A device compartment of a rail vehicle, a rail vehicle and a control method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of equipment cabin of rail vehicle, rail vehicle and control method, it is related to rail vehicle technical field.Equipment cabin of rail vehicle includes shell and the equipment being set in shell, first inlet and outlet are provided in the front end of shell along the direction of vehicle travel, second inlet and outlet are provided in the rear end of shell along the direction of vehicle travel.In use the equipment cabin of rail vehicle provided by the present application, when vehicle runs, the front end of equipment cabin of rail vehicle is high pressure area, and the rear end is low pressure area, since first inlet and outlet are provided in the front end of shell along the direction of vehicle travel, second inlet and outlet are provided in the rear end of shell along the direction of vehicle travel, gas can enter by first inlet and outlet, flow through equipment cabin of rail vehicle and flow out by second inlet and outlet, airflow flows from positive pressure area to negative pressure area, can realize natural convection, not only meet the ventilation demand of equipment in equipment cabin of rail vehicle, but also can significantly reduce vehicle aerodynamic drag.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rail vehicle technology, and more specifically, to an equipment compartment for a rail vehicle. Furthermore, this invention also relates to a rail vehicle including the aforementioned equipment compartment and a control method for the equipment compartment of the aforementioned rail vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, in order to lower the center of gravity of the vehicle and improve the stability of the vehicle operation, the equipment in high-speed rail vehicles is generally installed at the bottom of the car body. In order to ensure the safety of the equipment under high-speed operation conditions and reduce the aerodynamic drag of the whole vehicle, high-speed rail vehicles are equipped with an equipment compartment, which seals the equipment inside the equipment compartment.

[0003] In operation, the traction converter, traction transformer, and traction motor inside the equipment compartment of a rail vehicle all require ventilation and cooling. To ensure adequate airflow for cooling, ventilation openings need to be designed on the surface of the equipment compartment. To reduce the entry of external environmental pollutants into the equipment compartment, filtration equipment must be installed at the ventilation openings, and the equipment compartment must maintain a certain degree of airtightness. Currently, the ventilation openings in the equipment compartments of existing high-speed rail vehicles are generally designed on the sides of the compartment. The dust filter grilles of these openings have uneven areas, significantly increasing the aerodynamic drag of the equipment compartment. If the number of ventilation openings in the equipment compartment is reduced to decrease aerodynamic drag, the ventilation volume will be insufficient to meet the equipment cooling requirements.

[0004] In summary, how to provide a rail vehicle equipment compartment that can both meet the ventilation requirements of the equipment inside the compartment and reduce aerodynamic drag is a problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an equipment compartment for a rail vehicle, wherein a first air inlet and outlet and a second air inlet and outlet are respectively located at both ends of the outer shell in the direction of vehicle travel, so that the gas can achieve natural convection, which can meet the ventilation requirements of the equipment in the equipment compartment of the rail vehicle while reducing the aerodynamic resistance of the equipment compartment of the rail vehicle.

[0006] Another object of the present invention is to provide a rail vehicle including the equipment compartment of the above-mentioned rail vehicle and a control method for the equipment compartment of the above-mentioned rail vehicle.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] An equipment compartment for a rail vehicle includes an outer shell and equipment disposed within the outer shell. A first air inlet / outlet is provided on the front end face of the outer shell along the vehicle's travel direction, and a second air inlet / outlet is provided on the rear end face of the outer shell along the vehicle's travel direction. When the vehicle is in motion, the airflow entering the outer shell through the first air inlet / outlet can be discharged through the second air inlet / outlet.

[0009] Optionally, both the first air inlet / outlet and the second air inlet / outlet are provided with filter grilles;

[0010] Optionally, both the first air inlet / outlet and the second air inlet / outlet are equipped with heating wires and snowproof grilles.

[0011] Optionally, the first air inlet and the second air inlet are symmetrically arranged about the middle section of the outer casing (1), and the middle section is arranged perpendicular to the vehicle's driving direction.

[0012] Optionally, the system also includes a controller. The bottom of the housing is provided with a ventilation hole, and an openable ventilation device is installed at the ventilation hole. The ventilation device includes several rotatable blades. The ventilation device is connected to the controller, which is used to control the blades to rotate to the open state when the equipment compartment of the rail vehicle is under high pressure.

[0013] Optionally, the ventilation device further includes a power structure connected to the controller, wherein there are multiple blades, and the multiple blades are evenly distributed along the length direction of the ventilation hole, and the power structure is used to drive all the blades to rotate synchronously.

[0014] Optionally, it also includes an internal pressure sensor for detecting the pressure inside the equipment compartment of the rail vehicle and an external pressure sensor for detecting the external pressure inside the equipment compartment of the rail vehicle.

[0015] Both the internal pressure sensor and the external pressure sensor are connected to the controller.

[0016] When the difference between the internal pressure detected by the internal pressure sensor and the external pressure detected by the external pressure sensor is greater than or equal to a first preset pressure difference, the controller controls the power structure to drive all the blades to rotate to the open state.

[0017] When the difference between the internal pressure detected by the internal pressure sensor and the external pressure detected by the external pressure sensor is less than the first preset pressure difference, the controller controls the power structure to drive all the blades to rotate to the closed state.

[0018] Optionally, it also includes a speed sensor for detecting vehicle speed, the speed sensor being connected to the controller;

[0019] When the difference between the internal pressure detected by the internal pressure sensor and the external pressure detected by the external pressure sensor is greater than or equal to a first preset pressure difference;

[0020] When the speed information detected by the speed sensor is greater than a preset minimum speed and less than or equal to a preset maximum speed, the controller controls the power structure to drive the blade to rotate to a first preset angle;

[0021] When the speed information detected by the speed sensor is greater than the preset maximum speed, the controller controls the power structure to drive the blade to rotate to a second preset angle;

[0022] When the speed information detected by the speed sensor is less than or equal to a preset minimum speed, the controller controls the power structure to drive the blade to rotate to a third preset angle;

[0023] The second preset angle is greater than the first preset angle, the first preset angle is greater than the third preset angle, and the first preset angle, the second preset angle, and the third preset angle are all angles between the location of the blade and the blade when it is in a closed state.

[0024] A control method, applied to the equipment compartment of the aforementioned rail vehicle, the control method comprising:

[0025] The internal pressure detected by the internal pressure sensor and the external pressure detected by the external pressure sensor are obtained.

[0026] Determine whether the difference between the internal pressure and the external pressure is greater than or equal to a first preset pressure difference. If yes, proceed to the next step; otherwise, control the ventilation device to be in a closed state.

[0027] Obtain the speed information detected by the speed sensor;

[0028] Determine whether the speed information is greater than a preset minimum speed and less than or equal to a preset maximum speed. If yes, control the blade to rotate to a first preset angle; otherwise, proceed to the next step.

[0029] Determine whether the speed information is greater than the preset maximum speed. If yes, control the blade to rotate to the second preset angle; otherwise, proceed to the next step.

[0030] Control the blade to rotate to a third preset angle;

[0031] The second preset angle is greater than the first preset angle, the first preset angle is greater than the third preset angle, and the first preset angle, the second preset angle, and the third preset angle are all angles between the location of the blade and the blade when it is in a closed state.

[0032] A rail vehicle includes a main body and an equipment compartment as described in any of the preceding claims, wherein the equipment compartment is located at the lower part of the main body.

[0033] When using the equipment compartment of the rail vehicle provided by this invention, the front end of the equipment compartment is a high-pressure area and the rear end is a low-pressure area during vehicle operation. Since a first air inlet / outlet is provided at the front end of the outer shell along the vehicle's travel direction and a second air inlet / outlet is provided at the rear end of the outer shell along the vehicle's travel direction, gas can enter through the first air inlet / outlet, flow through the equipment compartment of the rail vehicle, and then flow out through the second air inlet / outlet. The airflow flows from the positive pressure area to the negative pressure area, which can achieve natural convection and meet the ventilation requirements of the equipment in the equipment compartment of the rail vehicle.

[0034] In addition, after setting the first air inlet and the second air inlet at the front and rear ends of the equipment compartment of the rail vehicle, the positive pressure intensity at the front end of the equipment compartment of the rail vehicle is reduced, and the negative pressure intensity at the rear end is also reduced. This eliminates the pressure difference between the front and rear ends of the equipment compartment of the rail vehicle, which can significantly reduce the aerodynamic drag of the equipment compartment of the rail vehicle and reduce the energy consumption of the train.

[0035] Furthermore, the present invention also provides a rail vehicle including the equipment compartment of the aforementioned rail vehicle and a control method for the equipment compartment of the aforementioned rail vehicle. Attached Figure Description

[0036] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0037] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of the equipment compartment of the rail vehicle provided by the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing the installation location of the equipment compartment in the rail vehicle provided by the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the grilles at the first and second air inlets / outlets.

[0040] Figure 4 for Figure 3A magnified view of part A in the middle;

[0041] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the ventilation system.

[0042] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a ventilation device with its blades in a closed state;

[0043] Figure 7 for Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a ventilation device with its blades in the open position;

[0044] Figure 8 for Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the included angle of the middle blades and the direction of vehicle travel;

[0045] Figure 9 The curve showing the change in surface pressure of a rail vehicle as it passes through a tunnel;

[0046] Figure 10 This is a flowchart illustrating the control method provided by the present invention.

[0047] Figures 1-10 middle:

[0048] 1 is the outer shell, 11 is the first air inlet and outlet, 12 is the second air inlet and outlet, 13 is the filter grille, 14 is the heating wire, 15 is the snowproof grille, 2 is the ventilation device, and 21 is the blade. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] The core of this invention is to provide an equipment compartment for a rail vehicle, in which a first air inlet and outlet and a second air inlet and outlet are respectively located at both ends of the outer shell in the direction of vehicle travel, so that the gas can achieve natural convection, which can meet the ventilation requirements of the equipment in the equipment compartment of the rail vehicle while reducing the aerodynamic resistance of the equipment compartment of the rail vehicle.

[0051] Another core aspect of this invention is to provide a rail vehicle including the equipment compartment of the aforementioned rail vehicle, and a control method for the equipment compartment of the aforementioned rail vehicle.

[0052] Please refer to Figures 1 to 10 .

[0053] This specific embodiment discloses an equipment compartment for a rail vehicle, including an outer shell 1 and equipment disposed within the outer shell 1. A first air inlet / outlet 11 is provided on the front end face of the outer shell 1 along the vehicle travel direction, and a second air inlet / outlet 12 is provided on the rear end face of the outer shell 1 along the vehicle travel direction. When the vehicle is in motion, the airflow entering the outer shell 1 through the first air inlet / outlet 11 can be discharged through the second air inlet / outlet 12.

[0054] It should be noted that, during vehicle operation, in order to adapt to the reciprocating travel situation, when traveling in the forward direction, the first air inlet / outlet 11 is located at the front end of the vehicle's travel direction, and the second air inlet / outlet 12 is located at the rear end of the vehicle's travel direction. Gas enters through the first air inlet / outlet 11, passes through the equipment compartment of the rail vehicle, and exits through the second air inlet / outlet 12. When the vehicle returns, the second air inlet / outlet 12 is located at the front end of the vehicle's travel direction, and the first air inlet / outlet 11 is located at the rear end of the vehicle's travel direction. Gas enters through the second air inlet / outlet 12, passes through the equipment compartment of the rail vehicle, and exits through the first air inlet / outlet 11.

[0055] When using the equipment compartment of the rail vehicle provided in this specific embodiment, the front end of the equipment compartment is a high-pressure area and the rear end is a low-pressure area during vehicle operation. Since the outer shell 1 is provided with a first air inlet / outlet 11 at the front end along the vehicle's travel direction and a second air inlet / outlet 12 at the rear end along the vehicle's travel direction, gas can enter through the first air inlet / outlet 11, flow through the equipment compartment of the rail vehicle, and then flow out through the second air inlet / outlet 12. The airflow flows from the positive pressure area to the negative pressure area, which can achieve natural convection and meet the ventilation requirements of the equipment in the equipment compartment of the rail vehicle.

[0056] In addition, after the first air inlet / outlet 11 and the second air inlet / outlet 12 are respectively set at the front and rear ends of the equipment compartment of the rail vehicle, the positive pressure intensity at the front end of the equipment compartment of the rail vehicle is weakened, and the negative pressure intensity at the rear end is also weakened. This eliminates the pressure difference between the front and rear ends of the equipment compartment of the rail vehicle, which can significantly reduce the aerodynamic drag of the equipment compartment of the rail vehicle and reduce the energy consumption of the train.

[0057] Furthermore, the outer shell 1 of the equipment compartment of the rail vehicle can include a front end plate and a rear end plate, with a first air inlet / outlet 11 disposed on the front end plate and a second air inlet / outlet 12 disposed on the rear end plate. The front end plate is located at the front end of the outer shell 1 in the direction of vehicle travel, and the rear end plate is located at the rear end of the outer shell 1 in the direction of vehicle travel. It should be noted that the front end and rear end in this specific embodiment are relative. When the vehicle returns, the front end and rear end of the vehicle will be interchanged.

[0058] Based on the above embodiments, filter grilles 13 can be provided in both the first air inlet / outlet 11 and the second air inlet / outlet 12 to filter the gas entering the first air inlet / outlet 11 and the second air inlet / outlet 12, so as to prevent impurities from entering the equipment compartment of the rail vehicle.

[0059] Furthermore, heating wires 14 and snow grilles 15 can be provided at both the first air inlet / outlet 11 and the second air inlet / outlet 12. In the event of snow accumulation or snowy weather, the snow grilles 15 can prevent snowflakes from entering the equipment compartment of the rail vehicle, and the heating wires 14 can heat the snow accumulated on the snow grilles 15 at the first air inlet / outlet 11 and the second air inlet / outlet 12 to prevent the snow from blocking the first air inlet / outlet 11 and the second air inlet / outlet 12.

[0060] like Figure 2 As shown, the first air inlet / outlet 11 and the second air inlet / outlet 12 can be symmetrically arranged about the middle section of the outer casing. This middle section is arranged perpendicular to the vehicle's driving direction to meet the air requirements when the vehicle is traveling back and forth.

[0061] In one specific embodiment, the equipment compartment of the rail vehicle also includes a controller. The bottom of the outer shell 1 is provided with a ventilation hole, and an openable ventilation device 2 is installed at the ventilation hole. The ventilation device 2 includes several rotatable blades 21. The ventilation device 2 is connected to the controller, which is used to control the blades 21 to rotate to the open state when the equipment compartment of the rail vehicle is under high pressure.

[0062] The ventilation device 2 also includes a power structure connected to the controller. There are multiple blades 21, and the multiple blades 21 are evenly distributed along the length of the ventilation hole. The power structure is used to drive all blades 21 to rotate synchronously. The equipment compartment of the rail vehicle also includes an internal pressure sensor for detecting the pressure inside the equipment compartment of the rail vehicle and an external pressure sensor for detecting the external pressure inside the equipment compartment of the rail vehicle. Both the internal pressure sensor and the external pressure sensor are connected to the controller.

[0063] When the difference between the internal pressure detected by the internal pressure sensor and the external pressure detected by the external pressure sensor is greater than or equal to a first preset pressure difference, the controller controls the power structure to drive all the blades to rotate to the open state.

[0064] When the difference between the internal pressure detected by the internal pressure sensor and the external pressure detected by the external pressure sensor is less than the first preset pressure difference, the controller controls the power structure to drive all the blades to rotate to the closed state.

[0065] It should be noted that in this specific embodiment, the first preset pressure difference value is a pre-set pressure difference value, which can be determined according to the actual situation.

[0066] It also includes a speed sensor for detecting vehicle speed, which is connected to the controller; when the difference between the internal pressure detected by the internal pressure sensor and the external pressure detected by the external pressure sensor is greater than or equal to a first preset pressure difference; when the speed information detected by the speed sensor is greater than a preset minimum speed and less than or equal to a preset maximum speed, the controller controls the power structure to drive the blade 21 to rotate to a first preset angle.

[0067] When the speed information detected by the speed sensor is greater than the preset maximum speed, the controller controls the power structure to drive the blade 21 to rotate to the second preset angle;

[0068] When the speed information detected by the speed sensor is less than or equal to the preset minimum speed, the controller controls the power structure to drive the blade 21 to rotate to the third preset angle;

[0069] The second preset angle is greater than the first preset angle, the first preset angle is greater than the third preset angle, and the first preset angle, the second preset angle, and the third preset angle are all the angles between the position of the blade 21 and the position of the blade 21 when the blade 21 is in the closed state.

[0070] It should be noted that the speed sensor in this specific embodiment can be installed in the equipment compartment of the rail vehicle or in other locations on the vehicle, depending on the actual situation, which will not be elaborated here.

[0071] To reduce the entry of external pollutants into the equipment compartment of a rail vehicle, a sealed design is required. However, if the airtightness of the equipment compartment is too high, the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the compartment will increase when the vehicle passes through a tunnel or when two vehicles meet, necessitating an increase in the airtightness of the equipment compartment, which in turn increases its weight. In this specific embodiment, during actual use, when the train passes through a tunnel, a large pressure difference will occur between the inside and outside of the vehicle. The pressure detected by the internal pressure sensor is greater than that detected by the external pressure sensor. At this time, the controller controls the power structure to rotate the blades 21 to the open state, drawing the air inside the equipment compartment away from the negative pressure outside, thereby reducing the internal pressure and decreasing the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the equipment compartment. Inside the tunnel, although the ventilation device 2 is on, the airflow is from inside the equipment compartment to the outside, preventing pollutants in the surrounding space from entering the equipment compartment. After exiting the tunnel, the controller controls the power structure to rotate the blades 21 to the closed state, preventing pollutants in the surrounding space from entering the equipment compartment.

[0072] To reduce the impact of the blades 21 of the ventilation device 2 on the aerodynamic drag of the train when they are open, the rotation angle of the blades 21 needs to be reasonably controlled, such as... Figure 8 As shown, the tilt direction of blade 21 is consistent with the direction of train operation, and the rotation angle of blade 21 is 0 when it is closed. Figure 8 In this context, 'a' represents the rotation angle of blade 21, specifically the angle between the plane containing blade 21 and the plane containing blade 21 when it is in a closed state. Figure 8 The hollow arrow in the figure points in the direction of the vehicle's travel; the relationship between the rotation angle of blade 21 when it is open and the vehicle speed is shown in the table below.

[0073] Table 1 Blade Rotation Angle Control Method

[0074] Serial Number Vehicle speed (km / h) Blade rotation angle (°) 1 V≤≤250 0 2 250＜V≤300 30 3 V＞300 60

[0075] Depending on the specific circumstances, the rotation angle of blade 21 in Table 1 can be adjusted, and the specific adjustment should be determined based on the actual situation.

[0076] In addition to the equipment compartment of the aforementioned rail vehicle, the present invention also provides a control method for the equipment compartment of the rail vehicle disclosed in the above embodiments, the control method comprising:

[0077] Step S1: Obtain the internal pressure detected by the internal pressure sensor and the external pressure detected by the external pressure sensor;

[0078] Step S2: Determine whether the difference between the internal pressure and the external pressure is greater than or equal to the first preset pressure difference. If yes, proceed to the next step; otherwise, control the ventilation device 2 to be in the closed state.

[0079] Step S3: Obtain the speed information detected by the speed sensor;

[0080] Step S4: Determine whether the speed information is greater than the preset minimum speed and less than or equal to the preset maximum speed. If yes, control the blade 21 to rotate to the first preset angle; otherwise, proceed to the next step.

[0081] Step S5: Determine whether the speed information is greater than the preset maximum speed. If yes, control the blade 21 to rotate to the second preset angle; otherwise, proceed to the next step.

[0082] Step S6: Control the blade 21 to rotate to the third preset angle.

[0083] The second preset angle is greater than the first preset angle, the first preset angle is greater than the third preset angle, and the first preset angle, the second preset angle, and the third preset angle are all the angles between the position of the blade 21 and the position of the blade 21 when the blade 21 is in the closed state.

[0084] In this specific embodiment, the first preset angle can be 30°, the second preset angle can be 60°, the third preset angle can be 0°, the preset minimum speed can be 250km / h, and the preset maximum speed can be 300km / h. Of course, the first preset angle, the second preset angle, the third preset angle, the preset minimum speed, and the preset maximum speed can also be other values, which are determined according to the actual situation and will not be elaborated here.

[0085] In addition to the equipment compartment of the aforementioned rail vehicle, the present invention also provides a rail vehicle including the equipment compartment of the rail vehicle disclosed in the above embodiments. Other structures of the rail vehicle can be referred to the prior art, and will not be described in detail here.

[0086] like Figure 9 The figure shows the pressure change curve on the surface of the rail vehicle as it passes through a tunnel. When it reaches the middle of the tunnel, the pressure is approximately... Figure 9 At the position corresponding to 10s, the surface pressure of the rail vehicle is the lowest. By opening the ventilation device 2 at the bottom of the equipment compartment of the rail vehicle, the gas inside the equipment compartment of the rail vehicle can flow out, minimizing the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the equipment compartment of the rail vehicle.

[0087] It should be noted that the controller in this specific embodiment can be directly connected to the train network control system. The train network control system can obtain the time and location of the vehicle entering and exiting the tunnel. In the actual control process, the train network control system transmits the time and location of the vehicle entering and exiting the tunnel to the controller. The controller controls the ventilation device 2 to open or close based on the time and location of the vehicle entering and exiting the tunnel and the pressure data detected by the internal pressure sensor and the external pressure sensor.

[0088] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on its differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. Any combination of all embodiments provided by this invention is within the scope of protection of this invention and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0089] The equipment compartment, the rail vehicle, and the control method of the present invention have been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The descriptions of the embodiments above are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from its principles, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An equipment compartment for a rail vehicle, characterized in that, Includes a housing (1) and a device disposed within the housing (1). The front end face of the housing (1) along the vehicle driving direction is provided with a first air inlet / outlet (11), and the rear end face of the housing (1) along the vehicle driving direction is provided with a second air inlet / outlet (12). When the vehicle is in motion, the airflow entering the housing (1) through the first air inlet / outlet (11) can be discharged through the second air inlet / outlet (12). The equipment compartment of the rail vehicle also includes a controller. The bottom of the outer shell (1) is provided with a ventilation hole. An openable ventilation device (2) is installed at the ventilation hole. The ventilation device (2) includes several rotatable blades (21). The ventilation device (2) is connected to the controller. The controller is used to control the blades (21) to rotate to the open state when the equipment compartment of the rail vehicle is under high pressure.

2. The equipment compartment of the rail vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the first air inlet / outlet (11) and the second air inlet / outlet (12) are provided with filter grilles (13).

3. The equipment compartment of the rail vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the first air inlet / outlet (11) and the second air inlet / outlet (12) are equipped with heating wires (14) and snowproof grilles (15).

4. The equipment compartment of the rail vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first air inlet / outlet (11) and the second air inlet / outlet (12) are symmetrically arranged about the middle section of the outer shell (1), and the middle section is arranged perpendicular to the vehicle's driving direction.

5. The equipment compartment of the rail vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ventilation device (2) also includes a power structure connected to the controller. There are multiple blades (21), and the multiple blades (21) are evenly distributed along the length direction of the ventilation hole. The power structure is used to drive all the blades (21) to rotate synchronously.

6. The equipment compartment of the rail vehicle according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes an internal pressure sensor for detecting the pressure inside the equipment compartment of the rail vehicle and an external pressure sensor for detecting the external pressure inside the equipment compartment of the rail vehicle. Both the internal pressure sensor and the external pressure sensor are connected to the controller. When the difference between the internal pressure detected by the internal pressure sensor and the external pressure detected by the external pressure sensor is greater than or equal to the first preset pressure difference, the controller controls the power structure to drive all the blades (21) to rotate to the open state. When the difference between the internal pressure detected by the internal pressure sensor and the external pressure detected by the external pressure sensor is less than the first preset pressure difference, the controller controls the power structure to drive all the blades (21) to rotate to the closed state.

7. The equipment compartment of the rail vehicle according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes a speed sensor for detecting vehicle speed, the speed sensor being connected to the controller; When the difference between the internal pressure detected by the internal pressure sensor and the external pressure detected by the external pressure sensor is greater than or equal to a first preset pressure difference; When the speed information detected by the speed sensor is greater than the preset minimum speed and less than or equal to the preset maximum speed, the controller controls the power structure to drive the blade (21) to rotate to the first preset angle; When the speed information detected by the speed sensor is greater than the preset maximum speed, the controller controls the power structure to drive the blade (21) to rotate to the second preset angle; When the speed information detected by the speed sensor is less than or equal to the preset minimum speed, the controller controls the power structure to drive the blade (21) to rotate to the third preset angle; The second preset angle is greater than the first preset angle, the first preset angle is greater than the third preset angle, and the first preset angle, the second preset angle, and the third preset angle are all the angles between the location of the blade (21) and the blade (21) when it is in a closed state.

8. A control method, characterized in that, The control method, applied to the equipment compartment of the rail vehicle according to claim 7, comprises: The internal pressure detected by the internal pressure sensor and the external pressure detected by the external pressure sensor are obtained. Determine whether the difference between the internal pressure and the external pressure is greater than or equal to the first preset pressure difference. If yes, proceed to the next step; otherwise, control the ventilation device (2) to be in a closed state. Obtain the speed information detected by the speed sensor; Determine whether the speed information is greater than the preset minimum speed and less than or equal to the preset maximum speed. If yes, control the blade (21) to rotate to the first preset angle; otherwise, proceed to the next step. Determine whether the speed information is greater than the preset maximum speed. If yes, control the blade (21) to rotate to the second preset angle; otherwise, proceed to the next step. Control the blade (21) to rotate to a third preset angle; The second preset angle is greater than the first preset angle, the first preset angle is greater than the third preset angle, and the first preset angle, the second preset angle, and the third preset angle are all the angles between the location of the blade (21) and the blade (21) when it is in a closed state.

9. A rail vehicle, characterized in that, It includes a main body and an equipment compartment of the rail vehicle as described in any one of claims 1-7, wherein the equipment compartment of the rail vehicle is located at the lower part of the main body.

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