Composite impact drilling tool

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical fields of petroleum drilling downhole tools, and discloses a composite impact drilling tool, which comprises a pipe body, an impact anvil, an impact hammer, a guide, an impeller, a sleeve, an impact ring, a lower joint and an eccentric connecting rod. A first step surface and a second step surface are sequentially arranged on the inner side of the upper part of the pipe body from top to bottom. The lower end of the pipe body is fixedly connected with the lower joint. The present application has reasonable and compact structure. The drilling fluid enters the guide through the pipe body and impacts the impeller, so that the impeller drives the rotation of the axle. After the rotation of the axle, the eccentric connecting rod drives the impact hammer to move downward and impact the impact ring. Then, the drill bit installed at the lower end of the lower joint impacts the stratum. The impact of the impact hammer can be directly applied to the drill bit, the transmission efficiency of the impact force is improved, the rock breaking effect of the drill bit is improved, the oil exploitation is accelerated and the efficiency is improved, and the present application has the advantages of easy processing and assembly, low maintenance cost and high impact frequency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of downhole tools technology for oil drilling, and is a composite percussion drilling tool. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous expansion of energy development and scientific drilling, drilling workloads are increasing in areas such as onshore deep and ultra-deep well drilling, deep-water and offshore drilling, shale oil / gas extraction, geothermal resource development, continental scientific drilling, and polar exploration. Well depths are constantly increasing, encountering older strata with poor rock drillability, and drilling conditions are becoming increasingly complex, including high temperature, high pressure, high density, and high corrosion. Traditional drilling methods suffer from low drilling efficiency, short drill bit life, and long construction cycles when encountering hard rock formations, thus creating an urgent need for technologies to accelerate drilling in hard formations.

[0003] Percussion drilling, as a highly efficient rock-breaking technology, has always been a key focus for improving drilling speed, reducing costs, and enhancing efficiency in oil drilling. Increased well depth leads to encountering strata spanning multiple geological eras, exhibiting significant formation variations, and complex stratigraphy. Simultaneously, influenced by formation compaction and metamorphism, deep formations exhibit high compressive strength and high abrasiveness, resulting in extremely low mechanical drilling rates using conventional methods. To address the challenges of slow drilling rates in deep formations, insufficient cutting depth of PDC drill bits, and stick-slip vibration, domestic and international scholars have recently conducted research on axial and torsional percussion drilling tools, achieving some speed-up effects. However, traditional percussion drilling tools primarily rely on unidirectional impact, meaning the impact load is periodically applied in the axial or torsional direction of the drill bit, which has limitations. To address the shortcomings of unidirectional percussion drilling tools, domestic and international scholars have developed axial-torsional composite percussion drilling tools. Although field tests have shown good application results, their complex structure and numerous sealing components make them unsuitable for ultra-deep, high-temperature environments. Therefore, developing composite percussion drilling tools that are simple in structure, easy to maintain, and suitable for ultra-deep well drilling is the only way to further accelerate, reduce costs, and increase efficiency.

[0004] Although existing unidirectional impact tools and shaft-torsion combined impact tools can improve mechanical drilling speed to some extent, the following technical problems still exist: 1. Unidirectional impact drilling tools have limitations. While existing axial impact drilling tools can increase the cutting depth of PDC cutting teeth, when drilling into hard formations, the increased cutting depth leads to a significant increase in cutting resistance. The drill bit is prone to torque accumulation and release due to insufficient cutting force, ultimately resulting in reduced drilling speed and shortened drill bit life. Although torsional impact drilling tools can increase the drill bit cutting force to quickly cut and break rocks and reduce or eliminate stick-slip vibration, to achieve the ideal cutting depth, torsional impact tools often require a larger pressure on the drill bit.

[0005] Existing shaft-torsion composite impact drilling tools are complex in structure, high in cost, and short in life. Their complex structure often incorporates disc springs, piston seals, and other components that are prone to wear and tear, resulting in short lifespans. Furthermore, the high precision required for some parts leads to high maintenance costs, contributing to the overall high application cost. Additionally, the piston seals are prone to failure in the high-temperature environment of ultra-deep wells. To achieve axial or torsional impact, existing shaft-torsion composite impact drilling tools typically employ complex flow channel designs.

[0006] Some circumferential impact drilling tools are prone to falling into the well, which in turn leads to increased drilling costs.

[0007] Based on the above situation, it is of great significance to provide a composite impact drilling tool that is simple in structure, long in life, and easy to install and replace. Summary of the Invention

[0008] This invention provides a composite impact drilling tool that overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art. It can effectively solve the problems of low impact force and limited application of existing unidirectional impact drilling tools, the risk of well falling in some circumferential impact drilling tools, and the complex structure, high cost, short life and unsuitable sealing device for ultra-deep well high-temperature drilling of axial-torsion composite impact drilling tools.

[0009] The technical solution of this invention is achieved through the following measures: A composite impact drilling tool includes a pipe body, an impact anvil, a hammer, a guide, an impeller, a sleeve, an impact ring, a lower connector, and an eccentric connecting rod. The upper inner side of the pipe body is provided with a first stepped surface and a second stepped surface sequentially from top to bottom. A lower connector is sealed and fixedly installed on the lower inner side of the pipe body. A tubular impact anvil, whose upper end contacts the second stepped surface, is sealed and fixedly installed on the upper inner side of the lower connector. A hollow guide is installed between the first stepped surfaces on the lower inner side of the impact anvil. The upper inner side of the guide... The device is equipped with an impeller, and a wheel shaft with sealed ends that passes through the outer side of the guide is fixedly installed in the center of the impeller. The outer side of the guide has an outer ring groove, and a sleeve is fitted inside the outer ring groove. The outer side of the sleeve at the corresponding ends of the wheel shaft has a radially penetrating rotating hole. An impact ring fitted on the outer side of the upper end of the impact anvil is fixedly installed. A tubular impact hammer is fitted on the outer side of the upper part of the sleeve. An eccentric connecting rod is installed between the two ends of the wheel shaft and the corresponding positions on the inner side of the impact hammer. When the wheel shaft rotates, the impact hammer moves downward and collides with the upper end of the impact ring, and then moves upward.

[0010] The following are further optimizations and / or improvements to the above-mentioned technical solution: The aforementioned eccentric connecting rod may include a guide block, a limiting rod, and a connecting rod. Guide blocks are fixedly installed on the outer sides of both ends of the wheel axle. Each guide block has a transverse guide groove on the side away from the end of the wheel axle. A connecting rod that is fixedly installed on the inner side of the punch is slidably installed in each guide groove. A transverse limiting rod is fixed on the guide block at the upper and lower positions of the corresponding guide groove.

[0011] Each of the aforementioned impact hammers at each link position can be fixed with a vertical fan-shaped limiting plate on its outer side, and a limiting block corresponding to the limiting plate can be fixed on the inner side of the impact anvil.

[0012] The aforementioned guide may include a drainage tube and a core tube. The outer side of the lower end of the core tube is fixedly installed together with the inner side of the lower end of the impact anvil. A drainage tube is sealed between the upper end of the core tube and the first step surface. The lower end of the drainage tube and the upper end of the core tube at the corresponding positions of the two ends of the wheel axle are provided with semi-circular mounting grooves. Sealed bearings are sealed between the outer sides of both ends of the wheel axle and the inner wall of the mounting groove.

[0013] The inner side of the upper end of the above-mentioned drainage tube can be a conical surface that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom, and there is a third step surface on the outer side of the upper part of the drainage tube corresponding to the upper end of the hammer.

[0014] A throttling nozzle is detachably and fixedly installed on the inner side of the lower part of the core tube.

[0015] The lower end of the aforementioned lower connector is fixed with a limiting ring platform whose upper end contacts the lower end of the tube body. A limiting ring groove is provided on the inner side of the tube body corresponding to the upper end of the lower connector. The lower outer side of the impact anvil has a fourth step surface that contacts the upper end of the lower connector. Symmetrically arranged semi-rings are provided between the limiting ring groove and the upper outer side of the lower connector. The upper end of each semi-ring contacts the fourth step surface. At least one sealing element is provided between the outer side of the lower connector and the inner side of the tube body at intervals between the semi-rings and the limiting ring platform.

[0016] This invention features a reasonable and compact structure. After the drilling fluid enters the guide component through the pipe body, it impacts the impeller, causing the impeller to drive the shaft to rotate. After the shaft rotates, it drives the hammer to move downward through the eccentric connecting rod and strike the impact ring. This, in turn, drives the drill bit installed at the lower end of the lower connector to impact the formation. The impact of the hammer can be directly applied to the drill bit, improving the transmission efficiency of the impact force and thus improving the rock-breaking effect of the drill bit. This achieves faster and more efficient oil extraction and has the advantages of easy processing and assembly, low maintenance cost, and high impact frequency. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Appendix Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the front cross-sectional structure of the present invention.

[0018] Appendix Figure 2 For the appendix Figure 1 Enlarged cross-sectional view of section AA.

[0019] Appendix Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the impeller in this invention.

[0020] Appendix Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the punch hammer in this invention.

[0021] The codes in the attached diagram are as follows: 1 is the tube body, 2 is the impact anvil, 3 is the impeller, 4 is the sleeve, 5 is the impact ring, 6 is the first step surface, 7 is the second step surface, 8 is the lower connector, 9 is the wheel shaft, 10 is the impact hammer, 11 is the guide block, 12 is the limiting rod, 13 is the connecting rod, 14 is the guide groove, 15 is the rotating hole, 16 is the limiting block, 17 is the limiting plate, 18 is the drainage pipe, 19 is the core tube, 20 is the sealed bearing, 21 is the third step surface, 22 is the throttling nozzle, 23 is the limiting ring platform, 24 is the fourth step surface, 25 is the half ring, and 26 is the seal. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and the specific implementation can be determined according to the technical solution of the present invention and the actual situation.

[0023] In this invention, for ease of description, the description of the relative positions of the components is based on the appendix to the specification. Figure 1 The layout is described using a diagrammatic method, such as front, back, top, bottom, left, right, etc. The positional relationships are determined based on the layout direction of the attached diagram in the instruction manual.

[0024] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments and accompanying drawings: As attached Figure 1 , 2As shown in Figures 3 and 4, this composite impact drilling tool includes a pipe body 1, an impact anvil 2, a hammer 10, a guide, an impeller 3, a sleeve 4, an impact ring 5, a lower connector 8, and an eccentric connecting rod. The upper inner side of the pipe body 1 has a first stepped surface 6 and a second stepped surface 7 arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The lower inner side of the pipe body 1 is sealed and fixedly installed with the lower connector 8. The upper inner side of the lower connector 8 is sealed and fixedly installed with a tubular impact anvil 2 whose upper end contacts the second stepped surface 7. A hollow guide is installed between the first stepped surfaces 6 on the lower inner side of the impact anvil 2. An impeller 3 is provided on the upper inner side of the guide. A wheel axle 9, sealed at both ends and passing through the outer side of a guide member, is fixedly installed in the center. An outer annular groove is provided on the outer side of the guide member, and a sleeve 4 is fitted inside the outer annular groove. Radial through-holes 15 are provided on the outer side of the sleeve 4 corresponding to both ends of the wheel axle 9. An impact ring 5, fitted onto the outer side of the sleeve 4, is fixedly installed on the inner side of the upper end of the impact anvil 2. A tubular impact hammer 10 is fitted onto the outer side of the upper part of the sleeve 4. An eccentric connecting rod is installed between the two ends of the wheel axle 9 and the corresponding positions on the inner side of the impact hammer 10, allowing the impact hammer 10 to move downwards and collide with the upper end of the impact ring 5 before moving upwards in a reciprocating motion. Depending on the requirements, the inner side of the upper part of the impact anvil 2 has an upper stepped surface, and the impact ring 5 is fixed on the upper stepped surface. The rotating hole 15 can be a rectangular hole. During use, the drilling fluid enters the guide through the pipe body 1 and impacts the impeller 3, causing the impeller 3 to drive the wheel shaft 9 to rotate. After the wheel shaft 9 rotates, it drives the hammer 10 to move downward through the eccentric connecting rod and impact the impact ring 5. This, in turn, drives the drill bit installed at the lower end of the lower connector 8 to impact the formation. The impact of the hammer 10 can be directly applied to the drill bit, improving the transmission efficiency of the impact force and thus improving the rock breaking effect of the drill bit. This achieves faster and more efficient oil extraction. The invention has a reasonable and compact structure and has the advantages of easy processing and assembly, low maintenance cost, and high impact frequency.

[0025] The above-mentioned composite percussion drilling tools can be further optimized and / or improved according to actual needs: As attached Figure 2 , 3As shown in Figure 4, the eccentric connecting rod includes a guide block 11, a limiting rod 12, and a connecting rod 13. Guide blocks 11 are fixedly installed on the outer sides of both ends of the wheel axle 9. Each guide block 11 has a transverse guide groove 14 on the side away from the end of the wheel axle 9. A connecting rod 13, which is fixedly installed to the inner side of the punch 10, is slidably installed in each guide groove 14. Transverse limiting rods 12 are fixed to the guide blocks 11 at the upper and lower positions corresponding to the guide grooves 14. According to requirements, after the wheel axle 9 rotates, there is a gap between the central axes of the two connecting rods 13 and the central axis of the wheel axle 9, and both connecting rods 13 are on the same side of the wheel axle 9. Under the action of the gravity of the punch 10 and the impeller 3, the connecting rod 13 reciprocates up and down within the guide groove 14. During use, by setting the guide groove 14 and connecting rod 13, when the drilling fluid flows through the impeller 3, it can drive the wheel shaft 9 to rotate. The wheel shaft 9 drives the guide block 11 to rotate. After the guide block 11 rotates, the connecting rod 13 moves up and down in the guide groove 14. After moving downward, it can drive the hammer 10 to hit the impact ring 5, and then drive the pipe body 1 to impact the drill bit connected to the lower connector 8, thereby improving the drilling effect. The setting of the limit rod 12 can disengage the connecting rod 13 from the guide groove 14 during the upward movement from the lower end, which also facilitates the installation of the connecting rod 13 and the wheel shaft 9.

[0026] As attached Figure 2 , 4 As shown, a vertical fan-shaped limiting plate 17 is fixed to the outer side of the hammer 10 corresponding to each link 13 position, and a limiting block 16 corresponding to the limiting plate 17 is fixed to the inner side of the impact anvil 2. According to requirements, the two limiting plates 17 are located on both sides of the wheel axle 9 and are centrally symmetrically distributed. During use, the limiting plates 17 and limiting blocks 16 can limit the hammer 10. When the hammer 10 moves downward to the upper end of the impact ring 5, it rotates due to the action of the eccentric connecting rod before moving upward. The hammer 10 rotates during its upward movement after impacting the impact ring 5, thus allowing the limiting block 16 and limiting plate 17 to collide, and also enabling the drill bit to produce a circumferential impact effect on the formation.

[0027] As attached Figure 1 , 2As shown, the guide includes a drainage tube 18 and a core tube 19. The outer side of the lower end of the core tube 19 is fixedly installed together with the inner side of the lower end of the impact anvil 2. The drainage tube 18 is sealed between the upper end of the core tube 19 and the first step surface 6. The lower end of the drainage tube 18 and the upper end of the core tube 19 at the corresponding ends of the wheel axle 9 are provided with semi-circular mounting grooves. Sealed bearings 20 are sealed between the outer sides of both ends of the wheel axle 9 and the inner wall of the mounting groove. According to the requirements, the upper end of the drainage tube 18 is in sealed contact with the first step surface 6, and the lower end of the drainage tube 18 is in sealed contact with the upper end of the core tube 19. The mounting groove at the lower end of the drainage tube 18 and the mounting groove at the upper end of the core tube 19 can form a circular hole. The outer ring groove is formed by an upper groove on the outer side of the lower end of the drainage tube 18 and a lower groove on the outer side of the upper end of the core tube 19. During use, the sealed bearing 20 can prevent wear between the wheel shaft 9, the drainage pipe 18, and the core tube 19, and can also prevent drilling fluid leakage. This design facilitates the disassembly and maintenance of the impeller 3, reducing maintenance costs.

[0028] As attached Figure 1 As shown, the inner side of the upper end of the drainage pipe 18 is a conical surface that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom. Corresponding to the upper end of the hammer 10, the outer side of the upper part of the drainage pipe 18 has a third stepped surface 21. During use, the conical surface of the inner side of the upper end of the drainage pipe 18 can increase the flow rate of the drilling fluid in the drainage pipe 18, thereby accelerating the rotational speed of the impeller 3. This can increase the energy of the hammer 10 impacting the impact ring 5, thereby improving the rock-breaking effect of the drill bit connected to the lower connector 8. The third stepped surface 21 can limit the movement of the hammer 10.

[0029] As attached Figure 1 As shown, a throttling nozzle 22 is detachably and fixedly installed on the lower inner side of the core tube 19. Depending on the requirements, an inner annular groove is provided on the lower inner side of the core tube 19, and a lower stepped surface is provided on the inner side of the core tube 19 corresponding to the position above the inner annular groove. The upper end of the throttling nozzle 22 contacts the lower stepped surface, and the outer side of the lower end of the throttling nozzle 22 is screwed together with the inner side of the core tube 19. A retaining spring is installed in the inner annular groove, with its upper end contacting the lower end of the throttling nozzle 22. During use, by setting the throttling nozzle 22, drilling fluid flowing out from the core tube 19 and the throttling nozzle 22 can generate high-speed drilling fluid, which can assist the drill bit in breaking rock.

[0030] As attached Figure 1 , 2As shown, a limiting ring platform 23 with its upper end in contact with the lower end of the tube body 1 is fixed on the outer side of the lower end of the lower connector 8. A limiting ring groove is provided on the inner side of the tube body 1 corresponding to the upper end of the lower connector 8. A fourth step surface 24 with its upper end in contact with the upper end of the lower connector 8 is provided on the outer side of the lower part of the impact anvil 2. Symmetrically arranged semi-rings 25 are provided between the limiting ring groove and the outer side of the upper end of the lower connector 8. The upper end of each semi-ring 25 is in contact with the fourth step surface 24. At least one sealing element 26 is provided at intervals between the outer side of the lower connector 8 and the inner side of the tube body 1 at the position between the semi-rings 25 and the limiting ring platform 23. According to requirements, the seal 26 is a known metal seal. A threaded connection is made between the outer side of the lower end of the core tube 19 and the inner side of the lower end of the impact anvil 2. A threaded connection is also made between the outer side of the lower end of the impact anvil 2 and the inner side of the upper end of the lower connector 8. Hexagonal disassembly and assembly grooves are provided on the inner side of the lower end of the throttling nozzle 22, the inner side of the lower end of the core tube 19, and the inner side of the lower end of the impact anvil 2 to facilitate the disassembly and assembly of the throttling nozzle 22, the core tube 19, and the impact anvil 2. During use, the seal 26 enables the invention to be applied to the high-temperature environment of ultra-deep wells. The semi-ring 25 and the fourth step surface 24 facilitate the installation and positioning of the impact anvil 2.

[0031] The above technical features constitute the embodiments of the present invention, which have strong adaptability and implementation effect. Unnecessary technical features can be added or removed according to actual needs to meet the needs of different situations.

Claims

1. A composite impact drilling tool, characterized in that... The device includes a tube body, an impact anvil, a hammer, a guide, an impeller, a sleeve, an impact ring, a lower connector, and an eccentric connecting rod. The upper inner side of the tube body has a first step surface and a second step surface from top to bottom. The lower inner side of the tube body is sealed and fixedly installed with a lower connector. The upper inner side of the lower connector is sealed and fixedly installed with a tubular impact anvil whose upper end contacts the second step surface. A hollow guide is installed between the first step surfaces on the lower inner side of the impact anvil. An impeller is provided on the upper inner side of the guide. A wheel shaft with both ends sealed and passing through the outside of the guide is fixedly installed in the center of the impeller. An outer ring groove is provided on the outside of the guide. A sleeve is fitted in the outer ring groove. A radially penetrating rotating hole is provided on the outer side of the sleeve corresponding to the two ends of the wheel shaft. An impact ring fitted on the outside of the sleeve is fixedly installed on the upper inner side of the impact anvil. A tubular hammer is fitted on the upper outer side of the sleeve. An eccentric connecting rod with reciprocating motion is installed between the two ends of the wheel shaft and the corresponding positions on the inner side of the hammer. When the wheel shaft rotates, the hammer moves downward and collides with the upper end of the impact ring before moving upward. The eccentric connecting rod includes a guide block, a limiting rod, and a connecting rod. Guide blocks are fixedly installed on the outer sides of both ends of the wheel axle. Each guide block has a transverse guide groove on the side away from the end of the wheel axle. A connecting rod that is fixedly installed on the inner side of the punch is slidably installed in each guide groove. Transverse limiting rods are fixed on the guide blocks at the upper and lower positions of the corresponding guide grooves. A vertical fan-shaped limiting plate is fixed on the outside of the hammer corresponding to each link position, and a limiting block corresponding to the limiting plate is fixed on the inside of the impact anvil. There is a gap between the central axes of the two connecting rods and the central axis of the wheel axle, and the two connecting rods are on the same side of the wheel axle.

2. The composite impact drilling tool according to claim 1, characterized in that... The guide includes a drainage tube and a core tube. The outer side of the lower end of the core tube is fixedly installed together with the inner side of the lower end of the impact anvil. A drainage tube is sealed between the upper end of the core tube and the first step surface. The lower end of the drainage tube and the upper end of the core tube at the corresponding positions of the two ends of the wheel axle are provided with semi-circular mounting grooves. Sealed bearings are sealed between the outer sides of both ends of the wheel axle and the inner wall of the mounting groove.

3. The composite impact drilling tool according to claim 2, characterized in that... The inner side of the upper end of the drainage tube is a conical surface that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom. The outer side of the upper part of the drainage tube corresponding to the upper end of the hammer has a third step surface.

4. The composite impact drilling tool according to claim 2, characterized in that... A throttling nozzle is detachably and fixedly installed on the inner side of the lower part of the core tube.

5. The composite impact drilling tool according to claim 3, characterized in that... A throttling nozzle is detachably and fixedly installed on the inner side of the lower part of the core tube.

6. The composite impact drilling tool according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, characterized in that... A limiting ring platform is fixed on the outer side of the lower end of the lower connector, with its upper end in contact with the lower end of the pipe body. A limiting ring groove is provided on the inner side of the pipe body corresponding to the upper end of the lower connector. A fourth step surface is provided on the outer side of the lower part of the impact anvil, which is in contact with the upper end of the lower connector. Symmetrically arranged semi-rings are provided between the limiting ring groove and the outer side of the upper end of the lower connector. The upper end of each semi-ring is in contact with the fourth step surface. At least one sealing element is provided at intervals between the outer side of the lower connector and the inner side of the pipe body at the position corresponding to the position between the semi-rings and the limiting ring platform.

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