A green control method, system and equipment for leguminous plant diseases and insect pests

Abstract

The present invention relates to a green control method, system and equipment for leguminous plant diseases and insect pests. In order to solve the problem of controlling major leguminous plant diseases and insect pests such as wilt and thrips, the inventor proposes a new control method for leguminous plant diseases and insect pests, including: spraying pesticides for controlling pests after 7 pm; shaking the plants before 8 am to let the insect flowers fall off the plants, and sucking away the fallen insect flowers. The "three-in-one, internal and external killing" green control technology system constructed by the present invention can not only reduce the frequency of pesticide use by more than 2 / 3, but also has significantly higher pest control effects than traditional control methods, and has very good agricultural application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of pest control, and in particular relates to a green control method, system and equipment for leguminous plant diseases and insect pests. Background Art

[0002] Leguminosae include many plants that can produce pods. These beans not only play an important role in the diet, but also have rich nutritional value and various medicinal effects. Take cowpea as an example. Cowpea is an annual vine plant of the legume family. The Compendium of Materia Medica records that cowpea "regulates the middle and replenishes qi, nourishes the kidney and strengthens the stomach, harmonizes the five internal organs, produces essence, and stops thirst, etc." It can be used as medicine and can also be eaten. Cowpea production is prone to damage by pests and diseases, especially bean thrips and wilt. The damage caused by bean thrips leads to deformed flowers, falling flowers, falling fruits, deformed fruits, etc., which seriously affects the yield and quality of cowpeas; once wilt occurs, it directly leads to the death of cowpea plants.

[0003] Because bean thrips are very hidden, it is difficult for pesticides to contact them and kill them; wilt disease usually occurs in the mature stage of flowering and pod formation, which is not easy to be discovered. Once the plant is found to be sick, it is already "terminally ill". Therefore, in order to improve the yield and quality of cowpeas, vegetable farmers have to apply pesticides almost every other day, either to prevent thrips or wilt disease, and even mix multiple pesticides together for application, which seriously increases the risk of excessive pesticide residues in cowpeas. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve this "bottleneck" problem, predecessors have used many methods, including chemical pesticides, biological agents, botanical pesticides, natural enemies, insect-proof nets, etc. However, due to the special structure of the flowers of legumes, pests such as thrips can hide well in them and are not easily exposed to the pesticides. Therefore, these methods cannot kill the pests hidden in the flowers of legumes, and some of the prevention and control costs are quite high, especially the insect-proof nets. Although the "insect-proof net +" technology has been widely promoted and applied in Hainan Province, only insect-proof nets with very small apertures can block pests such as thrips. However, if the aperture of the insect-proof net is too small, it is easy to cause the net room to be unventilated, resulting in the plant's leggy growth, affecting pod formation and reducing yields. Moreover, the cost of insect-proof nets per mu of land is not less than 5,000 yuan, which seriously exceeds farmers' expectations.

[0005] In order to fundamentally solve the problem of damage caused by major leguminous plant diseases and pests such as wilt and bean thrips, the inventors have conducted in-depth research on the growth and flowering characteristics of plants such as cowpea, the biological ecology of diseases and pests such as bean thrips, and their epidemic laws and outbreak mechanisms for many years, and discovered the limiting factors for the outbreak of major diseases and pests such as bean thrips and wilt. On this basis, they developed a new green prevention and control technology, and after repeated integrated experiments, they produced the present invention.

[0006] The present invention provides a method for controlling diseases and insect pests of leguminous plants, the method comprising: (1) spraying pesticides for controlling pests after 7 p.m.; (2) shaking plants before 8 a.m. to make insect flowers fall off the plants, and sucking away the fallen insect flowers.

[0007] Optionally, the pesticide for controlling pests is sprayed after 8 pm; preferably, the pesticide for controlling pests is sprayed between 8 pm and 10 pm. When the pesticide is sprayed after 8 pm, the thrips are inactive, and the larvae of lepidopteran pests such as bean pod borer and Spodoptera litura crawl out of the hidden beans to transfer hosts, and the sprayed pesticide can directly contact them and kill them.

[0008] Optionally, shake the plant before 7 a.m. to make the insect flowers fall off the plant; preferably, shake the plant between 4:30 and 7 a.m. to make the insect flowers fall off the plant. The time selection is based on the long-term observation of the inventors on pests and diseases related phenomena: ① The cowpea flowers that open on the same day will fall off one after another in the early morning of the next day. ② A large number of pests such as thrips are hidden in the fallen flowers or flower buds. ③ If damaged by lepidopteran pests such as pod borers, the cowpeas are easy to fall off even if they are not open; even if they are not fallen off, the cowpeas produced later will have holes or deformities caused by the damage. ④ Normal cowpea flowers or flower buds that have not opened will not fall off easily even if the plant is "shaken". Therefore, according to these characteristics, the present invention chooses to shake the cowpea plants at around 5 a.m., before the thrips wake up (7:30 a.m.), so that the flowers or flower buds that have been opened or damaged can be separated from the cowpea plants. At this time, the pests in the flowers will also be separated from the cowpea plants, which is beneficial to the normal growth of flowers or cowpeas, so as to reduce the harm caused by pests switching hosts and also reduce the consumption of plant nutrients by damaged flowers, thereby playing the role of cleaning insect flowers.

[0009] Furthermore, the frequency of combined use of (1) and (2) is 2-5 times per week; preferably, the frequency of combined use of (1) and (2) is increased or decreased according to the severity of the disease and insect pest.

[0010] Furthermore, the method further comprises land preparation: deep tillage of the soil; preferably, the field where leguminous plants are planted is deep tilled by at least 30 cm, and after drying the soil for 3-7 days, 150 kg of lime powder and 150 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer are applied per mu; preferably, the land preparation further comprises crushing clods in the soil.

[0011] Furthermore, the method further comprises covering with film: during the land preparation for leguminous plants, a layer of drip-free film with a thickness of 0.1 mm is covered on the field; preferably, the covering time is at least 1 week; preferably, the drip-free film is tightly covered with soil on all sides; preferably, the size of the drip-free film is about 50 cm beyond the perimeter of the field. The light blue drip-free film with a thickness of 0.1 mm can quickly increase the temperature in the soil and kill the original pests and diseases in the soil that are not resistant to high temperatures, thereby reducing the number of pests and diseases, while the ordinary black-gray mulch film in the traditional method can only play the role of moisture conservation and weed prevention, and cannot kill the original pests and diseases in the soil.

[0012] Furthermore, the method further comprises re-filming: before sowing the legume plants, the drip-free film is uncovered, high ridges are formed, and then a 0.1 mm drip-free film is laid on the ridge surface; preferably, the drip-free film is tightly covered with soil around; preferably, the ridges are 60 cm apart, the furrows between the ridges are about 30 cm deep, and the ridge surface is about 100 cm wide;

[0013] Furthermore, the method further comprises drilling holes in the film on the ridge surface for sowing; preferably, the holes on the film surface have a hole diameter of 9 cm, a longitudinal distance of 20 cm, two rows of seeds per ridge, and a lateral distance of about 70 cm; preferably, 2-3 seeds are sown in each hole, with a depth of 3 cm. The holes on the film surface are preferably 9 cm in diameter because the temperature under the film is relatively high. If the hole diameter is too small, the heat waves under the film will come out through the holes and scald the cowpea seedlings. The hole diameter of 9 cm is the best hole diameter after repeated tests. The hole diameter of the ordinary black-gray mulch in the traditional method is relatively small, and the reason why it does not affect the growth of the seedlings is that the ordinary black-gray mulch has a poor warming effect. For this reason, the ordinary black-gray mulch cannot kill the original pests and diseases in the soil.

[0014] Furthermore, the method further comprises closing the sowing hole after emergence; preferably, when the seedling grows 15-20cm, a crescent-shaped plastic tape is pasted around the stem of the legume plant to reduce the sowing hole. When the seedling grows 15-20cm, a crescent-shaped pink plastic tape is pasted around the stem of the cowpea plant to reduce the sowing hole, which will not affect the growth of the plant. Because after repeated tests, the seedlings are relatively strong and have strong tolerance when they grow 15-20cm, which is the best time to use plastic tape to reduce the sowing hole. If plastic tape is used to reduce the sowing hole in the seedling stage, the seedling will be injured due to temperature; if plastic tape is used to reduce the sowing hole in the climbing stage or the mature stage, the pests and diseases during this period can pass through the hole to survive the summer and winter or harm from underground to the ground.

[0015] Preferably, the method for preventing and controlling leguminous plant diseases and insect pests includes a sowing stage treatment method and / or a flowering stage treatment method, specifically comprising:

[0016] The steps of the treatment method at the sowing stage are as follows: (1) land preparation, (2) film covering, (3) re-film covering, (4) making holes in the film on the ridge surface for sowing, and (5) closing the sowing holes after the seedlings emerge. For those skilled in the art, appropriate adjustments can be made according to the land and farming conditions, such as reducing the film covering in step (2) and only performing the film covering step in step (3).

[0017] Treatment steps during the flowering stage: (1) Spray insect control pesticides after 7:00 p.m.; (2) Shake the plants before 8:00 a.m. to allow the insect flowers to fall off the plants, and then suck away the fallen insect flowers.

[0018] Optionally, the legumes include soybeans, broad beans, peas, mung beans, red beans, cowpeas, kidney beans, lentils, pigeon peas, peanuts, astragalus, alfalfa, schizonepeta tenuifolia, albizzia, Dalbergia cocos, sapodilla, euphorbia cerasifera, locust, horsethorn, indigo, sappan wood, gum arabic, gum tragacanth, gum kohlrabi, hemp or kudzu; preferably, the legumes are cowpeas;

[0019] Optionally, the pests include one or more of the following: thrips, cowpea pod borer, leafminer, beet armyworm, armyworm, aphid; preferably, the pesticides for controlling pests include one or more of the following: hexythiazox, lime sulfur, emamectin benzoate, cypermethrin, bacteriocin, fenburozid, diflubenzuron, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, avermectin; more preferably, the pesticide is spinetoram;

[0020] Optionally, the diseases of the pests and diseases include one or more of the following: anthracnose, powdery mildew, rake spot disease, wilt, pod blight, stem blight, black spot disease, powdery mildew, blight, bacterial spot, gray star disease, rust, damping-off, root rot, sclerotinia, gray spot, mosaic disease, cyst nematode disease, and early frost and chilling damage; preferably, the pesticides for preventing and controlling diseases include chemical agents and biological agents; more preferably, the chemical agents include one or more of the following: carbendazim, agricultural streptomycin, myclobutanil, etc., and the biological agents include Trichoderma and Bacillus subtilis.

[0021] The present invention provides a system for preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests of leguminous plants, the system comprising:

[0022] A pesticide spraying unit is used to spray pesticides for pest control after 7 p.m.;

[0023] The insect and flower shedding unit is used to shake the plants before 8 am to make the insect and flowers fall off the plants, and to suck away the fallen insect and flowers.

[0024] The present invention provides a leguminous plant disease and insect pest prevention and control system, the system comprises a computer program, and when the program instructions are executed, the leguminous plant disease and insect pest prevention and control method is implemented.

[0025] The present invention provides a device for preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests of leguminous plants. The device comprises a memory and a processor. The memory is used to store program instructions. The processor is used to call the program instructions. When the program instructions are executed, the above-mentioned method for preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests of leguminous plants is implemented.

[0026] Furthermore, a flower suction machine is used to collect the fallen insect flowers. Preferably, a flower suction machine is used to collect and crush the fallen insect flowers; preferably, the flower suction machine comprises a box (1), characterized in that a control panel (8) is fixedly connected to an outer wall of one side of the box; a suction assembly (7) is arranged inside the box (1); the suction assembly (7) comprises an exhaust fan arranged inside the box (1), a connecting pipe is fixedly connected to one side of the exhaust fan, a curved pipe (7001) is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting pipe away from the exhaust fan, the curved pipe (7001) is arranged on the outside of the box (1), a bellows (7002) is arranged at one end of the bellows (7001) away from the connecting pipe, and the bellows (7002) ) is provided with a fixed tube (7003) at one end away from the bent tube (7001), a long tube (7005) is inserted into one end of the fixed tube (7003), a suction hopper (7006) is provided at one end of the long tube (7005), a ventilation hole is provided on the inner wall of one side of the box body (1), and a dustproof net is fixedly connected to the inside of the ventilation hole; a collecting component (2) is provided on one side of the box body (1); preferably, a crushing component is provided inside the box body (1); optionally, a shoulder strap (5) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of one side of the box body (1), preferably, the number of the shoulder straps (5) is two groups, and preferably, the outer cover of the shoulder strap (5) is provided with an anti-slip sheath (6).

[0027] The circumferential outer wall of the fixed tube (7003) is fixedly connected to a circular ring plate, and the circumferential outer wall of the circular ring plate is fixedly connected to a handle (7004). When the staff needs to process the crops, they can hold the arc handle (2002) to move the suction hopper (7006) close to the gully of the planting field.

[0028] The collecting assembly (2) comprises a collecting box (2001) arranged on one side of the box body (1), one end of the discharge plate extends to the interior of the collecting box (2001), a filter screen is fixedly connected to the interior of the collecting box, a connecting plate (2003) is fixedly connected to the top outer wall of the collecting box, and a positioning plate (2004) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of one side of the box body.

[0029] The suction assembly (7) includes an exhaust fan arranged inside the box body, a connecting pipe is fixedly connected to one side of the exhaust fan, a bent pipe (7001) is fixedly connected to the end of the connecting pipe away from the exhaust fan, the bent pipe is arranged on the outside of the box body, a bellows (7002) is arranged at the end of the bent pipe away from the connecting pipe 7011, a fixed pipe (7003) is arranged at the end of the bellows away from the bent pipe, a long pipe (7005) is inserted at one end of the fixed pipe, a suction hopper (7006) is arranged at one end of the long pipe, a ventilation hole (7009) is opened on the inner wall of one side of the box body, and a dustproof net (7008) is fixedly connected inside the ventilation hole.

[0030] Technical advantages of the present invention:

[0031] Why can the present invention kill or control pests such as thrips below the harmful level, while the frequent use of pesticides by vegetable farmers every other day still cannot effectively control pests such as thrips, and even causes thrips and other pests to develop serious drug resistance? Reason 1: The present invention significantly improves the effect of "external killing". Compared with traditional chemical control, although the "combination punch one" of the present invention is also chemical control, the time of application is different from that of traditional chemical control. The precise application time of the present invention is based on in-depth research and clarification of the activity rules of pests such as thrips, and eliminates other pests such as thrips exposed outside the cowpea flowers. The control effect on thrips and lepidopteran pests is significantly higher than that of traditional chemical control. Reason 2: The present invention has newly added the function of "internal killing". Traditional control methods are mainly chemical control "spraying" mist, which can only kill pests such as thrips outside the flowers, but most pests such as thrips are hidden in the flowers and cannot be killed, and the effect of traditional application methods is not ideal. The newly added "shaking", "sucking" and "crushing" steps of the present invention are new contents not involved in traditional control methods, which can eliminate pests such as thrips hidden in flowers, and truly kill both inside and outside. Other traditional methods, such as insect-proof nets, releasing natural enemies, functional plants, etc., are not only costly, but also have no effect on pests such as thrips hidden in flowers. A large number of experiments have shown that the present invention can eliminate more than 90% of thrips and more than 70% of other pests at one time, and control the pests below the harmful level. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 Graph showing the effects of the method of the present invention and the traditional method on the population dynamics of Thrips leucoderma (A) and the incidence of Fusarium wilt (B);

[0033] Figure 2 This is a statistical chart showing the percentage of Thrips Bean in different organs of cowpea;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a live photo of a cowpea flower opening and then closing (A) and a bean thrips wrapped in the flower "pocket" (B);

[0035] Figure 4 This is a diagram of the process of Thrips Beanis selecting cowpea flowers and entering the flowers;

[0036] Figure 5 This is a nighttime observation of the migration and damage of larvae (D) of (A) bean pod borer (B) and Spodoptera litura (C);

[0037] Figure 6 It is a comparison chart of the control effects of the traditional method and the present invention on the main pests of cowpea;

[0038] Figure 7 This is a live picture of the effect of shaking the plant with "Combination Punch 2";

[0039] Figure 8 It is a diagram showing the control effect of the "three-in-one" green control technology system of the present invention on bean thrips (A) and bean pod borer (B);

[0040] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the overall back of the flower suction machine;

[0041] Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of the overall front view of the flower suction machine. In the figure:

[0042] 1. Box body; 2. Collection component; 2001. Collection box; 2002. Arc handle; 2003. Connection plate; 2004. Positioning plate; 3. Battery box; 4. Heat dissipation slot; 5. Shoulder strap; 6. Anti-slip cover; 7. Suction component; 7001. Bend pipe; 7002. Bellows; 7003. Fixed pipe; 7004. Handle; 7005. Long pipe; 7006. Suction hopper; 7008. Dust net; 7009. Ventilation hole; 8. Control panel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, which are only used to explain the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. A person skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and purpose of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

[0044] The control method steps at the sowing stage are as follows: (1) land preparation, (2) film covering, (3) re-film covering, (4) making holes in the film on the ridge surface for sowing, and (5) closing the sowing holes after emergence. Those skilled in the art can make appropriate adjustments according to the land and farming conditions, for example, reducing the film covering in step (2) and only performing the film covering step in step (3).

[0045] The specific operations are as follows:

[0046] (1) Land preparation (deep tillage and fine soil crushing). The planting field is plowed at least 30 cm deep, and after the soil is dried for 3-7 days, 150 kg of lime powder and 150 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer are applied per mu, and the soil is then finely crushed.

[0047] (2) Film covering and high temperature disinfection. Cover the deep-ploughed and finely divided fields with a layer of light blue drip-free film with a thickness of 0.1 mm, and cover the surrounding areas tightly with soil. The size of the film should be about 50 cm beyond the surrounding areas of the field. Cover the film for at least 1 week. If there is no rush to plant, the covering time can be extended to kill the original pathogens and pests in the soil that are not resistant to high temperatures.

[0048] (3) Remove the film and prepare the land before covering. Before sowing, remove the drip-free film, build high ridges, and then spread 0.1mm light blue drip-free film on the ridge surface, and cover it tightly with soil around. The distance between ridges is 60cm, the furrow between ridges is about 30cm deep, and the ridge surface is about 100cm wide.

[0049] (4) Make holes in the film on the ridge surface for sowing. Make holes on the film surface with a diameter of 9 cm and a longitudinal distance of 20 cm (i.e., spacing between plants). Plant two rows per ridge and a lateral distance of about 70 cm. Sow 2-3 seeds per hole at a depth of 3 cm.

[0050] (5) Seal the sowing hole after the seedlings emerge. When the seedlings grow 15-20 cm, stick crescent-shaped blue plastic tape around the stems of the cowpea plants to reduce the size of the sowing hole, so as to prevent pests such as thrips, armyworms, and beet armyworms from entering the soil to pupate, thus reducing the base number of insects in the later stage. At the same time, it also reduces the spread of soil diseases to the leaves.

[0051] For pests and diseases such as wilt, the difference and effect comparison between the traditional control method and the present invention: the traditional method does not have the steps (2)-(5) of the present invention, but mainly adopts chemical agents (such as benzimidazole, agricultural streptomycin, myclobutanil, etc.) and biological agents (such as Trichoderma, Bacillus subtilis, etc.) for control or prevention. The large-scale use of these agents increases the cost of control and the risk of pesticide residues, but the effect is still not ideal. The present invention mainly adopts the steps (2)-(5) on the basis of deep tillage and fine crushing of the soil, reduces the risk of pesticide residues, and significantly improves the control effect, fundamentally solving the "cancer" problem of cowpea wilt.

[0052] In a specific embodiment, the experiment was conducted at the experimental base of the Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences in Sanya, Hainan Province in July 2023. The experiment was designed with 2 treatments and 1 control (traditional method), and each treatment group and control group had 667m 2. The planted fields are deeply plowed for at least 30 cm, and after drying the soil for 3-7 days, 150 kg of lime powder and 150 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer are applied per mu, and the soil is broken into small pieces. Treatment 1 (part of the present invention): Select the weather with sunlight intensity exceeding 55,000 Lux, and continuously cover the above-mentioned deeply plowed and broken fields with a light blue drip-free film with a thickness of 0.1 mm, and cover it tightly with soil on all sides. The size of the film exceeds 50 cm around the fields. After 7 days, the film is removed, high ridges are built, and then covered with a gray-black two-color ground film with a thickness of 0.03 mm; Treatment 2 (the present invention): On the basis of treatment one, high ridges are built, and then a 0.1 mm light blue drip-free film is spread on the ridge surface, and the soil is pressed tightly on all sides. When the seedlings grow 15-20 cm, a crescent-shaped blue plastic tape is pasted around the stems of the cowpea plants to reduce the sowing holes. Control group (traditional method): Deeply plowed and finely divided fields were directly raised with high ridges, and covered with gray-black two-color mulch with a thickness of 0.03mm. The distance between ridges was 60cm, the furrow depth was about 30cm, and the ridge surface width was 100cm. Before sowing, holes were made on the film surface, with a hole diameter of 9cm being appropriate, and the longitudinal distance of the holes was 20cm (i.e., the spacing between plants). Two rows were planted on each ridge, and the lateral distance of the holes was about 70cm. 2-3 seeds were sown in each hole, with a depth of 3cm. After sowing and germination, 4 pink sticky insect boards were randomly hung in each experimental field, with the hanging height exceeding the plant by 10cm. The boards were replaced every 5d to monitor the occurrence of bean thrips. In addition, 100 plants were randomly selected in each experimental field as a repetition, and the occurrence of wilt was investigated every 10d, with 4 repetitions per treatment.

[0053] The results showed that in the control group (traditional method), Thrips leucoderma could be detected in the field on the 5th day after sowing. Although the number of thrips detected until the climbing stage on the 25th day (about 23.54 on average) was not large, it was significantly higher than the population of Treatment 1 (part of the present invention, about 3.25 on average) and Treatment 2 (0 on the present invention). When a small number of flowers bloomed on the 30th day, the number of thrips detected in each board of the control group was about 46.25, while thrips were detected for the first time in Treatment 2, only about 2.15. With the arrival of the flowering and podding period, the population of Thrips leucoderma monitored in each field increased, but the control group increased faster. During the flowering period of the 40th to 45th day, the population of thrips detected in the control group was significantly higher than that of Treatments 1 and 2, and the flowers and cowpea fruits of the control group were severely damaged. Without any treatment with any pesticides, there was no significant difference in the number of thrips detected in Treatments 1 and 2 compared with the control group on the 60th day ( Figure 1A). It can be seen that the present invention can delay the occurrence and harm of the bean thrips population. The incidence of wilt in the control group (traditional method) is significantly higher than that in treatment one (part of the present invention) and treatment two (the present invention). Among them, the incidence of wilt in the control group is 72.38%, the incidence of wilt in treatment one is significantly reduced to 10.47%, and the incidence of wilt in treatment two (the present invention) is even lower, only 2.46% ( Figure 1 B) It can be seen that the present invention has a significant control effect on wilt.

[0054] Pests and diseases such as wilt and bean thrips overwinter, oversummer, and accumulate in continuous cropping in the soil, becoming the basis for the occurrence of pests and diseases in the next crop. ① The present invention covers a light blue drip-free film with a thickness of 0.1 mm, which can quickly increase the temperature in the soil to kill the original pests and diseases in the soil that are not resistant to high temperatures, thereby reducing the base number of pests and diseases. The ordinary black-gray mulch film in the traditional method can only play the function of retaining moisture and preventing weeds, and cannot kill the original pests and diseases in the soil. ② The light blue drip-free film with a thickness of 0.1 mm of the present invention has good quality and can be used repeatedly, while the ordinary black-gray mulch film in the traditional method is disposable and cannot be recycled. ③ The present invention opens holes on the membrane surface, and the aperture is preferably 9 cm, because the temperature under the membrane is relatively high. If the aperture is too small, the heat wave under the membrane will come out through the holes and scald the cowpea seedlings, and the aperture of 9 cm is the best aperture after repeated tests. In the traditional method, the aperture of ordinary black-gray mulch is relatively small, and the reason why it does not affect the growth of seedlings is that the warming effect of ordinary black-gray mulch is relatively poor. For this reason, ordinary black-gray mulch cannot kill the original pests and diseases in the soil. ④ In the present invention, when the seedlings grow to 15-20cm, a crescent-shaped pink plastic tape is pasted around the stem of the cowpea plant to shrink the sowing hole, which will not affect the growth of the plant. Because after repeated tests, the seedlings are relatively strong and have strong tolerance when they grow to 15-20cm, which is the best time to use plastic tape to shrink the sowing hole. If plastic tape is used to shrink the sowing hole in the seedling stage, the seedlings will be injured due to temperature; if plastic tape is used to shrink the sowing hole in the climbing stage or the adult stage, the pests and diseases during this period can pass through the hole to survive the summer and winter or harm from underground to the ground. 5. When the seedling grows 15-20cm, the present invention pastes a crescent-shaped pink plastic tape around the stem of the cowpea plant to reduce the sowing hole, which can prevent pests such as thrips, armyworm, and beet armyworm from entering the soil and pupating, and reduce the base number of insects in the later stage. At the same time, it also reduces the spread of soil diseases to the leaf surface. In addition, after repeated tests in our laboratory, pink is the color that bean thrips likes. Pasting a crescent-shaped pink plastic tape on the stem of the plant can stick to bean thrips that crawl down from the stem of the cowpea plant or enter the soil. However, the traditional method does not close this hole, and pests such as thrips, armyworm, and beet armyworm can enter the soil and pupate from this hole. In short, the original pests and diseases in the soil have the harm advantage of "the first to get the moon near the water". If they are not strangled before sowing or emergence, the larger the base number in the soil, the greater the harm to subsequent plants. The invention can eliminate or inhibit the original base number of pests and diseases in the soil through high temperature, and prevent the pests from burrowing into the soil and pupating during the growth period of the plants, which is impossible with traditional methods.

[0055] Embodiment 2: Method for preventing and controlling pests and diseases in the flowering stage

[0056] Treatment steps during the flowering stage: (1) Spray insect control pesticides after 7:00 p.m.; (2) Shake the plants before 8:00 a.m. to allow the insect flowers to fall off the plants, and then suck away the fallen insect flowers.

[0057] Take cowpea as an example. Cowpea is harvested as beans, which are easily damaged by thrips and form the phenomenon of "black head and black tail". At the same time, beans are also easily damaged by pod borers, armyworms, etc., forming holes and affecting quality. However, according to our experimental investigation, whether it is thrips damage, pod borers, armyworms, etc., the main reason is that they harm cowpea flowers. Therefore, accurate and effective prevention and control of cowpea flowers is the key to ensuring high quality and high yield of beans. According to the characteristics of blooming, closing and shedding of cowpea flowers, combined with the laws of harmful activities of major pests such as thrips and pod borers, a "three-in-one, internal and external killing" green prevention and control technology "combination punch" system is constructed. Without using traditional insect-proof nets, it can not only reduce the cost of insect-proof nets by about 5,000 yuan per mu (including: insect-proof nets + supporting racks + labor costs), but also reduce the frequency of pesticide use by more than 2 / 3, truly realizing efficient and green production of cowpeas. The "combination punch" to kill pests both inside and outside includes three parts. The specific steps and principles are as follows:

[0058] (1) “Combination Punch 1”: Killing pests outside the flowers. Accurately select the time to spray the pesticide and first kill pests such as thrips that are exposed outside the cowpea flowers.

[0059] It is generally believed that thrips are most active in flowers between 8:00 and 10:00 a.m., so people are accustomed to spraying pesticides when the flowers are open between 8:00 and 10:00 a.m. Although spraying pesticides at this time can have a certain control effect, the effect is very poor, and the main reason is that the spraying time is unreasonable.

[0060] Reason 1: The relationship between the morphological characteristics of cowpea flowers and the damage caused by thrips is not clear. In the past, people only considered applying pesticides between 8:00 and 10:00 in the morning, which took into account the time when thrips are most active and the time when cowpea flowers bloom, but did not consider the morphological characteristics of cowpea flowers. Cowpea flowers are different from the flowers of other non-leguminous plants. They have three overlapping layers. When the flowers are not open, these three layers of flowers tightly wrap the pistils, stamens, and stigmas. The two petals of the first layer are completely seamlessly connected to form a large petal; the two petals of the second layer are separated to the left and right; the third layer is like a "pocket" containing stamens and stigmas, and there is a small hole at the junction of the first and second layers. Thrips drill into this small hole to harm the pistils, stamens, and stigmas. When the cowpea flowers bloom, the large petals of the first layer are like an "umbrella", blocking external pesticides or rainwater from entering the small holes of the third layer of flower "pockets"; the two petals of the second layer can also block external pesticides or rainwater from entering the small holes of the third layer of flower "pockets". Under the dual protection of the first and second layers of petals, even if more pesticides are applied, only the thrips exposed outside the flower "pockets" can be killed, and it is impossible to kill the thrips hidden in the third layer of flower "pockets". However, when the flowers are open, 81.63% of the thrips drill into the flower "pockets" and are "protected" ( Figure 2) and cannot come into contact with the sprayed pesticide, so the insecticidal effect is poor.

[0061] Reason 2: The relationship between the opening characteristics of cowpea flowers and the cycle of thrips damage is not clear. After the cowpea flowers open, they begin to close one after another at 10:00 am on the day of flowering, and the thrips hidden in the third layer of flower "pockets" are also wrapped in them. Figure 3 ). The flowers that have bloomed will fall off one after another starting at 5:00 a.m. the next day. The thrips that were "protected" in the flower "pockets" will also leave the flower stalks as the flowers fall off. They will wake up at 7:00 a.m., crawl out of the fallen flowers, fly into the newly opened flowers, and continue to cause damage and lay eggs.

[0062] Reason 3: Knowing the facts but not the reasons, blindly applying pesticides. The reason why vegetable farmers frequently apply pesticides, even once every other day, is difficult to achieve the ideal control effect, because each time the pesticide is applied, only a small part of the thrips exposed outside the flowers are killed. Most of the thrips hide in the "pockets" of the flowers and become the insect sources on the second, third, or even Nth day. Moreover, the eggs produced by this batch of insect sources continue to hatch to form new insect sources. Therefore, the control effect is poor. Vegetable farmers have doubted the authenticity and quality of the pesticides, the concentration of the pesticides, the equipment used for applying pesticides, etc., but they do not know that if they do not grasp the "seven-inch" weakness of thrips, blindly applying pesticides will only waste pesticides, increase thrips resistance, increase cowpea pesticide residues, etc., and produce a large number of negative effects.

[0063] The pesticide application method of the present invention is based on a deep understanding of the characteristics of cowpea flowers and the laws of pest damage such as thrips, and accurately selects the "spraying" time to eliminate pests exposed outside the flowers. Knowing oneself and the enemy, we can fight a hundred battles without danger. According to the in-depth study of the characteristics of cowpea flowers and the laws of the activities of pests such as thrips, we found that in addition to the thrips "protected" in the "pocket" of the flower, the thrips outside the cowpea flowers hide in the shade such as the back of the leaves and tender shoots at noon or afternoon when the temperature is high and the sun is strong. After 4:00 p.m., they start to look for the white buds that are ready to open in the morning of the next day, and attach to the outside of the white buds. Very few thrips will drill into the gaps of the petals to be opened under the white buds. This process of searching and selecting will continue until 7:30 p.m., when the thrips are no longer active and stay outside the white buds until waking up at 7:00 a.m. the next day. Usually, cowpea flowers begin to open one after another at 4:30 a.m. The flowers open earlier than the thrips wake up. After waking up at 7:00, the thrips drill into the flower "pockets" and cause damage ( Figure 4 At the same time, the larvae of lepidopteran pests such as bean pod borer and Spodoptera litura come out around 8:00 pm to transfer the host to cause damage ( Figure 5). Therefore, it is chosen to apply the pesticide after 8:00 p.m., when the thrips are inactive, and the larvae of lepidopteran pests such as bean pod borer and Spodoptera litura also crawl out from the hidden beans to transfer hosts, and the sprayed pesticide can directly contact them to kill them. Taking the traditional method of applying pesticides at 8:00-10:00 a.m. as a control, the control effect of the pesticide application of the present invention on lepidopteran pests such as bean thrips (78.96%), bean pod borer (60.38%) and Spodoptera litura (75.84%) is significantly higher than that of the control group on lepidopteran pests such as bean thrips (63.28%), bean pod borer (6.25%) and Spodoptera litura (64.17%) ( Figure 6 ).

[0064] (2) “Combination Punch 2”: The prelude to killing pests inside the flowers. “Shaking” the plant to separate the insects from the flower is the key step to killing pests inside the flower.

[0065] The present invention deeply studies the opening and falling characteristics of cowpea flowers, and combines the activity patterns of pests such as thrips to find that: ① cowpea flowers that open on the same day will fall off one after another in the early morning of the next day. ② A large number of pests such as thrips are hidden in the fallen flowers or buds. ③ They are easily fallen off even if they are not open due to damage by lepidopteran pests such as pod borers; even if they are not fallen off, the cowpeas produced later will have holes or deformities ( Figure 7 ). ④ Normal unopened cowpea flowers or buds will not fall off easily even if the plant is "shaken".

[0066] Therefore, according to these characteristics, the present invention chooses to shake the cowpea plants at around 5:00 a.m., before the thrips wake up (7:30 a.m.), so that the flowers or flower buds that have been opened or damaged can be separated from the cowpea plants. At this time, the pests in the flowers can also be separated from the cowpea plants, which is beneficial to the normal growth of flowers or cowpeas, so as to reduce the harm caused by the pests by transferring hosts, and also reduce the consumption of plant nutrients by the damaged flowers, thereby playing the role of cleaning the insect flowers.

[0067] (3) "Combination Punch Three": Kill pests inside flowers. "Suck" away and "crush" the insects that have escaped from the flowers in (2), and kill pests such as thrips hidden in the flowers.

[0068] According to the characteristics of thrips that they "wake up" after 7:30 am, crawl out of fallen flowers and transfer the damage, the insect flowers and the like shaken and fallen off in (2) must be sucked away and crushed in time by a leaf suction crusher before the thrips "wake up", so as to kill the thrips and other pests in the flowers.

[0069] Compared with traditional control methods, the present invention is not only low-cost and simple to operate, but also can kill thrips and other pests hidden in flowers both inside and outside, greatly reducing the frequency of chemical pesticide use. Even without using chemical pesticides at all, the frequency of combined use of "Combination Punch 2" and "Combination Punch 3" can be increased, and the damage of thrips and other pests can be controlled below the economic threshold, ensuring that cowpeas are improved in quality and efficiency, and farmers increase production and income. Of course, not using chemical pesticides at all or reducing chemical pesticides not only increases certain economic benefits, but also has great ecological and social benefits.

[0070] In one embodiment, the "three-in-one" green control technology system of the present invention controls bean thrips and bean pod borer. This experiment was conducted at the experimental base of the Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences in Sanya City, Hainan Province from October to December 2023. The experiment was divided into a traditional pesticide application group, a "three-in-one" technology group of the present invention, and a clear water blank control group. The traditional pesticide application group sprayed at 8:00 in the morning; the "three-in-one" technology group of the present invention sprayed 60g / L of ethyl spinetoram 50mL / 667m at 8:00 in the afternoon. 2 (same as the control group), shake off the insect flowers on the cowpea plants at 5:00 am the next day, and then use an insect sucker to suck away the insect flowers; the water blank control group was sprayed with water at 8:00 am. After the test was completed, the control effect on bean thrips and bean pod borer was investigated at 1d, 3d, 5d, 7d, and 9d. Each treatment was repeated 3 times, and each repeat was 50m 2 .

[0071] The results show that the control effect of the present invention on bean thrips and bean pod borer is significantly higher than that of the traditional application method, and the lasting effect is long ( Figure 8 ). For bean thrips, after 1 day of treatment, the control effect of the traditional application method was 62.57%, and the control effect of the present invention was 93.96%; after 3 days of treatment, the control effect of the traditional application method dropped significantly, only 41.45%, while the control effect of the present invention remained at 91.57%; after 5 days of treatment, the bean thrips in the traditional application method field returned to the level before application, while the control effect of the present invention remained at 90.48%. For bean pod borer, after 1 day of treatment, the control effect of the traditional application method was 10.16%, and the control effect of the present invention was 86.94%; after 3 days of treatment, the control effect of the traditional application method was 7.62%, while the control effect of the present invention was still maintained at 84.38%. The traditional application method has almost no control effect on bean pod borer, but the control effect of the present invention on bean pod borer on the 9th day is still as high as 79.56%. Therefore, it can be seen from the experiment that the effect of the present invention in controlling bean thrips and bean pod borer is significantly higher than that of the traditional control method, and the effect lasts for a longer period of time.

[0072] In one embodiment, the invention provides a system for controlling pests and diseases of leguminous plants, the system comprising: a pesticide spraying unit for spraying pesticides for controlling pests after 7 p.m.; an insect and flower shedding unit for shaking plants before 8 a.m. to make the insect and flowers fall off the plants, and sucking away the fallen insect and flowers.

[0073] Embodiment 3 uses the flower suction machine to collect the fallen insect flowers

[0074] In one embodiment, the invention provides a device for controlling pests and diseases of leguminous plants, the device comprising a memory and a processor, the memory being used to store program instructions; the processor being used to call program instructions, and implementing the above-mentioned method for controlling pests and diseases of leguminous plants when the program instructions are executed.

[0075] Preferably, the device includes a flower suction machine, which is used to collect the fallen insect flowers.

[0076] The flower suction machine comprises a box (1), characterized in that a control panel (8) is fixedly connected to an outer wall of one side of the box; a suction assembly (7) is arranged inside the box (1); the suction assembly (7) comprises an exhaust fan arranged inside the box (1), a connecting pipe is fixedly connected to one side of the exhaust fan, an end of the connecting pipe away from the exhaust fan is fixedly connected to a bent pipe (7001), the bent pipe (7001) is arranged on the outside of the box (1), and a corrugated pipe (7002) is arranged at one end of the bent pipe (7001) away from the connecting pipe, and the corrugated pipe (7002) is away from the bent pipe (7001). A fixed tube (7003) is provided at one end of the fixed tube (7003), a long tube (7005) is inserted at one end of the fixed tube (7003), a suction hopper (7006) is provided at one end of the long tube (7005), a ventilation hole is provided on the inner wall of one side of the box body (1), and a dustproof net is fixedly connected to the inside of the ventilation hole; a collecting component (2) is provided on one side of the box body (1); preferably, a crushing component is provided inside the box body (1); optionally, a shoulder strap (5) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of one side of the box body (1), preferably, the number of the shoulder straps (5) is two groups, and preferably, the outer cover of the shoulder strap (5) is provided with an anti-slip sheath (6).

[0077] The circumferential outer wall of the fixed tube (7003) is fixedly connected to a circular ring plate, and the circumferential outer wall of the circular ring plate is fixedly connected to a handle (7004). When the staff needs to process the crops, they can hold the arc handle (2002) to move the suction hopper (7006) close to the gully of the planting field.

[0078] The collecting assembly (2) comprises a collecting box (2001) arranged on one side of the box body (1), one end of the discharge plate extends to the interior of the collecting box (2001), a filter screen is fixedly connected to the interior of the collecting box, a connecting plate (2003) is fixedly connected to the top outer wall of the collecting box, and a positioning plate (2004) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of one side of the box body.

[0079] The suction assembly (7) includes an exhaust fan arranged inside the box body, a connecting pipe is fixedly connected to one side of the exhaust fan, a bent pipe (7001) is fixedly connected to the end of the connecting pipe away from the exhaust fan, the bent pipe is arranged on the outside of the box body, a bellows (7002) is arranged at the end of the bent pipe away from the connecting pipe 7011, a fixed pipe (7003) is arranged at the end of the bellows away from the bent pipe, a long pipe (7005) is inserted at one end of the fixed pipe, a suction hopper (7006) is arranged at one end of the long pipe, a ventilation hole (7009) is opened on the inner wall of one side of the box body, and a dustproof net (7008) is fixedly connected inside the ventilation hole.

Claims

1. A method for preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests of leguminous plants, characterized in that: The method comprises: a control method in the sowing stage, comprising land preparation, film covering, re-film covering, drilling holes in the film on the ridge surface for sowing, and closing the sowing holes after emergence; a control method for pests and diseases in the flowering stage: step (1), spraying pesticides for controlling pests after 7:00 p.m.; step (2), shaking the plants before 8:00 a.m. to allow the insect flowers to fall off the plants, and sucking away the fallen insect flowers; and using a flower suction machine to collect the fallen insect flowers, wherein the flower suction machine comprises a box body, and a suction component and a crushing component are arranged inside the box body.

2. The method for preventing and controlling leguminous plant diseases and insect pests according to claim 1, characterized in that: Spray pesticides for pest control after 8pm.

3. The method for controlling leguminous plant diseases and insect pests according to claim 1, characterized in that: Spray pesticides for pest control between 8pm and 10pm.

4. The method for controlling leguminous plant diseases and insect pests according to claim 1, characterized in that: Shake the plants before 7 a.m. to dislodge the parasites.

5. The method for controlling leguminous plant diseases and insect pests according to claim 1, characterized in that: Shake the plants between 4:30 and 7:00 a.m. to dislodge the parasites.

6. The method for controlling leguminous plant diseases and insect pests according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frequency of combined use of step (1) and step (2) is 2-5 times per week.

7. The method for controlling leguminous plant diseases and insect pests according to claim 6, characterized in that: According to the severity of the disease and insect pest, the frequency of the combined use of step (1) and step (2) is increased or decreased.

8. The method for controlling leguminous plant diseases and insect pests according to claim 1, characterized in that: The film covering includes: the prevention and control method also includes covering the field with a layer of drip-free film with a thickness of 0.1 mm during land preparation for leguminous plants, and the covering time is at least 1 week.

9. The method for controlling leguminous plant diseases and insect pests according to claim 8, characterized in that: The drip-free membrane is tightly covered with soil on all sides.

10. The method for controlling leguminous plant diseases and insect pests according to claim 9, characterized in that: The size of the drip-free film should extend 50cm around the field.

11. The method for controlling leguminous plant diseases and insect pests according to claim 8, characterized in that: The drip-free film is a light blue drip-free film.

12. The method for controlling leguminous plant diseases and insect pests according to claim 1, characterized in that: The re-filming comprises: peeling off the drip-free film before sowing the legume plants, raising ridges, and then spreading 0.1 mm drip-free film on the ridge surface.

13. The method for controlling leguminous plant diseases and insect pests according to claim 12, characterized in that: The drip-free membrane is tightly covered with soil on all sides.

14. The method for controlling leguminous plant diseases and insect pests according to claim 12, characterized in that: The distance between ridges is 60cm, the ditch between ridges is 30cm deep, and the ridge width is 100cm.

15. The method for controlling leguminous plant diseases and insect pests according to claim 1, characterized in that: The land preparation includes: deep tillage of the soil.

16. The method for controlling leguminous plant diseases and insect pests according to claim 15, characterized in that: The fields where leguminous plants are planted should be plowed deep to a depth of at least 30 cm. After the soil is dried for 3-7 days, 150 kg of lime powder and 150 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer should be applied per mu.

17. The method for controlling leguminous plant diseases and insect pests according to claim 15, characterized in that: The land preparation also includes breaking up clods in the soil.

18. The method for controlling leguminous plant diseases and insect pests according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of making holes in the film on the ridge surface for sowing comprises: making holes on the film surface, with a hole diameter of 9 cm, a longitudinal distance of the holes of 20 cm, two rows of seeds per ridge, and a lateral distance of the holes of 70 cm.

19. The method for controlling leguminous plant diseases and insect pests according to claim 18, characterized in that: Sow 2-3 seeds in each hole at a depth of 3cm.

20. The method for controlling leguminous plant diseases and insect pests according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of sealing the sowing hole after emergence of seedlings comprises: when the seedlings grow 15-20 cm, sticking a crescent-shaped plastic tape around the stems of the leguminous plants to shrink the sowing hole.

21. The method for controlling leguminous plant diseases and insect pests according to claim 1, characterized in that: The legumes include soybean, broad bean, pea, mung bean, red bean, cowpea, kidney bean, lentil, pigeon pea, peanut, astragalus, alfalfa, schizonepeta tenuifolia, albizzia, Dalbergia cocos, sapodilla, euphorbia pulcherrima, locust, horsethorn, indigo, sappanwood, gum arabic, gum tragacanth, gum cooper, hemp or kudzu.

22. The method for controlling leguminous plant diseases and insect pests according to claim 21, characterized in that: The legume plant is cowpea.

23. The method for controlling leguminous plant diseases and insect pests according to claim 21, characterized in that: The pests include one or more of the following: thrips, cowpea pod borer, leafminer, beet armyworm, Spodoptera litura, and aphids.

24. The method for controlling leguminous plant diseases and insect pests according to claim 1, characterized in that: Pesticides for pest control include one or more of the following: hexythiazox, lime sulfur, emamectin benzoate, cypermethrin, bactericidal, fenburon, diflubenzuron, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, and avermectin.

25. The method for controlling leguminous plant diseases and insect pests according to claim 24, characterized in that: The pesticide is spinetoram.

26. The method for controlling leguminous plant diseases and insect pests according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diseases of the pests and diseases include one or more of the following: anthracnose, powdery mildew, harrow spot, wilt, pod blight, stem blight, black spot, powdery mildew, blight, bacterial spot, gray star disease, rust, damping-off, root rot, sclerotinia, gray spot, mosaic disease, cyst nematode disease, and early frost and cold damage.

27. The method for controlling leguminous plant diseases and insect pests according to claim 1, characterized in that: Pesticides for disease prevention and control include chemical agents and biological agents.

28. The method for controlling leguminous plant diseases and insect pests according to claim 27, characterized in that: The chemical agents include one or more of the following: meconium, agricultural streptomycin, azoxystrobin, and the biological agents include Trichoderma and Bacillus subtilis.

29. A device for preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests of leguminous plants, characterized in that: The device includes a memory and a processor, the memory is used to store program instructions; the processor is used to call the program instructions, and when the program instructions are executed, the method for preventing and controlling leguminous plant diseases and insect pests according to any one of claims 1 to 28 is implemented.

30. The device for controlling diseases and insect pests of leguminous plants according to claim 29, characterized in that: The flower suction machine comprises a box (1), characterized in that a control panel (8) is fixedly connected to an outer wall of one side of the box; a suction assembly (7) is arranged inside the box (1); the suction assembly (7) comprises an exhaust fan arranged inside the box (1), a connecting pipe is fixedly connected to one side of the exhaust fan, a curved pipe (7001) is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting pipe away from the exhaust fan, and the curved pipe (7001) is arranged on the outside of the box (1), and the curved pipe (7001) A bellows (7002) is provided at one end away from the connecting pipe, a fixed pipe (7003) is provided at one end of the bellows (7002) away from the bent pipe (7001), a long pipe (7005) is inserted at one end of the fixed pipe (7003), a suction hopper (7006) is provided at one end of the long pipe (7005), a ventilation hole is provided on the inner wall of one side of the box body (1), and a dustproof net is fixedly connected to the inside of the ventilation hole; a collecting assembly (2) is provided on one side of the box body (1).

31. The device for controlling diseases and insect pests of leguminous plants according to claim 29, characterized in that: A shoulder strap (5) is fixedly connected to an outer wall of one side of the box body (1).

32. The device for controlling diseases and insect pests of leguminous plants according to claim 31, characterized in that: The number of the shoulder straps (5) is two groups.

33. The device for controlling diseases and insect pests of leguminous plants according to claim 32, characterized in that: The outer cover of the shoulder strap (5) is provided with an anti-slip cover (6).

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