Information transmission method, communication device and storage medium

Abstract

The application provides an information transmission method, a communication device and a storage medium. The method comprises the following steps: transmitting a modulation symbol to a second communication node in a connectionless state, wherein the modulation symbol is obtained by modulating M1+1 bit information in an information packet according to a first constellation model, or M2+2 bit information in an information packet according to a second constellation model, or M3+3 bit information in an information packet according to a third constellation model. That is, the first communication node can transmit the modulation symbol to the second communication node in the connectionless state, without performing a series of signaling interaction processes with the second communication node before each information transmission, thereby effectively reducing terminal power consumption and system signaling overhead. Meanwhile, the modulation symbol can carry multiple bits of information, thereby realizing high-order modulation and supporting a large number of first communication nodes to realize high-spectrum-efficiency information transmission.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the present application relate to, but are not limited to, the field of communication technology, and in particular to an information transmission method, a communication device, and a storage medium. Background Art

[0002] Wireless communication systems connect to a large number of user equipment (UEs), requiring information transmission between them. Traditionally, UEs must be in a connected state to transmit information with the system (or base station). This requires complex signaling interactions between the UE and the base station before each transmission, significantly increasing both terminal power consumption and system signaling overhead.

[0003] In addition, if the spectrum efficiency of information transmission for each terminal is required not to be too low, it is also necessary to improve the spectrum efficiency by increasing the order of the modulation method. In related technologies, the commonly used high-order modulation method is Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), such as 16QAM, 32QAM, 64QAM and 256QAM. However, these high-order modulation methods require relatively accurate channel estimation to ensure performance. If the channel estimation error is large, the constellation diagram will be distorted during demodulation, which will lead to a decrease in demodulation performance, making it difficult to achieve high-spectrum-efficiency information transmission. Therefore, how to achieve high-spectrum-efficiency information transmission for massive terminals while reducing terminal power consumption and system signaling overhead is a problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The embodiments of the present application provide an information transmission method, a communication device, and a storage medium, which can not only reduce terminal power consumption and system signaling overhead, but also support a large number of first communication nodes to achieve high-spectrum-efficiency information transmission.

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an information transmission method, applied to a first communication node, the information transmission method comprising:

[0006] In a connectionless state, modulated symbols are transmitted to a second communication node, wherein:

[0007] The modulation symbol is obtained by modulating M1+1 bits of information in the information packet according to a first constellation model, wherein the first constellation model includes 2*N1 constellation points, M1 is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and N1 and M1 satisfy the formula N1=2 M1 ;

[0008] The complex forms corresponding to the 2*N1 constellation points in the first constellation diagram model include the following:

[0009] a1e jθ ,a2e jθ ,…,a N1 e jθ ,

[0010] a1e j(θ+π) ,a2e j(θ+π) ,…,a N1 e j(θ+π) ;

[0011] π is the ratio of circumference to circumference; j is an imaginary number; the value of j is equal to e is the natural logarithm; θ is a real number; a1, a2,…, a N1 Are all positive numbers and satisfy: 0 <a1<a2<…<a N1 ;

[0012] or,

[0013] The modulation symbol is obtained by modulating M2+2 bits of information in the information packet according to a second constellation model, wherein the second constellation model includes 4*N2 constellation points, M2 is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and N2 and M2 satisfy the formula N2=2 M2 ;

[0014] The complex forms corresponding to the 4*N2 constellation points in the second constellation diagram model include the following:

[0015] a1e jθ , a2e jθ ,…,a N2 e jθ ,

[0016] b1e j(θ+π / 2) , b2e j(θ+π / 2) ,…,b N2 e j(θ+π / 2) ,

[0017] a1e j( θ +π) , a2e j(θ+π) ,…,a N2 e j(θ+π) ,

[0018] b1e j(θ+3π / 2) , b2e j(θ+3π / 2) ,…,b N2 e j(θ+3π / 2) ;

[0019] π is the ratio of circumference to circumference; j is an imaginary number; the value of j is equal to e is the natural logarithm; θ is a real number; a1, a2,…, a N2 and b1, b2, …, bN2 are all positive numbers and satisfy: 0<a1<a2<…<a N2 , 0<b1<b2<…<b N2 ;

[0020] or,

[0021] The modulation symbol is obtained by modulating M3+3 bits of information in the information packet according to a third constellation model, wherein the third constellation model includes 8*N3 constellation points, M3 is an integer greater than or equal to 0, and N3 and M3 satisfy the formula N3=2 M3 ;

[0022] The complex forms corresponding to the 8*N3 constellation points in the third constellation diagram model include the following:

[0023] a1e jθ , a2e jθ ,…,a N3 e jθ ,

[0024]

[0025]

[0026]

[0027] a1e j(θ+π) , a2e j(θ+π) ,…,a N3 e j(θ+π) ,

[0028]

[0029]

[0030]

[0031] π is the ratio of circumference to circumference; j is an imaginary number; the value of j is equal to e is the natural logarithm; θ is a real number; a1, a2,…, a N3 and b1, b2, …, b N3 are all positive numbers and satisfy: 0<a1<a2<…<a N3 , 0<b1<b2<…<b N3 .

[0032] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an information transmission method, applied to a second communication node, the information transmission method comprising:

[0033] receiving a modulation symbol sent by a first communication node in a connectionless state, wherein:

[0034] The modulation symbol is obtained by modulating M1+1 bits of information in the information packet according to a first constellation model, wherein the first constellation model includes 2*N1 constellation points, M1 is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and N1 and M1 satisfy the formula N1=2 M1 ;

[0035] The complex forms corresponding to the 2*N1 constellation points in the first constellation diagram model include the following:

[0036] a1e jθ , a2e jθ ,…,a N1 e jθ ,

[0037] a1e j(θ+π) , a2e j(θ+π) ,…,a N1 e j(θ+π) ;

[0038] π is the ratio of circumference to circumference; j is an imaginary number; the value of j is equal to e is the natural logarithm; θ is a real number; a1, a2,…, a N1 are all positive numbers and satisfy: 0<a1<a2<…<a N1 ;

[0039] or,

[0040] The modulation symbol is obtained by modulating M2+2 bits of information in the information packet according to a second constellation model, wherein the second constellation model includes 4*N2 constellation points, M2 is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and N2 and M2 satisfy the formula N2=2 M2 ;

[0041] The complex forms corresponding to the 4*N2 constellation points in the second constellation diagram model include the following:

[0042] a1e jθ , a2e jθ ,…,a N2 e jθ ,

[0043] b1e j(θ+π / 2) , b2e j(θ+π / 2) ,…,b N2 e j(θ+π / 2) ,

[0044] a1e j(θ+π) , a2e j(θ+π) ,…,a N2 e j(θ+π) ,

[0045] b1e j(θ+3π / 2) , b2e j(θ+3π / 2 ) ,…,b N2 e j(θ+3π / 2) ;

[0046] π is the ratio of circumference to circumference; j is an imaginary number; the value of j is equal to e is the natural logarithm; θ is a real number; a1, a2,…, a N2 and b1, b2, …, b N2 are all positive numbers and satisfy: 0<a1<a2<…<a N2 , 0<b1<b2<…<b N2 ;

[0047] or,

[0048] The modulation symbol is obtained by modulating M3+3 bits of information in the information packet according to a third constellation model, wherein the third constellation model includes 8*N3 constellation points, M3 is an integer greater than or equal to 0, and N3 and M3 satisfy the formula N3=2 M3 ;

[0049] The complex forms corresponding to the 8*N3 constellation points in the third constellation diagram model include the following:

[0050] a1e jθ , a2e jθ ,…,a N3 e jθ ,

[0051]

[0052]

[0053]

[0054] a1e j(θ+π) , a2e j(θ+π) ,…,a N3 e j(θ+π) ,

[0055]

[0056]

[0057]

[0058] π is the ratio of circumference to circumference; j is an imaginary number; the value of j is equal to e is the natural logarithm; θ is a real number; a1, a2,…, a N3 and b1, b2, …, bN3 are all positive numbers and satisfy: 0<a1<a2<…<a N3 , 0<b1<b2<…<b N3 .

[0059] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a communication device, comprising: at least one processor and at least one memory, the memory being used to store at least one program; and when at least one of the programs is executed by at least one of the processors, the information transmission method described above is implemented.

[0060] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, wherein the computer-executable instructions are used to execute the information transmission method described above.

[0061] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a computer program product, comprising a computer program or computer instructions, wherein the computer program or the computer instructions are stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and the processor of a computer device reads the computer program or the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium, and the processor executes the computer program or the computer instructions, so that the computer device performs the information transmission method as described above.

[0062] An embodiment of the present application includes: in a connectionless state, a first communication node transmits a modulation symbol to a second communication node, wherein: the modulation symbol is obtained by modulating M1+1 bits of information in an information packet according to a first constellation model, or the modulation symbol is obtained by modulating M2+2 bits of information in an information packet according to a second constellation model, or the modulation symbol is obtained by modulating M3+3 bits of information in an information packet according to a third constellation model. That is, the first communication node can transmit the modulation symbol to the second communication node in a connectionless state without having to perform a series of signaling interaction processes with the second communication node before each information transmission, thereby effectively reducing terminal power consumption and system signaling overhead. At the same time, the modulation symbol can be obtained by modulating multiple bits of information in the information packet according to the first constellation model, the second constellation model, or the third constellation model, that is, the modulation symbol can carry multiple bits of information, thereby realizing high-order modulation. Moreover, the modulation symbol modulated according to the first constellation model, the second constellation model, or the third constellation model can improve the robustness of channel estimation, making it easier for the second communication node to extract channel information, thereby improving the demodulation performance of the second communication node. Therefore, the embodiment of the present application can support a large number of first communication nodes to achieve high-spectrum-efficiency information transmission while reducing terminal power consumption and system signaling overhead. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0063] Figure 1This is a constellation diagram corresponding to the 64QAM modulation symbols provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0064] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of an information transmission method provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0065] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A flowchart of a specific method of step S110;

[0066] Figure 4 is a flowchart of an information transmission method provided by another embodiment of the present application;

[0067] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a first constellation diagram model and a second constellation diagram model provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0068] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a cross-shaped constellation diagram before and after channel rotation and scaling provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0069] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of dividing partitions on a two-dimensional plane coordinate system provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0070] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a cross-shaped constellation diagram provided by one embodiment of the present application;

[0071] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a cross-shaped constellation diagram provided by another embodiment of the present application;

[0072] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of a cross-shaped constellation diagram provided by another embodiment of the present application;

[0073] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of a cross-shaped constellation diagram provided by another embodiment of the present application;

[0074] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of a cross-shaped constellation diagram provided by another embodiment of the present application;

[0075] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of a cross-shaped constellation diagram provided by another embodiment of the present application;

[0076] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of a cross-shaped constellation diagram provided by another embodiment of the present application;

[0077] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of a cross-shaped constellation diagram provided by another embodiment of the present application;

[0078] Figure 16is a schematic diagram of a cross-shaped constellation diagram provided by another embodiment of the present application;

[0079] Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of a cross-shaped constellation diagram provided by another embodiment of the present application;

[0080] Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of a cross-shaped constellation diagram provided by another embodiment of the present application;

[0081] Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of a PAM constellation diagram provided by one embodiment of the present application;

[0082] Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of a PAM constellation diagram provided by another embodiment of the present application;

[0083] Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of a third constellation diagram model provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0084] Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of a third constellation diagram model provided by another embodiment of the present application;

[0085] Figure 23 It is a structural diagram of a communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0086] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of this application more clear, the following further describes this application in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0087] It should be noted that although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be performed in an order different from that in the flowchart. In the description of the specification, claims and the above-mentioned drawings, the meaning of multiple (or multiple) is more than two, greater than, less than, exceed, etc. are understood to exclude the number itself, and above, below, within, etc. are understood to include the number itself. If there is a description of "first", "second", etc., it is only used for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0088] The present application provides an information transmission method, a communication device and a storage medium. In a disconnected state, a first communication node transmits a modulation symbol to a second communication node, wherein: the modulation symbol is obtained by modulating M1+1 bits of information in an information packet according to a first constellation diagram model, or the modulation symbol is obtained by modulating M2+2 bits of information in an information packet according to a second constellation diagram model, or the modulation symbol is obtained by modulating M3+3 bits of information in an information packet according to a third constellation diagram model. That is, the first communication node can transmit the modulation symbol to the second communication node in a disconnected state without having to transmit the modulation symbol to the second communication node each time. Before transmission, a series of signaling interaction processes are carried out with the second communication node, thereby effectively reducing terminal power consumption and system signaling overhead. At the same time, the modulation symbol can be obtained by modulating multiple bits of information in the information packet according to the first constellation model, the second constellation model, or the third constellation model, that is, the modulation symbol can carry multiple bits of information, thereby realizing high-order modulation. Moreover, the modulation symbol modulated according to the first constellation model, the second constellation model, or the third constellation model can improve the robustness of channel estimation, making it easier for the second communication node to extract channel information, and improving the demodulation performance of the second communication node. Therefore, the embodiment of the present application can support a large number of first communication nodes to achieve high-spectral-efficiency information transmission while reducing terminal power consumption and system signaling overhead.

[0089] The following first specifically describes how traditional information transmission methods can lead to large signaling overhead for the system (base station or access point (AP)) and high power consumption for the terminal.

[0090] In related technologies, when a terminal is performing uplink information transmission or uplink data transmission, the terminal (i.e., UE) must be in a connected state (Connected state), where the connected state can also be called a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connected state. However, a terminal in a connected state usually does not have dedicated uplink transmission resources, so a terminal in a connected state needs to apply for uplink transmission resources from the system before each information transmission. To achieve this goal, a terminal in a connected state sends a Scheduling Request (SR), a Buffer Status Report (BSR), and other information to the system before each information transmission. Only after obtaining the system's uplink resource grant (Grant) can the terminal transmit information on the time-frequency resources authorized by the system. It can be seen that in order to complete a traditional uplink information transmission, the terminal needs to complete many operations in advance, which will undoubtedly increase the power consumption of the terminal and increase the signaling overhead of the system. If the information packet (or data packet) transmitted by the terminal in an uplink information transmission is not very large, for example in many IoT scenarios and some enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) scenarios, the information packet transmitted by the terminal in an uplink information transmission is only about tens to 200 bytes. In this case, if the terminal is required to continue the operations required before uplink information transmission in the existing technology, the transmission will become very inefficient.

[0091] Furthermore, to save power, when there is no service, the terminal generally does not establish a connection with the system (i.e., the terminal is not connected to the system, or the terminal is disconnected from the system), that is, the terminal is in a disconnected state (wherein, Non Connected state, Non RRC Connected state, Connectionless state, Connection-free state, or Disconnected state, etc. can all represent a disconnected state). It is understandable that the idle state or inactive state can be considered equivalent to the disconnected state. Alternatively, the idle state or inactive state can also be considered a type of disconnected state.

[0092] When a terminal is in a disconnected state (i.e., not yet in a connected state or established with the system), using the uplink information transmission method used in related technologies, the terminal must first establish a connection with the system before transmitting information. Only after entering the connected state (also called the active state) can the terminal further request uplink transmission resources from the system (e.g., a base station or access point), and only after receiving system resource authorization can actual information transmission begin. Transitioning from the disconnected state to the connected state requires a random access process, which involves multiple interactions between the terminal and the base station. For example, the following interactions may occur: the terminal sends a preamble (Message 1); the base station issues a random access response (RAR), also known as Message 2; the terminal sends Layer 2 (L2) or Layer 3 (L3) control information (Message 3); and the base station sends message 4 (Message 4). This random access process significantly increases the power consumption of each terminal transmission and the system's signaling overhead.

[0093] If the above uplink information transmission method is used, if a large number of terminals need to transmit information, and many of them need to enter the connected state before transmitting information, a large number of terminals will perform random access, which will increase the probability of collision or blocking during the random access process, causing most terminals to need to make multiple random access attempts before successfully entering the connected state. As a result, the terminals will consume more energy to complete the information transmission task, and the transmission latency will also be significantly increased.

[0094] Furthermore, another uplink information transmission method in the related art, Semi-Persistent Scheduling (SPS), aims to reduce the physical control signaling overhead and latency of small packet services. It is very suitable for periodic services, such as Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP). During a talk spurt, the data rate of VoIP is essentially constant. For example, a voice packet is generated every 20 milliseconds, and each talk spurt lasts an average of 1 to 2 seconds. Therefore, each connected talk contains 50 to 100 voice packets. Small-scale fading during this period is compensated by closed-loop power control to ensure a basically constant signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the receiving end. Therefore, the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) can remain unchanged during this period, and the allocated physical resources can remain unchanged or change according to a fixed rule. Therefore, no dynamic signaling is required for uplink information transmission. In addition, SPS can be regarded as an enhanced form of semi-static configuration, mainly used for periodic, small packet services with constant information packet size. Moreover, SPS generally operates in the connected state (RRC Connected), that is, the terminal has completed the initial random access process. Although the scheduling frequency is much lower than the frequency of information packet arrival, SPS is basically non-competitive, and there will be no resource collision between different terminals, for example, there will be no collision of pilots (or reference signals). In the fifth generation mobile communication technology (5G) system, the evolved SPS can be used in the ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC) scenario. On the one hand, it can ensure high reliability, and on the other hand, it can reduce the terminal-side latency. At this time, SPS is called a configured grant, that is, a pre-configured resource grant. Configured grant can also be used as a special authorization-free or scheduling-free method, because it can avoid the "dynamic authorization application" or "dynamic scheduling application" for each uplink information transmission, so the essence of configured grant is "dynamic authorization-free" or "dynamic scheduling-free". It is understandable that under this SPS-style "dynamic scheduling-free" system, the transmission resources of different terminals are actually pre-configured by the base station, and are not obtained by the terminals through "competition". Therefore, the SPS-style "dynamic scheduling-free" system can be said to be "non-competitive".The most important point is that for this type of non-competitive scheduling, reference signals can usually be pre-configured by the base station to avoid "collision". For example, the base station can be pre-configured to ensure that the reference signals of terminals transmitted on the same time-frequency resources are orthogonal.

[0095] Although pre-configured scheduling-free methods like SPS or Configured Grant can reduce the physical control signaling overhead for uplink transmissions, if SPS is used to support information transmission for a large number of terminals, the system's spectral efficiency remains low. For example, if a terminal applies for periodic transmission resources in a cell for a period of time and then undergoes a handover during this period, it must apply for new pre-configured transmission resources from the incoming cell and simultaneously notify the departing cell to release its pre-configured transmission resources. Re-applying for new transmission resources from the newly entered cell is a complex process and often requires random access in the new cell, which significantly increases terminal power consumption. Even for a stationary terminal or node, the surrounding environment can easily change over time, which can lead to handovers, especially for terminals or nodes at the edge of the cell. Therefore, while the SPS pre-configuration mechanism can enable grant-free or scheduling-free transmission, it is not suitable for applications involving large numbers of terminals transmitting information, that is, for scenarios with large connections.

[0096] It's worth noting that in scenarios where a wireless communication system is connected to a large number of terminals (i.e., a high-connectivity scenario), the wireless communication system needs to transmit information with this massive number of terminals. Based on the above analysis, with traditional information transmission methods, terminals must enter a connected state before transmitting information. This significantly increases terminal power consumption, system signaling overhead, and the complexity of information transmission, particularly in high-connectivity scenarios. This also reduces the system's spectrum efficiency. Therefore, transmitting information while the terminal is disconnected plays a key role in reducing terminal power consumption and system signaling overhead.

[0097] To enable terminals to transmit data or information as efficiently as possible and to reduce system signaling overhead, it's best to maintain a disconnected state (i.e., idle or inactive) when not transmitting. This allows the terminal to enter a deep sleep state, shutting down all transmission-related circuits. When data or information needs to be sent, terminals in this disconnected (or idle, or inactive) state can initiate information transmission autonomously without establishing a connection with the system or requesting uplink transmission resources from a base station or access node. This eliminates the need for authorization and scheduling of uplink transmission resources. Because the terminal completes information transmission in this disconnected state, it doesn't need to release the connection after the transmission is complete, allowing it to quickly enter a disconnected or idle state (i.e., deep sleep), which is nearly as close to shutting down the device. This simplifies information transmission in this disconnected state, improving system spectrum efficiency and reducing terminal power consumption.

[0098] Based on the above analysis, a terminal can autonomously determine when to transmit information in a disconnected state and then transmit the information directly without notifying the base station (or access point, or system) before transmitting, nor does it need to request transmission resources from the base station. This also means that the base station does not need to allocate dedicated time-frequency resources for each terminal's information transmission, or in other words, it does not need to allocate different time-frequency resources for each terminal's information transmission. The terminal can autonomously transmit information to the base station directly on a pre-set common transmission resource. However, because information transmission is initiated by the terminal itself, the base station cannot control the number of active terminals during each transmission process. The base station only needs to detect and decode the transmission information of each terminal from the received signal.

[0099] However, the connectionless information transmission mode also has disadvantages. When the terminal is in a connectionless state, the pilot (or reference signal) contained in the information transmitted by the terminal to the base station can be autonomously selected or generated by the terminal. The pilot autonomously selected refers to determining the pilot from a preset pilot set. The pilot autonomously generated refers to generating the pilot according to a preset rule or formula. Because the reference signal is autonomously selected by the terminal, the same reference signal can be selected by different terminals, that is, reference signal collision can occur. When the number of terminals is large (high overload), the probability of reference signal collision is very high. If the reference signal collides, the base station is difficult to separate different terminals through the reference signal. In order to reduce the collision and pollution of the reference signal, and also to estimate the channel and time-frequency offset, the reference signal needs to be increased by a multiple, that is, the reference signal sequence is increased by a multiple, resulting in a multiple increase in the overhead, and the detection complexity is increased by a square. Therefore, in the information transmission scenario in the connectionless state, if the traditional pilot scheme is followed, the accuracy of the channel estimation cannot be guaranteed, which limits the demodulation performance of the base station and affects the information transmission performance in the connectionless state.

[0100] Further, in the scenario where a wireless communication system is connected with a large number of terminals, if the spectral efficiency of each terminal for information transmission cannot be too low, the order of the modulation mode needs to be increased to improve the spectral efficiency. The following will specifically describe the traditional high-order modulation mode.

[0101] In the related art, the commonly used high-order modulation mode is quadrature amplitude modulation, such as 16QAM, 32QAM, 64QAM, and 256QAM. The constellation points in the constellation diagram are uniformly distributed in a two-dimensional plane (i.e., a complex plane), and thus the two-dimensional signal space (i.e., a two-dimensional signal plane) of a complex signal can be fully utilized. It can be understood that a communication signal can be represented by a complex number in a baseband, that is, the communication signal can be divided into an I channel signal and a Q channel signal, where the I channel signal is a real part, and the Q channel signal is an imaginary part. Because the communication signal includes a modulation symbol, the modulation symbol can also be represented by a complex number, that is, one modulation symbol can be represented by one complex number, for example, a modulation symbol s can be represented as a+j*b, where j is an imaginary number, that is, j=sqrt(-1); a is a real part of s, representing the modulation symbol transmitted in the I channel, and b is an imaginary part of s, representing the modulation symbol transmitted in the Q channel.

[0102] In this embodiment, for 16QAM in the related art, the constellation diagram contains 16 points, and the complex numbers corresponding to the 16 points include the following:

[0103] 3+3j, 3+j, 3-j, 3-3j,

[0104] 1+3j, 1+j, 1-j, 1-3j,

[0105] -1+3j,-1+j,-1-j,-1-3j,

[0106] -3+3j,-3+j,-3-j,-3-3j

[0107] It can be seen that in the two-dimensional plane (also called the complex plane, or the complex signal space, or the two-dimensional signal space) with the real part value range of -3 to 3 and the imaginary part value range of -3 to 3, the 16QAM constellation points are distributed relatively evenly. It can be understood that the complex plane and the two-dimensional plane are equivalent, so the complex plane or the two-dimensional plane can also be called the two-dimensional complex plane. Among them, the real part of the complex number is equivalent to the x-coordinate of the two-dimensional plane, and the imaginary part of the complex number is equivalent to the y-coordinate of the two-dimensional plane. Therefore, complex numbers can also be represented by points on the two-dimensional plane. For example, the complex number a+j*b can be represented by the coordinates (a, b) on the two-dimensional plane, where the coordinates (a, b) indicate that the x-coordinate on the two-dimensional plane is a and the y-coordinate is b. Therefore, in addition to being represented by 16 complex numbers, the 16 points in the 16QAM constellation diagram can also be represented by 16 two-dimensional coordinates on the two-dimensional plane, where the 16 two-dimensional coordinates include the following:

[0108] (3,3),(3,1),(3,-1),(3,-3),

[0109] (1,3),(1,1),(1,-1),(1,-3),

[0110] (-1,3),(-1,1),(-1,-1),(-1,-3),

[0111] (-3,3),(-3,1),(-3,-1),(-3,-3)

[0112] In this embodiment, when it is necessary to perform overall power normalization processing on the constellation diagram, the constellation diagram as a whole can be multiplied by a normalization factor (scaling factor). For example, the 16 complex numbers of 16QAM are all multiplied by the same normalization factor 1 / sqrt(40). The complex numbers corresponding to the 16 points of the 16QAM constellation diagram after power normalization are as follows: 1 / sqrt(40)*[3+3j,3+j,3-j,3-3j,1+3j,1+j,1-j,1-3j,-1+3j,-1+j,-1-j,-1-3j,-3+3j,-3+j,-3-j,-3-3j]

[0113] The coordinates of the 16 points in the power-normalized 16QAM constellation diagram can be obtained by multiplying the 16 two-dimensional coordinates listed above by 1 / sqrt(40), that is, multiplying the x-coordinate and y-coordinate of each two-dimensional coordinate by 1 / sqrt(40).

[0114] It can be understood that the power normalization only makes the constellation diagram as a whole smaller, and the constellation points in the smaller constellation diagram are still uniformly distributed.

[0115] For other high-order modulation modes, such as 32QAM, 64QAM, 256QAM and the like, the constellation points of the constellation diagrams are uniformly distributed on a two-dimensional plane, so the high-order modulation modes in the related art can fully utilize the two-dimensional signal space of complex signals, and the demodulation modes corresponding to these high-order modulation modes are not only simple but also can guarantee performance, so these high-order modulation modes can simply and efficiently approach the performance limit of transmission, that is, the Shannon limit. Therefore, in a scenario with certain demand for spectrum efficiency, these high-order modulation modes can be widely applied. However, these high-order modulation modes need to be used in the case that channel estimation is accurate to ensure performance, and if the channel estimation error is large, the constellation diagram will be distorted, that is, rotated and scaled, when the base station (or access point) demodulates, and at this time, the demodulation performance will decrease.

[0116] Specifically, taking the transmission of modulation symbols by the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) mode (that is, the modulation symbols are transmitted by using the subcarriers of the OFDM) as an example, after passing through a multipath channel or a frequency selective channel, the modulation symbols carried on the subcarriers of the OFDM will be weighted by a complex number weight (that is, the frequency selective channel will cause the distortion of the modulation symbols carried on the subcarriers); or if there is a large synchronization error between the two parties (that is, the first communication node and the second communication node), the timing deviation (that is, the time offset) and the frequency deviation (that is, the frequency offset) will also cause the modulation symbols on the subcarriers to be weighted by a complex number weight, that is, the synchronization error will cause the distortion of the modulation symbols.

[0117] As Figure 1As shown, further, these distortions occurring on the modulation symbols will be superimposed. Taking the modulation symbol s transmitted via OFDM as an example, assuming that the frequency-selective channel causes the complex weight of the modulation symbol s on the OFDM subcarrier to be g1, and the time-frequency or frequency offset causes the complex weight of the modulation symbol to be g2. If the above-mentioned frequency-selective channel and the above-mentioned synchronization error exist at the same time, it is equivalent to using a weight value h to weight the modulation symbol, where h = g1*g2, that is, the received modulation symbol is y = h*s+n = g1*gg2*s+n, where n is additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). If the receiving side (i.e., the second communication node) cannot remove the distortion on the modulation symbol, that is, cannot equalize the weight value h of the modulation symbol, then the modulation symbol will be rotated and scaled. The modulation symbol that has undergone slight rotation and scaling will also seriously restrict the performance of high-order modulation methods. Figure 1 Each dot in corresponds to a modulation symbol, where Figure 1 The constellation diagram corresponding to the coordinate system on the left is the constellation diagram corresponding to the standard 64QAM modulation symbol; Figure 1 The constellation diagram corresponding to the coordinate system on the right is the constellation diagram corresponding to the 64QAM modulation symbol weighted by a weight value (i.e., a rotation and scaling amount), that is, the constellation diagram corresponding to the 64QAM modulation symbol that has undergone channel distortion. Figure 1 If the constellation diagram corresponding to the coordinate system on the right is demodulated, the demodulation performance will be affected even if the AWGN on the receiving side is very small. Therefore, in traditional high spectral efficiency scenarios, pilot signals are usually used to estimate the weighted value (i.e., distortion) of the modulation symbol, that is, the h in the received modulation symbol y=h*s+n=g1*g2*s+n is estimated, and then the weighted value is balanced, that is, y is divided by h, that is, y / h=s+n / h, to obtain a constellation diagram s+n′ that is not distorted and is only affected by additive white Gaussian noise, thereby achieving better demodulation performance, where n′=n / h. Based on the above pilot scheme, the system can support more terminal access and is very suitable for large connection scenarios. However, the above pilot scheme requires the receiving side to be able to perform channel estimation based on the characteristics of the modulation symbol itself, and the constellation diagram of the traditional high-order modulation method is too dense, which is not conducive to the receiving side extracting channel information through the modulation symbol.

[0118] It is understandable that for scenarios where massive terminals are in a disconnected state (i.e., the terminals are not connected to the wireless communication system) and directly transmit information to the wireless communication system, as well as scenarios where massive terminals transmit information based on SPS, it is difficult to accurately estimate the complex weights (i.e., distortion) of the modulation symbols through pilot signals. Therefore, the performance of high-order modulation methods will be severely restricted.

[0119] In response to the above situation, the present application proposes an information transmission method that can not only reduce terminal power consumption and system signaling overhead, but also improve the robustness of channel estimation, ensure the accuracy of the channel information extracted by the receiving side through modulation symbols, so that the receiving side can still obtain good demodulation performance when the pilot capacity is limited, and ensure efficient performance of information transmission in a connectionless state, thereby supporting high-spectral-efficiency information transmission in large-connection scenarios.

[0120] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a flowchart of an information transmission method provided by an embodiment of the present application. The information transmission method is applied to a first communication node, and the information transmission method may include but is not limited to step S110.

[0121] Step S110: In a connectionless state, transmit the modulation symbol to the second communication node.

[0122] The modulation symbol is obtained by modulating the M1+1 bits of information in the information packet according to the first constellation model. The first constellation model includes 2*N1 constellation points, M1 is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and N1 and M1 satisfy the formula N1=2 M1 ;

[0123] The complex forms corresponding to the 2*N1 constellation points in the first constellation diagram model include the following:

[0124] a1e jθ , a2e jθ ,…,a N1 e jθ ,

[0125] a1e j(θ+π) , a2 e j(θ+π) ,…,a N1 e j(θ+π) ;

[0126] π is the ratio of circumference to circumference; j is an imaginary number; the value of j is equal to e is the natural logarithm; θ is a real number; a1, a2,…, a N1 are all positive numbers and satisfy: 0<a1<a2<…<a N1 ;

[0127] or,

[0128] The modulation symbol is obtained by modulating the M2+2 bits of information in the information packet according to the second constellation model. The second constellation model includes 4*N2 constellation points, M2 is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and N2 and M2 satisfy the formula N2=2 M2 ;

[0129] The complex forms corresponding to the 4*N2 constellation points in the second constellation diagram model include the following:

[0130] a1e jθ , a2e jθ ,…,a N2 e jθ ,

[0131] b1e j(θ+π / 2) , b2e j(θ+π / 2) ,…,b N2 e j(θ+πr / 2) ,

[0132] a1e j(θ+π) , a2e j(θ+π) ,…,a N2 e j(θ+π) ,

[0133] b1e j(θ+3π / 2) , b2e j(θ+3π / 2) ,…,b N2 e j(θ+3π / 2) ;

[0134] π is the ratio of circumference to circumference; j is an imaginary number; the value of j is equal to e is the natural logarithm; θ is a real number; a1, a2,…, a N2 and b1, b2, …, b N2 are all positive numbers and satisfy: 0<a1<a2<…<a N2 , 0<b1<b2<…<b N2 ;

[0135] or,

[0136] The modulation symbol is obtained by modulating the M3+3 bits of information in the information packet according to the third constellation model. The third constellation model includes 8*N3 constellation points, M3 is an integer greater than or equal to 0, and N3 and M3 satisfy the formula N3=2 M3 ;

[0137] The complex forms corresponding to the 8*N3 constellation points in the third constellation diagram model include the following:

[0138] a1e jθ , a2e jθ ,…,a N3 e jθ ,

[0139]

[0140]

[0141]

[0142] a1e j(θ+π) , a2e j(θ+π) ,..., a N3 e j(θ+π) ,

[0143]

[0144]

[0145]

[0146] pi is the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter; j is an imaginary number; the value of j is equal to e is the natural logarithm; theta is a real number; a1, a2,..., a N3 and b1, b2,..., b N3 are positive numbers, and satisfy: 0 < a1 < a2 <... < a N3 , 0 < b1 < b2 <... < b N3 .

[0147] In this embodiment, by using the information transmission method including the above step S110, the first communication node can transmit the modulation symbol to the second communication node in a connectionless state, without a series of signaling interaction processes with the second communication node before each information transmission, thereby effectively reducing terminal power consumption and system signaling overhead. Meanwhile, the modulation symbol can be obtained by modulating the multiple bit information in the information packet according to the first constellation model or the second constellation model or the third constellation model, that is, the modulation symbol can carry multiple bit information, thereby realizing high-order modulation, and the modulation symbol modulated according to the first constellation model or the second constellation model or the third constellation model can improve the robustness of channel estimation, so that the second communication node can more easily extract channel information and improve the demodulation performance of the second communication node. Therefore, the embodiments of the present application can support a large number of first communication nodes to realize high-spectrum efficiency information transmission while reducing terminal power consumption and system signaling overhead.

[0148] In a feasible implementation, when the modulation symbol is obtained by modulation according to the first constellation model, a1, a2,..., a N1 can be represented by the following formula, that is

[0149] a n = (2n-1+ Delta) d;

[0150] wherein the value of n includes 1, 2,..., N1; that is, a n may be a1, may be a2, may be a3, or may be a N1 , and so on.

[0151] Further, d is a positive real number, and Δ is a real number greater than or equal to 0, such that a1, a2,..., a N1 constitute an arithmetic sequence.

[0152] Further, when Δ is 0, and d is 1, such that a1, a2,..., a n satisfy a n = 2n - 1; when Δ is 1, and d is 1 / 2, such that a n satisfy a n = n; when Δ is 3, and d is 1 / 2, such that a n satisfy a n = n + 1.

[0153] Alternatively, Δ can be At this time, when d is 1, such that a1, a2,..., a n satisfy when d is 1 / 2, such that a1, a2,..., a n satisfy

[0154] A feasible implementation, when the modulation symbols are modulated according to the second constellation model, a1, a2,..., a N2 can be represented by the following formula:

[0155] a n = (2n - 1 + Δ)d;

[0156] b1, b2,..., b N2 can be represented by the following formula:

[0157] b n = a n + β;

[0158] wherein n can be 1, 2,..., N2; that is, a n may be a1, a2, a3, or a N2 , etc. Similarly, b n may be b1, b2, b3, or b N2 , etc.

[0159] Further, d is a positive real number, and Δ and β are real numbers greater than or equal to 0, such that a1, a2,..., a N2 constitute an arithmetic sequence, and b1, b2,..., b N2 constitute an arithmetic sequence.

[0160] Further, when Δ is 0, and d is 1, such that a1, a2,..., a n satisfy a n=2n-1; when Δ is 1 and d is 1 / 2, then a n Satisfy a n =n; when Δ is 3 and d is 1 / 2, then a n Satisfy a n =n+1.

[0161] Alternatively, the value of Δ can be At this time, when the value of d is 1, making a n satisfy When the value of d is 1 / 2, so that a n satisfy

[0162] In a feasible implementation mode, when the modulation symbols are modulated according to the third constellation model, a1, a2, ..., a N3 Both can be expressed by the following formula:

[0163] a n =(2n-1+Δ)d;

[0164] b1, b2, …, b N3 Both can be expressed by the following formula:

[0165] b n =a n +β;

[0166] Among them, the value of n includes 1, 2, ..., N3; that is, a n It can be a1, a2, a3, or a N3 Etc. Similarly, b n It can be b1, b2, b3, or b N3 etc.

[0167] Furthermore, d is a positive real number, Δ and β are real numbers greater than or equal to 0, such that a1, a2, ..., a N3 Construct an arithmetic progression, b1, b2, ..., b N3 Form an arithmetic progression.

[0168] Furthermore, when the value of Δ is 0 and the value of d is 1, so that a n Satisfy a n =2n-1; when Δ is 1 and d is 1 / 2, then a n Satisfy a n =n; when Δ is 3 and d is 1 / 2, then a n Satisfy a n =n+1.

[0169] Alternatively, the value of Δ can be At this time, when the value of d is 1, making a n satisfy When the value of d is 1 / 2, so that a n satisfy

[0170] In a feasible implementation manner, when the modulation symbol is modulated according to the second constellation model or the third constellation model, β is equal to 0.

[0171] In a feasible implementation manner, when the modulation symbol is modulated according to the third constellation model, β is greater than 0.

[0172] In one feasible implementation, when the modulation symbols are modulated according to the first constellation model, the value of d is a value that makes the average power of the modulation symbols obtained by modulation using the first constellation model equal to 1. It will be understood that the value of d is a value that makes the average power of the modulation symbols obtained by modulation using the first constellation model equal to 1, that is, the value of d is such that the mean of the squared moduli of the constellation points in the first constellation model is 1, that is, the value of d is such that the average power of the first constellation model is 1, and this is not specifically limited herein.

[0173] In one feasible implementation, when the modulation symbols are modulated according to the second constellation model, the value of d is a value that makes the average power of the modulation symbols modulated using the second constellation model equal to 1. It will be understood that the value of d is a value that makes the average power of the modulation symbols modulated using the second constellation model equal to 1, that is, the value of d is such that the mean of the squared moduli of the constellation points in the second constellation model is 1, that is, the value of d is such that the average power of the second constellation model is 1, and this is not specifically limited herein.

[0174] In one feasible implementation, when the modulation symbols are modulated according to the third constellation model, the value of d is a value that makes the average power of the modulation symbols modulated using the third constellation model equal to 1. It will be understood that the value of d is a value that makes the average power of the modulation symbols modulated using the third constellation model equal to 1, that is, the value of d is such that the mean of the squared moduli of the constellation points in the third constellation model is 1, that is, the value of d is such that the average power of the third constellation model is 1, and this is not specifically limited herein.

[0175] In a feasible implementation manner, the value of θ can be 0; or, the value of θ can be π / 4, that is, satisfying the formula θ=π / 4, or, the value of θ can be π / 8, that is, satisfying the formula θ=π / 8, without specific limitation here.

[0176] In a feasible implementation manner, step S110 is further described. Step S110 may include:

[0177] The modulation symbols are transmitted to the second communication node in a preset common channel.

[0178] It is understandable that in an information transmission scenario in a connectionless state, the second communication node does not need to arrange special time-frequency resources for the information transmission of each first communication node, or does not need to arrange different time-frequency resources for the information transmission of each first communication node. The second communication node can pre-configure a common channel, which can be used to transmit modulation symbols. For example, a common channel can be configured through broadcast information, and all first communication nodes can be notified to transmit modulation symbols on the common channel. In other words, the first communication node does not need to establish a connection with the second communication node in advance, nor does it need to request the second communication node to allocate resources for uplink transmission. Instead, it can initiate information transmission to the second communication node by autonomously sending modulation symbols. This can simplify the operation of the first communication node to perform information transmission, thereby reducing the power consumption generated by the first communication node and reducing the signaling overhead of the second communication node.

[0179] In a feasible implementation manner, step S110 is further described. Step S110 may include:

[0180] The modulation symbol is transmitted to the second communication node using a target transmission resource in a preset common channel, wherein the target transmission resource is determined by the first communication node.

[0181] It is understandable that in an information transmission scenario in a connectionless state, the second communication node can pre-configure a common channel, for example, by configuring a common channel through broadcast information, and notifying all first communication nodes to transmit resources on the common channel. The first communication node does not need to establish a connection with the second communication node in advance, nor does it need to request the second communication node to allocate uplink transmission resources. The first communication node can autonomously determine the target transmission resources and use the target transmission resources to transmit the modulation symbols to the second communication node. That is, the first communication node can initiate information transmission to the second communication node by autonomously sending modulation symbols. This can simplify the operation of the first communication node to perform information transmission, thereby reducing the power consumption generated by the first communication node and reducing the signaling overhead of the second communication node.

[0182] Reference Figure 3 , a feasible implementation manner, further illustrating step S110, which may include but is not limited to step S210 and step S220.

[0183] Step S210: Determine a first number of pilot signals.

[0184] It can be understood that the pilot can be referred to as a pilot signal, or a reference signal (RS), or a demodulation reference signal, or a preamble, and the pilot is usually a sequence or a string of symbols in form, so the pilot is also referred to as a pilot sequence. Therefore, the plurality of pilots can be two or more pilot sequences, which are not specifically limited here.

[0185] Step S220: transmitting the modulation symbol and the first number of pilots to the second communication node.

[0186] The first number is greater than 1, that is, the first number can be 2, 3 or other values, which are not specifically limited here.

[0187] In this embodiment, by using the information transmission method including the above steps S210 and S220, the first communication node first determines the first number of pilots, and then sends the modulation symbol and the first number of pilots to the second communication node, so that the second communication node can estimate part of the channel information from the pilots, and further extract the channel information from the modulation symbol, which can reduce the number of pilots, reduce the probability of pilot collision, facilitate the second communication node to extract the channel information more easily, and effectively improve the demodulation performance of the second communication node.

[0188] It can be understood that for the scenario of a large number of first communication nodes in a connectionless state directly transmitting information to the second communication node, the first communication node can reduce the pilot pressure, improve the robustness of channel estimation, and enable the second communication node to maintain good demodulation performance when the pilot capability is limited, to ensure the efficient performance of the first communication node and the second communication node in the connectionless state.

[0189] In a feasible implementation, when the first number is greater than or equal to 2, the first number of pilots are independent of each other, that is, the first number of pilots are not associated or not related to each other. The technology of containing multiple pilots in one transmission and the pilots being not associated or independent of each other is referred to as independent multi-pilot technology, and the multiple independent pilots are referred to as independent multi-pilot.

[0190] It can be understood that the information transmission between the first communication node and the second communication node can use the independent multi-pilot technology, so that the probability of collision of independent multi-pilots of different first communication nodes at the same pilot cost is smaller than the probability of collision of traditional single pilots. Therefore, in the transmission scenario of the connectionless state, the independent multi-pilot technology can be used to support more first communication nodes to transmit information.

[0191] In a feasible implementation manner, when the value of the first number is greater than or equal to 2, the first number of pilot signals is determined according to information in the information packet.

[0192] In a feasible implementation manner, when the value of the first number is greater than or equal to 2, the first number of pilot signals is determined according to one or more bits of information in the information packet.

[0193] In this embodiment, one pilot can be determined based on one bit of information in the information packet; for example, one pilot can be determined based on two bits of information in the information packet; for example, both pilots are determined based on one bit of information in the information packet, and so on. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the first quantity and the number of bit information.

[0194] A feasible implementation method is that when the value of the first number is greater than or equal to 2, each pilot is determined from a preset pilot set based on the second number of bit information in the information packet, wherein the preset pilot set includes a third number of pilots, the second number is in a logarithmic function relationship with the third number, and the logarithmic function is a logarithmic function with base 2.

[0195] In this embodiment, the pilots transmitted by the first communication node to the second communication node are autonomously selected by the first communication node. Specifically, the first communication node determines the pilots from a preset pilot set. The preset pilot set includes a third number of pilots, and the second number is a logarithmic function of the third number, where the logarithmic function is a logarithmic function with a base of 2. For example, assuming the third number is D, the second number is log2(D). Specifically, each pilot is determined from the preset pilot set using log2(D) bits of information in the information packet, without specific limitation. It is understood that the third number can be 64, 128, or even greater, without specific limitation.

[0196] In a feasible implementation manner, the information transmission method further includes the following steps:

[0197] During the transmission of the modulation symbols to the second communication node in the connectionless state, no pilot is transmitted.

[0198] It can be understood that the first communication node only transmits modulation symbols to the second communication node in an unconnected state, and does not transmit pilot signals. Channel estimation is achieved through modulation symbols, which can save the overhead required for pilot signals, ensure the efficient performance of information transmission between the first communication node and the second communication node in an unconnected state, and support a large number of first communication nodes to achieve high-spectral-efficiency information transmission.

[0199] in addition, Figure 4 Another embodiment of the present application provides an information transmission method, which is applied to the second communication node. The information transmission method may include but is not limited to step S310.

[0200] Step S310: receiving the modulation symbol sent by the first communication node in the connectionless state.

[0201] The modulation symbol is obtained by modulating M1+1 bits of information in the information packet according to a first constellation model, the first constellation model containing 2*N1 constellation points, M1 being an integer greater than or equal to 1, N1 and M1 satisfying the formula N1=2 M1 ;

[0202] The complex form corresponding to the 2*N1 constellation points in the first constellation model includes the following:

[0203] a1e jθ , a2e jθ , …, a N1 e jθ ,

[0204] a1e j(θ+π) , a2e j(θ+π) , …, a N1 e j(θ+π) ;

[0205] π is the ratio of the circumference to the diameter; j is an imaginary number; the value of j is equal to e is the natural logarithm; θ is a real number; a1, a2, …, a N1 are all positive numbers, and satisfy: 0 N1 ;

[0206] Or,

[0207] The modulation symbol is obtained by modulating M2+2 bits of information in the information packet according to a second constellation model, the second constellation model containing 4*N2 constellation points, M2 being an integer greater than or equal to 1, N2 and M2 satisfying the formula N2=2 M2 ;

[0208] The complex form corresponding to the 4*N2 constellation points in the second constellation model includes the following:

[0209] a1e jθ , a2e jθ , …, a N2 e jθ ,

[0210] b1e j(θ+π / 2) , b2e j(θ+π / 2) , …, b N2 e j(θ+π / 2) ,

[0211] a1e j(θ+π) , a2e j(θ+π) , …, a N2e j(θ+π) ,

[0212] b1e j(θ+3π / 2) , b2e j(θ+3π / 2) ,…,b N2 e j(θ+3π / 2) ;

[0213] π is the ratio of circumference to circumference; j is an imaginary number; the value of j is equal to e is the natural logarithm; θ is a real number; a1, a2,…, a N2 and b1, b2, …, b N2 are all positive numbers and satisfy: 0<a1<a2<…<a N2 , 0<b1<b2<…<b N2 ;

[0214] or,

[0215] The modulation symbol is obtained by modulating the M3+3 bits of information in the information packet according to the third constellation model. The third constellation model includes 8*N3 constellation points, M3 is an integer greater than or equal to 0, and N3 and M3 satisfy the formula N3=2 M3 ;

[0216] The complex forms corresponding to the 8*N3 constellation points in the third constellation diagram model include the following:

[0217] a1e jθ , a2e jθ ,…,a N3 e jθ ,

[0218]

[0219]

[0220]

[0221] a1e j(θ+π) , a2e j(θ+π) ,…,a N3 e j(θ+π) ,

[0222]

[0223]

[0224]

[0225] π is the ratio of circumference to circumference; j is an imaginary number; the value of j is equal to e is the natural logarithm; θ is a real number; a1, a2,…, a N3and b1, b2, …, b N3 are all positive numbers and satisfy: 0<a1<a2<…<a N3 , 0<b1<b2<…<b N3 .

[0226] In this embodiment, by adopting the information transmission method including the above-mentioned step S310, the second communication node can receive the modulation symbol sent by the first communication node in an unconnected state, and the first communication node does not need to perform a series of signaling interaction processes with the second communication node before each information transmission, thereby effectively reducing the terminal power consumption and system signaling overhead. At the same time, the modulation symbol can be obtained by modulating multiple bits of information in the information packet according to the first constellation model, the second constellation model, or the third constellation model, that is, the modulation symbol can carry multiple bits of information, thereby realizing high-order modulation. Moreover, the modulation symbol modulated according to the first constellation model, the second constellation model, or the third constellation model can improve the robustness of the channel estimation, making it easier for the second communication node to extract the channel information, and can improve the demodulation performance of the second communication node. Therefore, the embodiment of the present application can support a large number of first communication nodes to achieve high-spectral-efficiency information transmission while reducing terminal power consumption and system signaling overhead.

[0227] In a feasible implementation mode, when the modulation symbols are modulated according to the first constellation model, a1, a2, ..., a N1 can be expressed by the following formula, namely

[0228] a n =(2n-1+Δ)d;

[0229] Among them, the value of n includes 1, 2, ..., N1; that is, a n It can be a1, a2, a3, or a N1 etc.

[0230] Furthermore, d is a positive real number, Δ is a real number greater than or equal to 0, such that a1, a2, ..., a N1 Form an arithmetic progression.

[0231] Furthermore, when the value of Δ is 0 and the value of d is 1, so that a n Satisfy a n =2n-1; when Δ is 1 and d is 1 / 2, then a n Satisfy a n =n; when Δ is 3 and d is 1 / 2, then a n Satisfy a n =n+1.

[0232] Alternatively, the value of △ can be At this time, when the value of d is 1, making a n satisfy When the value of d is 1 / 2, so that a n satisfy

[0233] In a feasible implementation mode, when the modulation symbols are modulated according to the second constellation model, a1, a2, ..., a N2 Both can be expressed by the following formula:

[0234] a n =(2n-1+Δ)d;

[0235] b1, b2, …, b N2 Both can be expressed by the following formula:

[0236] b n =a n +β;

[0237] Among them, the value of n includes 1, 2, ..., N2; that is, a n It can be a1, a2, a3, or a N2 Etc. Similarly, b n It can be b1, b2, b3, or b N2 etc.

[0238] Furthermore, d is a positive real number, Δ and β are real numbers greater than or equal to 0, such that a1, a2, ..., a N2 Construct an arithmetic progression, b1, b2, ..., b N2 Form an arithmetic progression.

[0239] Furthermore, when the value of Δ is 0 and the value of d is 1, so that a n Satisfy a n =2n-1; when Δ is 1 and d is 1 / 2, then a n Satisfy a n =n; when Δ is 3 and d is 1 / 2, then a n Satisfy a n =n+1.

[0240] Alternatively, the value of △ can be At this time, when the value of d is 1, an satisfies When the value of d is 1 / 2, an satisfies

[0241] In a feasible implementation mode, when the modulation symbols are modulated according to the third constellation model, a1, a2, ..., a N3Both can be expressed by the following formula:

[0242] a n =(2n-1+Δ)d;

[0243] b1, b2, …, b N3 Both can be expressed by the following formula:

[0244] b n =a n +β;

[0245] Among them, the value of n includes 1, 2, ..., N3; that is, a n It can be a1, a2, a3, or a N3 Etc. Similarly, b n It can be b1, b2, b3, or b N3 etc.

[0246] Furthermore, d is a positive real number, Δ and β are real numbers greater than or equal to 0, so that a1, a2, ..., a N3 Construct an arithmetic progression, b1, b2,…, b N3 Form an arithmetic progression.

[0247] Furthermore, when the value of Δ is 0 and the value of d is 1, so that a n Satisfy a n =2n-1; when Δ is 1 and d is 1 / 2, then a n Satisfy a n =n; when Δ is 3 and d is 1 / 2, then a n Satisfy a n =n+1.

[0248] Alternatively, the value of Δ can be At this time, when the value of d is 1, making a n satisfy When the value of d is 1 / 2, so that a n satisfy

[0249] In a feasible implementation manner, when the modulation symbol is modulated according to the second constellation model or the third constellation model, β is equal to 0.

[0250] In a feasible implementation manner, when the modulation symbol is modulated according to the third constellation model, β is greater than 0.

[0251] In an embodiment, when the modulation symbol is modulated according to the first constellation model, the value of d is a value that makes the average power of the modulation symbol modulated according to the first constellation model equal to 1. It can be understood that the value of d is a value that makes the average power of the modulation symbol modulated according to the first constellation model equal to 1, i.e., the value of d makes the average of the square of the modulus of the constellation points in the first constellation model equal to 1, i.e., the value of d makes the average power of the first constellation model equal to 1, which is not specifically limited herein.

[0252] In an embodiment, when the modulation symbol is modulated according to the second constellation model, the value of d is a value that makes the average power of the modulation symbol modulated according to the second constellation model equal to 1. It can be understood that the value of d is a value that makes the average power of the modulation symbol modulated according to the second constellation model equal to 1, i.e., the value of d makes the average of the square of the modulus of the constellation points in the second constellation model equal to 1, i.e., the value of d makes the average power of the second constellation model equal to 1, which is not specifically limited herein.

[0253] In an embodiment, when the modulation symbol is modulated according to the third constellation model, the value of d is a value that makes the average power of the modulation symbol modulated according to the third constellation model equal to 1. It can be understood that the value of d is a value that makes the average power of the modulation symbol modulated according to the third constellation model equal to 1, i.e., the value of d makes the average of the square of the modulus of the constellation points in the third constellation model equal to 1, i.e., the value of d makes the average power of the third constellation model equal to 1, which is not specifically limited herein.

[0254] In an embodiment, the value of θ can be 0; or the value of θ can be π / 4, i.e., satisfying the formula θ = π / 4, or the value of θ can be π / 8, i.e., satisfying the formula θ = π / 8, which is not specifically limited herein.

[0255] In an embodiment, step S310 is further described, which can include:

[0256] Receiving the modulation symbol sent by the first communication node through the preset public channel in the connectionless state.

[0257] It is understandable that in an information transmission scenario in a disconnected state, the second communication node does not need to arrange dedicated time-frequency resources for the information transmission of each first communication node, or in other words, it does not need to arrange different time-frequency resources for the information transmission of each first communication node. The second communication node can pre-configure a common channel, which can be used to transmit modulation symbols. For example, a common channel can be configured through broadcast information, and all first communication nodes can be notified to transmit modulation symbols on the common channel. In other words, the first communication node does not need to establish a connection with the second communication node in advance, nor does it need to request the second communication node to allocate uplink transmission resources. The second communication node can receive the modulation symbols sent by the first communication node through the preset common channel in a disconnected state and transmit information with the first communication node, that is, the first communication node initiates information transmission to the second communication node. This can simplify the operation of the first communication node to perform information transmission, thereby reducing the power consumption generated by the first communication node and reducing the signaling overhead of the second communication node.

[0258] In a feasible implementation manner, step S310 is further described. Step S310 may include:

[0259] A modulation symbol is received that is sent by a first communication node through a preset common channel using a target transmission resource in a connectionless state, wherein the target transmission resource is determined by the first communication node.

[0260] It is understandable that in an information transmission scenario in a connectionless state, the second communication node can pre-configure a common channel, for example, it can configure a common channel through broadcast information, and notify all first communication nodes to transmit resources on the common channel. The first communication node does not need to establish a connection with the second communication node in advance, nor does it need to request the second communication node to allocate resources for uplink transmission. When the first communication node is in a connectionless state, it can autonomously determine the target transmission resource. The second communication node receives the modulation symbol sent by the first communication node through the preset common channel using the target transmission resource and transmits information with the first communication node. That is, the first communication node can initiate information transmission to the second communication node by autonomously sending modulation symbols. This can simplify the operation of the first communication node to transmit information, thereby reducing the power consumption generated by the first communication node and reducing the signaling overhead of the second communication node.

[0261] In a feasible implementation manner, step S310 is further described. Step S310 may include:

[0262] A modulation symbol and a first number of pilots sent by a first communication node in a connectionless state are received, wherein the first number is greater than one.

[0263] The value of the first number is greater than 1, that is, the value of the first number can be 2, 3 or other values, and is not specifically limited here.

[0264] In this embodiment, when the first communication node is in an unconnected state, the second communication node receives the modulation symbols and the first number of pilots sent by the first communication node, and can estimate part of the channel information from the pilots, and further extract the channel information from the modulation symbols. This can reduce the number of pilots and the probability of pilot collision, making it easier for the second communication node to extract the channel information, and can effectively improve the demodulation performance of the second communication node.

[0265] It can be understood that in the scenario where a large number of first communication nodes directly transmit information with the second communication node when they are in a disconnected state, the second communication node receives the modulation symbols and pilots sent by the first communication node, which can reduce the pilot pressure and improve the robustness of the channel estimation, so that the second communication node can still maintain good demodulation performance when the pilot capacity is limited, thereby ensuring the efficient performance of information transmission between the first communication node and the second communication node in a disconnected state.

[0266] In one feasible implementation, when the value of the first number is greater than or equal to 2, the first number of pilots are independent of each other, that is, the first number of pilots are not correlated or related to each other. A technology in which multiple pilots are included in a single transmission and the pilots are independent of each other or independent of each other is called an independent multi-pilot technology, and the multiple independent pilots are called independent multi-pilots.

[0267] It is understood that information transmission between the first communication node and the second communication node can use independent multi-pilot technology. In this way, under the same pilot overhead, the probability of simultaneous collision of independent multi-pilots from different first communication nodes is lower than the probability of collision of traditional single pilots. Therefore, in a connectionless transmission scenario, independent multi-pilot technology can be used to support information transmission by more first communication nodes.

[0268] In a feasible implementation manner, when the value of the first number is greater than or equal to 2, the first number of pilot signals is determined according to information in the information packet.

[0269] In this embodiment, one pilot can be determined based on one bit of information in the information packet; for example, one pilot can be determined based on two bits of information in the information packet; for example, both pilots are determined based on one bit of information in the information packet, and so on. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the first quantity and the number of bit information.

[0270] A feasible implementation method is that when the value of the first number is greater than or equal to 2, each pilot is determined from a preset pilot set based on the second number of bit information in the information packet, wherein the preset pilot set includes a third number of pilots, the second number is in a logarithmic function relationship with the third number, and the logarithmic function is a logarithmic function with base 2.

[0271] In this embodiment, the pilot transmitted by the first communication node in a disconnected state and received by the second communication node is autonomously selected by the first communication node. Specifically, the first communication node determines the pilot from a preset pilot set. The preset pilot set includes a third number of pilots, and the second number is a logarithmic function of the third number, where the logarithmic function is a logarithmic function with a base of 2. For example, assuming the third number is D, the second number is log2(D). Specifically, each pilot is determined from the preset pilot set using log2(D) bits of information in the information packet, without specific limitation. It is understood that the third number can be 64, 128, or more, without specific limitation.

[0272] In a feasible implementation manner, the information transmission method further includes the following steps:

[0273] In the process of receiving the modulation symbols sent by the first communication node in the connectionless state, no pilot is received.

[0274] It can be understood that the second communication node does not receive the pilot signal during the process of receiving the modulation symbols sent by the first communication node in an unconnected state, that is, the second communication node only receives the modulation symbols. The second communication node can realize channel estimation through the modulation symbols, which can save the overhead required for the pilot signal, ensure the efficient performance of information transmission between the first communication node and the second communication node in an unconnected state, and support a large number of first communication nodes to realize high-spectral-efficiency information transmission.

[0275] like Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 : is a schematic diagram of a first constellation diagram model and a second constellation diagram model provided in an embodiment of the present application. In one embodiment, the second constellation diagram model can be as follows: Figure 5 The cross-shaped constellation diagram corresponding to the coordinate system in the lower left corner or the cross-shaped constellation diagram corresponding to the coordinate system in the lower right corner, wherein the cross-shaped constellation diagram is a constellation diagram in which half of the constellation points are located on a straight line passing through the zero point (i.e., the origin), and the other half of the constellation points are located on another straight line passing through the zero point (i.e., the origin), and these two straight lines are perpendicular to each other. The cross-shaped constellation diagram has the advantages of high spectral efficiency and simple geometric shape. Specifically, Figure 5The cross-shaped constellation diagram shown in is a constellation diagram in a two-dimensional signal plane. These cross-shaped constellations include 16 constellation points, each constellation point corresponds to a modulation symbol, and each modulation symbol can carry 4 bits of information, that is, 4 bits of information will be mapped (ie, modulated) into one modulation symbol. Among them, Figure 5 The constellation points in the cross-shaped constellation diagram in the lower left corner are distributed on the x-axis (i.e., I path) and the y-axis (i.e., Q path); Figure 5 The constellation points in the cross-shaped constellation diagram in the lower right corner are distributed on the straight line at 45° and the straight line at 135° passing through the origin. Figure 5 The cross-shaped constellation diagram in the lower right corner can be Figure 5 The cross constellation diagram in the lower left corner is rotated 45 degrees to form the second constellation diagram model. It can be understood that the second constellation diagram model can also be in addition to the following Figure 5 For other cross-shaped constellation diagrams other than the cross-shaped constellation diagrams shown in the lower left corner and the lower right corner, the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the form of the second constellation diagram model.

[0276] like Figure 5 As shown, in one embodiment, the first constellation model can be as follows Figure 5 The PAM (Pulse Amplitude Modulation) constellation diagram corresponding to the coordinate system in the upper left corner or the PAM constellation diagram corresponding to the coordinate system in the upper right corner is a linear constellation diagram, wherein all constellation points of the PAM constellation diagram are on a straight line passing through the zero point (i.e., the origin). It is understandable that the first constellation diagram model can also be in addition to the following Figure 5 For other PAM constellation diagrams other than the PAM constellation diagrams shown in the upper left corner and the upper right corner, the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the form of the first constellation diagram model.

[0277] Specifically, each modulation symbol (i.e., each constellation point) can carry multiple bits of information, enabling high-order modulation and high spectral efficiency. In one embodiment, each modulation symbol can carry four bits of information, meaning that four bits of information are mapped (i.e., modulated) into one modulation symbol. In another embodiment, each modulation symbol can carry five bits, meaning that five bits of information are mapped (i.e., modulated) into one modulation symbol.

[0278] It can be understood that the linear constellation diagram (i.e., PAM constellation diagram), cross constellation diagram and 8-arm constellation diagram corresponding to the modulation symbols all have the advantage of simple geometric shapes. Even if the modulation symbols received by the receiving side (i.e., the second communication node) have undergone channel rotation and scaling, the constellation diagram corresponding to the modulation symbols is only a linear constellation diagram, cross constellation diagram or 8-arm constellation diagram that has been rotated and scaled, and the resulting geometric shape is still relatively simple.

[0279] Since a linear constellation diagram is a relatively simple constellation diagram and is usually easier to process than a cross constellation diagram, the following description will take a slightly more complex cross constellation diagram as an example.

[0280] like Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the cross constellation diagram before and after channel rotation and scaling, where Figure 6 The coordinate system on the left is a schematic diagram of the cross constellation diagram corresponding to the transmitted modulation symbol s (i.e., the modulation symbol s at the first communication node that has not been subjected to channel rotation and scaling). Figure 6 The intermediate coordinate system is a schematic diagram of the cross constellation diagram corresponding to the modulation symbol h*s (i.e., h multiplied by s, also expressed as h·s or hs) after rotation and scaling received by the second communication node, where the complex number h is the rotation scaling amount.

[0281] It is worth noting that Figure 6 The intermediate coordinate system is a schematic diagram of a cross constellation diagram corresponding to the received modulation symbol without AWGN (ie, the modulation symbol received by the second communication node after rotation and scaling). Figure 6 The coordinate system on the right is a schematic diagram of the cross-shaped constellation diagram corresponding to the received modulation symbol (y=h*s+n) with AWGN. It can be understood that Figure 6 The constellation diagram shown on the right can be obtained by Figure 6 The constellation points in the constellation diagram shown in the middle are formed by adding the complex numbers corresponding to AWGN, that is, the constellation points corresponding to the received modulation symbols (h*s+n) with AWGN will be Figure 6 The constellation point (h*s) corresponding to the constellation diagram shown in the middle is distributed around the constellation point according to the probability density of AWGN. Figure 6 In the constellation diagram on the right, the colors of the constellation points change from dark to light from the center to the edge. The constellation points are the set of points formed by the corresponding modulation symbols affected by AWGN. Figure 6 The constellation diagram on the right also shows that even with AWGN, the general shape of the cross constellation diagram corresponding to the received modulation symbol is still a cross. Therefore, the receiving side (i.e., the second communication node) can use the following Figure 6 The geometric shape of the cross constellation diagram shown on the right is used to estimate the rotation and scaling of the constellation diagram, that is, to estimate h.

[0282] The following is a detailed description of a rotation scaling estimation method:

[0283] like Figure 7 As shown, first, the two-dimensional plane (i.e., the two-dimensional signal plane) is divided into four partitions, and two typical methods can be used for partitioning. Specifically, Figure 7As shown in the coordinate system on the left, in the first partitioning method, the four quadrants are divided into four partitions, that is, the x-axis and y-axis are the partition lines. Among them, the area filled with oblique lines is partition 1, the area filled with fine dots is partition 2, the area filled with vertical lines is partition 3, and the area filled with bricks is partition 4; Figure 7 As shown in the coordinate system on the right, the four partitions in the second partitioning method are formed by rotating the four partitions in the first partitioning method by 45°, that is, the area enclosed by the 45° ray emitted from the origin to the 135° ray emitted from the origin is partition 1, where partition 1 is filled with oblique lines; the area enclosed by the 135° ray emitted from the origin to the 225° ray emitted from the origin is partition 2, where partition 2 is filled with fine dots; the area enclosed by the 225° ray emitted from the origin to the 315° ray emitted from the origin is partition 3, where partition 3 is filled with vertical lines; the area enclosed by the 315° ray emitted from the origin to the 45° ray emitted from the origin is partition 4, where partition 4 is filled with bricks. Figure 7 The two partitioning methods shown determine the partition to which a constellation point belongs. Simply performing some simple addition and subtraction on the constellation point coordinates is sufficient to determine the specific partition to which the constellation point belongs, without requiring complex multiplication operations. This demonstrates the simplicity of the determination method. In addition to the two partitioning methods described above, other partitioning methods can be used to divide the two-dimensional plane into four partitions, which are not specifically limited in this embodiment of the present application.

[0284] like Figures 6 to 8 As shown, after the receiving side (i.e., the second communication node) divides the two-dimensional signal plane into four partitions, the constellation points in each partition (i.e., the modulation symbols corresponding to each constellation point) are added up, and then divided by the number of constellation points in the partition (i.e., the number of modulation symbols). Then, a coordinate can be calculated, which is the center of the constellation point of the partition. Figure 6 The cross-shaped constellation diagram in the middle is Figure 6 The cross-shaped constellation diagram shown on the left is a schematic diagram of the constellation diagram formed after rotation and scaling. Figure 7 Taking the partition shown in the coordinate system on the left as an example, after partitioning, all constellation points are divided into 4 parts, such as Figure 8 As shown in the middle coordinate system and the right coordinate system, the constellation point center c1 of partition 1 can be obtained by adding up the constellation points in partition 1 and dividing it by the number of constellation points in the partition. Figure 8 The position of the triangle shown in the coordinate system on the right; similarly, by adding up the constellation points in partition 2 and dividing it by the number of constellation points in the partition, we can get the constellation point center c2 of partition 2, that is, Figure 8The position of the quadrilateral shown in the coordinate system on the right; add up the constellation points in partition 3 and divide it by the number of constellation points in the partition to get the constellation point center c3 of partition 3, that is Figure 8 The position of the five-pointed star shown in the coordinate system on the right; add up the constellation points in partition 4 and divide it by the number of constellation points in the partition to get the constellation point center c4 of partition 4, that is Figure 8 The position of the hexagonal star is shown in the coordinate system on the right.

[0285] like Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown in the figure, the rotation and scaling of the entire constellation diagram can be obtained according to the constellation point centers of all partitions. Specifically, Figure 8 Taking a partitioning method shown as an example, assuming that the calculated constellation point centers of the four partitions are c1, c2, c3, and c4, respectively, c2′ is obtained by rotating the constellation point center c2 of partition 2 clockwise by 90°, that is, c2′=c2*(-j); c3′ is obtained by rotating the constellation point center c3 of partition 3 clockwise by 180°, that is, c3′=-c3; c4′ is obtained by rotating the constellation point center c4 of partition 4 counterclockwise by 90°, that is, c4′=c4*j; then, based on c1, c2′, c3′, and c4′, the rotation scaling amount c of the entire constellation diagram can be estimated, where the rotation scaling amount c can be expressed by the following formula:

[0286] c=(c1+c2′+c3′+c4′) / 4

[0287] In the presence of AWGN, especially when some modulation symbols are subject to large AWGN, some modulation symbols may be handed over. In order to estimate the rotation and scaling more accurately, it is usually necessary to use the following method: Figure 7 For the two partitioning methods shown in , two rotation scaling values ​​of the constellation diagram are calculated according to the above estimation method for the two partitioning methods respectively, and then the larger modulus of the two rotation scaling values ​​is used as the rotation scaling value of the constellation diagram.

[0288] like Figure 5 As shown, for Figure 5For the linear constellation diagram shown in the upper left or upper right corner, only two partitions can be used to calculate the rotation and scaling of the constellation diagram. For example, after the receiving side (i.e., the second communication node) divides the two-dimensional signal plane into two partitions along the y-axis, the constellation points in each partition (i.e., the modulation symbols corresponding to each constellation point) are added up, and then divided by the number of constellation points in the partition (i.e., the number of modulation symbols). Then, a constellation point, i.e., the constellation point center of the partition, can be calculated. The rotation and scaling of the entire constellation diagram is then obtained by using the constellation point centers of all partitions. Assume that the right side of the x-axis (i.e., x>=0) is partition 1, and the constellation point center of partition 1 is c1; the left side of the x-axis (i.e., x<0) is partition 2, and the constellation point center of partition 2 is c2. By rotating the constellation point center c2 of partition 2 clockwise by 90°, c2′ is obtained, i.e., c2′=-c2. Then, based on c1 and c2′, the rotation and scaling c of the entire constellation diagram can be estimated, where the rotation and scaling c can be expressed by the following formula:

[0289] c=(c1+c2′) / 2

[0290] In order to more accurately estimate the rotation scaling amount, the following four different 2-partitioning methods can be used for partitioning. In the first partitioning method, the x-axis is used as the partition line to divide the two-dimensional signal plane into two partitions; in the second method, the y-axis is used as the partition line to divide the two-dimensional signal plane into two partitions; in the third partitioning method, the 45° straight line passing through the origin is used as the partition line to divide the two-dimensional signal plane into two partitions; in the fourth partitioning method, the 135° straight line passing through the origin is used as the partition line to divide the two-dimensional signal plane into two partitions.

[0291] Based on the above four different 2-partition methods, four rotation scaling amounts are calculated, and then the one with the largest modulus among the four rotation scaling amounts is used as the rotation scaling amount of the constellation diagram. After the receiving side (i.e., the second communication node) estimates the rotation scaling amount of the constellation diagram, the rotation scaling amount experienced by the constellation diagram can be balanced to obtain a constellation diagram without distortion and only affected by AWGN.

[0292] Therefore, the multiple modulation symbols obtained through the first constellation model, the second constellation model or the third constellation model can form a constellation with a simple geometric shape, and after the modulation symbols are distorted by rotation and scaling due to channel interference, the formed constellation still presents a simple geometric shape. Therefore, the information transmission method of the present application can compensate only through the shape characteristics of the constellation, thereby eliminating the need to increase pilot overhead to improve demodulation performance and ensure high-frequency spectrum efficiency.

[0293] It can be understood that the rotation and scaling amount of the modulation symbol includes a rotation amount and a scaling amount.

[0294] The information transmission method provided in the above embodiment is described in detail below using specific examples:

[0295] Example 1:

[0296] Reference Figure 6 , Figure 6 The cross-shaped constellation diagram in can be divided into two parts, and the constellation points of each part are on a straight line passing through the zero point (i.e. the origin). For example, Figure 6 In the cross-shaped constellation diagram corresponding to the coordinate system on the left, half of the constellation points fall on the straight line of the x-axis, and the other half fall on the straight line of the y-axis. Figure 6 Half of the constellation points in the cross-shaped constellation diagram corresponding to the intermediate coordinate system fall on a straight line passing through the zero point (i.e., the origin) at an angle of 45° to the positive semi-axis of the x-axis, and the other half of the constellation points fall on a straight line passing through the zero point (i.e., the origin) at an angle of 135° to the positive semi-axis of the x-axis.

[0297] Specifically, if the distances between adjacent constellation points on a straight line passing through the origin are equal, and the distance between two adjacent points is set to 2d, then among the four constellation points closest to the origin, the distances between adjacent constellation points are only That is to say, among the four constellation points closest to the origin, the distance between adjacent constellation points will be smaller than the distance between adjacent constellation points on the same straight line, that is, the four constellation points closest to the origin are more densely distributed. Therefore, the constellation diagram is more susceptible to AWGN interference, which will lead to a decrease in demodulation performance.

[0298] In addition, the cross-shaped constellation diagram can be divided into 4 parts, for example, Figure 6 The cross-shaped constellation diagram corresponding to the coordinate system on the left can be obtained according to Figure 7 The partitioning form shown in the coordinate system on the right will be as follows Figure 6 The constellation points in the cross-shaped constellation diagram corresponding to the left coordinate system are divided into 4 parts, among which the constellation points in the first part are the constellation points greater than 0 on the x-axis, that is, the constellation points falling on the positive half axis of the x-axis. Figure 7 Partition 4 of the coordinate system on the right; the constellation points in the second part are the constellation points on the x-axis that are less than 0, that is, the constellation points that fall on the negative half axis of the x-axis, where the second part corresponds to Figure 7 Partition 2 of the coordinate system on the right; the constellation points in the third part are the constellation points on the y-axis that are greater than 0, that is, the constellation points that fall on the positive half axis of the y-axis, where the third part corresponds to Figure 7 Partition 1 of the coordinate system on the right; the constellation points in the fourth part are the constellation points on the y-axis that are less than 0, that is, the constellation points that fall on the negative half axis of the y-axis, where the fourth part corresponds to Figure 7 Partition 3 of the coordinate system on the right.

[0299] Furthermore, in order to avoid the above problem (i.e., among the four constellation points closest to the origin, the distance between adjacent constellation points will be smaller than the distance between adjacent constellation points on the same straight line), an offset Δ greater than 0 can be added to the constellation points of the four parts of the cross-shaped constellation diagram, so that among the four constellation points closest to the origin, the distance between adjacent constellation points is greater than the distance between adjacent constellation points on the same straight line. That is, the constellation points of the four parts are all offset in a direction away from the origin, thereby avoiding the four constellation points closest to the origin from being densely distributed, thereby improving demodulation performance.

[0300] Alternatively, the constellation points of the four parts of the cross-shaped constellation diagram may not be superimposed with an offset Δ greater than 0, that is, the offset of the constellation points of each part of the cross-shaped constellation diagram is 0. In a cross-shaped constellation diagram in which the offsets of the constellation points of all parts are 0, the distances between adjacent constellation points on the same straight line are equal, and therefore, the average power of the constellation diagram is lower. Specifically, in a n =(2n-1+Δ)d, the value of Δ can be at this time, Among the four constellation points closest to the origin, the distance between adjacent constellation points is 2d, and the distance between adjacent constellation points on the same straight line is also 2d. That is, among the four constellation points closest to the origin, the distance between adjacent constellation points is equal to the distance between adjacent constellation points on the same straight line in each part.

[0301] It is understandable that in order to improve the transmission performance of the four constellation points closest to the origin in the cross constellation diagram, the distance between adjacent constellation points in the four constellation points closest to the origin can be increased, so that the formed cross constellation diagram expands outward, avoiding the four constellation points closest to the origin from being too densely distributed, thereby reducing the impact of AWGN on the constellation points (i.e., modulation symbols) and improving the robustness of the cross constellation diagram. For example, it can be set a n =nd, d is a positive real number, so that among the four constellation points closest to the origin, the distance between adjacent constellation points is The distance between adjacent constellation points on the same straight line in each portion is d, that is, among the four constellation points closest to the origin, the distance between adjacent constellation points is greater than the distance between adjacent constellation points on the same straight line in each portion, that is, the constellation points of the four portions are offset in a direction away from the origin to reduce the impact of AWGN on the constellation points (i.e., modulation symbols), thereby improving the demodulation performance of the second communication node. However, since adding an offset Δ greater than 0 to the constellation points of the four portions of the cross constellation diagram will increase the average power of the constellation diagram, some scenarios may also use a cross constellation diagram with an offset Δ of 0, which is not specifically limited here.

[0302] Example 2:

[0303] The value of Δ satisfies the formula For example, refer to Figure 9 When the second constellation model is a cross constellation, when the value of M2 is 1, the 3 bits of information in the information packet can be modulated using the second constellation model to obtain a modulation symbol. Since N2 = 2 M2 , corresponding to N2=2, therefore, the second constellation model is a cross constellation including 8 constellation points, where the value of d is 1, i.e., the scaling amount of the cross constellation is 1; the value of θ is 0, i.e., the rotation amount of the cross constellation is 0, that is, the constellation points in the cross constellation are distributed on the x-axis (i.e., I path) and the y-axis (i.e., Q path). Next, by It can be seen that Therefore, constellation point a1e j0 (ie s1) and constellation point b1e j(0+π / 2) The distance between them (i.e. s3) is 2, i.e. where e j0 =cos 0+j sin 0=1,e j(0+π / 2) = cos(0+π / 2)+j sin(0+π / 2)=j, so it can be determined that the distance between adjacent constellation points on the same straight line is 2. Similarly, constellation point a1e j0 (ie s1) and constellation point a2e j0 The distance between them (i.e. s2) is 2, i.e. The distance between the adjacent points of the 4 constellation points closest to the origin is 2. Therefore, the distance between constellation points s1 and s3 is equal to the distance between constellation points s1 and s2. Therefore, the distance between the adjacent points of the 4 constellation points closest to the origin is equal to the distance between adjacent constellation points on the same straight line. Among them, the coordinates of constellation point s1 are The coordinates of constellation point s2 are The coordinates of constellation point s3 are It is understandable that the two-dimensional coordinates of other constellation points can be calculated using the complex forms corresponding to the constellation points in the second constellation diagram model, which will not be described in detail here.

[0304] From this we can see that when Δ is equal to In the case of Figure 9 The two-dimensional coordinates of the eight constellation points shown are as follows:

[0305]

[0306]

[0307]

[0308]

[0309] In addition, the two-dimensional coordinates of the eight constellation points can include the following:

[0310] (1+Δ, 0), (3+Δ, 0),

[0311] (0, 1+Δ), (0, 3+Δ),

[0312] (-(1+Δ), 0),(-(3+Δ), 0),

[0313] (0, -(1+Δ)), (0, -(3+Δ))

[0314] where Δ can be expressed by a limited decimal number, for example, which is not specifically limited herein.

[0315] When power normalization is required for the second constellation model, the two-dimensional coordinates of the eight constellation points corresponding to the second constellation model can be multiplied by a normalization factor.

[0316] Example Three:

[0317] For example, Δ satisfies the formula Referring to Figure 10 When the second constellation model is a cross constellation, and M2 is 1, i.e., the second constellation model can be used to modulate three bits of information in the information packet to obtain a modulation symbol, and N2=2 M2 , it is obtained that N2=2, and thus the second constellation model is a cross constellation including eight constellation points, where the value of d is 1, i.e., the scaling amount of the cross constellation is 1; the value of θ is π / 4, i.e., the rotation amount of the cross constellation is π / 4, which means that half of the constellation points in the cross constellation fall on a straight line passing through the zero point (i.e., the origin) and forming a 45° angle with the positive half of the x-axis, and the other half of the constellation points fall on a straight line passing through the zero point (i.e., the origin) and forming a 135° angle with the positive half of the x-axis. Then, from , it is known that Then And Therefore, the coordinates of the constellation point s1 corresponding to a1e jπ / 4 are (1, 1), and the coordinates of the constellation point s2 corresponding to a2e jπ / 4 are It is understandable that the two-dimensional coordinates of other constellation points can be calculated using the complex forms corresponding to the constellation points in the second constellation diagram model, which will not be described in detail here.

[0318] From this we can see that when Δ is equal to In the case of Figure 10 The two-dimensional coordinates of the eight constellation points shown are as follows:

[0319]

[0320]

[0321]

[0322]

[0323] It is understandable that the value of Δ can also satisfy the formula Here, Δ can be expressed by a finite decimal, for example, Δ=1-0.707=0.293, which is not specifically limited here.

[0324] When the value of Δ satisfies the formula The two-dimensional coordinates of the eight constellation points may include the following:

[0325]

[0326]

[0327]

[0328]

[0329] When power normalization needs to be performed on the second constellation model, the two-dimensional coordinates of the eight constellation points corresponding to the second constellation model may be uniformly multiplied by a normalization factor.

[0330] Example 4:

[0331] Reference Figure 11 When the second constellation model is a cross constellation, when M2 is 2, the 4 bits of information in the information packet can be modulated using the second constellation model to obtain a modulation symbol. Since N2 = 2 M2 , corresponding to N2=4, therefore, the second constellation model is a cross constellation with 16 constellation points, where the value of d is 1, i.e., the scaling amount of the cross constellation is 1; the value of θ is 0, i.e., the rotation amount of the cross constellation is 0, that is, the constellation points in the cross constellation are distributed on the x-axis (i.e., I path) and the y-axis (i.e., Q path). Next, by It can be seen that Due to e j0 =cos 0+j sin 0=1, so Thus, a1e can be determined j0 with a2e j0 The distance between adjacent constellation points on the same straight line is 2. In addition, according to b n =a n +β, when β is 0, we can get b n =a n , that is, b n with a n Equal, because e j(0+π / 2) =cos(0+π / 2)+j sin(0+π / 2)=j, therefore, Thus, a1e can be determined j0 with b1e j(0+π / 2) The distance between the adjacent points of the 4 constellation points closest to the origin is 2. Therefore, the distance between the adjacent points of the 4 constellation points closest to the origin is equal to the distance between adjacent constellation points on the same straight line. Referring to the calculation method in the above example 3, the coordinates of constellation point s1 can be determined to be The coordinates of constellation point s2 are The two-dimensional coordinates of other constellation points can be calculated using the complex forms corresponding to the constellation points in the second constellation diagram model, which will not be described in detail here.

[0332] From this we can see that when Δ is equal to In the case of Figure 11 The two-dimensional coordinates of the 16 constellation points shown are as follows:

[0333]

[0334]

[0335]

[0336]

[0337] In addition, the two-dimensional coordinates of the 16 constellation points may include the following:

[0338] (1+Δ,0), (3+Δ,0), (5+Δ,0), (7+Δ,0),

[0339] (-(1+Δ),0), (-(3+Δ),0), (-(5+Δ),0), (-(7+Δ),0),

[0340] (0,1+Δ), (0,3+Δ), (0,5+Δ), (0,7+Δ),

[0341] (0,-(1+Δ)), (0,-(3+Δ)), (0,-(5+Δ)), (0,-(7+Δ))

[0342] Among them, Δ can be expressed as a finite decimal, for example, No specific limitation is imposed here.

[0343] When power normalization needs to be performed on the second constellation model, the two-dimensional coordinates of the 16 constellation points corresponding to the second constellation model may be uniformly multiplied by a normalization factor.

[0344] Example 5:

[0345] Reference Figure 12 When the second constellation model is a cross constellation, when the value of M2 is 2, the 4 bits of information in the information packet can be modulated using the second constellation model to obtain a modulation symbol. Since N2=2 M2 , corresponding to N2=4, therefore, the second constellation model is a cross constellation with 16 constellation points, wherein the value of d is 1, that is, the scaling amount of the cross constellation is 1; the value of θ is π / 4, that is, the rotation amount of the cross constellation is π / 4, that is, half of the constellation points in the cross constellation fall on a straight line passing through the zero point (i.e., the origin) at an angle of 45° to the positive half axis of the x-axis, and the other half of the constellation points fall on a straight line passing through the zero point (i.e., the origin) at an angle of 135° to the positive half axis of the x-axis. Next, by a n =(2n-1+Δ)d, we can see that a n =2n-1+Δ, if Right now From this we get therefore, So with a1e j π / 4 The coordinates of the corresponding constellation point s1 are (1, 1), which is the same as a2e jπ / 4 The coordinates of the corresponding constellation point s2 are It is understandable that the two-dimensional coordinates of other constellation points can be calculated using the complex forms corresponding to the constellation points in the second constellation diagram model, which will not be described in detail here.

[0346] From this we can see that when Δ is equal to In the case of Figure 12 The two-dimensional coordinates of the 16 constellation points shown are as follows:

[0347]

[0348]

[0349]

[0350]

[0351] It can be understood that the value of Δ can also satisfy the formula Wherein, Δ can be expressed by a finite decimal, for example, Δ = 1-0.707 = 0.293, which is not specifically limited here.

[0352] When the value of Δ satisfies the formula The two-dimensional coordinates of the 16 constellation points can include the following:

[0353]

[0354]

[0355]

[0356]

[0357]

[0358]

[0359]

[0360]

[0361] Since Therefore, a1e jπ / 4 The distance between a2e jπ / 4 is 2, that is, the distance between adjacent constellation points on the same straight line is 2. In addition, since Therefore, Therefore, a1e j π / 4 The distance between a1e j(π / 4+π / 2) is 2, that is, the distance between adjacent points of the four constellation points closest to the origin is 2. Therefore, the distance between adjacent points of the four constellation points closest to the origin is equal to the distance between adjacent constellation points on the same straight line.

[0362] When power normalization is required for the second constellation model, the two-dimensional coordinates of the 16 constellation points corresponding to the second constellation model can be multiplied by a normalization factor.

[0363] Example six

[0364] Taking the value of Δ satisfying the formula Δ = 0 as an example, referring to Figure 13 When the second constellation model is a cross constellation, in the case of M = 1, that is, the second constellation model can be used to modulate 3-bit information in the information packet to obtain a modulation symbol, since N2 = 2 M2 , it is derived that N2 = 2, therefore, the second constellation model is a cross constellation including 8 constellation points, wherein the value of d is 1, that is, the scaling amount of the cross constellation is 1; the value of θ is 0, that is, the rotation amount of the cross constellation is 0, that is to say, the constellation points in the cross constellation are distributed on the x axis (that is, the I path) and the y axis (that is, the Q path). Then, according to a n = (2n-1+ Δ) d, it is known that a n = 2n-1, therefore, it can be determined that a1 = 1, a2 = 3. Since e j0 = cos 0 + jsin 0 = 1, a1e j0 = 1, a2e j0 = 3, therefore, a1e j0 The coordinates of the corresponding constellation point s1 are (1, 0), a2e j0 The coordinates of the corresponding constellation point s2 are (3, 0). It can be understood that the two-dimensional coordinates of other constellation points can be calculated in the form of complex numbers corresponding to the constellation points in the second constellation model, which will not be described here.

[0365] Therefore, in the case of Δ = 0, that is, as shown in the following table, the two-dimensional coordinates of the 8 constellation points are: Figure 13 (1, 0), (3, 0),

[0366] (0, 1), (0, 3),

[0367] (-1, 0), (-3, 0),

[0368] (0, -1), (0, -3)

[0369] When the second constellation model needs to be power normalized, the two-dimensional coordinates of the 8 constellation points corresponding to the second constellation model can be multiplied by a normalization factor (such as 1 / sqrt(10)).

[0370] Example seven

[0371] Taking the value of Δ satisfying the formula Δ = 0 as an example, referring to

[0372] Figure 14 ​When the second constellation model is a cross constellation, when the value of M2 is 1, the 3 bits of information in the information packet can be modulated using the second constellation model to obtain a modulation symbol. Since N2 = 2 M2 , corresponding to N2=2, therefore, the second constellation diagram model is a cross constellation diagram including 8 constellation points, wherein the value of d is 1, that is, the scaling amount of the cross constellation diagram is 1; the value of θ is π / 4, that is, the rotation amount of the cross constellation diagram is π / 4, that is, half of the constellation points in the cross constellation diagram fall on a straight line passing through the zero point (i.e., the origin) at an angle of 45° to the positive semi-axis of the x-axis, and the other half of the constellation points fall on a straight line passing through the zero point (i.e., the origin) at an angle of 135° to the positive semi-axis of the x-axis. Then, by a n =(2n-1+Δ)d, we can see that a n =2n-1, so we get a1=1, a2=3, then Therefore, with a1e jπ / 4 The coordinates of the corresponding constellation point s1 are with a2e jπ / 4 The coordinates of the corresponding constellation point s2 are It is understandable that the two-dimensional coordinates of other constellation points can be calculated using the complex forms corresponding to the constellation points in the second constellation diagram model, which will not be described in detail here.

[0373] It can be seen that the two-dimensional coordinates of the eight constellation points may include the following:

[0374]

[0375]

[0376]

[0377]

[0378] When it is necessary to perform power normalization on the second constellation model, the two-dimensional coordinates of the eight constellation points corresponding to the second constellation model may be uniformly multiplied by a normalization factor (such as 1 / sqrt(10)).

[0379] Example 8:

[0380] Reference Figure 15 When the second constellation model is a cross constellation, when the value of M2 is 2, the 4 bits of information in the information packet can be modulated using the second constellation model to obtain a modulation symbol. Since N2=2 M2, corresponding to N2=4, therefore, the second constellation model is a cross constellation with 16 constellation points, where the value of d is 1, i.e., the scaling amount of the cross constellation is 1; the value of θ is 0, i.e., the rotation amount of the cross constellation is 0, that is, the constellation points in the cross constellation are distributed on the x-axis (i.e., I path) and the y-axis (i.e., Q path). Next, by a n =(2n-1+Δ)d, we can see that a n =(2n-1+Δ)d, if Δ=0, that is, a n =2n-1. Thus we get a1=1, a2=3. Since e j0 =cos0+j sin0=1,e j(0+π / 2) =cos(0+π / 2)+j sin(0+π / 2)=j,e j(0+π) =cos(0+π)+j sin(0+π)=-1,e j(0+3π / 2) =cos(0+3π / 2)+j sin(0+3π / 2)=-j, thus a1e can be determined j0 =e j0 =1,a2e j0 =3e j0 =3, so with a1e j0 The coordinates of the corresponding constellation point s1 are (1,0), which is the same as a2e j0 The coordinates of the corresponding constellation point s2 are (3, 0). It is understandable that the two-dimensional coordinates of other constellation points can be calculated using the complex forms corresponding to the constellation points in the second constellation diagram model, which will not be repeated here.

[0381] It can be seen that the two-dimensional coordinates of the 16 constellation points may include the following:

[0382] (1,0),(3,0),(5,0),(7,0),

[0383] (-1,0),(-3,0),(-5,0),(-7,0),

[0384] (0,1),(0,3),(0,5),(0,7),

[0385] (0,-1),(0,-3),(0,-5),(0,-7)

[0386] When it is necessary to perform power normalization on the second constellation model, the two-dimensional coordinates of the 16 constellation points corresponding to the second constellation model may be uniformly multiplied by a normalization factor (eg, 1 / sqrt(84)).

[0387] Example 9:

[0388] Reference Figure 16When the second constellation model is a cross constellation, when the value of M2 is 2, the 4 bits of information in the information packet can be modulated using the second constellation model to obtain a modulation symbol. Since N2=2 M2 , corresponding to N2=4, therefore, the second constellation model is a cross constellation with 16 constellation points, wherein the value of d is 1, that is, the scaling amount of the cross constellation is 1; the value of θ is π / 4, that is, the rotation amount of the cross constellation is π / 4, that is, half of the constellation points in the cross constellation fall on a straight line passing through the zero point (i.e., the origin) at an angle of 45° to the positive half axis of the x-axis, and the other half of the constellation points fall on a straight line passing through the zero point (i.e., the origin) at an angle of 135° to the positive half axis of the x-axis. Next, by a n =(2n-1+Δ)d, so a n =2n-1+Δ, if Δ=0, that is, a n =2n-1. From this we get a1=1, a2=3. Then Therefore, with a1e jπ / 4 The coordinates of the corresponding constellation point s1 are with a2e jπ / 4 The coordinates of the corresponding constellation point s2 are It is understandable that the two-dimensional coordinates of other constellation points can be calculated using the complex forms corresponding to the constellation points in the second constellation diagram model, which will not be described in detail here.

[0389] Therefore, the two-dimensional coordinates of the 16 constellation points may include the following:

[0390]

[0391]

[0392]

[0393]

[0394] When it is necessary to perform power normalization on the second constellation model, the two-dimensional coordinates of the 16 constellation points corresponding to the second constellation model may be uniformly multiplied by a normalization factor (eg, 1 / sqrt(84)).

[0395] Example 10:

[0396] Take the value of Δ satisfying the formula Δ=0 as an example, refer to Figure 17 When the second constellation model is a cross constellation, when the value of M2 is 1, the 3 bits of information in the information packet can be modulated using the second constellation model to obtain a modulation symbol. Since N2 = 2M2 , corresponding to N2=2, therefore, the second constellation model is a cross constellation including 8 constellation points, where the value of d is 1, i.e., the scaling amount of the cross constellation is 1; the value of θ is 0, i.e., the rotation amount of the cross constellation is 0, that is, the constellation points in the cross constellation are distributed on the x-axis (i.e., I path) and the y-axis (i.e., Q path). Next, by a n =2n-1, we know that a1=1, a2=2, since e j0 =cos 0+j sin0=1,e j(0+π / 2) =cos(0+π / 2)+j sin(0+π / 2)=j,e j(0+π) =cos(0+π)+j sin(0+π)=-1,e j(0+3π / 2) =cos(0+3π / 2)+j sin(0+3π / 2)=-j, so we can determine a1e j0 =1,a2e j0 =2, so a1e j0 The coordinates of the corresponding constellation point s1 are (1,0), a2e j0 The coordinates of the corresponding constellation point s2 are (2, 0). It is understandable that the two-dimensional coordinates of other constellation points can be calculated using the complex forms corresponding to the constellation points in the second constellation diagram model, which will not be repeated here.

[0397] It can be seen that the two-dimensional coordinates of the eight constellation points may include the following:

[0398] (1,0),(2,0),

[0399] (0,1),(0,2),

[0400] (-1,0),(-2,0),

[0401] (0,-1),(0,-2)

[0402] When power normalization is required for the second constellation model, the two-dimensional coordinates of the eight constellation points corresponding to the second constellation model may be uniformly multiplied by a normalization factor (eg, 1 / sqrt(5)).

[0403] Example 11:

[0404] Take the value of Δ satisfying the formula Δ=0 as an example, refer to Figure 18 When the second constellation model is a cross constellation, when the value of M2 is 1, the 3 bits of information in the information packet can be modulated using the second constellation model to obtain a modulation symbol. Since N2 = 2 M2, corresponding to N2=2, therefore, the second constellation diagram model is a cross constellation diagram including 8 constellation points, wherein the value of d is 1, that is, the scaling amount of the cross constellation diagram is 1; the value of θ is π / 4, that is, the rotation amount of the cross constellation diagram is π / 4, that is, half of the constellation points in the cross constellation diagram fall on a straight line passing through the zero point (i.e., the origin) at an angle of 45° to the positive semi-axis of the x-axis, and the other half of the constellation points fall on a straight line passing through the zero point (i.e., the origin) at an angle of 135° to the positive semi-axis of the x-axis. Then, by a n =2n-1, we know that a1=1, a2=2, then Therefore, with a1 ejπ / 4 The coordinates of the corresponding constellation point s1 are with a2e jπ / 4 The coordinates of the corresponding constellation point s2 are It is understandable that the two-dimensional coordinates of other constellation points can be calculated using the complex forms corresponding to the constellation points in the second constellation diagram model, which will not be described in detail here.

[0405] It can be seen from this that the complex numbers corresponding to the 8 constellation points in the second constellation diagram model can be expressed as follows:

[0406]

[0407]

[0408]

[0409]

[0410] Therefore, the second constellation model can be as follows Figure 18 The cross-shaped constellation diagram shown includes 8 constellation points. That is, the constellation diagram corresponding to θ taking a value of π / 4 can be obtained by rotating the constellation diagram corresponding to θ taking a value of 0 by 45°. The two-dimensional coordinates of the 8 constellation points may include the following:

[0411]

[0412]

[0413]

[0414]

[0415] Example 12:

[0416] Reference Figure 19When the first constellation model is a PAM constellation model, and the value of M1 is 2, the first constellation model can be used to modulate the 3 bits of information in the information packet to obtain a modulation symbol. Since N=2 M , corresponding to N1=4, therefore, the first constellation model is a PAM constellation diagram including 8 constellation points, where the value of d is 1, that is, the scaling amount of the PAM constellation diagram is 1; the value of θ is 0, that is, the rotation amount of the PAM constellation diagram is 0, that is, the constellation points in the PAM constellation diagram are distributed on the x-axis (i.e., I-path). Next, by a n =(2n-1+Δ)d, we can see that a n =2n-1+Δ, if Δ=0, that is, a n =2n-1. From this we get a1=1, a2=3. Then a1e j0 =e j0 =1,a2e j0 =3e j0 =3, so with a1e j0 The coordinates of the corresponding constellation point s1 are (1,0), which is the same as a2e j0 The coordinates of the corresponding constellation point s2 are (3, 0). It is understandable that the two-dimensional coordinates of other constellation points can be calculated using the complex forms corresponding to the constellation points in the first constellation diagram model, which will not be repeated here.

[0417] It can be seen that the two-dimensional coordinates of the eight constellation points may include the following:

[0418] (1,0),(3,0),(5,0),(7,0),

[0419] (-1,0),(-3,0),(-5,0),(-7,0)

[0420] When it is necessary to perform power normalization on the first constellation model, the two-dimensional coordinates of the eight constellation points corresponding to the first constellation model may be uniformly multiplied by a normalization factor (eg, 1 / sqrt(84)).

[0421] Example 13:

[0422] Take the value of Δ satisfying the formula Δ=0 as an example, refer to Figure 20 When the first constellation model is a PAM constellation model, when the value of M1 is 1, the first constellation model can be used to modulate the 2 bits of information in the information packet to obtain a modulation symbol. Since N1 = 2 M1, corresponding to N1=2, therefore, the first constellation model is a PAM constellation diagram including 4 constellation points, where the value of d is 1, that is, the scaling amount of the PAM constellation diagram is 1; the value of θ is 0, that is, the rotation amount of the PAM constellation diagram is 0, that is, the constellation points in the PAM constellation diagram are distributed on the x-axis (i.e., I-axis). Then, by a n =2n-1, we know that a1=1, a2=2. Then a1e j0 =e j0 =1,a2e j0 =2e j0 =2, so, with a1e j0 The coordinates of the corresponding constellation point s1 are (1,0), which is the same as a2e j0 The coordinates of the corresponding constellation point s2 are (2, 0). It is understandable that the two-dimensional coordinates of other constellation points can be calculated using the complex forms corresponding to the constellation points in the first constellation diagram model, which will not be repeated here.

[0423] Therefore, the two-dimensional coordinates of the four constellation points may include the following:

[0424] (1,0),(2,0),

[0425] (-1,0),(-2,0)

[0426] When power normalization is required for the first constellation model, the two-dimensional coordinates of the four constellation points corresponding to the first constellation model may be uniformly multiplied by a normalization factor (eg, 1 / sqrt(5)).

[0427] It is understandable that the coordinates corresponding to each constellation point in the second constellation diagram model may include the following:

[0428] (a1cosθ,a1sinθ),(a2cosθ,a2sinθ),…,(a n cosθ,a n sinθ),

[0429]

[0430] (a1cos(θ+π),a1sin(θ+π)),(a2cos(θ+π),a2sin(θ+π)),…,(a n cos(θ+π),a n sin(θ+π)),

[0431] (a1cos(θ+3π / 2),a1sin(θ+3π / 2)),(a2cos(θ+3π / 2),a2sin(θ+3π / 2)),…,(a n cos(θ+3π / 2),an sin(θ+3π / 2))

[0432] According to the trigonometric formula, the coordinates corresponding to each constellation point in the second constellation diagram model can also be expressed as follows:

[0433] (a1cosθ,a1sinθ),(a2cosθ,a2sinθ),…,(a n cosθ,a n sinθ)

[0434] (-a1sinθ,a1cosθ),(-a2sinθ,a2cosθ),…,(-a n sinθ,a n cosθ)

[0435] (-a1cosθ,-a1sinθ),(-a2cosθ,-a2sinθ),…,(-a n cosθ,-a n sinθ)

[0436] (a1sinθ,-a1cosθ),(a2sinθ,-a2cosθ),…,(a n sinθ,-a n cosθ)

[0437] Among them, the trigonometric function formulas include the following:

[0438] cos(θ+π / 2)=-sinθ

[0439] sin(θ+π / 2)=cosθ

[0440] cos(θ+π)=-cosθ

[0441] sin(θ+π)=-sinθ

[0442] cos(θ+3π / 2)=sinθ

[0443] sin(θ+3π / 2)=-cosθ

[0444] It is worth noting that when the value of θ is 0, that is, the rotation amount of the cross constellation diagram is 0, the constellation points in the cross constellation diagram are distributed on the x-axis and the y-axis. Therefore, the coordinates corresponding to each constellation point in the second constellation diagram model may include the following:

[0445] (a1,0),(a2,0),…,(a n ,0),

[0446] (0,a1),(0,a2),…,(0,an ),

[0447] (-a1,0),(-a2,0),…,(-a n ,0),

[0448] (0,-a1),(0,-a2),…,(0,-a n )

[0449] It is worth noting that when θ is π / 4, that is, the rotation amount of the cross constellation diagram is π / 4, the constellation points in the cross constellation diagram are respectively distributed on a straight line in a 45° direction passing through the origin and a straight line in a 135° direction passing through the origin. Therefore, the coordinates corresponding to each constellation point in the second constellation diagram model may include the following:

[0450]

[0451]

[0452]

[0453]

[0454] Example 14:

[0455] Reference Figure 21 , Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of the third constellation diagram model provided in an embodiment of the present application, wherein the third constellation diagram model can be understood as an 8-arm constellation diagram. Figure 21 The constellation points in the 8-arm constellation diagram corresponding to the coordinate system on the left are respectively distributed on the straight line passing through the x-axis (i.e., I path) (including the ray of the positive half axis and the ray of the negative half axis), the straight line passing through the y-axis (i.e., Q path) (including the ray of the positive half axis and the ray of the negative half axis), the ray passing through the origin in the 45° direction, the ray passing through the origin in the 135° direction, the ray passing through the origin in the 225° direction, and the ray passing through the origin in the 315° direction. For the third constellation diagram model, when b n =a n , can be formed as Figure 21 The 8-arm constellation diagram corresponding to the intermediate coordinate system, when b n =α n +β, can form Figure 21 The 8-arm constellation diagram corresponding to the coordinate system on the right can be understood as follows: Figure 21 The 8-arm constellation diagram corresponding to the coordinate system on the right can be obtained by Figure 21The amplitudes of the constellation points of four arms (the rays passing through the origin in the directions of 45°, 135°, 225°, and 315°) in the eight-arm constellation diagram corresponding to the intermediate coordinate system are expanded outward as a whole, which can make the constellation points of the star-shaped constellation diagram more evenly distributed, thereby improving the demodulation performance.

[0456] Example 15:

[0457] Reference Figure 22 , Figure 22 Schematic diagram of the third constellation model provided in the embodiment of the present application, wherein the third constellation model can be understood as an 8-arm constellation. When M3=0, the modulation symbol is obtained by modulating the 3 bits of information in the information packet according to the third constellation model, and N3=2 M3 , corresponding to N3 = 1, therefore, the third constellation model is an 8-arm constellation including 8 constellation points. Figure 22 The constellation points in the 8-arm constellation diagram corresponding to the coordinate system on the left are respectively distributed on the straight line passing through the x-axis (i.e., I path) (including the ray of the positive half axis and the ray of the negative half axis), the straight line passing through the y-axis (i.e., Q path) (including the ray of the positive half axis and the ray of the negative half axis), the ray passing through the origin in the 45° direction, the ray passing through the origin in the 135° direction, the ray passing through the origin in the 225° direction, and the ray passing through the origin in the 315° direction. For the third constellation diagram model, when b n =a n , can be formed as Figure 22 The 8-arm constellation diagram corresponding to the coordinate system on the left, when b n =a n +β, can form Figure 22 The 8-arm constellation diagram corresponding to the coordinate system in the middle and on the right.

[0458] It is understandable that Figure 22 The 8-arm constellation diagrams corresponding to the middle and right coordinate systems can be obtained by Figure 22 The amplitudes of the constellation points of four arms (the rays passing through the origin in the directions of 45°, 135°, 225°, and 315°) in the eight-arm constellation diagram corresponding to the coordinate system on the left are expanded outward as a whole, which can make the constellation points of the star-shaped constellation diagram more evenly distributed, thereby improving the demodulation performance.

[0459] It can be understood that the information transmission in all the above embodiments is information in a broad sense, that is, the information can be business data or information used for system control, that is, signaling; or, the information can include bit data that needs to be transmitted, such as business bit data or signaling bit data, where different English expressions such as message, information, payload, etc. can all represent information.

[0460] It can be understood that the first communication node in all the above embodiments can be a terminal, for example, a mobile phone, a smart phone, a laptop computer, a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant), a PAD (tablet computer), a navigation device and other mobile terminals, or an Internet of Things device terminal, etc., without specific limitation here.

[0461] It can be understood that the second communication node in all the above embodiments can be a base station, a receiver, an access point, etc., and no specific limitation is made here.

[0462] In addition, refer to Figure 23 An embodiment of the present application further provides a communication device 100, which includes at least one processor 101 and at least one memory 102, and the memory 102 is used to store at least one program.

[0463] The processor 101 and the memory 102 may be connected via a bus or other means.

[0464] The memory 102 is a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that can be used to store non-transitory software programs and non-transitory computer executable programs. In addition, the memory 102 may include a high-speed random access memory and may also include a non-transitory memory, such as at least one disk storage device, a flash memory device, or other non-transitory solid-state storage device. In some embodiments, the memory 102 may optionally include a memory remotely located relative to the processor 101, and these remote memories may be connected to the processor 101 via a network. Examples of the above-mentioned network include, but are not limited to, the Internet, an intranet, a local area network, a mobile communication network, and combinations thereof.

[0465] The non-transient software program and instructions required to implement the information transmission method of the above embodiment are stored in the memory 102. When executed by the processor 101, the information transmission method of the above embodiment is executed, for example, the above-described Figure 2 Step S110 of the method, Figure 3 Method steps S210 to S220, Figure 4 Method step S310 in .

[0466] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, i.e., they may be located in one location or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected based on actual needs to achieve the objectives of this embodiment.

[0467] In addition, an embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores computer-executable instructions. The computer-executable instructions are executed by a processor or controller, for example, by a processor in the above-mentioned device embodiment, so that the above-mentioned processor can execute the information transmission method in the above-mentioned embodiment and execute the above-mentioned Figure 2 Step S110 of the method, Figure 3 Steps S210 to S220 of the method, Figure 4 Method step S310 in .

[0468] In addition, one embodiment of the present application further provides a computer program product, including a computer program or computer instructions, wherein the computer program or computer instructions are stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and a processor of a computer device reads the computer program or computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium, and the processor executes the computer program or computer instructions, so that the computer device executes the information transmission method in the above embodiment, for example, executing the above-described Figure 2 Step S110 of the method, Figure 3 Steps S210 to S220 of the method, Figure 4 Method step S310 in .

[0469] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or some of the steps and systems in the method disclosed above can be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, and appropriate combinations thereof. Some physical components or all physical components can be implemented as software executed by a processor, such as a central processing unit, a digital signal processor, or a microprocessor, or implemented as hardware, or implemented as an integrated circuit, such as an application-specific integrated circuit. Such software can be distributed on a computer-readable medium, and the computer-readable medium can include computer storage media (or non-transitory media) and communication media (or temporary media). As known to those skilled in the art, the term computer storage media is included in any method or technology for storing information (such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data) and is volatile and non-volatile, removable, and non-removable. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory, or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD), or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tapes, disk storage, or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to store desired information and can be accessed by a computer. Furthermore, as is well known to those skilled in the art, communication media typically embodies computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and may include any information delivery media.

Claims

1. An information transmission method, applied to a first communication node, comprising: In a connectionless state, modulated symbols are transmitted to a second communication node, wherein: The modulation symbol is obtained by modulating M1+1 bits of information in the information packet according to a first constellation model, wherein the first constellation model includes 2*N1 constellation points, M1 is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and N1 and M1 satisfy the formula N1=2 M1 ; The complex forms corresponding to the 2*N1 constellation points in the first constellation diagram model include the following: a1e jθ ,a2e jθ ,…,fence N1 by jθ , a1e j(θ+π) ,a2e j(θ+π) ,…,fence N1 by j(θ+π) 4 π is the ratio of circumference to circumference; j is an imaginary number; the value of j is equal to e is the natural logarithm; θ is a real number; a1, a2,…, a N1 are all positive numbers and satisfy: 0<a1<a2<…<a N1 ; or, The modulation symbol is obtained by modulating M2+2 bits of information in the information packet according to a second constellation model, wherein the second constellation model includes 4*N2 constellation points, M2 is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and N2 and M2 satisfy the formula N2=2 M2 ; The complex forms corresponding to the 4*N2 constellation points in the second constellation diagram model include the following: a1e jθ ,a2e jθ ,…,fence N2 by jθ , b1e j(θ+π / 2) ,b2e j(θ+π / 2) ,…,b N2 e j(θ+π / 2) , a1e j(θ+π) ,a2e j(θ+π) ,…,fence N2 by j(θ+π) , b1e j(θ+3π / 2) ,b2e j(θ+3π / 2) ,…,b N2 e j(θ+3π / 2) ; π is the ratio of circumference to circumference; j is an imaginary number; the value of j is equal to e is the natural logarithm; θ is a real number; a1, a2,…, a N2 and b1, b2, …, b N2 are all positive numbers and satisfy: 0<a1<a2<…<a N2 , 0<b1<b2<…<b N2 ; or, The modulation symbol is obtained by modulating M3+3 bits of information in the information packet according to a third constellation model, wherein the third constellation model includes 8*N3 constellation points, M3 is an integer greater than or equal to 0, and N3 and M3 satisfy the formula N3=2 M3 ; The complex forms corresponding to the 8*N3 constellation points in the third constellation diagram model include the following: a1e jθ ,a2e jθ ,…,fence N3 by jθ , a1e j(θ+π) ,a2e j(θ+π) ,…,fence N3 by j(θ+π) , π is the ratio of circumference to circumference; j is an imaginary number; the value of j is equal to e is the natural logarithm; θ is a real number; a1, a2,…, a N3 and b1, b2, …, b N3 are all positive numbers and satisfy: 0<a1<a2<…<a N3 , 0<b1<b2<…<b N3 .

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: When the modulation symbol is modulated according to the first constellation model, a1, a2, ..., a N1 Both can be expressed by the following formula: a n =(2n-1+Δ)d; Wherein, the value of n includes 1, 2, ..., N1; d is a positive real number, and Δ is a real number greater than or equal to 0; Alternatively, when the modulation symbol is modulated according to the second constellation model, a1, a2, ..., a N2 Both can be expressed by the following formula: a n =(2n-1+Δ)d; b1, b2, …, b N2 Both can be expressed by the following formula: b n =a n +b; Wherein, the value of n includes 1, 2, ..., N2; d is a positive real number, and Δ and β are both real numbers greater than or equal to 0; Alternatively, when the modulation symbol is modulated according to the third constellation model, a1, a2, ..., a N3 Both can be expressed by the following formula: a n =(2n-1+Δ)d; b1, b2, …, b N3 Both can be expressed by the following formula: b n =a n +b; Wherein, the value of n includes 1, 2, ..., N3; d is a positive real number, and Δ and β are both real numbers greater than or equal to 0.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The value of Δ is 0, and the value of d is 1, so that a n Satisfy a n =2n-1.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The value of Δ is 1, and the value of d is 1 / 2, so that a n Satisfy a n =n.

5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The value of Δ is 3, and the value of d is 1 / 2, so that a n Satisfy a n =n+1.

6. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The value of Δ is 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The value of d is 1, so that a n satisfy Alternatively, the value of d is 1 / 2, so that an satisfies 8. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that When the modulation symbol is modulated according to the second constellation model or the third constellation model, β is equal to 0.

9. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that When the modulation symbol is modulated according to the third constellation model, β is greater than 0.

10. The method according to claim 2, wherein: When the modulation symbol is modulated according to the first constellation model, the value of d is a value that makes the average power of the modulation symbol modulated by the first constellation model equal to 1; or, When the modulation symbol is modulated according to the second constellation model, the value of d is a value that makes the average power of the modulation symbol modulated by the second constellation model equal to 1; or, When the modulation symbol is modulated according to the third constellation model, the value of d is a value that makes the average power of the modulation symbol modulated by the third constellation model equal to 1.

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The value of θ is 0; or, The value of θ satisfies the formula θ=π / 4; or, The value of θ satisfies the formula θ=π / 8.

12. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The transmitting the modulation symbol to the second communication node comprises: Transmitting the modulation symbol to a second communication node in a preset common channel; or, The modulation symbol is transmitted to the second communication node using a target transmission resource in a preset common channel, wherein the target transmission resource is determined by the first communication node.

13. The method according to claim 1, wherein The transmitting the modulation symbol to the second communication node comprises: determining a first number of pilots; The modulation symbol is transmitted to a second communication node together with the first number of the pilots, wherein the first number is greater than one.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein: When the value of the first number is greater than or equal to 2: The first number of pilot signals are independent of each other; or, The first number of pilot signals is determined based on information in the information packet; or, The first number of the pilot signals is determined according to one or more bits of information in the information packet; or, Each of the pilots is determined from a preset pilot set based on a second number of bit information in the information packet, wherein the preset pilot set includes a third number of pilots, the second number is in a logarithmic function relationship with the third number, and the logarithmic function is a logarithmic function with base 2.

15. The method according to claim 1, wherein The information transmission method further includes: During the transmission of the modulation symbols to the second communication node in the connectionless state, no pilot is transmitted.

16. An information transmission method, applied to a second communication node, the information transmission method comprising: receiving a modulation symbol sent by a first communication node in a connectionless state, wherein: The modulation symbol is obtained by modulating M1+1 bits of information in the information packet according to a first constellation model, wherein the first constellation model includes 2*N1 constellation points, M1 is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and N1 and M1 satisfy the formula N1=2 M1 ; The complex forms corresponding to the 2*N1 constellation points in the first constellation diagram model include the following: a1e jθ ,a2e jθ ,…,fence N1 by jθ , a1e j(θ+π) ,a2e j(θ+π) ,…,fence N1 by j(θ+π) 4 π is the ratio of circumference to circumference; j is an imaginary number; the value of j is equal to e is the natural logarithm; θ is a real number; a1, a2,…, a N1 are all positive numbers and satisfy: 0<a1<a2<…<a N1 ; or, The modulation symbol is obtained by modulating M2+2 bits of information in the information packet according to a second constellation model, wherein the second constellation model includes 4*N2 constellation points, M2 is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and N2 and M2 satisfy the formula N2=2 M2 ; The complex forms corresponding to the 4*N2 constellation points in the second constellation diagram model include the following: a1e jθ ,a2e jθ ,…,fence N2 by jθ , b1e j(θ+π / 2) ,b2e j(θ+π / 2) ,…,b N2 e j(θ+π / 2) , a1e j(θ+π) ,a2e j(θ+π) ,…,fence N2 by j(θ+π) , b1e j(θ+3π / 2) ,b2e j(θ+3π / 2) ,…,b N2 e j(θ+3π / 2) ; π is the ratio of circumference to circumference; j is an imaginary number; the value of j is equal to e is the natural logarithm; θ is a real number; a1, a2,…, a N2 and b1, b2, …, b N2 are all positive numbers and satisfy: 0<a1<a2<…<a N2 , 0<b1<b2<…<b N2 ; or, The modulation symbol is obtained by modulating M3+3 bits of information in the information packet according to a third constellation model, wherein the third constellation model includes 8*N3 constellation points, M3 is an integer greater than or equal to 0, and N3 and M3 satisfy the formula N3=2 M3 ; The complex forms corresponding to the 8*N3 constellation points in the third constellation diagram model include the following: a1e jθ ,a2e jθ ,…,fence N3 by jθ , a1e j(θ+π) ,a2e j(θ+π) ,…,fence N3 by j(θ+π) , π is the ratio of circumference to circumference; j is an imaginary number; the value of j is equal to e is the natural logarithm; θ is a real number; a1, a2,…, a N3 and b1, b2, …, b N3 are all positive numbers and satisfy: 0<a1<a2<…<a N3 , 0<b1<b2<…<b N3 .

17. The method according to claim 16, wherein: When the modulation symbol is modulated according to the first constellation model, a1, a2, ..., a N1 Both can be expressed by the following formula: a n =(2n-1+Δ)d; Wherein, the value of n includes 1, 2, ..., N1; d is a positive real number, and Δ is a real number greater than or equal to 0; Alternatively, when the modulation symbol is modulated according to the second constellation model, a1, a2, ..., a N2 Both can be expressed by the following formula: a n =(2n-1+Δ)d; b1, b2, …, b N2 Both can be expressed by the following formula: b n =a n +b; Wherein, the value of n includes 1, 2, ..., N2; d is a positive real number, and Δ and β are both real numbers greater than or equal to 0; Alternatively, when the modulation symbol is modulated according to the third constellation model, a1, a2, ..., a N3 Both can be expressed by the following formula: a n =(2n-1+Δ)d; b1, b2, …, b N3 Both can be expressed by the following formula: b n =a n +b; Wherein, the value of n includes 1, 2, ..., N3; d is a positive real number, and Δ and β are both real numbers greater than or equal to 0.

18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that The value of Δ is 0, and the value of d is 1, so that a n Satisfy a n =2n-1.

19. The method according to claim 17, wherein The value of Δ is 1, and the value of d is 1 / 2, so that a n Satisfy a n =n.

20. The method according to claim 17, wherein The value of Δ is 3, and the value of d is 1 / 2, so that a n Satisfy a n =n+1.

21. The method according to claim 17, wherein The value of Δ is 22. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that: The value of d is 1, so that a n satisfy Or, d takes the value of 1 / 2, so that a n satisfy 23. The method according to claim 17, wherein When the modulation symbol is modulated according to the second constellation model or the third constellation model, β is equal to 0.

24. The method according to claim 17, wherein When the modulation symbol is modulated according to the third constellation model, β is greater than 0.

25. The method according to claim 17, wherein: When the modulation symbol is modulated according to the first constellation model, the value of d is a value that makes the average power of the modulation symbol modulated by the first constellation model equal to 1; or, When the modulation symbol is modulated according to the second constellation model, the value of d is a value that makes the average power of the modulation symbol modulated by the second constellation model equal to 1; or, When the modulation symbol is modulated according to the third constellation model, the value of d is a value that makes the average power of the modulation symbol modulated by the third constellation model equal to 1.

26. The method according to claim 16, wherein: The value of θ is 0; or, The value of θ satisfies the formula θ=π / 4; or, The value of θ satisfies the formula θ=π / 8.

27. The method according to claim 16, wherein The receiving a modulation symbol sent by the first communication node in a connectionless state includes: receiving a modulation symbol sent by the first communication node through a preset common channel in a connectionless state; or, A modulation symbol is received that is sent by a first communication node through a preset common channel using a target transmission resource in a connectionless state, wherein the target transmission resource is determined by the first communication node.

28. The method according to claim 16, wherein The receiving a modulation symbol sent by the first communication node in a connectionless state includes: A modulation symbol and a first number of pilots sent by a first communication node in a connectionless state are received, wherein the first number is greater than 1.

29. The method according to claim 28, characterized in that When the value of the first number is greater than or equal to 2: The first number of pilot signals are independent of each other; or, The first number of pilot signals is determined based on information in the information packet; or, The first number of the pilot signals is determined according to one or more bits of information in the information packet; or, Each of the pilots is determined from a preset pilot set based on a second number of bit information in the information packet, wherein the preset pilot set includes a third number of pilots, the second number is in a logarithmic function relationship with the third number, and the logarithmic function is a logarithmic function with base 2.

30. The method according to claim 16, wherein The information transmission method further includes: In the process of receiving the modulation symbol sent by the first communication node in the disconnected state, no pilot is received.

31. A communication device, characterized in that: include: at least one processor; at least one memory for storing at least one program; When at least one of the programs is executed by at least one of the processors, the information transmission method according to any one of claims 1 to 30 is implemented.

32. A computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, wherein the computer-executable instructions are used to execute the information transmission method according to any one of claims 1 to 30.

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