgin queen bees and worker bees is as follows: the virgin queen and worker bees are from the same colony. After selecting the colony, the emergence time of the virgin queen is recorded. After the virgin queen is 12 days old, she is captured and placed in a sealed container, filled with carbon dioxide to suffocate her. After 30 minutes, fresh air is introduced to allow her to wake up. One queen bee and 2-8 worker bees that are agile, have good fur color, and have not lost hair are placed in the same rearing box.

[0014] Preferably, the method for establishing a queen bee colony composed of queen bees and processed queen bees is as follows: After the queen bee that has successfully mated is released from diapause, it is placed in a well-ventilated and well-lit plastic box where the queen bee will not escape. At the same time, sugar water is placed in the box for the queen bee to eat freely. The plastic box is placed in a well-lit place to allow the queen bee to move around for 5 days. One queen bee is then raised in one beehive. After 7 days, 2-8 young short-headed bumblebee worker bees are added to each beehive to establish the colony.

[0015] Preferably, the method for collecting bee eggs of appropriate age in step S2 is as follows: after the egg-laying bee colony is established, feed it daily, check and record the development of the bee colony, isolate worker bees or queen bees after the bee colony lays eggs, remove the nest base, and then use sterilized pointed tweezers to open the egg pack and clean the eggs, keeping the wax coating of the egg pack intact. Put it back into the nest base, put in worker bees or queen bees, and start timing for 1.5 hours. In a room with a temperature of 25-29℃, isolate the queen bee and worker bees, remove the nest base, and use sterilized pointed tweezers to open the wax coating of the egg pack and take out the eggs. Only the eggs taken out within 30 minutes are kept. After the eggs are taken out, arrange them neatly in a sterile culture dish coated with beeswax and put it in a constant temperature incubator for incubation.

[0016] Preferably, the control conditions for artificial incubation in step S3 are as follows: in a light-free environment, the temperature is maintained at 32.5-34.5℃ with an accuracy of ±0.5℃, and the relative humidity is 75-85% with an accuracy of ±5%.

[0017] Preferably, the processing method in step S4 includes the following steps:

[0018] S4-1. Remove and isolate all worker bees from the hive in the brood colony, take out the nest base, find all the egg packs on the nest base, use sterilized pointed tweezers to peel off the wax coating on the surface of the egg packs, keeping the wax coating relatively intact, then remove the eggs inside the egg packs and remove all larvae;

[0019] S4-2. In a room with a temperature of 25-29℃, transfer the artificially hatched larvae to the egg packs of the nurse bee colony prepared in S4-1 as soon as possible within 4 hours after hatching. Place more than one larva in each egg pack, then re-seal the wax pack, leaving a small hole or gap, not completely sealing it. After placing the nest base back into the original beehive for 10 minutes, return the worker bees of the original colony that were isolated outside the beehive to the original beehive.

[0020] S4-3. Ten minutes after the worker bees of the brood colony are returned to the hive, check whether the worker bees have repaired and reinforced the egg pack containing the larvae. Check again one day later whether the worker bees have secreted wax again around the egg pack and whether the larval pack has developed and grown. During the process, keep the bee colony well fed.

[0021] This invention provides a method for artificially assisting the rearing of short-headed bumblebees, which has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0022] This invention obtains bumblebee eggs of the same age through methods such as colony organization, egg age control, artificial incubation, and larval replacement. After the bumblebee eggs are artificially incubated into larvae, the larvae are transferred to a nurse colony to replace the parent offspring of the nurse colony and are then raised into adult bees. This ensures that the experimental treatment of bumblebee eggs is not affected by natural biology, increases the probability of subsequent development into adult bees, and provides an experimental basis for studying the embryonic development, genetic variation, and gene function of short-headed bumblebee eggs. At the same time, it can eliminate the step of artificially feeding bumblebee larvae in the experiment. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of bumblebee eggs inside the egg case in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the oocytes before and after oocyte transfer in Embodiment 1 of the present invention, where the left side is before oocyte transfer and the right side is after oocyte transfer;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the use of tweezers to transfer larvae into the egg case in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of repairing egg capping in a bee colony during embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of worker bees placed for 10 minutes in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Example 1:

[0030] A method for artificially assisting the rearing of bumblebees includes the following steps:

[0031] 1.1 Establishing egg-laying and nursery colonies

[0032] Beforehand, thin wooden boards coated with beeswax after steaming were selected as the nest base, which could be placed in the hive and easily removed to facilitate subsequent operations. Fifteen colonies of short-headed bumblebees with intact queen wings, normal egg-laying, and more than 50 worker bees were selected, along with 12 queen bees that had successfully mated in the previous stage and awakened from diapause.

[0033] (1) Select 180 worker bees with agile movement, good fur color and complete down from 10 colonies of short-headed bumblebees. Place them in an empty beehive with sugar water and feed them together for 2 hours. Then, form a colony of 3 worker bees (one large and two small worker bees). 30 colonies are used as egg-laying colonies and 30 colonies are used as nursery colonies.

[0034] (2) The virgin queen and worker bees are from the same bee colony. After selecting the bee colony, record the time when the virgin queen emerges from the cell. After the virgin queen is 12 days old, capture her in a sealed container and fill it with carbon dioxide to suffocate her. After 30 minutes, put her in fresh air and wait for her to wake up. Then, put one queen bee and two worker bees that are agile, have good fur color and have not lost hair into the same feeding box.

[0035] (3) Twelve potential queen bees were placed in well-ventilated, well-lit plastic boxes where the queens would not escape. Sugar water was provided for them to eat freely. The boxes were placed in well-lit areas to allow the queens to move around for five days. After that, one queen bee was placed in one hive. Seven days later, two young short-headed bumblebee worker bees were added to each hive. The bee colonies established above were fed in a dark room with a temperature of 29±1℃ and a humidity of 60±5%, at 10:00 AM every day, while the egg-laying situation was checked.

[0036] 1.2 Collect bumblebee eggs of appropriate age

[0037] After the bee colony is established, feed it daily and check and record its development. After the egg-laying colony lays eggs, isolate the worker bees or queen bees, remove the honeycomb base, and then use sterilized pointed tweezers to open the egg sac and clean the eggs, ensuring the wax coating of the egg sac is not completely destroyed. Place it back into the honeycomb base, add worker bees or queen bees, and start timing. After 1.5 hours, in a room at 27℃, isolate the queen bees and worker bees, remove the honeycomb base, and use sterilized pointed tweezers to open the wax coating of the egg sac and remove the eggs, keeping only the eggs removed within 30 minutes. After removal, arrange the eggs neatly in a sterile petri dish coated with beeswax and place it in a constant temperature incubator for incubation.

[0038] 1.3 Artificial Incubation

[0039] Place the bee eggs neatly arranged in a petri dish and incubate them in an artificial climate with no light, maintaining a temperature of 33.5±0.5℃ and a relative humidity of 85±5%.

[0040] 1.4 Artificially transferring larvae to the rearing bee colony for rearing

[0041] (1) Select a brood colony that is about to lay eggs. First, remove and isolate all worker bees from the hive, take out the nest base, find all the egg packs on the nest base, use sterilized pointed tweezers to peel off the wax coating on the surface of the egg pack, keep the wax coating relatively intact, then remove the eggs in the egg pack and remove all larvae.

[0042] (2) In a room with a room temperature of 27°C, the artificially hatched larvae are transferred to the egg pack of the nurse colony where the eggs and larvae have been removed as soon as possible within 4 hours after hatching. Three larvae are placed in each egg pack. The wax is then resealed, leaving small holes or gaps, not completely sealed. The nest base is placed back into the original hive. After 10 minutes, the larvae have been exposed to the scent of the nurse colony. The worker bees of the original nurse colony that were isolated outside the hive are then placed back into the original hive. The hive is then covered. The worker bees will sense the state of the egg pack and the larvae inside, repair the egg pack, or determine whether the larvae need to be fed or kept warm, so as to prevent the larvae from starving to death due to lack of feeding for a long time.

[0043] (3) Ten minutes after the worker bees of the brood colony are returned to the hive, check whether the worker bees have repaired and reinforced the egg pack containing the larvae. If all the larvae are abandoned, it is necessary to re-transfer the larvae. Check whether the worker bees have secreted wax again on the edge of the egg pack and the development of the larvae pack every other day. Ensure that there is enough feed during the process.

[0044] 1.5 After replacing the larvae with new markers, the bee colony should be kept in a dark room with a controlled temperature of 29.0±1℃ and humidity of 60±5%. The colony should be fed and checked daily, and supplemented with feed until the adult bees emerge from the cells.

[0045] Example 2:

[0046] A method for artificially assisting the rearing of bumblebees includes the following steps:

[0047] 1.1 Establishing egg-laying and nursery colonies

[0048] Beforehand, thin wooden boards coated with beeswax after steaming were selected, which could be placed in the beehive and easily removed, to serve as the nest base for subsequent operations. In advance, 20 colonies of short-headed bumblebees with intact queen wings, normal egg-laying, and more than 50 worker bees were selected, along with 12 queen bees that had successfully mated in the previous stage and were in diapause and awakening.

[0049] (1) Select 360 worker bees with agile movements, good fur color and complete down from 15 colonies of short-headed bumblebees. Place them in an empty beehive with sugar water and feed them together for 2 hours. Then, form a colony of 6 worker bees (1 of which is significantly larger than the other 5). 30 colonies are used as egg-laying colonies and 30 colonies are used as nursery colonies.

[0050] (2) The virgin queen and worker bees are from the same bee colony. After selecting the bee colony, record the time when the virgin queen emerges from the cell. After the virgin queen is 12 days old, capture her in a sealed container and fill it with carbon dioxide to suffocate her. After 30 minutes, put her in fresh air and wait for her to wake up. Then, put one queen bee and five worker bees that are agile, have good fur color and have not lost hair into the same feeding box.

[0051] (3) Twelve potential queen bees were placed in well-ventilated and well-lit plastic boxes that would prevent the queen bees from escaping. Sugar water was also provided for them to eat freely. The plastic boxes were placed in a well-lit place to allow the queen bees to move around for five days. After that, one queen bee was kept in one beehive. After seven days, five young short-headed bumblebee worker bees were added to each beehive.

[0052] The bee colonies established above were fed in a dark room with a temperature of 29±1℃ and a humidity of 60±5%, at 10:00 every day, while the egg-laying situation was checked.

[0053] 1.2 Collect bumblebee eggs of appropriate age

[0054] After the egg-laying colony is established, feed it daily and check and record its development. After the colony lays eggs, isolate the worker bees or queen bee, remove the honeycomb base, and then use sterilized pointed tweezers to open the egg sac and clean the eggs, ensuring the wax coating of the egg sac is not completely destroyed. Place it back into the honeycomb base, add worker bees or queen bee, and start timing. After 1.5 hours, in a room at 27℃, isolate the queen bee and worker bees, remove the honeycomb base, and use sterilized pointed tweezers to open the wax coating of the egg sac and remove the eggs, keeping only the eggs removed within 30 minutes. After removal, arrange the eggs neatly in a sterile culture dish coated with beeswax and place it in a constant temperature incubator for incubation.

[0055] 1.3 Artificial Incubation

[0056] Place the bee eggs neatly arranged in a petri dish and incubate them in an artificial climate with no light, maintaining a temperature of 32.0±0.5℃ and a relative humidity of 80±5%.

[0057] 1.4 Artificially transferring larvae to the rearing bee colony for rearing

[0058] (1) Select a brood colony that is about to lay eggs. First, remove and isolate all worker bees from the hive, take out the nest base, find all the egg packs on the nest base, use sterilized pointed tweezers to peel off the wax coating on the surface of the egg pack, keep the wax coating relatively intact, then remove the eggs in the egg pack and remove all larvae.

[0059] (2) In a room with a room temperature of 27°C, the artificially hatched larvae are transferred to the egg pack of the nurse colony where the eggs and larvae have been removed as soon as possible within 4 hours after hatching. One larva is placed in each egg pack. The wax is then resealed, leaving a small hole or gap, not completely sealed. The nest base is placed back into the original hive. After 10 minutes, the larvae have been exposed to the scent of the nurse colony. The worker bees of the original nurse colony that were isolated outside the hive are placed back into the original hive. The hive is then covered. The worker bees will sense the state of the egg pack and larvae, repair the egg pack, or determine whether the larvae need to be fed or kept warm, so as to prevent the larvae from starving to death due to lack of feeding for a long time.

[0060] (3) Ten minutes after the worker bees of the brood colony are returned to the hive, check whether the worker bees have repaired and reinforced the egg pack containing the larvae. If all the larvae are abandoned, it is necessary to re-transfer the larvae. Check the worker bees every other day to see if they have re-secreted wax and repaired the egg pack, as well as the development of the larvae. Ensure that there is enough feed during the process.

[0061] 1.5 After replacing the larvae with new markers, the bee colony should be kept in a dark room with a controlled temperature of 29.0±1℃ and humidity of 60±5%. The colony should be fed and checked daily, and supplemented with feed until the adult bees emerge from the cells.

[0062] Example 3:

[0063] 1.1 Establishing egg-laying and nursery colonies

[0064] Beforehand, thin wooden boards coated with beeswax after steaming were selected, which could be placed in the beehive and easily removed, to serve as the nest base for subsequent operations. In advance, 30 colonies of short-headed bumblebees with intact queen wings, normal egg-laying, and more than 50 worker bees were selected, along with 12 queen bees that had successfully mated in the previous stage and were in diapause and awakening.

[0065] (1) Select 540 worker bees with agile movements, good fur color and complete down from 25 colonies of short-headed bumblebees. Place them in a plastic box and raise them together for 2 hours. Then, form a colony of 9 worker bees (1 of which is significantly larger than the other 8). 30 colonies are used as egg-laying colonies and 30 colonies are used as nursery colonies.

[0066] (2) The virgin queen and worker bees are from the same bee colony. After selecting the bee colony, record the time when the virgin queen emerges from the cell. After the virgin queen is 12 days old, capture her in a sealed container and fill it with carbon dioxide to suffocate her. After 30 minutes, put her in fresh air and wait for her to wake up. Then, put one queen bee and eight worker bees that are agile, have good fur color and have not lost hair into the same feeding box.

[0067] (3) Twelve potential queen bees were placed in well-ventilated and well-lit plastic boxes that would prevent the queen bees from escaping. Sugar water was also provided for them to eat freely. The plastic boxes were placed in a well-lit place to allow the queen bees to move around for five days. After that, one queen bee was kept in one beehive. After seven days, eight young short-headed bumblebee worker bees were added to each beehive.

[0068] The bee colonies established above were fed in a dark room with a temperature of 28±1℃ and a humidity of 60±5%, at 10:00 every day, while the egg-laying situation was checked.

[0069] 1.2 Collect bumblebee eggs of appropriate age

[0070] After the egg-laying colony is established, feed it daily and check and record its development. After the colony lays eggs, isolate the worker bees or queen bee, remove the honeycomb base, and then use sterilized pointed tweezers to open the egg sac and clean the eggs, ensuring the wax coating of the egg sac is not completely destroyed. Place it back into the honeycomb base, add worker bees or queen bee, and start timing. After 1.5 hours, in a room at 27℃, isolate the queen bee and worker bees, remove the honeycomb base, and use sterilized pointed tweezers to open the wax coating of the egg sac and remove the eggs, keeping only the eggs removed within 30 minutes. After removal, arrange the eggs neatly in a sterile culture dish coated with beeswax and place it in a constant temperature incubator for incubation.

[0071] 1.3 Artificial Incubation

[0072] Place the bee eggs into a culture dish with neatly arranged eggs in a dark artificial climate and incubate them at a temperature of 34.5±0.5℃ and a relative humidity of 90±5%.

[0073] 1.4 Artificially transferring larvae to the rearing bee colony for rearing

[0074] (1) Select a brood colony that is about to lay eggs. First, remove and isolate all worker bees from the hive, take out the nest base, find all the egg packs on the nest base, use sterilized pointed tweezers to peel off the wax coating on the surface of the egg pack, keep the wax coating relatively intact, then remove the eggs in the egg pack and remove all larvae.

[0075] (2) In a room with a room temperature of 27°C, the artificially hatched larvae are transferred to the egg pack of the nurse colony where the eggs and larvae have been removed as soon as possible within 4 hours after hatching. Five larvae are placed in each egg pack. The wax is then resealed, leaving small holes or gaps, not completely sealed. The nest base is placed back into the original hive. After 10 minutes, the larvae have been exposed to the scent of the nurse colony. The original nurse worker bees that were isolated outside the hive are then placed back into the original hive. The hive is then covered. The worker bees will sense the condition of the egg pack and larvae, repair the egg pack, or determine whether the larvae need to be fed or kept warm, so as to prevent the larvae from starving to death due to lack of feeding for a long time.

[0076] (3) Ten minutes after the worker bees of the brood colony are returned to the hive, check whether the worker bees have repaired and reinforced the egg pack containing the larvae. If all the larvae are abandoned, it is necessary to re-transfer the larvae. Check whether the worker bees have secreted wax again on the edge of the egg pack and the development of the larvae pack every other day. Ensure that there is enough feed during the process.

[0077] 1.5 After replacing the larvae with new markers, the bee colony should be kept in a dark room with a controlled temperature of 29.0±1℃ and humidity of 60±5%. The colony should be fed and checked daily, and supplemented with feed until the adult bees emerge from the cells.

[0078] The hatching rate of bumblebee eggs and the emergence rate of adult bees after larvae transfer in the experimental colonies of Examples 1-3 above were detected and recorded. The specific results are shown in the table below:

[0079]

[0080] Note: For comparisons within the same column, different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05), while identical letters indicate no significant differences (P > 0.05).

[0081] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method of artificially assisted brood rearing of short-headed bumblebees, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1, assembling the egg-laying bee colony and the rearing bee colony, marking, and feeding under the same conditions; The egg-laying bee colony is a queenless colony composed of worker bees or a queened colony composed of any one of virgin queen bees and worker bees and queen-like worker bees; the rearing bee colony is a queenless colony composed of worker bees, the bee boxes for assembling the egg-laying bee colony and the rearing bee colony are of the same size, and wood boards of the same size coated with beeswax are placed in the bee boxes as nest bases which can be freely put in or taken out; The method for assembling the egg-laying bee colony composed of the queenless colony of worker bees and the rearing bee colony composed of the queenless colony of worker bees is as follows: worker bees with agile movements, better hair color and no hair loss are taken from short-headed bear bee colonies with the same genetic background, and are uniformly placed in empty bee boxes for mixed feeding for 2 hours, then a plurality of worker bees are placed in one feeding box to form a queenless bee colony, and the body size of the worker bees in the queenless bee colony is controlled, wherein one worker bee is obviously larger than the rest; The method for assembling the egg-laying bee colony composed of the queened colony of virgin queen bees and worker bees is as follows: the source of the virgin queen bees and the worker bees is the same bee colony, the time when the virgin queen bees leave the house is recorded after the bee colony is selected, the virgin queen bees are taken into airtight containers after 12 days of age, carbon dioxide is filled to make them suffocate, fresh air is put in after 30 minutes to make them wake up, then one queen bee and 2-8 worker bees with agile movements, better hair color and no hair loss are placed in the same feeding box; The method for assembling the egg-laying bee colony composed of the queened colony of queen-like worker bees is as follows: after the queen bees successfully mate, the queen bees are placed in a plastic box with ventilation and light transmission, the queen bees will not escape, and sugar water is also placed in the plastic box for free feeding, the plastic box is placed in a place with sufficient light to let the queen bees move for 5 days, then one queen bee is fed in one bee box, and 2-8 short-headed bear bee young worker bees are added to each bee box after 7 days; S2, collecting suitable age bear bee eggs: the assembled bee colony is placed in a nest building box in a dark room and fed with bee pollen and sugar water to induce the queen bees or worker bees in the small bee colony to build nests and lay eggs on the nest base, the development of the bee colony is observed and recorded every day; after the first batch of eggs is laid by the bee colony, the egg package is opened, the bee eggs are emptied, and then the bee colony is waited for laying eggs again to collect suitable age bee eggs within a fixed time; S3, artificial auxiliary hatching: the suitable age bee eggs laid by the queen bees or worker bees are moved from the egg package to a sterile culture dish with tweezers, and hatching is carried out in a culture box, the development of the bee eggs is observed every day, and the dead eggs are removed in time; S4, moving the insects to the rearing bee colony: after the bee eggs are hatched into larvae, the worker bees of the rearing bee colony are isolated first, all the eggs and larvae are removed, then the artificially hatched larvae are transferred to the egg package of the rearing bee colony from which the eggs and larvae have been removed, and the original worker bees of the rearing bee colony are put back to nurse the artificially hatched larvae.

2. A method of artificially assisted brood rearing of short-headed bumblebees according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for collecting the eggs of the appropriate age bees in the step S2 is as follows: after the establishment of the egg-laying bee colony, the development of the bee colony is checked and recorded every day, after the egg-laying of the bee colony, the worker bees or the queen bees are isolated, the nest base is taken out, then the egg package is opened with the sterilized sharp forceps, the eggs are removed, the wax coating of the egg package is kept from being completely damaged, the egg package is put back into the nest base, the worker bees or the queen bees of the same colony which are isolated in advance are put back into the nest base, and the time is started to count 1.5 hours, then the queen bees and the worker bees are isolated in a room with a room temperature of 25-29℃, the eggs are taken out from the egg package after the opening of the wax coating of the egg package with the sterilized sharp forceps, only the eggs taken out within 30 minutes are reserved, and the eggs are arranged in sterile culture dishes coated with beeswax, and then the eggs are put into an incubator for incubation.

3. The method of artificially rearing short-headed bumble bees according to claim 1, wherein: The control conditions of the artificial assisted egg incubation in the step S3 are as follows: in a light-free environment, the temperature is kept at 32.5-34.5℃ with an accuracy of ±0.5℃, and the relative humidity is 75-85% with an accuracy of ±5%.

4. The method of artificially rearing short-headed bumble bees according to claim 1, wherein, The processing method in the step S4 includes the following steps: S4-1, all the worker bees in the rearing bee colony are removed from the beehive and isolated, the nest base is taken out, all the egg packages on the nest base are found, the wax coating on the surface of the egg package is opened with the sterilized sharp forceps, the wax coating is kept relatively complete, then the eggs in the egg package are removed, and all the larvae are removed; S4-2, in a room with a room temperature of 25-29℃, the larvae obtained by artificial incubation are transferred into the egg package of the rearing bee colony prepared in S4-1 as soon as possible within 4 hours after the incubation, more than one larva is put into each egg package, the wax coating is covered again, a small hole or gap is left, the egg package is not completely sealed, the nest base is put back into the original beehive after 10 minutes, and the worker bees of the original colony isolated outside the beehive are put back into the original beehive; S4-3, after the worker bees of the rearing colony are put back into the beehive for 10 minutes, it is checked whether the worker bees repair and reinforce the egg package with the larvae, whether the worker bees re-secrete wax on the edge of the egg package, and whether the larvae package develops and grows, and the feeding of the bee colony is kept sufficient during the process.

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