Eyeglass lens and method for manufacturing an eyeglass lens

Abstract

The present invention provides an ophthalmic lens (1), wherein the ophthalmic lens (1) comprises a composition (2) exhibiting negative photochromic properties and a composition (8) exhibiting positive photochromic properties. Furthermore, the present invention provides a method (200) for manufacturing an ophthalmic lens (1), wherein the method (200) comprises the following method steps: (S1): providing an ophthalmic lens substrate (6); and (S2): disposing a composition (2) exhibiting negative photochromic properties on a surface (7) of the ophthalmic lens substrate (6); and (S3): disposing a composition (8) exhibiting positive photochromic properties on the surface (7) of the ophthalmic lens substrate (6) and / or incorporating a composition (8) exhibiting positive photochromic properties into the ophthalmic lens substrate (6).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an ophthalmic lens and a method for manufacturing an ophthalmic lens. Background Art

[0002] Ophthalmic lens manufacturers offer several products that have the function of filtering incident light in certain wavelength ranges and thus modifying the perceived brightness and color of the objects and the environment surrounding the lens wearer. These functions (conventional dyes, photochromic dyes, anti-reflection coatings, or combinations thereof) are combined in a way that provides a pleasant result to the wearer (e.g., photochromic lenses that darken upon UV (ultraviolet) exposure). Exemplary products are conventionally tinted lenses, photochromic lenses, and lenses having a front surface photochromic coating and a rear side tint.

[0003] An observer's color impression of an object is influenced by three main factors: the emitter spectrum, the absorption, transmission, and / or reflection spectrum of the object, and the sensitivity of each of the observer's photoreceptor cells. The sensitivity of each of the observer's photoreceptor cells exhibits a triggering probability that is wavelength- and angle-dependent, which provides a biological input for forming the color impression.

[0004] For a wearer of an ophthalmic lens, the optical properties of the ophthalmic lens are another influencing factor, i.e., the reflection spectrum of the object observed by the wearer is filtered by the transmission spectrum of the ophthalmic lens.

[0005] The filter characteristics of an ophthalmic lens can be permanent, such as in an ophthalmic lens having a conventional dye; or non-permanent, such as in an ophthalmic lens having a photochromic composition.

[0006] In the ophthalmic lens industry, a photochromic composition is considered to be a composition that darkens upon exposure to UV radiation. More specifically, an ophthalmic lens that employs these compounds for filtering purposes has a reduced light transmittance upon exposure to UV radiation.

[0007] In addition to the photochromic compositions that darken upon exposure to UV radiation (which are hereinafter referred to as positive photochromic compositions), so-called negative photochromic compositions are known. Although the filter spectra modified by positive photochromic compositions exhibit a reduced light transmittance upon UV exposure, those filter spectra modified by negative photochromic compositions can also exhibit an increased light transmittance upon exposure to UV or VIS (visible) radiation.

[0008] The photochromic effects of positive and negative photochromic compositions can be based on one of the following mechanisms. First, at the molecular level, UV radiation has sufficiently high energy to induce the reversible cleavage of chemical bonds within the backbone of the organic photochromic composition. Typically, the forward reaction alters the size of the existing π - electron system and thus induces the formation or shift of an absorption band of the photochromic molecule within the VIS (visible) region. The reverse reaction of the equilibrium process is usually thermally induced. Typical examples of organic - backbone - based materials that exhibit photochromic effects are spiropyrans, spirooxazines, diarylethenes, azobenzenes, and quinones.

[0009] A second route for the spectral change of the filter of the photochromic composition is shown, for example, by the E - Z isomerization of cyanine dyes, where the energy required for the conformational change is absorbed within the visible light region (see NEMOTO, K. et al., “Negative photochromism of a blue cyanine dye”, Chem. Commun., 2020, 56, 15205 - 15207).

[0010] Other mechanisms that give rise to photochromic effects are also possible. For example, inorganic photochromic compositions and products are available, such as those based on silver oxide and cerium - doped lithium aluminosilicate. TIAN, H., ZHANG, J. (eds.), Photochromic Materials: Preparation, Properties and Applications, 2016, Wiley - VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, DOI: 10.1002 / 9783527683734, provides a review of specific substances and compositions known as photochromic materials and the relevant mechanisms that describe photochromic effects, especially in Chapter 1 - NAKATANI, K. et al., “Introduction: Organic Photochromic Molecules”.

[0011] Substances that exhibit negative photochromic effects include, but are not limited to, azobenzenes, spiropyran derivatives (including spirobenzopyran), dihydropyrenes (such as dimethyldihydropyrene), Stenhouse salts, imidazolyl radical complexes (such as 1,1'-binaphthyl - bridged imidazole dimers), and cyanine dyes (such as blue cyanine dye (BCy)).

[0012] Chemical groups and unique examples of negative photochromic compositions are, for example, dihydropyrene (the "brightening" effect caused by ring opening / closing, i.e., conversion to a colored state), 1,1'-binaphthyl-bridged phenoxyl-imidazolyl radical complex (the "brightening" effect caused by the formation of a radical complex), and blue cyanine dye (BCy; the "brightening" effect caused by E-Z isomerization).

[0013] Specific examples of negative photochromic substances and compositions are disclosed in particular in the following documents: YAMAGUCHI, T. et al. "Fast Negative Photochromism of 1,1′-Binaphthyl-Bridged Phenoxyl–Imidazolyl Radical Complex", J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2016, 138(3), 906 - 913; NEMOTO, K. et al. "Negative photochromism of a blue cyanine dye", Chem. Commun., 2020, 56, 15205 - 15207; FUNASAKO, Y. et al. "Synthesis, Photochromic Properties, and Crystal Structures of Salts Containing a Pyridinium-Fused Spiropyran: Positive and Negative Photochromism in the Solution and Solid State", J. Phys. Chem. B, 2020, 124, 33, 7251–7257; SARKAR, R. et al. "Electronic Excited States and UV–Vis Absorption Spectra of the Dihydropyrene / Cyclophanediene Photochromic Couple: a Theoretical Investigation", J. Phys. Chem. A, 2020, 124, 8, 1567–1579.

[0014] In addition to the negative photochromism of individual molecules, where the solvent or embedding matrix contained therein does not undergo simultaneous characteristic changes upon deactivation / activation, macroscopic effects can also be achieved by embedding a deprotonatable / protonatable dye substance (indicator dye substance) into a matrix, where the matrix reacts to UV and / or VIS irradiation and has a response.

[0015] For example, a photosensitive matrix that releases protons (changing the pH through a metastable photoacid) can facilitate the protonation of the colored indicator dye substance, the protonated form of which is less colored or not colored at all. An example of the photo-triggered release of protons and its effect on the pH-dependent absorption spectrum of a dye is given in ALGHAZWAT, O. et al. Red-light responsive metastable-state photoacid, Dyes and Pigments, 171, 107719.

[0016] Generally, the positive photochromic compositions used in spectacle lenses enable the wearer to perceive the darkening of the spectacle lenses (L* value in the L*a*b* color space) under irradiation in the UV range. This darkening may be associated with an undesired change in the perceived color (a* and b* values in the L*a*b* color space).

[0017] Therefore, the color impression and perceived contrast of the same object by the wearer can change depending on the UV exposure conditions of the spectacle lenses.

[0018] In addition, spectacle lenses with positive photochromic compositions do not allow the wearer's color impression to change under different UV exposure conditions without changing the perceived brightness due to the change in light transmittance. Spectacle lenses containing conventional dye substances do not allow any change in their filter spectrum in response to different UV exposure conditions in the environment, for example, neither a change in perceived brightness nor a change in color.

[0019] In addition, a quantitative description of contrast sensitivity was reported in the prior art document BARTEN, P. Formula for the contrast sensitivity of the human eye, Proc. SPIE 5294 Image Quality and System Performance, December 18, 2003 (doi: 10.1117 / 12.537476), which shows different influencing factors on the contrast sensitivity of human vision (see the Figure 4)。A pair of sunglasses can affect the impact of noise on the contrast sensitivity of the eyes. BARTEN, P. pointed out that the contrast of an object is a function of the ratio LS / L, where LS is the surrounding brightness and L is the brightness of the object. Therefore, it is difficult to see dark objects in an overly bright scene.

[0020] In addition, LINGELBACH, B. et al. pointed out that contrast sensitivity (perception) also depends on the eye's sensitivity to changes in different parts of the spectrum. That is, scattered blue light will generate more "noise" in the visual system, making it more difficult to distinguish important objects from the background (LINGELBACH, B. et al., Journal of ASTM International, January 2005, Vol. 2, No. 1; DOI: 10.1520 / JAI11972).

[0021] According to LINGELBACH, B. et al., a pair of traditional contrast-enhancing spectacle lenses does try to eliminate the "noisy part" of the spectrum in the background, making the different spectra of important objects as little affected as possible, thereby enhancing the contrast. Apparently, for traditional spectacle lenses, this performs best under specific predefined illuminations (such as in bright light for ski goggles). However, these contrast-enhancing spectacle lenses according to the prior art will not allow sufficient contrast enhancement under changing conditions (such as changes in the ambient spectrum and / or the overall brightness level).

[0022] US2013 / 102775 A1 discloses a photochromic material formed from a bisimidazole compound, which exhibits negative photochromism. Specific application examples include optical switches, printing materials, recording materials, and holographic materials.

[0023] US2019 / 382654 A1 discloses materials that exhibit negative photochromism, which can be used in applications such as glass and colored contact lenses.

[0024] US2012 / 183810 A1 discloses a photochromic material that can change from a colored form to a transparent form faster compared to conventional photochromic materials. This material can be used in ophthalmic elements, such as corrective lenses.

[0025] US2020 / 201079 A1 discloses an optical lens containing a laminated film, which includes a first adhesive layer, a first barrier layer, a photochromic layer that exhibits positive photochromism, a second barrier layer, and a second adhesive layer.

[0026] JP 2010 270163A discloses photochromic materials and photochromic laminates. Summary of the Invention

[0027] In view of the aforementioned prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide an ophthalmic lens, the filter spectrum of which allows for further improving and modifying the visual impression of an object observed by a wearer through the ophthalmic lens. It is desired to provide an ophthalmic lens that allows a wearer to perceive the color of an object observed through the ophthalmic lens without significantly changing the brightness of his visual impression, the brightness being describable, for example, by L* in the L*a*b* color space.

[0028] Furthermore, it is desired to provide an ophthalmic lens, the filter characteristics of which allow for enhancing the contrast under varying conditions, such as when the ambient emitter spectrum and / or the overall brightness level changes.

[0029] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing an ophthalmic lens, which allows for further improving and modifying the visual impression of an object observed by a wearer through the ophthalmic lens.

[0030] The first object is achieved by an ophthalmic lens as claimed in claim 1 or claim 5. The another object is achieved by a method for manufacturing an ophthalmic lens as claimed in claim 12 or claim 15.

[0031] Throughout this specification, the following definitions apply:

[0032] The term "absorption" refers to the process by which a medium extracts energy from electromagnetic radiation (such as light and / or UV radiation) passing through it, thereby weakening the intensity of the radiation. The absorbed energy may cause the medium to heat up.

[0033] The term "contrast sensitivity" describes the ability to perceive luminance differences in the visual field. It can be defined as the reciprocal of the modulation threshold of a sinusoidal luminance pattern, the modulation threshold being defined at a 50% detection probability. The contrast sensitivity function correlates contrast sensitivity with spatial frequency.

[0034] The term "D65 light source" refers to a standard illuminant, a visible light source having a specific spectral power distribution. It provides a basis for comparing images or colors recorded under different illuminations. A "D" light source is a light source constructed to represent natural daylight. The color temperature of the D65 light source, i.e., the temperature of the ideal blackbody radiator that emits light of a color equivalent to that of the light source, is approximately 6500 K. The D65 light source is defined by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE), as described in ISO 11664-2:2007 (Colorimetry - Part 2: CIE standard illuminants) and DIN 5033-7:2014-10 (especially in section 5.1).

[0035] The term "dye substance" means a colored substance that permanently imparts a certain coloration to an ophthalmic lens or is used to permanently change the coloration of an ophthalmic lens. The term "indicator dye substance" means a dye substance that exhibits at least two states (e.g., a protonated state and a deprotonated state), where these at least two states exhibit different absorption spectra in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum (i.e., 380 nm to 780 nm). For example, protonation and deprotonation can be induced by a change in pH value, respectively.

[0036] The term "L*a*b* color space", also known as the CIELAB color space, denotes a color space that represents a color as three values: L* represents the perceived lightness, and a* and b* represent four unique colors of human vision: red, green, blue, and yellow. The calculation methods of the parameters L*, a*, and b* are specified in the following: DIN EN ISO / CIE 11664-4:2019, Colorimetry - Part 4: CIE1976 L*a*b* color space.

[0037] The term "laterally adjacent to each other" refers to an arrangement in which two compositions are arranged in the same plane (e.g., within a single coating) and are in contact with each other or not. For example, two compositions can be arranged side by side in the form of pixels, with the pixels in contact with each other or not.

[0038] If used alone, the term "light" refers to electromagnetic radiation (visible light) that can directly cause a human visual sensation, i.e., electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength between 380 nm and 780 nm.

[0039] The term "light transmittance" τ V is the ratio of the light flux transmitted by a lens to the incident light flux, as defined in Section 3.4 of DIN EN ISO8980-3:2014-03.

[0040]

[0041] where τ(λ) is the spectral transmittance of the ophthalmic lens; V(λ) is the spectral luminous efficiency function of daylight (see DIN EN ISO / CIE 11664-1:2020-03), and S D65 (λ) is the spectral distribution of the radiation of the CIE standard illuminant D65.

[0042] In other words, light transmittance is a measure of the amount of electromagnetic radiation emitted from a reference illuminant (such as a D65 light source), passing through a medium, and being perceivable by the human eye.

[0043] The term "composition" means a chemical substance or a mixture of different chemical substances.

[0044] The term "composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties" refers to a composition that behaves like a negative photochromic substance. A composition that macroscopically exhibits negative photochromic properties changes from a state with lower light transmittance to a state with higher light transmittance when irradiated in the UV and / or VIS range. This may be because the composition actually contains or consists of a negative photochromic substance, or because the composition contains a photosensitive matrix with at least one indicator dye substance that exhibits negative photochromism.

[0045] The term "composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties" refers to a composition that behaves like a positive photochromic substance. A composition that macroscopically exhibits positive photochromic properties changes from a state with higher light transmittance to a state with lower light transmittance when irradiated in the UV and / or VIS range. This may be because the composition actually contains or consists of a positive photochromic substance, or because the composition contains a photosensitive matrix with at least one indicator dye substance that macroscopically exhibits positive photochromism.

[0046] The term "photosensitive matrix" refers to a chemical composition for containing (e.g., embedding) an indicator dye substance and reacting and having a response to radiation irradiation in the UV and / or VIS range. The response can be, for example, the release of protons, e.g., due to a change in pH by a metastable photoacid. The response can be used to respectively affect the balance between the protonated form and the deprotonated form of the indicator dye substance, so as to macroscopically exhibit positive or negative photochromism, or bring about a balance between the activated and non-activated states of a negative and / or positive photochromic substance.

[0047] The term "photochromism" refers to the reversible conversion of a chemical substance (e.g., a molecule) between two forms or states (e.g., isomers) induced by absorption of UV radiation and / or VIS radiation. These two forms can inherently exhibit different absorption spectra in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum (i.e., 380 nm to 780 nm), or they can cause another chemical substance to convert between two forms or states, where these two forms or states exhibit different absorption spectra in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

[0048] These two states or forms are respectively referred to as the activated state or form (after irradiation in the UV and / or VIS range) and the non-activated state or form (before irradiation in the UV and / or VIS range). The process of converting the non-activated state or form to the activated state or form is called activation, and the process of converting the activated state or form to the non-activated state or form is called deactivation.

[0049] The wavelength of the UV and / or VIS radiation required to induce such a conversion depends on the energy required to enable the electrons to transition to the antibonding orbital. Thus, the wavelength is molecule-specific. Together with the absorption spectrum, the light transmittance is correspondingly affected. The light transmittance of spectacle lenses with a photochromic substance in both states can be determined by a standard procedure as described in Section 7.5 of DIN EN ISO 8980-3:2014-03. The ratio of the light transmittance in its thermodynamically stable state to the light transmittance after UV and / or VIS irradiation is referred to as the photochromic response (see DIN EN ISO 8980-3:2014-03, Section 6.4.1). Thus, a photochromic composition (photochromic material) is a composition that reversibly changes its light transmittance depending on the irradiance and wavelength of the light radiation falling on it (see DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12, Section 3.3.5), and a photochromic spectacle lens is a spectacle lens that reversibly changes its light transmittance depending on the irradiance and wavelength of the light radiation to which it is exposed (see DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12, Section 3.5.11).

[0050] "Positive photochromism" means that the activated state of the composition exhibits a lower light transmittance than the non-activated state, where activation occurs via irradiation in the UV and / or VIS range. Thus, the photochromic response is positive. It should be noted that in this context, the terms "higher" and "lower" are relative concepts used only to compare the light transmittances of the two states with each other and do not permit absolute statements about the light transmittance.

[0051] "Negative photochromism" means that the activated state of the composition exhibits a higher light transmittance than the non-activated state, where activation occurs via irradiation in the UV and / or VIS range; thus, the photochromic response is negative. This is a photochromic reaction in which the thermally stable colored form (non-activated state) isomerizes to a metastable colorless form (activated state) upon light irradiation, and the resulting colorless form thermally returns to the initial colored form.

[0052] The term "negative photochromic substance" refers to a chemical substance that inherently exhibits negative photochromism due to its chemical structure. When activated, for example, by irradiation in the UV and / or VIS range, its molecular structure changes from a state with a lower light transmittance to a state with a higher light transmittance. The state with a lower light transmittance corresponds to the thermodynamically stable form.

[0053] The term "positive photochromic substance" refers to a chemical substance that inherently exhibits positive photochromism due to its chemical structure. When activated, for example, by irradiation in the UV and / or VIS range, its molecular structure changes from a state with a higher light transmittance to a state with a lower light transmittance. The state with a higher light transmittance corresponds to the thermodynamically stable form.

[0054] The terms "printing" or "print" respectively refer to the process of applying a material to a surface by using printing techniques such as inkjet printing. The term "inkjet printing" refers to a non-contact method of forming a pattern on a surface by discrete deposition of ink droplets. Common procedures for inkjet printing include continuous inkjet and drop-on-demand inkjet, both of which are well-known to those skilled in the art.

[0055] The term "semi-finished lens blank" refers to a piece of optical material having one optically finished surface for making spectacle lenses (DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12, section 3.8.1). The term "finished lens blank" refers to a piece of optical material having two optically finished surfaces (front surface and back surface) for manufacturing spectacle lenses but without procedures such as coating and polishing.

[0056] The term "spectacle lens" refers to an ophthalmic lens that is worn in front of the eyeball but does not come into contact with the eyeball (DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12, section 3.5.2), where an ophthalmic lens is a lens intended for measuring, correcting, and / or protecting the eye, or changing its appearance (DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12, section 3.5.1). Here, spectacle lenses include, but are not limited to, corrective lenses, protective lenses, polarizing lenses, balancing lenses, matching lenses, etc. as defined in sections 3.5.3 to 3.5.13 of DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12. In addition, according to section 3.6 of DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12, spectacle lenses can have various lens shapes, including but not limited to curved lenses, plano lenses, spherical lenses, cylindrical lenses, spherocylindrical lenses, toric lenses, aspherical lenses, non-toric lenses, etc. The term "spectacle lens" includes uncut finished lenses according to section 3.8.8 of DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12, i.e., finished lenses before edging, and edged lenses according to section 3.8.9 of DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12, i.e., finished lenses edged to the final size and shape, where the term finished lens refers to a lens having its final optical structure on both sides according to section 3.8.7 of DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12.

[0057] The term "eyeglass lens substrate" refers to a piece of optical material that is used during the manufacture of an eyeglass lens and forms part of the finished eyeglass lens. The eyeglass lens substrate can undergo several processes before becoming part of the finished eyeglass lens, such as coating, cleaning, polishing, etc. In other words, an eyeglass lens contains an eyeglass lens substrate and a material that at least exhibits negative photochromic properties, or consists of an eyeglass lens substrate and a material that at least exhibits negative photochromic properties. In addition to the eyeglass lens substrate and the material that exhibits negative photochromic properties, the eyeglass lens can contain coatings, such as an anti-reflection coating.

[0058] The term "spectrum" refers to an optical spectrum, such as an absorption spectrum, a transmission spectrum, etc., which shows the amount (usually a percentage) of absorbed, transmitted (etc.) electromagnetic radiation depending on the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation.

[0059] The term "substance" refers to a single chemical substance, i.e., a form of matter having a constant chemical composition and characteristic properties.

[0060] The term "surface" refers to any layer of a three-dimensional eyeglass lens substrate that is in direct contact with the environment. This surface can be regarded as its boundary. The surface of the eyeglass lens substrate includes its front surface (i.e., the front side), side surfaces (i.e., the edges), and back surface (i.e., the back side). In the context of an eyeglass lens, the expression "back surface" is used for the surface of the eyeglass lens that faces the wearer's eye when the eyeglass lens is mounted and worn in an eyeglass frame (DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12, section 3.8.14). In the context of an eyeglass lens substrate, the expression "back surface" is used for the surface that will ultimately become the back surface of the eyeglass lens containing the eyeglass lens substrate. In the context of an eyeglass lens, the term "front surface" is used for the surface of the eyeglass lens that faces away from the wearer's eye when the eyeglass lens is mounted and worn in an eyeglass frame. In the context of an eyeglass lens substrate, the term "front surface" is used for the surface that will ultimately become the front surface of the eyeglass lens containing the eyeglass lens substrate.

[0061] The term "transmission" refers to the process by which electromagnetic radiation (such as light and / or UV radiation) passes through a medium. The degree of transmission can be described by the light transmittance as defined in DIN EN ISO 8980-3:2014-03, section 3.4, i.e., the ratio of the luminous flux transmitted by the lens to the incident luminous flux. In other words, the light transmittance is a measure of the amount of electromagnetic radiation passing through the medium.

[0062] The term "ultraviolet radiation" or simply "UV radiation" includes UV-A, UV-B, and UV-C radiation and refers to electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between 100 nm and 380 nm (DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12, section 3.1.3).

[0063] The term "VIS" refers to visible electromagnetic radiation, i.e., electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength between 380 nm and 780 nm (Section 2 of ISO 20473:2007-04).

[0064] The term "wearer" refers to an individual wearing spectacle lenses, i.e., an individual who observes objects through the spectacle lenses when the spectacle lenses are in the actual wearing position.

[0065] The actual wearing position is the position (including orientation) of the spectacle lenses relative to the eyes and the face during wearing (DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12, Section 3.2.36). The actual wearing position is determined by the actual wearing rake angle, the actual wearing bevel, and the vertex distance. The actual wearing rake angle is the vertical angle between the horizontal direction and the perpendicular direction of a reference line passing through the vertices of the upper and lower rims of the frame in the vertical plane containing the principal direction (DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12, Section 3.2.37), where the principal direction is the line-of-sight direction to an object at infinity measured in the habitual head and body posture when looking straight ahead with the naked eye (usually taken as the horizontal direction) (DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12, Section 3.2.25), and the line-of-sight is the optical path from a point of interest in object space (i.e., the fixation point) to the center of the entrance pupil of the eye and its continuation in image space from the center of the exit pupil to the retinal fixation point (usually the fovea) (DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12, Section 3.2.24). The typical value of the actual wearing rake angle lies within the range of -20 degrees to +30 degrees. The actual wearing bevel is the horizontal angle between the principal direction and the perpendicular direction of a reference line passing through the vertices of the nasal and temple rims of the frame in the horizontal plane containing the principal direction (DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12, Section 3.2.38). The typical value of the actual wearing bevel lies within the range of -5 degrees to +30 degrees. The vertex distance is the horizontal distance measured between the posterior surface of the spectacle lens and the vertex of the cornea when the eyes are in the primary position (DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12, Section 3.2.40), where the primary position is the position of the eyes when looking in the principal direction (DIN EN ISO 13666:2019-12, Section 3.2.26). The typical value of the vertex distance lies within the range of 5 mm to 30 mm. The actual wearing position can be an individual actual wearing position determined for a specific individual or a general actual wearing position determined for a defined group of wearers.

[0066] As used in this specification and the appended claims, the articles "a", "an" and "the" include plural referents unless expressly and unambiguously limited to one referent.

[0067] When used in a series of two or more elements, the term "and / or" as used herein means that any of the listed elements can be used alone or any combination of two or more of the listed elements can be used. For example, when describing irradiation in the UV and / or VIS range, the irradiation can be accomplished with visible light only, UV radiation only, or a combination of visible light and UV radiation.

[0068] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an ophthalmic lens. The ophthalmic lens comprises a composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties and a composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties.

[0069] The composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties can, for example, be present on one or more surfaces of the ophthalmic lens substrate of the ophthalmic lens and / or can be incorporated into the ophthalmic lens substrate.

[0070] When compared to conventional ophthalmic lenses containing only dye substances and / or positive photochromic compositions, the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties enables broadening of the visual effects obtainable under different irradiations of UV and / or VIS range radiation conditions, such as color shift, color stability, contrast adaptation, etc. Accordingly, the ophthalmic lens of the present invention allows better customization of its absorption spectrum according to the wearer's individual needs.

[0071] Specifically, the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties can effect a color shift upon irradiation in the UV and / or VIS range without or with little change in brightness. For example, the brightness can be detected by observing the L* parameter in the L*a*b* color space. In other words, the a* and b* parameters in the L*a*b* color space can change under different UV radiation conditions without or with little change in the L* parameter.

[0072] For example, in an interior space such as an office, it may be desirable to use the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties to cause the ophthalmic lens to absorb blue light, i.e., the ophthalmic lens may appear pale yellow. However, if the light conditions change due to external daylight conditions containing UV radiation, e.g., the wearer wearing the ophthalmic lens leaves the office and walks outside the office building, then due to exposure to UV radiation, the absorption spectrum of the ophthalmic lens will change, resulting in lower blue light absorption, i.e., the ophthalmic lens appears colorless rather than pale yellow.

[0073] Compositions exhibiting negative photochromic properties and compositions exhibiting positive photochromic properties can be arranged side by side, for example as droplets, or stacked, for example as a stacked layer-by-layer or pixel-by-pixel structure.

[0074] When compared to conventional spectacle lenses containing only dye substances and / or positive photochromic compositions, even more diverse visual effects can be obtained by combining a composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties with a composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties.

[0075] Furthermore, spectacle lenses containing a composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties and a composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties can allow for dynamic contrast adaptation under changing conditions, such as changes in the ambient illuminant spectrum and / or overall brightness level, by correspondingly adjusting the filter properties. In other words, the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties and the composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties contained in the spectacle lenses can be used for contrast enhancement.

[0076] For example, the color of the spectacle lenses can change with the spectrum of the illumination, for example, becoming more reddish when the sun is low and becoming white or bluish when the sun is high, while maintaining a nearly constant light transmittance. This means that the spectacle lenses can maintain their contrast enhancement properties under a greater variety of ambient lighting conditions.

[0077] At the same time, if the illumination intensity changes while maintaining its spectrum, the contrast can also be improved, for example, for an observer who, for example, moves out of the sun's range and into the shadow during driving. In this case, the spectacle lenses containing a composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties and a composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties can adjust their transmittance while maintaining their hue. Therefore, compared to conventional contrast enhancement spectacle lenses, the spectacle lenses do have the advantage of functioning over a wider range of lighting conditions.

[0078] For example, a composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties can contain at least one positive photochromic substance. In other words, a composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties can contain one or more positive photochromic substances or consist of one or more positive photochromic substances. Achieving positive photochromic properties through positive photochromic substances has the advantage of simple practical implementation, since in the simplest case, only one substance, i.e., one positive photochromic substance, is required.

[0079] For example, the at least one positive photochromic substance may be a substance disclosed in the following: TIAN, H., ZHANG, J. (eds.), Photochromic Materials: Preparation, Properties and Applications [Photochromic Materials: Preparation, Properties and Applications], 2016, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, DOI: 10.1002 / 9783527683734. In other words, one or more of the above substances may be used as a composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties.

[0080] In a particular development of the spectacle lens according to the invention, for the above reasons, the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties and the composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties may be arranged adjacent to each other laterally (e.g., side by side) on the surface of the spectacle lens substrate, e.g., on the front surface and / or the rear surface, in particular at least on the front surface.

[0081] To obtain the laterally adjacent arrangement, the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties and the composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties may be coated pixel by pixel on the surface, for example, by using an inkjet printing method. For example, the coating may comprise alternating pixels of the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties and the composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties. The pixels may be arranged in contact with each other or separated.

[0082] For example, the negative photochromic substance and the positive photochromic substance may be arranged adjacent to each other laterally on the surface of the spectacle lens substrate.

[0083] The described laterally adjacent arrangement has the following advantages: The interaction between the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties and the composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties can be reduced or even avoided, and these interactions may affect the color and / or brightness properties. This may allow a higher degree of freedom regarding possible filter spectrum modifications. In addition, the side-by-side arrangement has the advantage of being easier to calculate and simulate the resulting overall spectrum, since the overall spectrum is completely additive. In another particular development of the spectacle lens according to the invention, the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties may comprise or consist of a photosensitive matrix having at least one indicator dye substance, the photosensitive matrix being a substance whose filter spectrum is sensitive to changes in the matrix caused by irradiation in the UV and / or VIS range such that macroscopic negative photochromicity can be observed. The indicator dye substance may be incorporated into the photosensitive matrix.

[0084] The main advantage of using a photosensitive matrix with at least one indicator dye substance to obtain a negative photochromic effect is that the matrix properties can be adjusted in view of the specific requirements of spectacle lenses and their manufacture. That is to say, the matrix properties can be adjusted, for example, to allow good adhesion on the surface of the spectacle lens substrate. In addition, the matrix can be modified to better meet the requirements associated with manufacturing processes such as washing, polishing, spinning, further coating, etc.

[0085] In a second aspect, the present invention provides another spectacle lens. The spectacle lens comprises a composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties. The composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties comprises a photosensitive matrix having at least one indicator dye substance, the photosensitive matrix being a substance whose filter spectrum is sensitive to changes in the matrix caused by irradiation in the UV and / or VIS range such that macroscopic negative photochromism can be observed. The indicator dye substance can be incorporated into the photosensitive matrix.

[0086] The main advantage of using a photosensitive matrix with at least one indicator dye substance to obtain a negative photochromic effect is that the matrix properties can be adjusted in view of the specific requirements of spectacle lenses and their manufacture. That is to say, the matrix properties can be adjusted, for example, to allow good adhesion on the surface of the spectacle lens substrate. In addition, the matrix can be modified to better meet the requirements associated with manufacturing processes such as washing, polishing, spinning, further coating, etc.

[0087] When compared with conventional spectacle lenses containing only dye substances and / or positive photochromic compositions, the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties enables the broadening of the visual effects obtainable under different irradiations of UV and / or VIS range radiation conditions, such as color shift, color stability, contrast adaptation, etc. Therefore, the spectacle lenses of the present invention allow for better customization of their absorption spectra according to the individual needs of the wearer.

[0088] Specifically, the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties can achieve a color shift upon irradiation in the UV and / or VIS range without or with little change in brightness. For example, the brightness can be detected by observing the L* parameter in the L*a*b* color space. In other words, the a* and b* parameters in the L*a*b* color space can change under different UV radiation conditions without changing or with little change in the L* parameter.

[0089] For example, in an interior space such as an office, it may be desirable to use a composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties to cause the spectacle lens to absorb blue light, i.e., the spectacle lens may appear pale yellow. However, if the light conditions change due to external daylight conditions containing UV radiation, for example, a wearer wearing the spectacle lens leaves the office and walks outside the office building, then due to exposure to UV radiation, the absorption spectrum of the spectacle lens will change, resulting in a lower absorption of blue light, i.e., the spectacle lens appears colorless rather than pale yellow.

[0090] In a specific development of the spectacle lens according to the first or second aspect of the present invention, the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties may comprise at least one negative photochromic substance.

[0091] In other words, the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties may comprise or consist of one or more negative photochromic substances. Achieving negative photochromic properties with negative photochromic substances has the advantage of simplicity in practical implementation, since in the simplest case only one substance, i.e., one negative photochromic substance, is required.

[0092] For example, the at least one negative photochromic substance may be a substance disclosed in the references mentioned in the specific examples of negative photochromic substances and compositions in the background art section.

[0093] In other words, one or more of the above substances may be used as the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties.

[0094] In another specific development of the spectacle lens according to the first or second aspect of the present invention, the spectacle lens may comprise a spectacle lens substrate, and the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties may be disposed on the surface of the spectacle lens substrate.

[0095] For example, the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties may be present as a coating on one or more surfaces (e.g., its front surface and / or rear surface) of the spectacle lens substrate. In particular, the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties may be disposed at least on the front surface of the spectacle lens substrate. This enables the effect caused by irradiation in the UV and / or VIS range to occur even if the spectacle lens substrate contains a UV absorber that prevents UV radiation from being transmitted through the spectacle lens substrate.

[0096] A composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties can be directly coated on the surface of a spectacle lens substrate, i.e., arranged to be in direct contact with the material of the spectacle lens substrate, or one or more additional coatings can be present between the material of the spectacle lens substrate and a coating comprising or consisting of a composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties. In any case, if viewed from the spectacle lens substrate, one or more additional coatings comprising or consisting of a composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties can be arranged above, such as an anti-reflection coating, a hard coating, etc.

[0097] Arranging a composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties in direct contact with the surface of a spectacle lens substrate can enhance the adhesion and durability of the coating.

[0098] Arranging a composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties on the surface of a spectacle lens substrate has the advantage of simple practical implementation, since, for example, known coating procedures can be used. In addition, this allows the optical structure of the spectacle lens substrate to be pre-implemented, i.e., semi-finished lens blanks or finished lens blanks can be used to be coated with a composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties. Thus, several identical semi-finished lens blanks or finished lens blanks can be produced simultaneously and coated differently at a later stage, for example, with different compositions exhibiting negative photochromic properties.

[0099] As an alternative or supplement to arranging a composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties on the surface of a spectacle lens substrate, a composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties can be incorporated into the spectacle lens substrate.

[0100] Such incorporation can be obtained, for example, by a diffusion process. For example, the spectacle lens substrate can be immersed in a bath containing a composition comprising a negative photochromic substance, thereby allowing the composition of the negative photochromic substance to diffuse into the substrate material.

[0101] Compared with a coating, incorporation into the substrate may be advantageous in terms of mechanical stability.

[0102] In another specific development of a spectacle lens according to the first or second aspect of the invention, the spectacle lens can comprise a dye substance. For example, the dye substance can be a non-protonatable dye substance that exhibits only one state and cannot change its absorption spectrum upon irradiation in the UV and / or VIS range.

[0103] For example, the spectacle lens can comprise a composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties, and a dye substance, but not a composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties, or the spectacle lens can comprise a composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties, a dye substance, and a composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties.

[0104] Suitable dye substances are, for example, Dianix Yellow AM-42, Serilene Scarlet G-LS, Dianix Turquoise S-BG, Terasil Blue 3RL-01, Teratop Blue GLF, Dorospers Red KKR, Teratop Pink 3G, Dianix Orange S-G, and CRX powder dyes such as Fluorescent Yellow 5944, Lemon Yellow 8043, Golden Yellow 3441, Orange 5945, Orange 3439, Scarlet 3443, Red 8153, Pink 3442, Magenta 8168, Violet 3735, Lilac 3449, Aubergine 8169, Blue 3437, Night Blue 3438, Blue 5770, Sky Blue 8170, Anise Green 6755, Green 3450, Green 3467, Dark Green 8171, Ochre 8172, Brown Pink 3466, Olive Brown 3446, Smoke Color 3447, Brown 6785, Neutral Gray 3444, Iron Gray 8173, Gray Blue 3445, Gray Green 5661, Black 5894.

[0105] If the spectacle lens additionally contains a dye substance, even more different visual effects can be obtained compared to conventional spectacle lenses that contain only a dye substance and / or a positive photochromic composition.

[0106] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a spectacle lens. The method includes the following method steps: providing a spectacle lens substrate; disposing a composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties on the surface of the spectacle lens substrate and / or incorporating a composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties into the spectacle lens substrate; and disposing a composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties on the surface of the spectacle lens substrate and / or incorporating a composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties into the spectacle lens substrate.

[0107] Disposing a composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties and / or a composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties on the surface of the spectacle lens substrate can be achieved by coating methods such as spin coating, dip coating, spraying, inkjet printing, etc. Incorporating into the spectacle lens substrate can be achieved, for example, by a diffusion process such as wicking, which can cause the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties and / or the composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties to be physically trapped or suitably chemically bonded to the material of the spectacle lens substrate.

[0108] Exemplarily, the manufacturing method can be used to manufacture the spectacle lens according to the first aspect of the present invention as described above, i.e., a spectacle lens comprising a composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties and a composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties. Accordingly, the description of the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties, including specific examples and combinations with the composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties and / or dye substances, also applies to the manufacturing method. The above advantages regarding the spectacle lens are correspondingly associated with the manufacturing method.

[0109] For example, the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties and the composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties can be arranged adjacent to each other laterally on the surface of the spectacle lens substrate. The composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties and the composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties can be arranged side by side, for example as droplets, or stacked, for example as a stacked layer-by-layer structure.

[0110] In a specific development of the method according to the third aspect of the present invention, the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties can comprise a photosensitive matrix having at least one indicator dye substance.

[0111] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides another method for manufacturing a spectacle lens. The method comprises the following method steps: providing a spectacle lens substrate; and arranging a composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties on the surface of the spectacle lens substrate and / or incorporating a composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties into the spectacle lens substrate. The composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties comprises a photosensitive matrix having at least one indicator dye substance.

[0112] Arranging the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties on the surface of the spectacle lens substrate can be achieved by coating methods such as spin coating, dip coating, spraying, inkjet printing, etc. Incorporating into the spectacle lens substrate can be achieved, for example, by a diffusion process such as blotting, which can cause the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties to be physically trapped or suitably chemically bonded to the material of the spectacle lens substrate.

[0113] Exemplarily, the manufacturing method can be used to manufacture the spectacle lens according to the second aspect of the present invention as described above, i.e., a spectacle lens comprising a composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties, wherein the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties comprises a photosensitive matrix having at least one indicator dye substance. Accordingly, the description of the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties, including specific examples and combinations with the composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties and / or dye substances, also applies to the manufacturing method. The above advantages regarding the spectacle lens are correspondingly associated with the manufacturing method.

[0114] In a specific development of the method according to the third or fourth aspect of the present invention, a composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties and / or a composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties can be printed, for example, on the surface of a spectacle lens substrate using an inkjet printing process. The typical volume of ink droplets containing a composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties or a composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties can be a few picoliters, such as 3 to 50 picoliters, respectively.

[0115] One or both of the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties and the composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties can be used pure, as a solution, a dispersion, and so on. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0116] Further features, characteristics, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of embodiments in conjunction with the drawings.

[0117] Figure 1 An exemplary embodiment of a pair of spectacles with spectacle lenses is shown in a front view.

[0118] Figure 2a An exemplary spectacle lens that is not covered by the wording of the claims but is considered useful for understanding the present invention is shown in a side view.

[0119] to Figures 2b to 2e An exemplary embodiment of a spectacle lens is shown in a side view.

[0120] Figure 3 The UV-VIS absorption spectra of a transparent spectacle lens (Sample A) and a photochromic spectacle lens (Sample B) according to the prior art in the activated state and the inactivated state are shown.

[0121] Figure 4 The UV-VIS absorption spectra of a photochromic spectacle lens (Sample C) according to an embodiment of the present invention in the activated state and the inactivated state are shown.

[0122] Figure 5 The UV-VIS absorption spectra of a photochromic spectacle lens (Sample D) according to another embodiment of the present invention in the activated state and the inactivated state are shown.

[0123] Figure 6 The UV-VIS absorption spectra of a photochromic spectacle lens (Sample E) according to another embodiment of the present invention in the activated state and the inactivated state are shown.

[0124] Figure 7 The UV-VIS absorption spectra of a photochromic spectacle lens (Sample F) according to another embodiment of the present invention in the activated state and the inactivated state are shown.

[0125] Figure 8 depicts the relationship between the color change and the brightness change of spectacle lenses B to F.

[0126] Figure 9 is a flowchart showing an exemplary embodiment of a method for manufacturing spectacle lenses. Detailed Description

[0127] Reference will be made to Figures 1 to 9 to describe exemplary embodiments of the spectacle lenses of the present invention. Each of the exemplary embodiment spectacle lenses 1 includes a composition 2 exhibiting negative photochromic properties.

[0128] Figure 1 FIG. shows a pair of spectacles 100 having two single-vision spectacle lenses 1, one for the wearer's right eye and one for the left eye. The two spectacle lenses 1 are mounted in a spectacle frame 101 and separated by the bridge 102 of the spectacle frame 101. Depending on the needs of the wearer, the spectacle lenses 1 can be zero-power lenses, plus-power lenses or minus-power lenses.

[0129] Figures 2a to 2e FIG. shows different embodiments of the spectacle lens 1, which can be incorporated into the spectacles 100 as shown in Figure 1 FIG.

[0130] In a first embodiment (not covered by the claimed subject matter) according to Figure 2a , the spectacle lens 1 includes, for example, a spectacle lens substrate 6 made of, for example, a polymeric material. The spectacle lens substrate 6 includes a front surface 7a and a rear surface 7b, and the front surface and the rear surface are defined according to the position of the wearer's eye 10 when the spectacle lens 1 is worn in front of the wearer's eye. However, unless otherwise stated, the surface modification of the front surface 7a can be transferred to the rear surface 7b and vice versa.

[0131] On the front surface 7a of the spectacle lens substrate 6, the composition 2 exhibiting negative photochromic properties is arranged, for example, in the form of different droplets or in the form of a continuous layer. The negative photochromic properties are obtained by a negative photochromic substance 3, that is, the composition 2 exhibiting negative photochromic properties and the negative photochromic substance 3 are the same. The composition 2 exhibiting negative photochromic properties can cover the entire front surface 7a or only a part thereof.

[0132] In addition, one or more additional coatings (not shown), such as an anti-reflection coating and / or a hard coating, can be applied. Such additional coatings can be arranged between the surfaces 7a, 7b and the composition 2 exhibiting negative photochromic properties, or above the composition 2 exhibiting negative photochromic properties.

[0133] Figure 2b FIG. shows another embodiment of the spectacle lens 1. As forFigure 2a Contrary to the described embodiment, the composition 2 exhibiting negative photochromic properties does not contain the negative photochromic substance 3, but instead contains the photosensitive matrix 4 with the indicator dye substance 11.

[0134] Figure 2c Another embodiment of the spectacle lens 1 is shown. Contrary to the Figure 2a described embodiment, a composition 8 exhibiting positive photochromic properties is additionally arranged on the front surface 7a. The composition 8 exhibiting positive photochromic properties consists of the positive photochromic substance 5.

[0135] By alternately depositing (e.g., by inkjet printing) droplets of the composition 2 exhibiting negative photochromic properties and the composition 8 exhibiting positive photochromic properties in the same plane, the composition 2 exhibiting negative photochromic properties and the composition 8 exhibiting positive photochromic properties are arranged adjacent to each other laterally on the surface 7 of the spectacle lens substrate 6. Thus, the properties of both the composition 2 exhibiting negative photochromic properties and the composition 8 exhibiting positive photochromic properties can be used to modify the optical properties of the spectacle lens 1 without affecting each other.

[0136] Figure 2d Another embodiment of the spectacle lens 1 is shown. Here, compared to the Figure 2a described embodiment, a composition 8 exhibiting positive photochromic properties is additionally arranged on the front surface 7a. The composition 8 exhibiting positive photochromic properties consists of the positive photochromic substance 5.

[0137] The composition 2 exhibiting negative photochromic properties and the composition 8 exhibiting positive photochromic properties are arranged as stacked layers on the surface 7 of the spectacle lens substrate 6. In Figure 2d this case, the layer containing the composition 2 exhibiting negative photochromic properties is directly located on the front surface 7a, while the composition 8 exhibiting positive photochromic properties is arranged as a layer above the layer containing the composition 2 exhibiting negative photochromic properties. However, this order can be changed, i.e., the layer containing the composition 8 exhibiting positive photochromic properties can be directly located on the front surface 7a, while the composition 2 exhibiting negative photochromic properties can be arranged as a layer above the layer containing the composition 8 exhibiting positive photochromic properties. Depositing as layers allows for the use of conventional coating procedures and is thus easy to implement.

[0138] Figure 2e Another embodiment of the spectacle lens 1 is shown. Contrary to the Figure 2a described embodiment, the spectacle lens substrate 6 contains the dye substance 9 that gives the permanent tint of the spectacle lens 1. It should be noted that as Figure 2eThe spectacle lens substrate 6 containing the dye substance 9 shown can be combined in the same way as in the Figures 2b to 2c described embodiment.

[0139] The following describes Figures 3 to 8 the optical effects achievable with the spectacle lens 1 according to the invention, where Figure 3 shows the optical properties of a conventional spectacle lens 1 according to the prior art, and Figures 4 to 8 shows, for example Figures 2a to 2e the optical properties of the spectacle lens 1 according to the invention as shown. Figures 4 to 8 The UV-VIS spectrum in

[0140] Figure 3 shows the relationship between the transmittance in percentage and the wavelength in nm, i.e., the transmittance in the visible range that affects the perceived brightness and color of the objects observed by the wearer through the spectacle lens when irradiated with a D65 light source.

[0141] Furthermore, Figure 3 shows the UV-VIS absorption spectra of a spectacle lens according to the prior art, namely a gray Zeiss PhotoFusion spectacle lens (sample B) - i.e., a spectacle lens with a coating exhibiting a positive photochromic effect - in two different activation states (state 1 and state 2), i.e., when increasing the irradiation time in the UV-VIS range. The spectrum labeled "B. state 1" corresponds to the UV-VIS absorption spectrum in a slightly darkened state (i.e., after a short irradiation in the UV-VIS range). The spectrum labeled "B. state 2" corresponds to the UV-VIS absorption spectrum in a darker state (i.e., after a longer irradiation in the UV-VIS range). The "UV edge" at approximately 400 nm is caused by the UV absorption of the photochromic composition of the coating and the UV absorber contained in the spectacle lens substrate. It can be concluded from Figure 3 that UV exposure causes a simultaneous growth of the absorption peak, i.e., an increase in absorption almost throughout the visible spectrum, resulting in a correspondingly lower light transmittance.

[0142] Table 1 gives an overview of the corresponding L*a*b* values in the L*a*b* color space and the parameters “x”, “y” and the light transmittance (abbreviated as “LTM”) of sample B. The parameter “L*” corresponds to the perceived brightness, the parameter “a*” corresponds to the blue-yellow axis, and the parameter “b*” corresponds to the red-green axis. The parameters “x” and “y” are the chromaticity coordinates of the CIE 1931 color space.

[0143] x y L* a* b* LTM B. State 1 0.312 0.332 88.73 -1.11 -0.11 73.59 B. State 2 0.294 0.310 62.53 -0.06 -7.96 31.03

[0144] Table 1: Corresponding to Figure 3 the parameters of the spectrum shown in

[0145] When activating the Zeiss PhotoFusion spectacle lens (which has been partially activated), the light transmittance decreases from 73.59% to 31.03%. The maxima of the absorption bands in the VIS range (the coating contains a mixture of different photochromic substances) are at approximately 580 nm and 465 nm. When the photochromic substances are activated, the transmittance decreases throughout the VIS range. The value of the L* parameter decreases from 88.73 to 62.53 (perceived brightness). The value of the a* parameter changes from -1.11 to -0.06, which corresponds to a very slight shift of the color towards red. The value of the b* parameter changes from -0.11 to -7.96, which corresponds to a clearly perceptible shift of the color from yellow towards blue.

[0146] Figure 4 The simulated UV-VIS absorption spectrum of spectacle lens 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention is shown (i.e., spectacle lens 1 (sample C) having a coating containing composition 2 exhibiting negative photochromic properties). Here, composition 2 exhibiting negative photochromic properties is a 1,1'-binaphthyl-bridged phenoxy-imidazolyl radical complex having the following chemical formula (1):

[0147]

[0148] By using the Figure 2a left and center in YAMAGUCHI, T. et al. Fast Negative Photochromism of 1,1′-Binaphthyl-Bridged Phenoxyl–Imidazolyl Radical Complex, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2016 138(3), 906-913, the transmission spectrum of sample C is obtained. The disclosed spectrum is multiplied by the UV-VIS filter spectrum of a 2 mm uncoated transparent spectacle lens (sample A) to obtain the transmission spectrum of sample C.

[0149] The spectrum labeled "C. State 1" corresponds to the UV-VIS absorption spectrum in the inactivated state (i.e., without activation by irradiation in the UV-VIS range). Due to negative photochromism, this inactivated state corresponds to the "dark" or "pale yellow" state.

[0150] The spectrum labeled "C. State 2" corresponds to the UV-VIS absorption spectrum in the activated state (i.e., after irradiation in the UV-VIS range). Due to negative photochromism, this activated state corresponds to the "colorless" state. The "UV edge" at approximately 400 nm may be caused by the UV absorption of the coatings and UV absorbers contained in the lens.

[0151] Table 2 gives an overview of the corresponding L*a*b* values in the L*a*b* color space and the parameters "x", "y", and the light transmittance "LTM" of sample C.

[0152] x y L* a* b* LTM C. State 1 0.388 0.460 94.41 -18.32 61.61 86.25 C. State 2 0.316 0.333 95.93 -0.29 1.33 89.87

[0153] Table 2: Parameters corresponding to Figure 4 the spectra shown in

[0154] In the activated state of sample C, the light transmittance is 89.87%. In the inactivated state, the light transmittance only slightly decreases to 86.25%. The reason is the presence of a distinct absorption band with an absorption maximum at approximately 460 nm. This is exactly the part of the spectrum that is perceived as blue by humans. This is why the a* parameter value changes from -0.29 (almost colorless on the blue-yellow axis) in the activated state to -18.32 (very yellow) in the inactivated state.

[0155] Figure 5 Shows the simulated UV-VIS absorption spectrum of a spectacle lens 1 according to another embodiment of the present invention (i.e., a spectacle lens 1 (sample D) having a coating containing a composition 2 exhibiting negative photochromic properties). Here, the composition 2 exhibiting negative photochromic properties is a blue cyanine dye having the following chemical formula (2):

[0156]

[0157] From NEMOTO, K. et al. Negative photochromism of a blue cyanine dye, Chem. Commun., 2020, 56, 15205-15207 Figure 2b the transmission spectrum of sample D was obtained. The disclosed spectrum was scaled down at 300 nm and multiplied by the UV-VIS filter spectrum of a 2 mm uncoated transparent spectacle lens (sample A) to obtain the transmission spectrum of sample D.

[0158] The spectrum labeled "D. State 1" corresponds to the UV-VIS absorption spectrum in the inactivated state (i.e., without activation by irradiation in the UV-VIS range). Due to negative photochromism, this inactivated state corresponds to the "dark" or "pale yellow" state.

[0159] The spectrum labeled "D. State 2" corresponds to the UV-VIS absorption spectrum in the activated state (i.e., after irradiation in the UV-VIS range). Due to negative photochromism, this activated state corresponds to the "bright" or "colorless" state. The "UV edge" at approximately 400 nm may be caused by the UV absorption of the coatings and UV absorbers contained in the lens.

[0160] Table 3 gives an overview of the corresponding L*a*b* values in the L*a*b* color space and the parameters "x", "y", and the light transmittance "LTM" of sample D.

[0161] x y L* a* b* LTM D. State 1 0.167 0.238 43.93 -24.86 -33.57 13.76 D. State 2 0.277 0.275 60.84 6.79 -19.66 29.09

[0162] Table 3: Parameters corresponding to Figure 5 the spectra shown in

[0163] In the inactivated state (State 1), there is a broad absorption maximum from 580 nm to 660 nm. A clearer absorption band is located at 480 nm. In the activated state (State 2), one absorption band shifts from 480 nm to approximately 500 nm. At the same time, the second absorption band decreases in the range of 580 nm to 660 nm.

[0164] During the transition from the inactivated state to the activated state, the following occurs: the light transmittance increases from 13.76% to 29.09%, and the L* parameter value also increases from 43.93 to 60.84. The a* parameter value increases from -24.86 to 6.79, which corresponds to a color shift from green to red. The b* parameter value changes from -33.57 to -19.66, which corresponds to a color shift from blue to yellow.

[0165] Figure 6 The simulated UV-VIS absorption spectrum of the spectacle lens 1 (sample E) according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown. The spectacle lens 1 (sample E) comprises several coatings, which comprise a composition 2 (coating I) exhibiting negative photochromic properties and a composition 8 (coating II) exhibiting positive photochromic properties, which are arranged adjacent to each other laterally on the front surface 7a of the spectacle lens substrate 6.

[0166] The transmission spectrum is calculated by linear combination:

[0167] Transmission spectrum = (area fraction of Coating I * transmission spectrum of spectacle lens with Coating I) + (area fraction of Coating II * transmission spectrum of spectacle lens with Coating II)

[0168] To simulate the UV-VIS absorption spectrum of Sample E, each of Coating I and II was used with an area fraction of 50%. By using the spectra on the left and in the center in YAMAGUCHI, T. et al., Fast Negative Photochromism of 1,1′-Binaphthyl-Bridged Phenoxyl–Imidazolyl Radical Complex, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2016, 138(3), 906-913 Figure 2a the transmission spectrum of spectacle lens 1 with Coating I was obtained. The disclosed spectrum was multiplied by the UV-VIS filter spectrum of a 2-mm uncoated clear spectacle lens (Sample A) to obtain the transmission spectrum of spectacle lens 1 with Coating I.

[0169] The transmission spectrum of the spectacle lens with Coating II is the spectrum of Sample B (i.e., a gray Zeiss PhotoFusion spectacle lens).

[0170] The spectrum labeled "E. State 1" corresponds to the UV-VIS absorption spectrum in an almost inactivated state (i.e., without activation by irradiation in the UV-VIS range). The spectrum labeled "E. State 2" corresponds to the UV-VIS absorption spectrum in an activated state (i.e., after irradiation in the UV-VIS range).

[0171] Table 4 gives an overview of the corresponding L*a*b* values in the L*a*b* color space and the parameters "x", "y", and the light transmittance "LTM" of Sample E.

[0172] x y L* a* b* LTM E. State 1 0.347 0.390 91.65 -10.01 26.64 79.92 E. State 2 0.310 0.327 82.08 -0.20 -1.82 60.45

[0173] Table 4: Parameters corresponding to Figure 6 the spectra shown in

[0174] Upon activation, the light transmittance decreased from 79.92% to 60.45%. Additionally, the L* parameter value decreased from 91.65 to 82.08. The spectacle lens 1 showed extreme variations in the a* and b* parameter values: a* increased from -10.01 to -0.20 (shift towards red), and b* decreased from 26.64 to -1.82 (shift towards blue). This means that the light transmittance of sample E behaved like a normal photochromic lens upon activation. Thus, the light transmittance decreased upon activation. However, the color shift was much larger as the transmittance increased in one wavelength range (i.e., between 380 nm and 470 nm) and decreased in another wavelength range (i.e., between 470 nm and 780 nm).

[0175] Figure 7 The simulated UV-VIS absorption spectrum of the spectacle lens 1 (sample F) according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown. The spectacle lens 1 (sample F) comprises several coatings which comprise a composition 2 (coating I) exhibiting negative photochromic properties and a composition 8 (coating II) exhibiting positive photochromic properties, which are arranged adjacent to each other laterally on the front surface 7a of the spectacle lens substrate 6.

[0176] The transmission spectrum is calculated by linear combination:

[0177] Transmission spectrum = (area fraction of coating I * transmission spectrum of the spectacle lens with coating I) + (area fraction of coating II * transmission spectrum of the spectacle lens with coating II)

[0178] To simulate the UV-VIS absorption spectrum of sample E, each of coating I and II was used with an area fraction of 50%. The transmission spectrum of the spectacle lens 1 with coating I was obtained from NEMOTO, K. et al. Negative photochromism of a bluecyanine dye, Chem. Commun., 2020, 56, 15205-15207. Figure 2b The disclosed spectrum was scaled at 300 nm and multiplied by the UV-VIS filter spectrum of a 2 mm uncoated transparent spectacle lens (sample A) to obtain the transmission spectrum of the spectacle lens 1 with coating I.

[0179] The transmission spectrum of the spectacle lens with coating II is the spectrum of sample B (i.e., a gray Zeiss PhotoFusion spectacle lens).

[0180] The spectrum labeled "F. State 1" corresponds to the UV-VIS absorption spectrum in an almost inactivated state (i.e., without activation by irradiation in the UV-VIS range). The spectrum labeled "F. State 2" corresponds to the UV-VIS absorption spectrum in an activated state (i.e., after irradiation in the UV-VIS range).

[0181] Table 5 gives an overview of the corresponding L*a*b* values in the L*a*b* color space and the parameters "x", "y" and the light transmittance "LTM" of sample F.

[0182] x y L* a* b* LTM F. State 1 0.282 0.312 72.02 -6.10 -9.98 43.67 F. State 2 0.286 0.292 61.69 3.33 -13.92 30.06

[0183] Table 5: Corresponding to Figure 7 the parameters of the spectra shown in

[0184] Upon activation, the light transmittance decreases. The value of the L* parameter also decreases. The value of the a* parameter increases (shifts towards red), and the value of the b* parameter decreases (shifts towards blue). Contrary to sample E, there is no band here that behaves in the opposite way in the two states (i.e., one increases and the other shrinks).

[0185] Samples D to F show that the proposed spectacle lens 1 provides various modifications to the visual impression of the objects observed by the wearer through the spectacle lens 1. For example, by applying the composition 2 exhibiting negative photochromic properties, the color shift and brightness can be customized according to the specific needs of the wearer or the specific application of the spectacle lens 1. As in samples E and F, additionally applying the composition 8 exhibiting positive photochromic properties allows further modification. By changing the ratio of such compositions and / or applying several compositions 2, 8 exhibiting negative or positive photochromic properties, additional visual effects can be obtained.

[0186] Figure 8 Depicts the relationship between the color change and the brightness change of the spectacle lenses of samples B to F. The x-axis represents the value of deCMC2:1, which is the color distance between two different spectra based on the formula for determining the quantitative color difference between two spectra received by the human eye (for more details, see http: / / www.brucelindbloom.com / index.html?Eqn_DeltaE_CMC.html, downloaded on September 9, 2021). The y-axis represents the value of dL, which is the difference in brightness (L* parameter value) between the activated state and the deactivated state of the corresponding sample.

[0187] The luminance of sample B representative of the prior art varies greatly, while the color shift is relatively small. On the other hand, sample C hardly changes its luminance, but the color shift (from colorless to yellow) is huge. Sample D shows brightening with a medium color shift. Sample E shows a large color shift and a small luminance change.

[0188] Figure 9 shows a flowchart of an exemplary embodiment of a method 200 for manufacturing an ophthalmic lens 1 (e.g., one of the ophthalmic lenses 1 as Figures 2a to 2e described).

[0189] In a first method step S1, an ophthalmic lens substrate 6 is provided. The ophthalmic lens substrate 6 comprises a polymeric lens material, for example, the lens material is poly(allyl diglycol carbonate) or poly(thiourethane) having a refractive index of 1.50, 1.60, or 1.67. The method 200 does not require any specific coating or material to be present on the surfaces 7a, 7b of the ophthalmic lens substrate 6. However, the surfaces 7a, 7b can be cleaned by common cleaning methods before the next method step.

[0190] If desired, the ophthalmic lens substrate 6 can comprise a dye substance 9, which can be incorporated into the polymeric lens material by a conventional coloring process (e.g., by immersing the ophthalmic lens substrate 6 in a coloring bath).

[0191] In method steps S2 and S3, a composition 2 exhibiting negative photochromic properties and a composition 8 exhibiting positive photochromic properties are respectively disposed on the surface 7 of the ophthalmic lens substrate 6, e.g., on the front surface 7a. The composition 2 exhibiting negative photochromic properties comprises a negative photochromic substance 3, and the composition 8 exhibiting positive photochromic properties comprises a positive photochromic substance 5. The two substances 3, 6 are printed on the front surface 7a by inkjet printing, i.e., droplets of the two substances 3, 6 or droplets of a solution or dispersion of the two substances 3, 6 are deposited adjacent to each other laterally on the front surface 7a. Thus, a layer containing the two substances 3, 6 is formed.

[0192] If desired, additional layers, such as an anti-reflection coating and / or a hard coating, can be disposed on top of the layer containing the negative photochromic substance 3 and the positive photochromic substance 5.

[0193] As an alternative to inkjet printing, the composition 2 exhibiting negative photochromic properties and the composition 8 exhibiting positive photochromic properties can be disposed on the front surface 7a as separate stacked layers, as Figure 2d shown.

[0194] Preferred features of the present invention are:

[0195] 1. A spectacle lens, wherein the spectacle lens comprises a composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties and a composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties.

[0196] 2. The spectacle lens according to clause 1, wherein the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties comprises at least one negative photochromic substance.

[0197] 3. The spectacle lens according to clause 1 or 2, wherein the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties comprises a photosensitive matrix having at least one indicator dye substance.

[0198] 4. The spectacle lens according to any one of clauses 1 to 3, wherein the spectacle lens comprises a spectacle lens substrate.

[0199] 5. The spectacle lens according to clause 4, wherein the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties is disposed on the surface of the spectacle lens substrate.

[0200] 6. The spectacle lens according to clause 5, wherein the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties is disposed to be in direct contact with the surface of the spectacle lens substrate.

[0201] 7. The spectacle lens according to clause 5 or 6, wherein the surface is at least the front surface of the spectacle lens substrate.

[0202] 8. The spectacle lens according to any one of clauses 4 to 7, wherein the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties is incorporated into the spectacle lens substrate.

[0203] 9. The spectacle lens according to any one of clauses 1 to 8, wherein the composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties comprises at least one positive photochromic substance.

[0204] 10. The spectacle lens according to any one of clauses 4 to 9, wherein the composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties is disposed on the surface of the spectacle lens substrate.

[0205] 11. The spectacle lens according to clause 10, wherein the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties and the composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties are disposed on the surface of the spectacle lens substrate.

[0206] 12. The spectacle lens according to clause 11, wherein the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties and the composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties are disposed adjacent to each other laterally on the surface of the spectacle lens substrate.

[0207] 13. The spectacle lens as described in clause 11 or 12, wherein the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties and the composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties are arranged to be in direct contact with the surface of the spectacle lens substrate.

[0208] 14. The spectacle lens as described in any one of clauses 10 to 13, wherein the surface is at least the front surface of the spectacle lens substrate.

[0209] 15. The spectacle lens as described in any one of clauses 1 to 11 and 14, wherein the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties and the composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties are arranged in a stacked layer-by-layer structure.

[0210] 16. The spectacle lens as described in any one of clauses 1 to 15, wherein the composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties is incorporated into the spectacle lens substrate.

[0211] 17. The spectacle lens as described in any one of clauses 1 to 16, wherein the spectacle lens contains a dye substance.

[0212] 18. The spectacle lens as described in clause 17, wherein the dye substance is a non-protonatable dye substance.

[0213] 19. The spectacle lens according to any one of clauses 1 to 18, wherein the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties is at least one selected from the group consisting of azobenzene, spiro pyran derivatives, dihydropyrene, Stenhouse salts, imidazolyl radical complexes, and cyanine dyes, especially at least one selected from the following: dihydropyrene, 1,1'-binaphthyl-bridged phenoxy-imidazolyl radical complex, and blue cyanine dye.

[0214] 20. Use of the spectacle lens as described in any one of clauses 1 to 19 for dynamic contrast adaptation.

[0215] 21. A method for manufacturing a spectacle lens, wherein the method comprises the following method steps:

[0216] - Providing a spectacle lens substrate;

[0217] - Arranging a composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties on the surface of the spectacle lens substrate and / or incorporating a composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties into the spectacle lens substrate; and

[0218] - Arranging a composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties on the surface of the spectacle lens substrate and / or incorporating a composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties into the spectacle lens substrate.

[0219] 22. The method as described in clause 21, wherein the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties is disposed on the surface of the ophthalmic lens substrate.

[0220] 23. The method as described in clause 22, wherein the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties is disposed in direct contact with the surface of the ophthalmic lens substrate.

[0221] 24. The method as described in any one of clauses 22 or 23, wherein the surface is the front surface of the ophthalmic lens substrate.

[0222] 25. The method as described in any one of clauses 21 to 24, wherein the composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties is disposed on the surface of the ophthalmic lens substrate.

[0223] 26. The method as described in clause 25, wherein the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties and the composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties are disposed on the surface of the ophthalmic lens substrate.

[0224] 27. The method as described in clause 26, wherein the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties and the composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties are disposed adjacent to each other laterally on the surface of the ophthalmic lens substrate.

[0225] 28. The method as described in clause 26 or 27, wherein the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties and the composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties are disposed in direct contact with the surface of the ophthalmic lens substrate.

[0226] 29. The method as described in any one of clauses 21 to 28, wherein the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties and / or the composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties is printed on the surface of the ophthalmic lens substrate.

[0227] 30. The method as described in clause 29, wherein the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties and / or the composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties is printed by an inkjet printing process.

[0228] 31. The method as described in any one of clauses 21 to 30, wherein the method comprises the following method steps:

[0229] - Incorporating the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties and / or the composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties into the ophthalmic lens substrate.

[0230] 32. The method as described in clause 31, wherein a diffusion process is used for the incorporation step.

[0231] 33. The method according to clause 32, wherein the ophthalmic lens substrate is immersed in a bath containing the composition comprising the negatively photochromic substance and / or the composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties, so as to allow the composition comprising the negatively photochromic substance and / or the composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties to diffuse.

[0232] 34. The method according to any one of clauses 21 to 33, wherein the method comprises the following method steps:

[0233] - Incorporating a dye substance into the ophthalmic lens substrate.

[0234] 35. The method according to any one of clauses 21 to 34, wherein the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties comprises a photosensitive matrix having at least one indicator dye substance.

[0235] 36. An ophthalmic lens, wherein the ophthalmic lens comprises a composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties, and wherein the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties comprises a photosensitive matrix having at least one indicator dye substance.

[0236] 37. The ophthalmic lens according to clause 36, wherein the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties comprises at least one negatively photochromic substance.

[0237] 38. The ophthalmic lens according to clause 36 or clause 37, wherein the ophthalmic lens comprises an ophthalmic lens substrate.

[0238] 39. The ophthalmic lens according to clause 38, wherein the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties is disposed on the surface of the ophthalmic lens substrate.

[0239] 40. The ophthalmic lens according to clause 39, wherein the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties is disposed to be in direct contact with the surface of the ophthalmic lens substrate.

[0240] 41. The ophthalmic lens according to clause 39 or 40, wherein the surface is at least the front surface of the ophthalmic lens substrate.

[0241] 42. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of clauses 38 to 41, wherein the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties is incorporated into the ophthalmic lens substrate.

[0242] 43. The ophthalmic lens according to any one of clauses 36 to 42, wherein the ophthalmic lens comprises a composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties.

[0243] 44. The ophthalmic lens according to clause 43, wherein the composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties comprises at least one positively photochromic substance.

[0244] 45. A spectacle lens as described in clause 43 or 44, wherein the composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties is disposed on the surface of the spectacle lens substrate.

[0245] 46. A spectacle lens as described in clause 45, wherein the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties and the composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties are disposed on the surface of the spectacle lens substrate.

[0246] 47. A spectacle lens as described in clause 46, wherein the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties and the composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties are disposed adjacent to each other laterally on the surface of the spectacle lens substrate.

[0247] 48. A spectacle lens as described in clause 46 or 47, wherein the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties and the composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties are disposed in direct contact with the surface of the spectacle lens substrate.

[0248] 49. A spectacle lens as described in any one of clauses 45 to 48, wherein the surface is at least the front surface of the spectacle lens substrate.

[0249] 50. A spectacle lens as described in any one of clauses 43, 44, 45, 46 and 49, wherein the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties and the composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties are disposed in a stacked layer-by-layer structure.

[0250] 51. A spectacle lens as described in any one of clauses 43 to 50, wherein the composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties is incorporated into the spectacle lens substrate.

[0251] 52. A spectacle lens as described in any one of clauses 36 to 51, wherein the spectacle lens contains a dye substance.

[0252] 53. A spectacle lens as described in clause 52, wherein the dye substance is a non-protonatable dye substance.

[0253] 54. A spectacle lens according to any one of clauses 36 to 53, wherein the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties is at least one selected from the group consisting of: azobenzene, spiropyran derivatives, dihydropyrene, Stenhouse salts, imidazolyl radical complexes and cyanine dyes, particularly at least one selected from the following: dihydropyrene, 1,1'-binaphthyl-bridged phenoxy-imidazolyl radical complexes and blue cyanine dyes.

[0254] 55. Use of a spectacle lens as described in any one of clauses 36 to 54 for dynamic contrast adaptation.

[0255] 56. A method for manufacturing an ophthalmic lens, wherein the method comprises the following method steps:

[0256] - Providing an ophthalmic lens substrate; and

[0257] - Disposing a composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties on the surface of the ophthalmic lens substrate and / or incorporating a composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties into the ophthalmic lens substrate,

[0258] wherein the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties comprises a photosensitive matrix having at least one indicator dye substance.

[0259] 57. The method according to clause 56, wherein the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties is disposed on the surface of the ophthalmic lens substrate.

[0260] 58. The method according to clause 57, wherein the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties is disposed in direct contact with the surface of the ophthalmic lens substrate.

[0261] 59. The method according to any one of clauses 57 or 58, wherein the surface is the front surface of the ophthalmic lens substrate.

[0262] 60. The method according to any one of clauses 56 to 59, wherein the method comprises:

[0263] - Disposing a composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties on the surface of the ophthalmic lens substrate and / or incorporating a composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties into the ophthalmic lens substrate.

[0264] 61. The method according to clause 60, wherein the composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties is disposed on the surface of the ophthalmic lens substrate.

[0265] 62. The method according to clause 61, wherein the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties and the composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties are disposed on the surface of the ophthalmic lens substrate.

[0266] 63. The method according to clause 62, wherein the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties and the composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties are disposed adjacent to each other laterally on the surface of the ophthalmic lens substrate.

[0267] 64. The method according to any one of clauses 62 or 63, wherein the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties and the composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties are disposed in direct contact with the surface of the ophthalmic lens substrate.

[0268] 65. The method according to any one of clauses 56 to 64, wherein the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties and / or the composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties is printed on the surface of the spectacle lens substrate.

[0269] 66. The method according to clause 65, wherein the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties and / or the composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties is printed by an inkjet printing process.

[0270] 67. The method according to any one of clauses 56 to 66, wherein the method comprises the following method steps:

[0271] - Incorporating the composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties and / or the composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties into the spectacle lens substrate.

[0272] 68. The method according to clause 67, wherein a diffusion process is used for the incorporation step.

[0273] 69. The method according to clause 68, wherein the spectacle lens substrate is immersed in a bath containing the composition of the negative photochromic substance and / or the composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties, thereby allowing the composition of the negative photochromic substance and / or the composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties to diffuse.

[0274] 70. The method according to any one of clauses 56 to 69, wherein the method comprises the following method steps:

[0275] - Incorporating a dye substance into the spectacle lens substrate.

[0276] List of Reference Signs

[0277] 1 Spectacle lens

[0278] 2 Composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties

[0279] 3 Negative photochromic substance

[0280] 4 Photosensitive matrix

[0281] 5 Positive photochromic substance

[0282] 6 Spectacle lens substrate

[0283] 7 Surface

[0284] 7a Front surface

[0285] 7b Rear surface

[0286] 8 Composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties

[0287] 9 Dye substance

[0288] 10 Wearer's eye

[0289] 11 Indicator dye substance

[0290] 100 Spectacles

[0291] 101 Frame

[0292] 102 Nose bridge

[0293] 200 Method

[0294] S1 Provide a spectacle lens substrate

[0295] S2 Arrange a composition exhibiting negative photochromic properties on the surface of the spectacle lens substrate

[0296] S3 Arrange a composition exhibiting positive photochromic properties on the surface of the spectacle lens substrate

Claims

1. A spectacle lens (1) for dynamic contrast adaptation, characterized in that, the spectacle lens (1) comprises a composition (2) exhibiting negative photochromic properties and a composition (8) exhibiting positive photochromic properties, wherein the composition (2) exhibiting negative photochromic properties comprises a photosensitive matrix (4) having at least one indicator dye substance (11), and the filter spectrum of the indicator dye substance is sensitive to matrix changes caused by irradiation in the UV and / or VIS range.

2. The spectacle lens (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, the composition (8) exhibiting positive photochromic properties comprises at least one positive photochromic substance (5).

3. The spectacle lens (1) according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that, the composition (2) exhibiting negative photochromic properties and the composition (8) exhibiting positive photochromic properties are arranged adjacent to each other laterally on the surface (7) of the spectacle lens substrate (6).

4. The spectacle lens (1) according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that, the composition (2) exhibiting negative photochromic properties comprises at least one negative photochromic substance (3).

5. The spectacle lens (1) according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that, the spectacle lens (1) comprises a spectacle lens substrate (6), and the composition (2) exhibiting negative photochromic properties is arranged on the surface (7) of the spectacle lens substrate (6).

6. The spectacle lens (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that, the composition (2) exhibiting negative photochromic properties is arranged on the front surface (7a) of the spectacle lens substrate (6).

7. The spectacle lens (1) according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that, the spectacle lens (1) comprises a spectacle lens substrate (6), and the composition (2) exhibiting negative photochromic properties is incorporated into the spectacle lens substrate (6).

8. The spectacle lens (1) according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that, the spectacle lens (1) comprises a dye substance (9).

9. The spectacle lens (1) according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that, the composition (2) exhibiting negative photochromic properties is at least one selected from the group consisting of azobenzene, spiropyran derivatives, dihydropyrene, Stenhouse salts, imidazolyl radical complexes, and cyanine dyes.

10. A spectacle lens (1) comprising a composition (2) exhibiting negative photochromic properties, characterized in that, The composition (2) exhibiting negative photochromic properties comprises a photosensitive matrix (4) incorporating therein at least one indicator dye substance (11), wherein the indicator dye substance exhibits a protonated state and a deprotonated state, which states exhibit different absorption spectra in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum, wherein the photosensitive matrix responds to irradiation with radiation in the UV and / or VIS range to release protons, and wherein the released protons affect the equilibrium between the protonated state and the deprotonated state of the indicator dye substance, thereby resulting in the exhibition of negative photochromism.

11. The spectacle lens (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that the composition (2) exhibiting negative photochromic properties comprises at least one negative photochromic substance (3).

12. The spectacle lens (1) according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the spectacle lens (1) comprises a spectacle lens substrate (6), and the composition (2) exhibiting negative photochromic properties is arranged on the surface (7) of the spectacle lens substrate (6).

13. The spectacle lens (1) according to claim 12, characterized in that the composition (2) exhibiting negative photochromic properties is arranged on the front surface (7a) of the spectacle lens substrate (6).

14. The spectacle lens (1) according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the spectacle lens (1) comprises a spectacle lens substrate (6), and the composition (2) exhibiting negative photochromic properties is incorporated into the spectacle lens substrate (6).

15. The spectacle lens (1) according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the spectacle lens (1) comprises a dye substance (9).

16. The spectacle lens (1) according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the composition (2) exhibiting negative photochromic properties is at least one selected from the group consisting of azobenzene, spiro pyran derivatives, dihydropyrene, Stenhouse salts, imidazolyl radical complexes, and cyanine dyes.

17. A method (200) for manufacturing a spectacle lens (1) for dynamic contrast adaptation, characterized in that the method (200) comprises the following method steps: - S1: providing a spectacle lens substrate (6); - S2: arranging the composition (2) exhibiting negative photochromic properties on the surface (7) of the spectacle lens substrate (6) and / or incorporating the composition (2) exhibiting negative photochromic properties into the spectacle lens substrate (6); and - S3: arranging the composition (8) exhibiting positive photochromic properties on the surface (7) of the spectacle lens substrate (6) and / or incorporating the composition (8) exhibiting positive photochromic properties into the spectacle lens substrate (6), wherein the composition (2) exhibiting negative photochromic properties comprises a photosensitive matrix (4) having at least one indicator dye substance (11), and the filter spectrum of the indicator dye substance is sensitive to matrix changes caused by irradiation in the UV and / or VIS range.

18. The method (200) according to claim 17, characterized in that, the composition (2) exhibiting negative photochromic properties and the composition (8) exhibiting positive photochromic properties are arranged adjacent to each other laterally on the surface (7) of the spectacle lens substrate (6).

19. The method (200) according to claim 17 or claim 18, wherein, the composition (2) exhibiting negative photochromic properties and / or the composition (8) exhibiting positive photochromic properties are printed on the surface (7) of the spectacle lens substrate (6).

20. A method (200) for manufacturing a spectacle lens (1), characterized in that, the method (200) comprises the following method steps: - S1: providing a spectacle lens substrate (6); and - S2: disposing a composition (2) exhibiting negative photochromic properties on the surface (7) of the spectacle lens substrate (6) and / or incorporating a composition (2) exhibiting negative photochromic properties into the spectacle lens substrate (6), wherein the composition (2) exhibiting negative photochromic properties comprises a photosensitive matrix (4) having incorporated therein at least one indicator dye substance (11), wherein the indicator dye substance exhibits a protonated state and a deprotonated state, these states exhibiting different absorption spectra in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum, wherein the photosensitive matrix responds to irradiation with radiation in the UV and / or VIS range to release protons, and wherein the released protons affect the equilibrium between the protonated state and the deprotonated state of the indicator dye substance, thereby resulting in negative photochromism.

21. The method (200) according to claim 20, characterized in that, the composition (2) exhibiting negative photochromic properties is printed on the surface (7) of the spectacle lens substrate (6).

Images