A rapid release liquid hydrogen storage and supply system and method thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses a liquid hydrogen storage and supply system with rapid discharge and a method thereof, belonging to the field of hydrogen-air fuel cells. The system includes a liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing pipeline, a liquid hydrogen inner tank, a cold end heat exchanger, a hot end heat exchanger, a liquid storage tank, a circulating medium pipeline, a high-temperature medium pipeline and an evacuation pipeline. By controlling the opening and closing of the valves in the system, three modes of normal operation mode, rapid discharge mode and reduction mode can be realized. When the liquid hydrogen storage and supply system needs to discharge liquid hydrogen quickly, the circulating medium can be controlled to circulate in the circulating medium pipeline to provide heat for the vaporization of liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen inner tank, accelerate the vaporization of liquid hydrogen, increase the speed of discharge, and ensure the safety of the equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of hydrogen-air fuel cells, and in particular relates to a rapid-release liquid hydrogen storage and supply system and a method thereof. Background Art

[0002] It is calculated that by 2050, aviation industry carbon emissions will account for 25% of the world's total carbon emissions, and the situation of emission reduction and carbon reduction is severe. In this context, hydrogen energy, as a clean and efficient green energy, has received widespread attention. Hydrogen energy can help deep decarbonization on the energy supply side and consumption side.

[0003] Hydrogen-powered aircraft use hydrogen fuel as a power source and are considered one of the key technologies for achieving decarbonization in the aviation sector. Hydrogen-powered aircraft have significant characteristics such as high efficiency, low noise and zero emissions, and their market application and industrialization prospects are very broad. In particular, with the gradual opening of low-altitude airspace in China, the market space for hydrogen-powered aircraft will further expand. Therefore, new aviation power systems using liquid hydrogen as energy have received more and more attention.

[0004] However, hydrogen-powered aircraft usually carry a large amount of liquid hydrogen fuel when taking off, which may become a source of safety risks in the event of an emergency return or forced landing. In order to ensure that the aircraft does not exceed the maximum allowable landing weight when landing, avoid damage to the fuselage and landing gear, and thus reduce the risk of accidents, it is necessary to quickly discharge a large amount of liquid hydrogen. At present, hydrogen-powered aircraft technology is still in its infancy, and the rapid discharge technology of liquid hydrogen fuel is not yet mature. It is urgent to develop relevant technologies to fill this gap. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problems in the prior art and provide a rapid-release liquid hydrogen storage and supply system and method thereof.

[0006] The specific technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a rapid-release liquid hydrogen storage and supply system, comprising a liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing pipeline, a liquid hydrogen outer tank, a pressurizing vaporizer, a liquid hydrogen pipeline, a temperature-controlled vaporizer, and a fuel cell, wherein a liquid hydrogen inner tank, a cold-end heat exchanger, a hot-end heat exchanger, a liquid storage tank, a circulating medium pipeline, a high-temperature medium pipeline, and an evacuation pipeline are arranged in the liquid hydrogen outer tank; an insulating container is arranged outside the hot-end heat exchanger;

[0008] The liquid hydrogen inner tank is filled with liquid hydrogen; the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing pipeline is connected in sequence to the liquid phase space at the bottom of the liquid hydrogen inner tank, the liquid hydrogen boosting valve, the boosting vaporizer, the hydrogen boosting valve and the liquid storage tank, and then returns to the gas phase space at the top of the liquid hydrogen inner tank to realize internal hydrogen fuel transportation; a branch is provided on the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing pipeline connecting the hydrogen boosting valve and the gas phase space at the top of the liquid hydrogen inner tank, and a safety drain valve is provided on the branch to discharge the evaporated hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen inner tank;

[0009] The liquid hydrogen pipeline is connected in sequence to the liquid phase space at the bottom of the liquid hydrogen inner tank, the liquid hydrogen stop valve, the temperature-controlled vaporizer, the hydrogen pressure reducing valve and the fuel cell, and the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen inner tank is vaporized to obtain hydrogen for fuel cell power generation; a branch is provided on the liquid hydrogen pipeline connecting the temperature-controlled vaporizer and the hydrogen pressure reducing valve, and an emergency drain valve is provided on the branch to drain the rapidly released hydrogen;

[0010] The circulating medium pipeline is sequentially connected to the cold end heat exchanger, the hot end heat exchanger in the insulation container, and the circulating pump, and then returns to the cold end heat exchanger to form a heat transfer channel; the liquid storage tank is filled with circulating medium; the circulating medium pipeline is provided with a branch connecting the liquid storage tank between the circulating pump and the cold end heat exchanger, and the branch is provided with a liquid supply valve for controlling the supply of circulating medium; the cold end heat exchanger is arranged on the side wall of the liquid hydrogen inner tank and the two are in close contact, so that the heat of the high-temperature medium in the cold end heat exchanger can be transferred to the inside of the liquid hydrogen inner tank;

[0011] The high-temperature medium pipeline is connected to the outside of the liquid hydrogen outer tank after passing through the high-temperature medium inlet valve, the insulation container, and the high-temperature medium outlet valve from the outside of the liquid hydrogen outer tank in sequence, providing a heat source for the inside of the liquid hydrogen outer tank;

[0012] The front end of the evacuation pipeline is divided into two branches, the first branch is connected to the high-temperature medium pipeline through a pipeline provided with a high-temperature medium evacuation valve, and the second branch is connected to the circulating medium pipeline through a pipeline provided with a circulating medium evacuation valve; after the first branch and the second branch are merged, they are discharged through a pipeline provided with an ejector to realize the evacuation of different pipelines.

[0013] Preferably, a first stop valve is provided on the circulating medium pipeline between the cold end heat exchanger and the hot end heat exchanger; and a second stop valve is provided on the circulating medium pipeline between the circulating pump and the cold end heat exchanger.

[0014] Preferably, the high temperature medium inlet valve and the high temperature medium outlet valve are arranged inside the liquid hydrogen outer tank.

[0015] Preferably, the high-temperature medium evacuation valve and the circulating medium evacuation valve are arranged inside the liquid hydrogen outer tank; and the ejector is arranged outside the liquid hydrogen outer tank.

[0016] Preferably, the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing pipeline, the liquid hydrogen pipeline and the outside of the pressurizing vaporizer are all provided with insulation materials to prevent heat leakage.

[0017] Preferably, a vacuum environment is formed between the liquid hydrogen inner tank and the liquid hydrogen outer tank, and multiple layers of radiation protection screens are arranged to enhance the thermal insulation effect.

[0018] Preferably, the high-temperature medium introduced into the high-temperature medium pipeline is high-temperature air or fuel cell coolant.

[0019] Preferably, the circulating medium is liquid nitrogen; the liquid nitrogen in the liquid storage tank is cooled by a liquid hydrogen self-pressurization pipeline to prevent it from vaporizing.

[0020] Preferably, the cold end heat exchanger adopts a coil structure to increase the heat exchange area between it and the liquid hydrogen inner tank.

[0021] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for utilizing the liquid hydrogen storage and supply system of the first aspect, which is divided into a conventional operation mode, a rapid discharge mode, and a reduction mode, wherein the circulating medium pipeline, the high-temperature medium pipeline, and the interior of the insulation container are all in a vacuum state;

[0022] The conventional operation mode is specifically as follows: start the booster vaporizer, open the liquid hydrogen booster valve, hydrogen booster valve, liquid hydrogen shut-off valve and hydrogen pressure reducing valve, and close the safety drain valve; the liquid hydrogen in the liquid phase space at the bottom of the liquid hydrogen inner tank enters the liquid hydrogen self-boosting pipeline, and enters the booster vaporizer after being pressurized by the liquid hydrogen booster valve, and completes vaporization after absorbing heat in the booster vaporizer to obtain hydrogen; the hydrogen is pressurized by the hydrogen booster valve, and then enters the gas phase space at the top of the liquid hydrogen inner tank for pressurization; driven by pressure, the liquid hydrogen inside the liquid hydrogen inner tank enters the liquid hydrogen pipeline, and enters the temperature-controlled vaporizer after being pressurized by the liquid hydrogen shut-off valve, and is converted from liquid hydrogen to hydrogen inside the temperature-controlled vaporizer; the hydrogen reaches the target temperature in the temperature-controlled vaporizer, and then is reduced to the target pressure through the hydrogen pressure reducing valve, and finally enters the fuel cell to generate electricity;

[0023] The quick discharge mode is specifically as follows: open the safety drain valve, emergency drain valve, high-temperature medium inlet valve and high-temperature medium outlet valve; open the first stop valve, the second stop valve and the liquid supply valve, and the circulating medium inside the liquid storage tank enters the circulating medium pipeline under the action of the pressure difference; then start the circulation pump, the circulating medium enters the cold end heat exchanger through the second stop valve to release heat, heat the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen inner tank, and then enters the hot end heat exchanger through the first stop valve to absorb heat, reciprocating, and transfers the external heat to the liquid hydrogen inner tank; under the action of the cold end heat exchanger, the liquid hydrogen inside the liquid hydrogen inner tank is vaporized into hydrogen; the hydrogen in the gas phase space at the top of the liquid hydrogen inner tank merges with the hydrogen from the booster vaporizer and is discharged through the safety drain valve; at the same time, due to the rapid increase in the internal pressure of the liquid hydrogen inner tank, the liquid hydrogen in the liquid phase space at the bottom of the liquid hydrogen inner tank enters the liquid hydrogen pipeline, and is divided into two parts after being vaporized by the temperature control vaporizer, most of which is discharged through the emergency drain valve, and a small part enters the fuel cell through the hydrogen pressure reducing valve to continue to generate electricity;

[0024] The reduction mode is specifically as follows: after the rapid release mode ends, the liquid hydrogen inside the liquid hydrogen inner tank is completely emptied; the liquid hydrogen boost valve, hydrogen boost valve, liquid hydrogen shut-off valve, hydrogen pressure reducing valve and safety drain valve are opened to avoid hydrogen fuel residue; the high-temperature medium inlet valve and the high-temperature medium outlet valve are closed to stop the circulation of the external high-temperature medium; the circulation pump and the liquid supply valve are closed to stop the circulation of the circulating medium; the ejector is started and the circulating medium evacuation valve is opened to evacuate the circulating medium pipeline. When the target vacuum degree is reached, the circulating medium evacuation valve, the first shut-off valve and the second shut-off valve are closed to complete the evacuation of the circulating medium pipeline; then the high-temperature medium evacuation valve is opened to evacuate the high-temperature medium pipeline and the insulation container. When the target vacuum degree is reached, the high-temperature medium evacuation valve and the ejector are closed, the evacuation is completed, and the insulation capacity between the liquid hydrogen inner tank and the liquid hydrogen outer tank is restored.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] (1) The liquid hydrogen storage and supply system provided by the present invention successfully breaks through the high insulation barrier of the liquid hydrogen storage tank through the cold end heat exchanger and the hot end heat exchanger connected by the circulating medium. This allows external heat to be quickly transferred to the liquid hydrogen, and the liquid hydrogen that absorbs the external heat will quickly vaporize, thereby achieving efficient heat discharge; at the same time, the liquid hydrogen can be quickly discharged through the gas phase pipeline at the top of the liquid hydrogen inner tank and the liquid phase pipeline at the bottom, ensuring that the system can be quickly discharged when needed.

[0027] (2) The liquid hydrogen storage and supply system provided by the present invention is provided with a liquid storage tank and an ejector. When the ejector is turned off, the normal operation of the liquid hydrogen storage and supply system is not affected, and the ejector is quickly started only when the liquid hydrogen needs to be discharged; in addition, the liquid storage tank is cooled by low-temperature hydrogen, which can effectively prevent the circulating medium inside it from vaporizing, which helps to maintain the stability and safety of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a rapid-release liquid hydrogen storage and supply system provided by the present invention;

[0029] In the figure: liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing pipeline 1, liquid hydrogen inner tank 2, liquid hydrogen outer tank 3, liquid hydrogen boosting valve 4, boosting vaporizer 5, hydrogen boosting valve 6, safety drain valve 7, liquid hydrogen pipeline 8, liquid hydrogen stop valve 9, temperature control vaporizer 10, hydrogen pressure reducing valve 11, fuel cell 12, circulating medium pipeline 13, cold end heat exchanger 14, first stop valve 15, insulation container 16, hot end heat exchanger 17, circulating pump 18, second stop valve 19, liquid storage tank 20, liquid supply valve 21, high temperature medium pipeline 22, high temperature medium inlet valve 23, high temperature medium outlet valve 24, evacuation pipeline 25, high temperature medium evacuation valve 26, circulating medium evacuation valve 27, ejector 28, emergency drain valve 29. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to make the above-mentioned purpose, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation mode of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below. The technical features in each embodiment of the present invention can be combined accordingly without conflicting with each other.

[0031] In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that when an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected, that is, there are intermediate elements. On the contrary, when an element is said to be "directly" connected to another element, there are no intermediate elements.

[0032] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are only used for the purpose of distinguishing descriptions, and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features.

[0033] like Figure 1As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a liquid hydrogen storage and supply system with rapid discharge is provided. The system mainly includes a liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing pipeline 1, a liquid hydrogen outer tank 3, a pressurizing vaporizer 5, a liquid hydrogen pipeline 8, a temperature-controlled vaporizer 10 and a fuel cell 12. The liquid hydrogen outer tank 3 is provided with a liquid hydrogen inner tank 2, a cold end heat exchanger 14, a hot end heat exchanger 17, a liquid storage tank 20, a circulating medium pipeline 13, a high-temperature medium pipeline 22 and an evacuation pipeline 25. The liquid hydrogen inner tank 2 is filled with liquid hydrogen. The liquid storage tank 20 is filled with circulating medium. The connection and matching relationship between the components is described in detail below.

[0034] In the system of the present invention, the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing pipeline 1 sequentially connects the liquid phase space at the bottom of the liquid hydrogen inner tank 2, the liquid hydrogen boosting valve 4, the boosting vaporizer 5, the hydrogen boosting valve 6 and the liquid storage tank 20, and then returns to the gas phase space at the top of the liquid hydrogen inner tank 2. Through the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing pipeline 1, the hydrogen vaporized in the boosting vaporizer 5 can be transported to the gas phase space at the top of the liquid hydrogen inner tank 2, increasing the pressure inside the liquid hydrogen inner tank 2, and realizing the hydrogen fuel transportation inside the entire system. At the same time, the circulating medium in the liquid storage tank 20 can also be cooled by the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing pipeline 1 to prevent it from vaporizing.

[0035] In the system of the present invention, a branch is provided on the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing pipeline 1 before the hydrogen boosting valve 6 and the gas phase space at the top of the liquid hydrogen inner tank 2. A safety drain valve 7 is provided on the branch. When the hydrogen pressure in the pipeline exceeds the prescribed standard, the safety drain valve 7 can be opened to discharge hydrogen to ensure safe operation of the system.

[0036] In the system of the present invention, the liquid hydrogen pipeline 8 sequentially connects the liquid phase space at the bottom of the liquid hydrogen inner tank 2, the liquid hydrogen stop valve 9, the temperature control vaporizer 10, the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 11 and the fuel cell 12. Under the action of the temperature control vaporizer 10, the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen inner tank 2 is vaporized into hydrogen, which enters the fuel cell 12 after being decompressed by the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 11, and serves as hydrogen fuel for the fuel cell 12 to generate electricity.

[0037] In the system of the present invention, a branch is provided on the liquid hydrogen pipeline 8 connecting the temperature-controlled vaporizer 10 and the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 11. The branch is provided with an emergency drain valve 29. When the liquid hydrogen storage and supply system enters the rapid discharge mode, the emergency drain valve 29 can be opened to drain most of the hydrogen quickly, thereby avoiding safety accidents caused by a large amount of liquid hydrogen.

[0038] In order to ensure the efficiency of the liquid hydrogen storage and supply system in the normal operation mode, in this embodiment, insulating materials are arranged outside the liquid hydrogen self-pressurization pipeline 1, the liquid hydrogen pipeline 8 and the pressurized vaporizer 5 to avoid the reduction of liquid hydrogen vaporization efficiency due to heat leakage.

[0039] In the system of the present invention, the circulating medium pipeline 13 is arranged in the cavity between the liquid hydrogen outer tank 3 and the liquid hydrogen inner tank 2. When the liquid hydrogen storage and supply system needs to enter the fast discharge mode, the circulating medium is controlled to circulate in the circulating medium pipeline 13 to provide heat for the vaporization of liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen inner tank 2, accelerate the vaporization of liquid hydrogen, and increase the discharge speed.

[0040] It should be noted that in order to effectively maintain the cryogenic state of liquid hydrogen, in this embodiment, the space between the liquid hydrogen inner tank 2 and the liquid hydrogen outer tank 3 is evacuated to form a vacuum environment between the two. This vacuum environment can effectively isolate the heat transfer between the liquid hydrogen inner tank 2 and the external environment, thereby improving the thermal insulation performance of liquid hydrogen. In addition, the vacuum environment can reduce the temperature impact of the external environment on the liquid hydrogen inner tank 2 and reduce the pressure change of the inner tank. This helps to prevent the rupture or leakage of the liquid hydrogen inner tank 2 and ensure the safety of the system. In order to further enhance the insulation effect, a multi-layer radiation shield can also be arranged between the liquid hydrogen inner tank 2 and the liquid hydrogen outer tank 3.

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, the circulating medium pipeline 13 is connected to the cold end heat exchanger 14, the hot end heat exchanger 17, and the circulating pump 18 in sequence and then returns to the cold end heat exchanger 14, forming a heat transfer channel. In this embodiment, a first stop valve 15 is provided on the circulating medium pipeline 13 between the cold end heat exchanger 14 and the hot end heat exchanger 17, and a second stop valve 19 is provided on the circulating medium pipeline 13 between the circulating pump 18 and the cold end heat exchanger 14. When the first stop valve 15, the second stop valve 19 and the circulating pump 18 are opened at the same time, the circulating medium can circulate in the circulating medium pipeline 13 to provide heat for the vaporization of liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen inner tank 2. The circulating medium pipeline 13 is provided with a branch connected to the liquid storage tank 20 between the circulating pump 18 and the cold end heat exchanger 14, and the branch is provided with a liquid supply valve 21 for controlling the supply of the circulating medium.

[0042] Since the heat capacity of liquid nitrogen is relatively high, it means that it can absorb or release a large amount of heat without significantly changing the temperature. Secondly, liquid nitrogen is a pure refrigerant and does not produce harmful gases or chemicals. Therefore, considering the excellent performance of liquid nitrogen, liquid nitrogen is used as the circulating medium in this embodiment.

[0043] In order to improve the heat exchange efficiency between the cold end heat exchanger 14 and the liquid hydrogen inner tank 2, in the system of the present invention, the cold end heat exchanger 14 is arranged on the side wall of the liquid hydrogen inner tank 2 and the two are in close contact, so that the heat of the high temperature medium in the cold end heat exchanger 14 can be quickly transferred to the inside of the liquid hydrogen inner tank 2. In order to further improve the heat exchange efficiency between the cold end heat exchanger 14 and the liquid hydrogen inner tank 2, the cold end heat exchanger 14 with a coil structure is used in this embodiment to improve the heat exchange efficiency by increasing the heat exchange area between it and the liquid hydrogen inner tank 2.

[0044] It should be noted that in the system of the present invention, the hot end heat exchanger 17 is arranged in the insulation container 16. The main function of the insulation container 16 is to isolate the heat exchange between the external environment and the internal medium. By placing the hot end heat exchanger 17 in the insulation container 16, the heat loss can be effectively reduced and the heat conversion efficiency of the system can be improved. In this embodiment, the high temperature medium in the insulation container 16 can be high temperature air or fuel cell coolant.

[0045] In the system of the present invention, the high temperature medium pipeline 22 is connected to the outside of the liquid hydrogen outer tank 3 after passing through the high temperature medium inlet valve 23, the insulation container 16, and the high temperature medium outlet valve 24 from the outside of the liquid hydrogen outer tank 3 in sequence, so as to transfer the high temperature medium to the inside of the liquid hydrogen outer tank 3. In this embodiment, the high temperature medium inlet valve 23 and the high temperature medium outlet valve 24 are both arranged inside the liquid hydrogen outer tank 3.

[0046] It should be noted that the high temperature medium introduced into the high temperature medium pipeline 22 can be high temperature air or fuel cell coolant. When high temperature air is used, the appropriate air temperature can be selected by comprehensively considering factors such as application requirements, temperature resistance of heat exchanger materials, and energy conversion efficiency. Of course, fuel cell coolant also has good thermal conductivity. Directly using fuel cell coolant as the high temperature medium can reuse waste liquid and avoid energy waste.

[0047] In the system of the present invention, the front end of the evacuation pipeline 25 is divided into two branches. The first branch is connected to the high-temperature medium pipeline 22 through a pipeline provided with a high-temperature medium evacuation valve 26, and the second branch is connected to the circulating medium pipeline 13 through a pipeline provided with a circulating medium evacuation valve 27. After the first branch and the second branch are merged, they are discharged through a pipeline provided with an ejector 28 to achieve evacuation of different pipelines. In this embodiment, the ejector 28 is arranged outside the liquid hydrogen outer tank 3, and the high-temperature medium evacuation valve 26 and the circulating medium evacuation valve 27 are both arranged inside the liquid hydrogen outer tank 3.

[0048] In another embodiment of the present invention, based on the above Figure 1 The liquid hydrogen storage and supply system shown in the figure also provides a method for operating the liquid hydrogen storage and supply system with rapid discharge, which is as follows:

[0049] First, assume that liquid hydrogen has been filled inside the liquid hydrogen storage tank 2, the liquid storage tank 20 has been filled with circulating medium liquid nitrogen, the safety drain valve 7 is in the open state, all other valves are in the closed state, all devices are in the stopped state, and the circulating medium pipeline 13, the high-temperature medium pipeline 22, and the insulation container 16 are all in a vacuum state. The operation process is divided into a normal operation mode, a rapid discharge mode, and a reduction mode.

[0050] (1) The normal operation mode is as follows:

[0051] Start the booster vaporizer 5, open the liquid hydrogen booster valve 4, the hydrogen booster valve 6 and the liquid hydrogen stop valve 9, adjust the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 11 to a specific opening, and close the safety drain valve 7. The opening of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 11 needs to comprehensively consider factors such as pressure, flow, and sealing performance to meet the system requirements and ensure safe operation.

[0052] The liquid hydrogen in the liquid phase space at the bottom of the liquid hydrogen inner tank 2 first enters the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing pipeline 1, and enters the supercharged vaporizer 5 after being pressurized by the liquid hydrogen supercharger 4. After absorbing heat in the supercharged vaporizer 5, it completes vaporization to obtain hydrogen; the hydrogen is pressurized by the hydrogen supercharger 6 and enters the gas phase space at the top of the liquid hydrogen inner tank 2 for pressurization. Driven by pressure, a large amount of liquid hydrogen inside the liquid hydrogen inner tank 2 enters the liquid hydrogen pipeline 8, and enters the temperature-controlled vaporizer 10 after being pressurized by the liquid hydrogen stop valve 9, and is converted from liquid hydrogen to hydrogen inside the temperature-controlled vaporizer 10; the hydrogen reaches the target temperature in the temperature-controlled vaporizer 10, and then is reduced to the target pressure by the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 11, and finally enters the fuel cell 12 to generate electricity.

[0053] It should be noted that "target temperature" and "target pressure" are key parameters for hydrogen supply in fuel cells. However, different types of fuel cells have different requirements for the pressure and temperature of hydrogen. The liquid hydrogen is heated to a specified temperature by a temperature-controlled vaporizer to ensure that the hydrogen exists in a gaseous form, which is suitable for the operating conditions of the fuel cell. After being heated to the target temperature, the hydrogen will be reduced in pressure by a hydrogen pressure reducing valve to reach the pressure required by the fuel cell. This pressure is necessary for the normal operation of the fuel cell. It should not be too high to avoid damaging the battery, nor too low to avoid affecting the battery performance. The present invention does not specifically limit the target temperature and target pressure, and those skilled in the art can make choices based on different fuel cells.

[0054] The fast discharge mode is a special mode of the normal operation mode, that is, an additional operation added on the basis of the normal operation mode.

[0055] (2) The quick release mode is as follows:

[0056] Open the safety drain valve 7 and the emergency drain valve 29 as outlets for hydrogen fuel release. Open the high-temperature medium inlet valve 23 and the high-temperature medium outlet valve 24 to allow the high-temperature medium from the outside to enter the insulated container 16, heat the hot end heat exchanger 17, and then discharge it. Open the first stop valve 15, the second stop valve 19 and the liquid supply valve 21, so that the circulating medium inside the liquid storage tank 20 enters the circulating medium pipeline 13 under the action of the pressure difference. Then start the circulating pump 18, and the circulating medium enters the cold end heat exchanger 14 through the second stop valve 19 to release heat, heat the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen inner tank 2, and then enters the hot end heat exchanger 17 through the first stop valve 15 to absorb heat, and circulates back and forth to transfer the external heat to the liquid hydrogen inner tank 2. Under the action of the cold end heat exchanger 14, the liquid hydrogen inside the liquid hydrogen inner tank 2 is rapidly vaporized into hydrogen; the hydrogen in the gas phase space at the top of the liquid hydrogen inner tank 2 is combined with the hydrogen from the boost vaporizer 5 and discharged through the safety drain valve 7; at the same time, due to the rapid increase in the internal pressure of the liquid hydrogen inner tank 2, a large amount of liquid hydrogen in the liquid phase space at the bottom of the liquid hydrogen inner tank 2 enters the liquid hydrogen pipeline 8, and is divided into two parts after being vaporized by the temperature-controlled vaporizer 10, most of which is discharged through the emergency drain valve 29, and a small part enters the fuel cell 12 through the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 11 to continue generating electricity.

[0057] (3) The restore mode is as follows:

[0058] After the rapid release mode is over, the liquid hydrogen inside the liquid hydrogen inner tank 2 is completely emptied. The liquid hydrogen boost valve 4, the hydrogen boost valve 6, the liquid hydrogen stop valve 9, the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 11 and the safety drain valve 7 are opened to avoid hydrogen fuel residue; the high temperature medium inlet valve 23 and the high temperature medium outlet valve 24 are closed to stop the circulation of the external high temperature medium; the circulation pump 18 and the liquid supply valve 21 are closed to stop the circulation of the circulating medium; the ejector 28 is started and the circulating medium evacuation valve 27 is opened to evacuate the circulating medium pipeline 13. When the target vacuum degree is reached, the circulating medium evacuation valve 27, the first stop valve 15 and the second stop valve 19 are closed to complete the evacuation of the circulating medium pipeline 13; then the high temperature medium evacuation valve 26 is opened to evacuate the high temperature medium pipeline 22 and the insulation container 16. When the target vacuum degree is reached, the high temperature medium evacuation valve 26 and the ejector 28 are closed, the evacuation is completed, and the insulation capacity between the liquid hydrogen inner tank 2 and the liquid hydrogen outer tank 3 is restored.

[0059] It should be noted that the target vacuum degree required in the evacuated pipeline needs to take into account the requirements of the system design, and the pipeline material must be able to maintain performance under the target vacuum degree without deformation or damage. The present invention does not specifically limit the target vacuum degree required in the evacuated pipeline, and those skilled in the art can comprehensively consider and determine it based on factors such as system design, pipeline materials, and economic benefits.

[0060] The above-described embodiment is only a preferred solution of the present invention, but it is not intended to limit the present invention. A person skilled in the relevant technical field may make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, any technical solution obtained by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rapid release liquid hydrogen storage and supply system, characterized in that: The invention comprises a liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing pipeline (1), a liquid hydrogen outer tank (3), a pressurizing vaporizer (5), a liquid hydrogen pipeline (8), a temperature-controlled vaporizer (10) and a fuel cell (12), wherein the liquid hydrogen outer tank (3) is provided with a liquid hydrogen inner tank (2), a cold end heat exchanger (14), a hot end heat exchanger (17), a liquid storage tank (20), a circulating medium pipeline (13), a high-temperature medium pipeline (22) and an evacuation pipeline (25); and an insulating container (16) is provided outside the hot end heat exchanger (17); The liquid hydrogen inner tank (2) is filled with liquid hydrogen; the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing pipeline (1) is connected in sequence to the liquid phase space at the bottom of the liquid hydrogen inner tank (2), the liquid hydrogen boosting valve (4), the boosting vaporizer (5), the hydrogen boosting valve (6) and the liquid storage tank (20), and then returns to the gas phase space at the top of the liquid hydrogen inner tank (2), so as to realize internal hydrogen fuel transportation; a branch is provided on the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing pipeline (1) connecting the hydrogen boosting valve (6) and the gas phase space at the top of the liquid hydrogen inner tank (2), and a safety drain valve (7) is provided on the branch for discharging evaporated hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen inner tank (2); The liquid hydrogen pipeline (8) is connected in sequence to the liquid phase space at the bottom of the liquid hydrogen inner tank (2), the liquid hydrogen stop valve (9), the temperature control vaporizer (10), the hydrogen pressure reducing valve (11) and the fuel cell (12), and the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen inner tank (2) is vaporized to obtain hydrogen used for power generation by the fuel cell (12); a branch is provided on the liquid hydrogen pipeline (8) connecting the temperature control vaporizer (10) and the hydrogen pressure reducing valve (11), and an emergency drain valve (29) is provided on the branch for draining the rapidly released hydrogen; The circulating medium pipeline (13) is connected to the cold end heat exchanger (14), the hot end heat exchanger (17) in the insulation container (16), and the circulating pump (18) in sequence, and then returns to the cold end heat exchanger (14), forming a heat transfer channel; the liquid storage tank (20) is filled with circulating medium; the circulating medium pipeline (13) is provided with a branch connected to the liquid storage tank (20) between the circulating pump (18) and the cold end heat exchanger (14), and a liquid supply valve (21) for controlling the supply of circulating medium is provided on the branch; the cold end heat exchanger (14) is arranged on the side wall of the liquid hydrogen inner tank (2) and the two are in close contact, so that the heat of the high-temperature medium in the cold end heat exchanger (14) can be transferred to the inside of the liquid hydrogen inner tank (2); The high-temperature medium pipeline (22) is connected to the outside of the liquid hydrogen outer tank (3) through the high-temperature medium inlet valve (23), the insulation container (16), and the high-temperature medium outlet valve (24) from the outside of the liquid hydrogen outer tank (3) to provide a heat source for the inside of the liquid hydrogen outer tank (3); The front end of the evacuation pipeline (25) is divided into two branches, the first branch is connected to the high-temperature medium pipeline (22) through a pipeline provided with a high-temperature medium evacuation valve (26), and the second branch is connected to the circulating medium pipeline (13) through a pipeline provided with a circulating medium evacuation valve (27); after the first branch and the second branch are combined, they are discharged through a pipeline provided with an ejector (28), thereby achieving evacuation of different pipelines.

2. The rapid release liquid hydrogen storage and supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first stop valve (15) is provided on the circulating medium pipeline (13) between the cold end heat exchanger (14) and the hot end heat exchanger (17); and a second stop valve (19) is provided on the circulating medium pipeline (13) between the circulating pump (18) and the cold end heat exchanger (14).

3. The rapid release liquid hydrogen storage and supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-temperature medium inlet valve (23) and the high-temperature medium outlet valve (24) are arranged inside the liquid hydrogen outer tank (3).

4. The rapid release liquid hydrogen storage and supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-temperature medium evacuation valve (26) and the circulating medium evacuation valve (27) are arranged inside the liquid hydrogen outer tank (3); and the ejector (28) is arranged outside the liquid hydrogen outer tank (3).

5. The rapid release liquid hydrogen storage and supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing pipeline (1), the liquid hydrogen pipeline (8) and the outside of the pressurizing vaporizer (5) are all provided with heat insulating materials to prevent heat leakage.

6. The rapid release liquid hydrogen storage and supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A vacuum environment is formed between the liquid hydrogen inner tank (2) and the liquid hydrogen outer tank (3), and multiple layers of radiation protection screens are arranged to improve the heat insulation effect.

7. The rapid release liquid hydrogen storage and supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-temperature medium introduced into the high-temperature medium pipeline (22) is high-temperature air or fuel cell coolant.

8. The rapid release liquid hydrogen storage and supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The circulating medium is liquid nitrogen; the liquid nitrogen in the liquid storage tank (20) is cooled by the liquid hydrogen self-pressurizing pipeline (1) to prevent it from vaporizing.

9. A rapid release liquid hydrogen storage and supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cold end heat exchanger (14) adopts a coil structure to increase the heat exchange area between it and the liquid hydrogen inner tank (2).

10. The method of the liquid hydrogen storage and supply system according to any one of claims 2 to 9, characterized in that: It is divided into a normal operation mode, a rapid release mode and a reduction mode, and the inside of the circulating medium pipeline (13), the high-temperature medium pipeline (22) and the insulation container (16) are all in a vacuum state; The conventional operation mode is specifically as follows: the booster vaporizer (5) is started, the liquid hydrogen booster valve (4), the hydrogen booster valve (6), the liquid hydrogen stop valve (9) and the hydrogen pressure reducing valve (11) are opened, and the safety drain valve (7) is closed; the liquid hydrogen in the liquid phase space at the bottom of the liquid hydrogen inner tank (2) enters the liquid hydrogen self-boosting pipeline (1), is pressurized by the liquid hydrogen booster valve (4) and then enters the booster vaporizer (5), absorbs heat in the booster vaporizer (5) and completes vaporization to obtain hydrogen; the hydrogen passes through the hydrogen After the boost valve (6) increases the pressure, the hydrogen enters the gas phase space at the top of the liquid hydrogen inner tank (2) to increase the pressure; driven by the pressure, the liquid hydrogen inside the liquid hydrogen inner tank (2) enters the liquid hydrogen pipeline (8), and after increasing the pressure through the liquid hydrogen stop valve (9), enters the temperature-controlled vaporizer (10), and is converted from liquid hydrogen to hydrogen inside the temperature-controlled vaporizer (10); the hydrogen reaches the target temperature in the temperature-controlled vaporizer (10), and then is reduced to the target pressure through the hydrogen pressure reducing valve (11), and finally enters the fuel cell (12) to generate electricity; The quick discharge mode is specifically as follows: open the safety drain valve (7), the emergency drain valve (29), the high temperature medium inlet valve (23) and the high temperature medium outlet valve (24); open the first stop valve (15), the second stop valve (19) and the liquid supply valve (21), and the circulating medium inside the liquid storage tank (20) enters the circulating medium pipeline (13) under the action of the pressure difference; then start the circulating pump (18), and the circulating medium enters the cold end heat exchanger (14) through the second stop valve (19) to release heat, heat the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen inner tank (2), and then enters the hot end heat exchanger (17) through the first stop valve (15) to absorb heat, and reciprocates. circulates, transferring external heat to the liquid hydrogen inner tank (2); under the action of the cold end heat exchanger (14), the liquid hydrogen inside the liquid hydrogen inner tank (2) is vaporized into hydrogen; the hydrogen in the gas phase space at the top of the liquid hydrogen inner tank (2) is combined with the hydrogen from the booster vaporizer (5) and discharged through the safety drain valve (7); at the same time, due to the rapid increase in the internal pressure of the liquid hydrogen inner tank (2), the liquid hydrogen in the liquid phase space at the bottom of the liquid hydrogen inner tank (2) enters the liquid hydrogen pipeline (8), is vaporized by the temperature control vaporizer (10) and is divided into two parts, most of which is discharged through the emergency drain valve (29), and a small part enters the fuel cell (12) through the hydrogen pressure reducing valve (11) to continue generating electricity; The reduction mode is specifically as follows: after the rapid release mode is completed, the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen inner tank (2) is completely emptied; the liquid hydrogen boost valve (4), the hydrogen boost valve (6), the liquid hydrogen stop valve (9), the hydrogen pressure reducing valve (11) and the safety drain valve (7) are opened to avoid hydrogen fuel residue; the high temperature medium inlet valve (23) and the high temperature medium outlet valve (24) are closed to stop the circulation of the external high temperature medium; the circulation pump (18) and the liquid supply valve (21) are closed to stop the circulation of the circulating medium; the ejector (28) is started and the circulating medium evacuation valve ( 27), evacuate the circulating medium pipeline (13), and when the target vacuum degree is reached, close the circulating medium evacuation valve (27), the first stop valve (15) and the second stop valve (19), and complete the evacuation of the circulating medium pipeline (13); then open the high-temperature medium evacuation valve (26), evacuate the high-temperature medium pipeline (22) and the insulation container (16), and when the target vacuum degree is reached, close the high-temperature medium evacuation valve (26) and the ejector (28), and the evacuation is completed, and the insulation capacity between the liquid hydrogen inner tank (2) and the liquid hydrogen outer tank (3) is restored.

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