A lithium iron phosphate material, a preparation method thereof, a lithium ion battery and an electric device

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of secondary battery technology, specifically relating to a lithium iron phosphate material and its preparation method, a lithium-ion battery, and an electrical device. In the preparation method of the lithium iron phosphate material provided by this invention, the sintering temperature is I... s ℃, sintering time is I t Hour, the mass ratio of water to solvent I p The following relationship is satisfied: the value of I ranges from 0.47 to 2.28. This invention improves the electronic conductivity of the material and simultaneously increases the lithium-ion diffusion rate by rationally controlling the solvent ratio of water and isopropanol, as well as the relationship between sintering temperature and holding time, thereby enhancing the discharge capacity and cycle stability of lithium iron phosphate materials. Furthermore, the preparation process of this application is simple, has a short cycle time, is easy to synthesize, and is convenient for widespread application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of secondary battery technology, specifically relating to a lithium iron phosphate material and its preparation method, a lithium-ion battery, and electrical equipment. Background Technology

[0002] In 1997, Goodenough et al. first reported that lithium iron phosphate with an olivine-type structure could reversibly insert and extract lithium ions. Its theoretical specific capacity was 170 mAh / g, and it had a voltage platform of 3.5V. Moreover, the raw materials were abundant, non-toxic, environmentally friendly, safe, had high specific capacity, stable cycle performance, and low price, making it an ideal cathode material for lithium-ion power batteries.

[0003] In recent years, with the deepening of research on LiFePO4, it has been found that the capacity decay of pure LiFePO4 materials becomes more severe at higher charge / discharge rates. This is mainly due to the limitations imposed by the structure of LiFePO4, resulting in excessively low electronic conductivity and lithium-ion diffusion rate.

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical issues, existing technologies typically optimize particle size by altering sintering temperature and holding time. However, higher sintering temperatures and longer holding times lead to the formation of iron phosphate impurities, resulting in a corresponding decrease in capacity. Conversely, lower sintering temperatures and shorter holding times result in poor particle crystallinity, lower powder compaction, and reduced cycle retention. Furthermore, in the preparation of lithium iron phosphate, the common solvent used for milling materials is typically an aqueous solution. After spray drying, significant moisture remains, making it difficult for the moisture to escape during sintering. This can lead to uneven distribution of the sprayed material and lithium infiltration into the iron phosphate, hindering the migration path and rate of lithium ions. Isopropanol, as a solvent, can volatilize at lower sintering times, creating more pores and increasing lithium ion transport pathways, while also resulting in more uniform lithium distribution. However, using isopropanol as a solvent for milling and spraying is extremely dangerous, and its poor ability to dissolve iron phosphate can easily cause equipment blockage and fire hazards. Additionally, it increases the activity of the material, requiring even lower sintering temperatures. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of lithium iron phosphate materials in the prior art, such as low electronic conductivity and lithium-ion diffusion rate, and severe capacity decay during high-rate charging and discharging, so as to provide a lithium iron phosphate material, its preparation method, lithium-ion battery and electrical equipment.

[0006] Therefore, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] This invention provides a method for preparing lithium iron phosphate material, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1, a lithium source, iron phosphate, a dispersible carbon source, and a solvent are mixed and spray-dried to obtain a mixture; wherein the solvent is a mixture of water and isopropanol, and the mass ratio of water to solvent is I. p ;

[0009] S2, the obtained mixture is mixed with a dry carbon source, pulverized, and sintered to obtain lithium iron phosphate material;

[0010] Among them, sintering temperature I s ℃, sintering time I t Hour, the mass ratio of water to solvent I p The following relationship must be satisfied:

[0011] The value of I ranges from 0.47 to 2.28.

[0012] In this invention, the material exhibits optimal capacity and cycle performance when I = 1. When I < 1, the material's cycle retention rate decreases as the value of I decreases; when I > 1, the material's capacity decreases as the value of I increases.

[0013] Optionally, step S1 may include a grinding step before spray drying. The grinding process serves two purposes: firstly, it mixes the materials together, and secondly, it grinds the materials to the nanoscale for secondary recombination, which allows for a lower sintering temperature in the subsequent process, thus saving energy and reducing emissions.

[0014] In some embodiments, in step S2, the sintering temperature is 820℃~860℃ and the sintering time is 6h~10h.

[0015] In some embodiments, in step S1, the mass ratio of water to solvent is 0.6 ≤ I p <1.

[0016] In some implementations, the value of I ranges from 0.6 to 2.2.

[0017] In some embodiments, in step S1, the Li / Fe molar ratio is 0.99 to 1.01 (based on elemental composition).

[0018] And / or, the amount of the dispersible carbon source is 3%-6% of the mass of iron phosphate;

[0019] And / or, in step S1, the solid-liquid ratio of the mixed materials is 3:7 to 7:3;

[0020] And / or, the pressure range of the spray drying is 0.2 MPa to 0.3 MPa.

[0021] In some embodiments, in step S2, the amount of the dry powder carbon source used is 5%-10% of the amount of iron phosphate used;

[0022] And / or, the particle size requirement for pulverization in step S2 is 0.5μm≤D50≤0.6μm.

[0023] In some embodiments, in step S1, the dispersed carbon source includes at least one of an ester compound or a sugar compound;

[0024] In this application, the role of the dispersible carbon source in step S1 is to reduce viscosity, increase solid content, and supplement carbon source. There are no special requirements for the specific selection of the dispersible carbon source, as long as it can achieve the above-mentioned functions. Those skilled in the art can select according to the actual situation.

[0025] And / or, in step S2, the dry powder carbon source includes at least one of polyvinyl alcohol, glucose, starch, and polyethylene glycol;

[0026] And / or, in step S1, the lithium source includes at least one of lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, lithium phosphate, and lithium nitrate.

[0027] The present invention also provides a lithium iron phosphate material prepared by the above-described preparation method.

[0028] The present invention also provides a lithium-ion battery comprising the above-mentioned lithium iron phosphate material.

[0029] The present invention also provides an electrical device comprising the aforementioned lithium-ion battery.

[0030] The lithium-ion battery provided by this invention, except for the lithium iron phosphate material provided by this invention as the positive electrode active material, has other components and preparation methods that are conventional in the field. Typically, and not specifically, the lithium-ion battery includes a positive electrode sheet, a separator, an electrolyte, and a negative electrode sheet. The positive electrode sheet further includes a current collector, and the positive electrode active material is bonded to the current collector. The bonding process can employ existing coating and cold pressing processes. Specifically, the positive electrode active material, conductive agent, and binder are mixed uniformly in a conventional ratio and added to a solvent to prepare a positive electrode slurry. The positive electrode slurry is uniformly coated onto the positive electrode current collector aluminum foil, dried, cold pressed, and then die-cut and slit to form the positive electrode sheet. The solid content of the positive electrode slurry can be 70-75%, the conductive agent can be a conventional conductive agent, such as acetylene black, the binder can be a conventional binder, such as styrene-butadiene rubber or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and the solvent can be a conventional organic solvent, such as N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP).

[0031] In this invention, the composition and preparation method of the negative electrode sheet are conventional in the field. For example, lithium sheet can be used as the negative electrode sheet.

[0032] The electrolyte of this invention can be a commercially available lithium-ion electrolyte or a self-made electrolyte using existing conventional materials. For example, it can be an electrolyte comprising a solvent, a lithium salt, and additives. The solvent is selected from at least one of ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, and ethyl methyl carbonate. The lithium salt is selected from lithium hexafluorophosphate and / or lithium tetrafluoroborate; the additive is selected from at least one of vinylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethylene sulfate, and lithium difluorophosphate. The molar concentration of the lithium salt is 0.8-1.2 mol / L, and a mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DEC), and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) in a volume ratio of 1:1:1-5:3:2 can be used as the solvent. The volume percentage of the additive can be 0.5-5%. This invention can use existing conventional separators, such as PE separators, PP separators, PP / PE composite films, or other commercially available separators.

[0033] In this invention, the assembly method of the lithium-ion battery is conventional in the field and is not specifically limited here.

[0034] In this invention, there are no particular limitations on the electrical devices using the aforementioned lithium-ion batteries. Typically, without limitation, the electrical devices include, but are not limited to, electric vehicles (e.g., pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, electric bicycles, electric scooters, electric golf carts, electric trucks, etc.), mobile devices (e.g., mobile phones, laptops, tablets, video recorders, cameras, radios, etc.), wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches, smart bracelets, stereo headphones, Bluetooth headsets, etc.), lighting fixtures (e.g., flashlights, etc.), toys, game consoles, clocks, power tools, household appliances (e.g., robot vacuum cleaners, floor scrubbers, etc.), ships and satellites, energy storage systems, etc.

[0035] The technical solution of this invention has the following advantages:

[0036] The method for preparing lithium iron phosphate material provided by this invention includes the following steps: S1, mixing lithium source, iron phosphate, dispersed carbon source, and solvent, and spray drying to obtain a mixture; wherein the solvent is a mixture of water and isopropanol, and the mass ratio of water to solvent is 1. p S2, the obtained mixture is mixed with a dry carbon source, ground, and sintered to obtain lithium iron phosphate material; wherein, the sintering temperature is I. s ℃, sintering time is I t Hour, the mass ratio of water to solvent I p The following relationship must be satisfied:

[0037] The value of I ranges from 0.47 to 2.28. By rationally controlling the solvent ratio of water and isopropanol, as well as the relationship between sintering temperature and holding time, the electronic conductivity of the material is improved, while the lithium-ion diffusion rate is also increased, thereby enhancing the discharge capacity and cycle stability of the lithium iron phosphate material. Furthermore, the preparation process of this application is simple, has a short cycle time, is easy to synthesize, and is convenient for widespread application. Attached Figure Description

[0038] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0039] Figure 1 This is a constant current charge and discharge diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The following embodiments are provided to better understand the present invention and are not limited to the preferred embodiments described. They do not constitute a limitation on the content and scope of protection of the present invention. Any product that is the same as or similar to the present invention, derived by any person under the guidance of the present invention or by combining the features of the present invention with other prior art, falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0041] For experiments not specifically described in the examples, the procedures or conditions should be followed according to the conventional experimental procedures described in the literature in this field. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all commercially available conventional reagent products.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] This embodiment provides a method for preparing lithium iron phosphate material, and the specific steps and operating parameters are as follows:

[0044] (1) Lithium hydroxide and ferric phosphate were added to an ultracentrifugal mixer at a molar ratio of 1:1 for ultra-high-speed mixing. Then, the mixed material was mixed with a dispersible carbon source (Shenzhen Zirconium-HF1160, a carbon source containing ester compounds, the same below) and water and isopropanol (water and isopropanol ratio 8:2) at a solid-liquid ratio of 2:1, with the dispersible carbon source accounting for 3% of the mass of ferric phosphate; then, the mixed material was put into a sand mill for wet grinding.

[0045] (2) The ground slurry was spray-dried at an operating pressure of 0.25 MPa. The dried material and polyvinyl alcohol were added to a grinder in a mass ratio of 8:1 (polyvinyl alcohol (molecular weight 2000) to iron phosphate) for dry ball milling. The ball-milled material was then pulverized in a mechanical pulverizer until the D50 was 0.55 μm. Finally, the pulverized material was placed in a nitrogen atmosphere and calcined at 840°C at a rate of 2°C / min for 8 hours. After cooling and sieving, the final lithium iron phosphate material was obtained.

[0046] Among them, sintering temperature I s ℃, sintering time I t Hour, the mass ratio of water to solvent I p The following relationship must be satisfied:

[0047]

[0048] Example 2

[0049] This embodiment provides a method for preparing lithium iron phosphate material, and the specific steps and operating parameters are as follows:

[0050] (1) Lithium hydroxide and iron phosphate were added to an ultracentrifugal mixer at a molar ratio of 1:1 for ultra-high-speed mixing. Then the mixed material, a dispersible carbon source, water and isopropanol (water to isopropanol ratio 7:3) were mixed at a solid-liquid ratio of 2:1, with the dispersible carbon source accounting for 3% of the mass of iron phosphate; then the mixed material was put into a sand mill for wet grinding.

[0051] (2) The ground slurry was spray-dried at an operating pressure of 0.25 MPa. The dried material and polyvinyl alcohol (molecular weight 2000) were added to a grinder and dry ball-milled at a mass ratio of 8:1 (polyvinyl alcohol: iron phosphate). The ball-milled material was then pulverized in a mechanical pulverizer until the D50 was 0.55 μm. Finally, the pulverized material was placed in a nitrogen atmosphere and calcined at 820°C for 10 h at a rate of 2°C / min. After cooling and sieving, the final lithium iron phosphate material was obtained.

[0052] Among them, sintering temperature I s ℃, sintering time I t Hour, the mass ratio of water to solvent I p The following relationship must be satisfied:

[0053]

[0054] Example 3

[0055] This embodiment provides a method for preparing lithium iron phosphate material, and the specific steps and operating parameters are as follows:

[0056] (1) Lithium hydroxide and iron phosphate were added to an ultracentrifugal mixer at a molar ratio of 1:1 for ultra-high-speed mixing. Then the mixed material, a dispersible carbon source, water and isopropanol (water to isopropanol ratio 6:4) were mixed at a solid-liquid ratio of 2:1, with the dispersible carbon source accounting for 5% of the mass of iron phosphate; then the mixed material was put into a sand mill for wet grinding.

[0057] (2) The ground slurry was spray-dried at an operating pressure of 0.25 MPa. The dried material and polyvinyl alcohol (molecular weight 2000) were added to a grinder and dry ball-milled at a mass ratio of 8:1 (polyvinyl alcohol: iron phosphate). The ball-milled material was then pulverized in a mechanical pulverizer until the D50 was 0.55 μm. Finally, the pulverized material was calcined in a nitrogen atmosphere at a rate of 2 °C / min to 860 °C for 6 h, cooled, and sieved to obtain the final lithium iron phosphate material.

[0058] Among them, sintering temperature I s ℃, sintering time I t Hour, the mass ratio of water to solvent I p The following relationship must be satisfied:

[0059]

[0060] Example 4

[0061] This embodiment provides a method for preparing lithium iron phosphate material, and the specific steps and operating parameters are as follows:

[0062] (1) Lithium hydroxide and iron phosphate were added to an ultracentrifugal mixer at a molar ratio of 1:1 for ultra-high-speed mixing. Then the mixed material, a dispersible carbon source, water and isopropanol (water to isopropanol ratio 9:1) were mixed at a solid-liquid ratio of 2:1, with the dispersible carbon source accounting for 3% of the mass of iron phosphate; then the mixed material was put into a sand mill for wet grinding.

[0063] (2) The ground slurry was spray-dried at an operating pressure of 0.25 MPa. The dried material and polyvinyl alcohol (molecular weight 2000) were added to a grinder and dry ball-milled at a mass ratio of 8:1 (polyvinyl alcohol: iron phosphate). The ball-milled material was then pulverized in a mechanical pulverizer until the D50 was 0.55 μm. Finally, the pulverized material was calcined at 820°C for 6 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere at a rate of 2°C / min, cooled, and sieved to obtain the final lithium iron phosphate material.

[0064] Among them, sintering temperature I s ℃, sintering time It Hour, the mass ratio of water to solvent I p The following relationship must be satisfied:

[0065]

[0066] Example 5

[0067] This embodiment provides a method for preparing lithium iron phosphate material, and the specific steps and operating parameters are as follows:

[0068] (1) Lithium hydroxide and iron phosphate were added to an ultracentrifugal mixer at a molar ratio of 1:1 for ultra-high-speed mixing. Then the mixed material, a dispersible carbon source, water and isopropanol (water to isopropanol ratio 6:4) were mixed at a solid-liquid ratio of 2:1, with the dispersible carbon source accounting for 5% of the mass of iron phosphate; then the mixed material was put into a sand mill for wet grinding.

[0069] (2) The ground slurry was spray-dried at an operating pressure of 0.25 MPa. The dried material and polyvinyl alcohol (molecular weight 2000) were added to a grinder and dry ball-milled at a mass ratio of 8:1 (polyvinyl alcohol: iron phosphate). The ball-milled material was then pulverized in a mechanical pulverizer until the D50 was 0.58 μm. Finally, the pulverized material was calcined at 860 °C for 9 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere at a rate of 2 °C / min, cooled, and sieved to obtain the final lithium iron phosphate material.

[0070] Among them, sintering temperature I s ℃, sintering time I t Hour, the mass ratio of water to solvent I p The following relationship must be satisfied:

[0071]

[0072] Example 6

[0073] This embodiment provides a method for preparing lithium iron phosphate material. Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that glucose is used instead of polyvinyl alcohol in step (2), and the mass ratio of glucose to iron phosphate is 10:1.

[0074] Example 7

[0075] This embodiment provides a method for preparing lithium iron phosphate material. Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that an equal mass of starch is used to replace the dispersed carbon source in step (1).

[0076] Comparative Example 1

[0077] This comparative example provides a method for preparing lithium iron phosphate material, and the specific steps and operating parameters are as follows:

[0078] (1) Lithium hydroxide and iron phosphate were added to an ultracentrifugal mixer at a molar ratio of 1:1 for ultra-high-speed mixing. Then the mixed material, a dispersible carbon source, water and isopropanol (water to isopropanol ratio 9:1) were mixed at a solid-liquid ratio of 2:1, with the dispersible carbon source accounting for 3% of the mass of iron phosphate; then the mixed material was put into a sand mill for wet grinding.

[0079] (2) The ground slurry was spray-dried at an operating pressure of 0.25 MPa. The dried material and polyvinyl alcohol (molecular weight 2000) were added to a grinder and dry ball-milled at a mass ratio of 8:1 (polyvinyl alcohol: iron phosphate). The ball-milled material was then pulverized in a mechanical pulverizer until the D50 was 0.55 μm. Finally, the pulverized material was calcined in a nitrogen atmosphere at a rate of 2 °C / min to 780 °C for 4 h, cooled, and sieved to obtain the final lithium iron phosphate material.

[0080] Among them, sintering temperature I s ℃, sintering time I t Hour, the mass ratio of water to solvent I p The following relationship must be satisfied:

[0081]

[0082] Comparative Example 2

[0083] This comparative example provides a method for preparing lithium iron phosphate material, and the specific steps and operating parameters are as follows:

[0084] (1) Lithium hydroxide and iron phosphate were added to an ultracentrifugal mixer at a molar ratio of 1:1 for ultra-high-speed mixing. Then the mixed material, a dispersible carbon source, water and isopropanol (water to isopropanol ratio 6:4) were mixed at a solid-liquid ratio of 2:1, with the dispersible carbon source accounting for 5% of the mass of iron phosphate; then the mixed material was put into a sand mill for wet grinding.

[0085] (2) The ground slurry was spray-dried at an operating pressure of 0.25 MPa. The dried material and polyvinyl alcohol (molecular weight 2000) were added to a grinder and dry ball-milled at a mass ratio of 8:1 (polyvinyl alcohol: iron phosphate). The ball-milled material was then pulverized in a mechanical pulverizer until the D50 was 0.55 μm. Finally, the pulverized material was calcined in a nitrogen atmosphere at a rate of 2 °C / min to 900 °C for 11 h, cooled, and sieved to obtain the final lithium iron phosphate material.

[0086] Among them, sintering temperature I s ℃, sintering time It Hour, the mass ratio of water to solvent I p The following relationship must be satisfied:

[0087]

[0088] Test case

[0089] The lithium iron phosphate materials provided in the various embodiments and comparative examples were used as positive electrode active materials to prepare coin cells for performance testing. Coin cell fabrication: A positive electrode slurry was prepared by uniformly mixing the positive electrode active material, carbon black conductive agent, PVDF binder, and NMP in a mass ratio of 95:2.5:2.5:5. This slurry was coated onto an aluminum foil with a thickness of 20–40 μm (in this test example, the aluminum foil thickness was 20 μm). After vacuum drying and rolling, it was formed into a positive electrode sheet with a coating surface density of 8 mg / cm³. 2 A coin cell battery, model CR2032, was assembled using lithium metal sheets as the negative electrode and an electrolyte ratio of 1.15M LiPF6 (EC (ethylene carbonate):DMC (dimethyl carbonate) volume ratio of 1:1).

[0090] The electrical performance of the button cells was tested using the Blue Battery Testing System. The cells were charged at 0.1C in a 25°C constant temperature chamber with a cutoff voltage of 3.75V. After a 30-minute rest period, the cells were discharged from 3.75V to 2.0V at a 0.1C current to obtain the 0.1C charge / discharge capacity. Then, the cells were charged at 1C with a cutoff voltage of 3.75V. After a 30-minute rest period, the cells were discharged from 3.75V to 2.0V at a 1C current to obtain the 1C discharge capacity. After 50 cycles (1C), the capacity retention rate was obtained. Specific test results are shown in Table 1.

[0091] Table 1

[0092]

[0093] The data in the table above shows that the closer the I value is to 1, the higher the capacity and the better the cycling stability. By optimizing the I value, the 50-cycle capacity retention rate can be further improved.

[0094] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing lithium iron phosphate material, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, a lithium source, iron phosphate, a dispersible carbon source, and a solvent are mixed and spray-dried to obtain a mixture; wherein the solvent is a mixture of water and isopropanol, and the mass ratio of water to solvent is I. p ; S2, the obtained mixture is mixed with a dry carbon source, pulverized, and sintered to obtain lithium iron phosphate material; Among them, sintering temperature I s ℃, sintering time I t Hour, the mass ratio of water to solvent I p The following relationship must be satisfied: The value of I ranges from 0.47 to 2.28; In step S2, the sintering temperature is 820℃~860℃ and the sintering time is 6h~10h.

2. The method for preparing lithium iron phosphate material according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the mass ratio of water to solvent is 0.6 ≤ I p <1.

3. The method for preparing lithium iron phosphate material according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that, The value of I ranges from 0.6 to 2.

2.

4. The method for preparing lithium iron phosphate material according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that, In step S1, the Li / Fe molar ratio is 0.99~1.01 (based on elemental composition). And / or, the amount of the dispersed carbon source used is 3%-6% of the mass of iron phosphate.

5. The method for preparing lithium iron phosphate material according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that, In step S1, the solid-liquid ratio of the mixed materials is 3:7 to 7:3; And / or, the pressure range of the spray drying is 0.2MPa~0.3MPa.

6. The method for preparing lithium iron phosphate material according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that, In step S2, the amount of the dry powder carbon source used is 5%-10% of the amount of iron phosphate used; And / or, the particle size requirement for pulverization in step S2 is 0.5μm≤D50≤0.6μm.

7. The method for preparing lithium iron phosphate material according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that, In step S1, the dispersed carbon source includes at least one of ester compounds or sugar compounds; And / or, in step S2, the dry powder carbon source includes at least one of polyvinyl alcohol, glucose, starch, and polyethylene glycol; And / or, in step S1, the lithium source includes at least one of lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, lithium phosphate, and lithium nitrate.

8. A lithium iron phosphate material prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1-7.

9. A lithium-ion battery, characterized in that, Including the lithium iron phosphate material as described in claim 8.

10. An electrical appliance, characterized in that, Including the lithium-ion battery as described in claim 9.

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