Substrate for emitting a volatile material

Abstract

A substrate for emitting a volatile material, the substrate comprising: a first woven layer having a first weave pattern; a second woven layer having a second weave pattern different from the first weave pattern; and a third layer positioned between the first woven layer and the second woven layer, wherein the substrate is configured to provide a steady state weight loss of the volatile material between about 1 milligram per day and about 10 milligrams per day over a period of at least 30 days.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of the applicant’s patent application No. 202080094447.3 (PCT / US2020 / 063344), entitled “Distributor and Method of Use Thereof”, filed on December 4, 2020. Technical Field

[0002] The present invention generally relates to a dispersing device for releasing volatile materials, and more specifically, to a disperser and a substrate for passively dispersing volatile materials, the substrate comprising a multi-layered substrate supported by a protective shell. Background Technology

[0003] Various volatile material emission devices known in the art typically include a reservoir containing the volatile material and a housing or support structure housing the reservoir. These devices generally either allow the volatile material to diffuse passively without the aid of an emission mechanism, or use an emission mechanism to enhance and / or facilitate the release of the volatile material. For example, typical emission mechanisms used in volatile material emission devices include heating devices and / or fans. Such existing emitters may often require these mechanisms or other expensive materials to ensure a constant release of the volatile material over long periods; however, these existing emitters typically require electricity and are much more expensive to manufacture.

[0004] In some cases, passive diffusers of volatile materials can be provided in the form of sheets or films and can comprise multiple layers, one of which can be exposed to the surrounding environment and ultimately diffuse a certain amount of volatile material. However, such existing passive diffusers also share common drawbacks. First, the user may have to come into contact with the material to be diffused when starting or turning on the diffuser, or during its use. Furthermore, the release rate of active ingredients from passive diffusers typically decreases over time, and the effectiveness of the released volatiles diminishes after a period of use.

[0005] What is needed is a diffuser that preferably overcomes one or more of these drawbacks. More specifically, what is needed is a diffuser that passively diffuses volatile materials at a constant rate over an extended period of time, without requiring the user to come into contact with the volatile materials containing active agents such as pesticides. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Embodiments of this disclosure provide a substrate for dispersing volatile materials. The substrate includes opposing first and second layers having a first configuration and a first pore size. The substrate also includes an intermediate layer between the first and second layers having a second configuration. The opposing first and second layers are also permeable to liquids and air.

[0007] In a related embodiment, the present invention provides a diffuser for releasing volatile materials. The diffuser includes a front side, a back side, and a substrate having a plurality of pores. The substrate has opposing first and second layers and an intermediate layer disposed between the first and second layers. The first and second layers each have a first configuration and a first pore size. Furthermore, the intermediate layer has a second configuration, and the opposing first and second layers are permeable to both liquids and air.

[0008] According to another aspect of the invention, a system for the constant dissipation of volatile materials is provided. The system includes a diffuser having at least one pore, a substrate adapted to be assembled within the diffuser, and a volatile material. The substrate further includes a first woven layer having a first pore size, a second woven layer having a second pore size, and a third non-woven fiber layer extending between the first and second woven layers. Furthermore, the system exhibits steady-state weight loss of the volatile material over a period greater than 30 days.

[0009] In a further embodiment, the volatile material comprises an active agent selected from cypermethrin, tetrafluoroethylene, heptafluoroethylene, and cyclohexane. The pore size of the first braided layer may be between about 1 mm and about 10 mm, and the steady-state weight loss of the volatile material may be between about 1 mg / day and about 10 mg / day. Furthermore, the weight of the volatile material may be between about 1 gram and about 5 grams, and at least one pore of the diffuser exposes a portion of the first braided layer. In a further embodiment, at least one pore of the diffuser exposes about 50% to about 99% of the surface area of ​​the first braided layer.

[0010] In other embodiments, the system exhibits a steady-state weight loss of volatile materials over a period of 60 or 70 days. In some embodiments, the first pore size may differ from the second pore size, the diffuser may include a front and a back side, and the front side includes at least one pore. Furthermore, in another embodiment, the first and second braided layers are made of a first material, the third non-woven fiber layer is made of a second material, and the first and second materials are different.

[0011] According to another aspect of the invention, a system for a volatile material with constant dissipation is provided. The system includes a frame having at least one pore, a substrate located within the frame, and the volatile material. The substrate includes a first woven layer having multiple pores, a second woven layer having multiple pores, and a third non-woven fiber layer extending between the first and second woven layers. The system provides steady-state weight loss of the volatile material over a period of more than 30 days.

[0012] In a further embodiment, the steady-state weight loss of the volatile material is between about 4 mg / day and about 6 mg / day; the volatile material is selected from cypermethrin, tetrafluoroethylene, heptafluoroethylene, and deltamethrin; and the amount of the volatile material is between about 2 g and about 3 g. In an even further embodiment, the system has a steady-state weight loss of the volatile material over a period of more than 70 days. In some embodiments, the frame includes a first hole exposing a portion of a first braided layer and a second hole exposing a portion of a second braided layer.

[0013] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a method for designing a system for a volatile material with constant dissipation is provided. The method includes the steps of selecting a minimum time for constant dissipation of the volatile material, selecting a minimum dissipation rate of the volatile material, calculating a minimum concentration of the volatile material using the minimum time for constant dissipation and the minimum dissipation rate of the volatile material, selecting a first layer of a substrate based at least on the minimum dissipation rate of the volatile material, and selecting a second layer of the substrate based at least on the minimum concentration of the volatile material. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a front perspective view of a diffuser according to the first aspect of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Rear-view perspective of the diffuser;

[0016] Figure 3 It is based on the second aspect of this disclosure Figure 1 Rear-view perspective of the diffuser;

[0017] Figure 4 This is a front perspective view of a diffuser according to another aspect of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 A front view of the diffuser;

[0019] Figure 6 This is a frontal perspective view of a transmitter according to another aspect of this disclosure;

[0020] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 Front view of the diffuser;

[0021] Figure 8 yes Figure 6 Rear view of the diffuser;

[0022] Figure 9 Is with Figure 1 and Figure 6 A side view of the base used with the diffuser;

[0023] Figure 10 Is with Figure 1 and Figure 6 A top view of another base used in conjunction with the diffuser;

[0024] Figure 11 Is with Figure 1 and Figure 6 A top view of another base used in conjunction with the diffuser;

[0025] Figure 12A It is in the first state. Figure 9 A top view of a portion of the base;

[0026] Figure 12B It is in the second state. Figure 9 A top view of a portion of the base;

[0027] Figure 13 This describes how, according to one aspect of this disclosure, various active agents in volatile materials can be released over a period of time. Figure 9 A graph showing the release or emission rate of the substrate;

[0028] Figure 14 It is a graph illustrating the wicking rate of various substrates over a period of time;

[0029] Figure 15A This describes how the surfactant in volatile materials changes over a period of time. Figure 9 The base Figure 6 A graph showing the release or emission rate of the emitter;

[0030] Figure 15B This describes how the surfactant in volatile materials changes over a period of time. Figure 9 The base Figure 6 Another diagram showing the release or emission rate of the diffuser;

[0031] Figure 15C This describes how the surfactant in volatile materials changes over a period of time. Figure 9 The base Figure 6 Another diagram showing the release or emission rate of the diffuser;

[0032] Figure 16 This is a graph illustrating the amount of surfactant in various substrates of different thicknesses after 72 hours;

[0033] Figure 17 This is a graph illustrating the amount of surfactant in various substrates with different pore sizes after 72 hours;

[0034] Figure 18 This is a graph illustrating the amount of surfactant in various substrates with different pore sizes after 72 hours;

[0035] Figure 19 It is a graph illustrating the release or emission rate of volatile active agents from various substrates with different densities and fiber surface areas;

[0036] Figure 20 It is a graph illustrating the release or emission rate of the active agent of volatile materials from various emitters, which have different percentages of substrate exposure during their use;

[0037] Figure 21 This illustrates a method for constructing according to one aspect of the present disclosure. Figure 9 The design method of the substrate;

[0038] Figure 22 For example, it can be with Figure 9 A bracelet that combines a base with other components;

[0039] Figure 23 For example, it can be with Figure 9 A front-view stereoscopic view of the base used in conjunction with the clips;

[0040] Figure 24 yes Figure 23 A rear-view 3D view of the clip;

[0041] Figure 25 For example, it can be with Figure 9 The base is combined with another bracelet;

[0042] Figure 26 It shows, for example, that can be with Figure 9 The base is combined with the hanging bracket used;

[0043] Figure 27 It shows, for example, that can be with Figure 9 Another bracket used in conjunction with the base;

[0044] Figure 28 It shows, for example, that can be with Figure 9 The base is combined with the mechanism used;

[0045] Figure 29 It shows examples including those that can be used with Figure 9 The base combines a cage and a small bag kit; and

[0046] Figure 30 It shows what can be used for rationing, for example Figure 9 The base or Figure 25 A storage container for bracelets. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The following discussion and figures disclose various embodiments or configurations of the dispersing device and the substrate that can be used in conjunction with the dispersing device.

[0048] As used herein, the term "about" refers to possible numerical variations, such as those arising from typical measurement and manufacturing procedures used in volatile emitters or other articles that may include embodiments of the present disclosure; from negligence or errors in these procedures; from differences in the manufacture, origin, or purity of the ingredients used to manufacture the composition or mixture or to carry out the method. Throughout this disclosure, the terms "about" and "approximately" refer to a range of ±5% of the numerical value preceding the term.

[0049] As used herein, the terms “percentage by weight,” “% by weight,” “weight percentage,” and variations thereof refer to the concentration of a substance or component, which is the weight of the substance or component divided by, for example, the total weight of a composition or a particular component in a composition, and then multiplied by 100. It should be understood that, as used herein, “percentage,” “%,” etc., may be synonymous with “percentage by weight” and “% by weight.”

[0050] This disclosure relates to emitters and substrates for containing volatile materials. While this disclosure may be implemented in many different forms, several specific embodiments are discussed herein, and it should be understood that this disclosure is to be considered merely as an example of the principles of this disclosure and not intended to limit this disclosure to the embodiments shown.

[0051] Furthermore, the principles of this invention are applicable to any volatile material emitted by passive emission, and although specific examples illustrate the passive emission of a particular volatile material (e.g., an insecticide), it is foreseeable that the emitters and substrates described herein can be used for a wide variety of volatile materials. Examples of volatile materials include, but are not limited to, insecticides, insect repellents, insect attractants, fragrances, mold or mildew inhibitors, cleaning agents, disinfectants, air purifiers, aromatherapy fragrances, preservatives, flavoring volatile materials, air fresheners, deodorants, and combinations thereof. Volatile materials may also contain additives, such as fragrances or preservatives, which will be discussed in further detail herein.

[0052] diffuser

[0053] Figure 1 and 2 The general description includes a dispersing device 100 for dispersing volatile materials into the surrounding environment, and in this particular embodiment, the volatile materials are passively dispersed into the surrounding environment. In a preferred embodiment, as will be discussed further herein, the dispersing device 100 is used in conjunction with a multilayer substrate to disperse pest control agents, such as repellents or insecticides, into the surrounding environment.

[0054] Still referencing Figure 1 and 2 The distributing device 100 is shown having two opposite sides, including a front side 102 (see...). Figure 1 ) and back 104 (see Figure 2A central plate 106 extends between a front side 102 and a back side 104, and a substrate (not shown) may be located between the front side 102 and the back side 104, which will be discussed further herein. In these embodiments, the substrate is a reservoir for volatile materials and dissipates volatile materials from the dissipation device 100 over a specific period of time.

[0055] In this embodiment, the center plate 106 is typically rectangular and includes rounded corners 108. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the dispensing device 100 and the center plate 106 may have different constructions or shapes. For example, the dispensing device 100 may be circular, oval, triangular, square, rectangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, or any other desired geometric configuration. As shown in this embodiment, the center plate 106 may have a hole 110 located at its upper center. The hole 110 allows a user to suspend the dispensing device 100 before or during its use. In alternative embodiments, additional holes may be positioned around the periphery of the center plate 106 to aid in suspending the dispensing device 100.

[0056] Specific reference Figure 1 The front surface 102 extends from the center plate 106 and, in this embodiment, is typically rectangular with rounded corners 112. Similar to the center plate 106, in other embodiments, the front surface 102 may have alternative constructions or shapes. For example, in some embodiments, the front surface 102 may be circular, oval, triangular, square, rectangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, or any other desired geometry. Legs 114 may extend from the bottom end 116 of the front surface 102, supporting the dispersing device 100 and allowing the dispersing device 100 to be placed on top of a surface (not shown) before or during its use. The front surface 102 may also include a plurality of holes 120 that allow air to enter and exit the dispersing device 100. Thus, during use of the dispersing device 100, volatile materials can be dispersed from the substrate within the dispersing device 100 through the holes 120.

[0057] In a specific embodiment, the front surface 102 and its orifice 120 can be modified or adjusted to increase or decrease the emission rate of volatile materials from the emission device 100. Referring now to... Figure 5The illustration depicts a front face 102, showing a front face 102 having a height H and a width W. In some embodiments, the height H may be between about 10 cm and about 100 cm, or between about 10 cm and about 50 cm, or between about 10 cm and about 30 cm. In these embodiments, the width W may be between about 10 cm and about 100 cm, or between about 10 cm and about 50 cm, or between about 10 cm and about 30 cm. As discussed earlier herein, the front face 102 may have alternative constructions, and in some embodiments may be circular, oval, triangular, square, rectangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, or any other desired geometric construction. In these embodiments, the dimensions of the front face 102 may be such that the surface area of ​​the front face 102 is about 100 cm². 2 Approximately 10,000 cm 2 Between, or at approximately 100cm 2 Approximately 2500cm 2 Between, or at approximately 100cm 2 and approximately 900cm 2 between.

[0058] On the one hand, such as Figure 1 and 5 As shown, hole 120 can be a circular hole with different diameters. For example, continue to refer to Figure 1 and 5 The circular hole 120 near the center 122 of the front side 102 can have a minimum relative diameter, and the diameter of the hole 120 can increase as it extends outward from the center 122 of the front side 102. Furthermore, as... Figure 5 As best shown, the holes 120 can be arranged in a plurality of concentric rings or annular rows extending outward from the center 122 of the front side 102. Furthermore, in this particular embodiment, the diameter of the holes 120 within each concentric ring can be uniform. However, as previously stated, the diameter of the holes 120 generally increases as they extend outward from the center 122; in other words, the diameter of the holes 120 within the first concentric ring can be the smallest, while the diameter of the holes 120 within the concentric ring furthest from the center 122 can be the largest.

[0059] In this particular embodiment, the front surface 102 includes approximately 13 concentric rings or annular rows of holes 120, i.e., annular row AM (see Figure 5However, in alternative embodiments, the front surface 102 may include any number of holes 120 to produce the desired emission of volatile materials from the emission device 100. For example, in alternative embodiments, the holes 120 may be organized into rows or columns to create a grid configuration. In such embodiments, the front surface 102 may include 1 to 100 rows and / or about 1 to 100 columns. Furthermore, rows and columns may each include 1 to 100 holes. In other embodiments, the holes 120 may be organized to depict specific shapes, letters, words, or images.

[0060] According to another aspect of this disclosure, the hole 120 in the region NQ adjacent to the corner 112 of the front face 102 may have an alternative construction. For example, as Figure 5 As best shown, the hole 120 near the corner 112 of the front face 102 can be of a triangular construction. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the hole 120 furthest from the corner 112 can have the smallest diameter, while the hole 120 closest to the corner 112 can have the largest diameter. Thus, the diameter of the hole 120 can generally increase as it extends from the center 122 of the front face 102, then decrease as it transitions between a first pattern (i.e., holes in concentric rings or annular rows) and a second pattern (i.e., holes in a triangular pattern), and then increase again as it extends to the corner 112.

[0061] In an alternative embodiment, the holes 120 may be configured in reverse, with the hole 120 furthest from corner 112 having the largest diameter and the hole 120 closest to corner 112 having the smallest diameter. In yet another embodiment, the front face 102 may not include the holes 120 within the triangular configuration. Instead, in one embodiment, the front face 112 may include only the holes 120 extending into a concentric ring at corner 112, such that the diameter of the holes 120 increases only as they extend outward from the center 122 of the front face.

[0062] In an alternative embodiment, the aperture 120 may be a circular aperture with a uniform diameter. In other embodiments, the aperture 120 may be organized in an alternative configuration, such as rows or columns, or may be placed arbitrarily or randomly on the front surface 102. However, in a particular embodiment, the aperture 120 may be between about 35% and about 99% of the surface area of ​​the front surface 102 of the dispensing device 100. In an alternative embodiment, the aperture 120 may be between about 50% and about 99% of the front surface 102, or between about 75% and about 99% of the front surface 102, or between about 90% and 95% of the front surface 102. For example, continuing to refer to... Figure 5The front surface 102 can have a total surface area (SA) defined by width W multiplied by height H. Furthermore, a portion of the total surface area (SA) of the front surface 102 through which the holes 120 extend can be characterized by subtracting the surface area (SA1) without any holes 120 from the total surface area (SA). In this particular embodiment, the surface area (SA1) can be calculated using a radius (r) and Equation 1 below, where the radius (r) is defined as the distance between the center 122 of the front surface 102 and the innermost edge of one of the holes 120 defining the smallest concentric ring or annular row A.

[0063] SA1=πr 2 (Equation 1)

[0064] In addition, the total surface area of ​​the substrate exposed to the surrounding environment (SA) S The exposed surface area (SA) can be approximated by subtracting the surface area (SA1) from the total surface area (SA), which is approximately equal to the surface area without any pores 120. Furthermore, the percentage of the exposed substrate surface area can be calculated by subtracting the total exposed substrate surface area (SA1) from the total exposed substrate surface area (SA2). ES Divide by the total surface area of ​​the base (SA) s ) to determine, in most embodiments, SA s It equals the total surface area (SA). The formula used to determine the percentage of exposed substrate surface area is shown in Equation 2 below.

[0065]

[0066] The concentric rings of aperture AM and the apertures in quadrant NQ can also be characterized by individual radii extending from the center of each aperture. In this way, the actual measurement of the surface area defined by aperture 120 can be calculated, or the surface area without any apertures can be calculated. Returning to... Figure 5 The largest or last concentric ring of hole M can be characterized by its radius (R), such as Figure 5 As shown, it is defined by the outermost edge of one of the holes in the largest concentric ring or annular row M. The radius (R) can also be approximately equal to half the height H of the front face 102 and / or approximately equal to half the width W of the front face 102. In these embodiments, the percentage of the surface area (SA) of the holes (i.e., the concentric ring or annular row of holes AM) within the first pattern can be calculated using Equation 3 below and can be characterized as a first coverage area or diffusion area. The percentage of the surface area of ​​the holes within the second pattern (i.e., region NQ) can be calculated using Equation 4 below and can be characterized as a second coverage area or diffusion area with four quadrants.

[0067] The hole with the first pattern is SA = πR 2 -SA1 (Equation 3)

[0068] The hole with the second pattern is SA = SA - πR2 -SA1 (Equation 4)

[0069] Furthermore, the surface area of ​​each quadrant with the alternative configuration, i.e., region NQ, can be calculated by dividing the surface area calculated in Equation 3 by 4.

[0070] The diameter of the hole 120 can range from about 1 mm to about 25 mm, or from about 1 mm to about 15 mm, or from about 5 mm to about 10 mm. In alternative embodiments, the hole 120 can be an alternative construction. For example, the hole 120 can be oval, triangular, square, rectangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, or any other desired geometry. In such embodiments, the hole 120 can have a diameter ranging from about 0.75 mm. 2 and approximately 500mm 2 Between, or approximately 0.75mm 2 Approximately 175mm 2 Between, or about 20mm 2 and about 75mm 2 The surface area between them.

[0071] Furthermore, as previously mentioned, the diameter of the hole 120 can typically increase as the hole 120 extends outward from the center 122, for example, as... Figure 5 As shown. Consequently, the emission rate or release rate of volatile material from the emission device 100 can vary at different locations on the front surface 102. For example, in this embodiment, the emission rate can typically increase outward from the center 122 and can be proportional to the size of the orifice 120. In other words, because the concentric ring M includes orifices 120 with a diameter larger than that of the concentric ring A, the emission rate of volatile material from the emission device 100 through the orifices 120 of the concentric ring M can be greater than the emission rate of volatile material through the orifices 120 of the concentric ring A. In effect, the emission device 100 can draw volatile material from the center 122 to the corner 112 of the front surface 102. In alternative embodiments, the size of the orifice 120 can be changed and adjusted to provide other desired airflow and emission rates.

[0072] In some embodiments, the front surface 102 may include about 1 to 7,500 holes, or about 1 to 2,000 holes, or about 500 to about 1,000 holes, or about 700 to about 800 holes. Still referencing Figure 5 The hole 120 can also have symmetry about the vertical axis 124 and / or the horizontal axis 126. Furthermore, as... Figure 4 As shown, the surface below the hole 120 can be a different color from the front side 102.

[0073] refer to Figure 2The back surface 104 of the dispersing device 100 may be similar to the front surface 102 and may include a plurality of holes 130 extending outward from the center 132. However, in alternative embodiments, the back surface 104 of the dispersing device 100 may not include the holes 130, such as... Figure 3 As shown. In other embodiments, the back surface 104 may be constructed independently of the front surface 102 and may include holes 130 of different sizes, numbers, and patterns. Therefore, the above disclosure of the front surface 102 and its holes 120 applies equivalently and independently to the back surface 104 and its holes 130. For example, in some embodiments, the back surface 104 may independently have a height and width between about 10 cm and about 100 cm, or between about 10 cm and about 50 cm, or between about 10 cm and about 30 cm. Furthermore, the holes 130 may be circular and may have a diameter, for example, between about 1 mm and about 25 mm, or between about 1 mm and about 15 mm, or between about 5 mm and about 10 mm. Alternatively, the dispensing device 100 may not include the back surface 104, and the center plate 106 may define the back surface of the dispensing device 100.

[0074] The dispersing device 100 is further characterized by its thickness, which can be a distance measured between the front side 102 and the back side 104 of the dispersing device 100. In some embodiments, the thickness of the dispersing device 100 can be between about 0.05 cm and about 10 cm.

[0075] Furthermore, in this particular embodiment, the back surface 104 also includes legs 134 extending from the bottom end 136 of the back surface 104, which can support the dispersing device 100. During use, the legs 114, 136 allow the dispersing device 100 to sit or be placed on a surface (not shown).

[0076] Figure 6-8 Another dispersing device or frame 200 for dispersing volatile materials into the surrounding environment is depicted according to a second aspect of this disclosure. Similar to dispersing device 100, dispersing device 200 is used in conjunction with a multilayer substrate to disseminate volatile materials such as pest control agents, repellents, or insecticides into the surrounding environment.

[0077] The dispersing device 200 includes two opposing sides, a front side 202 and a back side 204, and a base 206 may be located between the front side 202 and the back side 204. As will be discussed further, the base 206 is a reservoir for volatile materials and passively disperses volatile materials from the dispersing device 200 over a specific period of time.

[0078] like Figure 6 and 7As shown, the front side 202 includes a hole 208 that allows airflow through the substrate 206 to provide passive dissipation of volatile materials from the substrate 206. The back side 204 of the dissipation device 200 may be similar to the front side 202, such as... Figure 8 As shown, it may also include holes 210 that allow airflow through the substrate 206 to provide passive dissipation of volatile materials from the substrate 206. Alternatively, the back surface 204 may not include holes 210, and in this embodiment, the back surface 204 is closed and covers the substrate 206.

[0079] Continue to refer to Figure 6-8 Holes 208 and 210 may be located between approximately 50% and approximately 99% of the front side 202 or the back side 204, respectively. In a further embodiment, holes 208 and 210 may be located between approximately 75% and approximately 99% of the front side 202 or the back side 204, or between approximately 90% and 95%. For example, continuing to refer to... Figure 6-8 The front side 202 can have a total surface area (SA2) defined by width W2 multiplied by height H2, and the back side 204 can have a total surface area (SA3) defined by width W3 multiplied by height H3. Thus, the holes 208, 210 can expose approximately 50% to approximately 99%, or approximately 75% to approximately 99%, or approximately 90% to 95% of the substrate 206 to the surrounding environment. Therefore, similar to the emission device 100, the dimensions of the front side 202 and the back side 204, and their holes 208, 210, can be configured to increase or decrease the emission rate of volatile materials from the emission device 200.

[0080] Now for reference Figure 7 and Figure 8 The heights H2 and H4, and the widths W2 and W4 can be dimensionally similar to the height H and width W of the dispensing device 100. More specifically, the heights H2 and H3, and the widths W2 and W3 can be between approximately 10 cm and approximately 100 cm, or between approximately 10 cm and approximately 50 cm, or between approximately 10 cm and approximately 30 cm, respectively. In these embodiments, the dimensions of the front surface 202 and / or the back surface 204 can be such that the surface area of ​​the front surface 202 or the back surface 204 is approximately 100 cm². 2 Approximately 10,000 cm 2 Between, or at approximately 100cm 2 Approximately 2500cm 2 Between, or at approximately 100cm 2 and approximately 900cm 2 between.

[0081] The front surface 202 and the back surface 204, along with their orifices 208 and 210, can be altered or adjusted to increase or decrease the emission rate of volatile materials from the emission device 200. (Reference) Figure 7 and Figure 8In this embodiment, holes 208 and 210 can be defined by heights H3 and H5 and widths W3 and W5, respectively, and expose the surface area of ​​the substrate (SA). ES The percentage of the substrate surface area exposed to the surrounding environment can be calculated by multiplying the heights H3 and H5 by the widths W3 and W5. Therefore, the percentage of the substrate surface area exposed to the surrounding environment can be calculated by multiplying the exposed substrate surface area (SA) by the percentage of the exposed substrate surface area. ES ) divided by the total surface area of ​​the base (SA) s In most embodiments, the total surface area is equal to the total surface area (SA) of the front 202 or the back 204. The total surface area (SA) of the front 202 or the back 204 can be calculated using the heights H2 and H4 and the widths W2 and W4. In this embodiment, the total surface area (SA) of the front 202 or the back 204 can be calculated by multiplying the heights H2 and H4 of the front 202 or the back 204 by their widths W2 and W4. The formula for determining the percentage of the substrate surface area exposed to the surrounding environment is shown in Equation 5 below.

[0082]

[0083] Similar to the dispersing device 100, the front side 202 and the back side 204, and their orifices 208, 210, can be modified or adjusted to increase or decrease the rate of emission of volatile materials from the dispersing device 200. As previously described, the orifices 208, 210 can be between about 35% and about 99% of the surface area of ​​the front side 202 or the back side 204 of the dispersing device 200. In alternative embodiments, the orifices 208, 210 can be between about 50% and about 99% of the front side 202 or the back side 204; or between about 75% and about 99% of the front side 202 or the back side 204; or between about 90% and 95% of the front side 202 or the back side 204. As a result, the exposed substrate surface area (SA) ES The percentage can be between approximately 50% and approximately 99%, or between approximately 75% and approximately 99%, or between approximately 90% and approximately 95%.

[0084] base

[0085] Figure 9 A portion of a substrate 250 is shown that can be used in conjunction with dispersing device 100 or dispersing device 200. As will be discussed further herein, the substrate 250 may consist of one or more layers and may be a three-dimensional woven material for the passive dispersal of an active agent for volatile materials. In one embodiment, the structure of the substrate 250 may include multiple woven and nonwoven layers that may be layered to create the substrate 250. For example, as... Figure 9As shown, substrate 250 may include a first layer 252, a second layer 254, and a third layer 256. However, according to an alternative aspect of this disclosure, substrate 250 may include additional layers, or alternatively, only the first and second layers, such as only the first layer 252 and the second layer 254.

[0086] The construction of the substrate 250 and its layers results in a substrate 250 with a high surface area per projected volume. More specifically, the first layer 252 and / or the third layer 256 may provide an optimal layer for wicking and subsequently dispersing volatile materials or surfactants by utilizing multiple pores that allow air to flow through the substrate 250 and its layers; the second layer 254 may provide an optimal layer for long-term storage of volatile materials or surfactants.

[0087] According to various aspects of this disclosure, the physical properties of the layers of substrate 250 can be optimized to achieve desired wicking, saturation, and evaporation rates. More specifically, for example, the thickness, porosity, weave pattern, material, and / or spatial density of the layers of substrate 250 can be optimized to achieve desired wicking, saturation, and evaporation rates of the surfactant from substrate 250. Furthermore, the thickness, porosity, weave pattern, material, and / or spatial density of the layers of substrate 250 can be optimized to achieve desired product lifetime or emission lifetime, such as the length of time that substrate 250 emits the surfactant from it at a constant rate. As will be discussed further herein, substrate 250 and its properties can be tuned such that substrate 250 passively and consistently emits the surfactant, such as tetrafluoroethylene, over a period of time (most preferably, such as one week, ten days, two weeks, three weeks, four weeks, six weeks, or eight weeks).

[0088] As described above, the substrate 250 may include a first layer 252, a second layer 254, and a third layer 256. Furthermore, in certain embodiments, the first layer 252, the second layer 254, and the third layer 256 may have their own properties; however, in some embodiments, the first layer 252, the second layer 254, and the third layer 256 may be made of the same material, may be interwoven, and may contain continuous fibers therebetween. For example, the first layer 252 and the third layer 256 may be woven layers, and the second layer 254 may be a non-woven layer extending therebetween. Furthermore, the fibers of the second layer 254 may connect to the fibers of the first layer 252 and the third layer 256.

[0089] The first layer of the base

[0090] The first layer 252 may be formed using one or more materials to provide sufficient wicking, saturation, and evaporation rate. For example, in a particular embodiment, the first layer 252 may be the top layer of the substrate 250 and may be a woven fibrous material made of cotton, polyester, or nylon-based materials. In these embodiments, the first layer 252 may have a pore size, weave pattern, thickness, porosity, and density.

[0091] The pore size of the first layer 252 may be between about 0.5 mm and about 20 mm, or between about 1 mm and about 10 mm, or between about 1 mm and about 5 mm, or between about 2 mm and about 5 mm, or any pore size between the above values, to provide the desired emission rate of volatile material from the substrate 250, as will be discussed further herein. For example, if a fast emission rate is desired for the emission device 100, 200, the pore size of the first layer 252 may be significantly larger than the pore size of the first layer 252 of the substrate 250 for an emission device 100, 200 with a desired slow emission rate.

[0092] Furthermore, the pore size of the first layer 252 can depend on the configuration of the dispersing devices 100 and 200 used in conjunction with the substrate 250. More specifically, the pore size of the first layer 252 and the total surface area of ​​the substrate 250 exposed to the surrounding environment, through the pore configuration of the dispersing devices 100 and 200, each affect the dispersal rate of volatile materials or surfactants from the substrate 250. Therefore, when designing the substrate 250, the first layer 252 and its properties (i.e., pore size) can be adjusted in conjunction with the dispersing devices used with it.

[0093] To provide a non-limiting example, Figure 10 A substrate 300 with an aperture of approximately 3 mm x 1 was depicted. Figure 11 A substrate 320 with approximately 5 mm aperture x 2 is depicted, both of which can be used for the first layer 252 of substrate 250 or the third layer 256 of substrate 250. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the top layer 252 may also include multiple apertures. For example, refer to... Figure 11 The substrate 320 may include apertures X2 and X3.

[0094] As described above, the weave pattern, thickness, and density of the first layer 252 can also be optimized to produce a desired emission rate. For example, in embodiments where the first layer 252 is a woven material, the weave pattern of the first layer 252 can be adjusted to control the wicking rate. In a preferred embodiment, the optimal weave pattern achieves a preferred balance between the release rate of the volatile material therein and the inner surface area, which serves as a reservoir for the volatile material therein.

[0095] As will be discussed further in this article, the first layer 252 can be composed of fabrics produced by Gehring-Tricot Warp Knit Fabrics, located in St. Johnsonville and Dolgeville, New York, for example... Spacer fabrics. Specific, non-limiting examples of materials or textiles that may be used to construct the first layer 252 include the following fabrics manufactured by Gehring-Tricot: Gehring Green, SHR 714F, SHR 796F, SHR 918, SHR 891, SHR 896, SHR701 / 6, SHR 711 / 6, SHR 878, SHR 863, SHR 884, SHR 895, SHR 844, SHR 860 / 1, SHR 724 / 5, and SHR 702 / 1. These fabrics will be discussed in further detail in the examples herein.

[0096] Examples of materials suitable for forming the first layer 252 include textile-based materials such as cotton, polyester, nylon, rayon, or combinations thereof. In a further embodiment, the first layer 252 may be formed from a plant-based material.

[0097] The thickness of the first layer 252 can also be optimized for the specific application of the substrate 250. As will be discussed further herein, the thickness of the first layer 252 is positively correlated with the release rate; therefore, if a higher release rate or emission rate is desired, a material with a greater thickness can be used for the first layer 252. In a particular embodiment, the thickness of the first layer 252 can be between about 0.1 mm and about 6 mm, or between about 0.3 mm and about 5 mm, or between about 0.3 mm and about 3 mm, or between about 1 mm and about 2.5 mm, or between about 1 mm and 2 mm.

[0098] The second layer of the base

[0099] The second layer 254 can also be formed using one or more materials to provide sufficient wicking, saturation, and evaporation rate. For example, in a particular embodiment, the second layer 254 can be an intermediate spacer layer located between the first layer 252 and the third layer 256. In these embodiments, the second layer 254 can be a fibrous, nonwoven material, such as a cotton, polyester, or nylon-based material. Furthermore, in these embodiments, the second layer 254 can have a thickness and can be varied to adjust the density, thickness, and surface area to volume ratio of the substrate 250.

[0100] As described above, the thickness and density of the second layer 254 can also be optimized to produce a desired emission rate. More specifically, in some embodiments, the thickness and density of the spacers in the second layer 254 can be varied to control the saturation of the substrate 250 (i.e., the amount of volatile material that can be stored within the substrate 250), and thus control the duration of emission of the volatile material from the substrate 250. In these embodiments, the second layer 254 can act as a reservoir for volatile materials containing surfactants. Thus, the density of the second layer 254 can be increased or decreased to control the saturation of the volatile material or surfactant. For example, if a higher saturation is required, the fiber density of the second layer 254 can be increased to increase the surface density of the substrate 250. As will be discussed further herein, the second layer 254 can be modified by increasing or decreasing the amount of fiber therein, such that the surface density of the substrate 250 ranges from about 75 grams per square meter (g / m²). 2 Between 500 grams per square meter, or about 150 g / m² 2 and approximately 400g / m 2 Between, or approximately 150g / m 2 and approximately 350g / m 2 Between, or approximately 200g / m 2 and approximately 320g / m 2 Between, or approximately 250g / m 2 and approximately 300g / m 2 Between, or about 280g / m 2 .

[0101] In addition to changing the density of the second layer 254, the thickness of the second layer 254 can also be varied. The thickness of the second layer 254 is generally defined as the distance between the first layer 252 and the second layer 254, that is, the distance through which the fibers of the second layer 254 extend. In a particular embodiment, the thickness of the second layer 254 can be in the range of about 0.1 mm and about 6 mm, or about 0.5 mm and about 5 mm, or about 0.5 mm and about 5 mm, or about 1 mm and about 4 mm, or about 2 mm and about 3 mm, or about 0.1 mm and about 0.3 mm.

[0102] Examples of materials or fibers suitable for forming the second layer 254 include textile-based materials such as cotton, polyester, nylon, rayon, or combinations thereof. In a further embodiment, the first layer 252 may be formed from a plant-based material.

[0103] The third layer of the base

[0104] The third layer 256 can be formed using one or more materials to provide sufficient wicking, saturation, and evaporation rate. In a particular embodiment, the third layer 256 may be the bottom layer of the substrate 250 and may be a woven fibrous material made of cotton, polyester, or nylon-based materials. In these embodiments, the third layer 256 may have a pore size, weave pattern, thickness, porosity, and density.

[0105] The pore size of the third layer 256 can be between about 0 mm and about 20 mm, or between about 1 mm and about 10 mm, or between about 1 mm and about 5 mm, or between about 2 mm and about 5 mm, or any pore size between the above values, to provide the desired emission rate of volatile materials from the substrate 250, as will be discussed further herein. For example, if a fast emission rate is desired for the emission device 100, 200, the pore size of the third layer 256 can be significantly larger than the pore size of the third layer 256 of the substrate 250 for an emission device 100, 200 with a desired slow emission rate. Furthermore, the pore size of the third layer 256 can depend on the construction of the emission device 100, 200 used in conjunction with the substrate 250. For example, in one embodiment, when placed in the emission device 100, the third layer 256 can be close to the back surface 104 of the emission device 100. Thus, in these embodiments, the pore size of the third layer 256 can be between about 1 mm and about 5 mm to allow for, for example, when the back surface 104 includes the holes 130. Figure 2 As shown, the volatile material within the substrate 250 releases its active agent. However, in an alternative embodiment, when the back surface 104 does not include the pore 130, the pore size of the third layer 256 can be 0 mm, as shown. Figure 3 As shown.

[0106] As described above, the weave pattern, thickness, and density of the third layer 256 can also be optimized to produce a desired dissipation rate. For example, in embodiments where the third layer 256 is a woven material, the weave pattern of the third layer 256 can be adjusted to control the wicking rate.

[0107] As will be discussed further in this article, similar to the first layer 252, the third layer 256 can be composed of textiles produced by Gehring-Tricot Warp Knit Fabrics, located in St. Johnsonville and Dolgeville, New York, for example... Spacer fabrics. Specific, non-limiting examples of materials or textiles that may be used to construct the first layer 252 include the following fabrics manufactured by Gehring-Tricot: Gehring Green, SHR 714F, SHR 796F, SHR918, SHR 891, SHR 896, SHR 701 / 6, SHR 711 / 6, SHR 878, SHR 863, SHR 884, SHR 895, SHR844, SHR 860 / 1, SHR 724 / 5, and SHR 702 / 1. These fabrics will be discussed in further detail in the examples herein.

[0108] Typically, examples of materials suitable for forming the third layer 256 include textile-based materials such as cotton, polyester, nylon, rayon, or combinations thereof. In further embodiments, the third layer 256 may be formed from plant-based materials.

[0109] The thickness of the third layer 256 can also be optimized for the specific application of the substrate 250. As will be discussed further herein, the thickness of the third layer 256 is positively correlated with the release rate; therefore, if a higher release rate or emission rate is desired, a material with a greater thickness can be used for the third layer 256. In a particular embodiment, the thickness of the third layer 256 can be between about 0.1 mm and about 6 mm, or between about 0.3 mm and about 5 mm, or between about 0.3 mm and about 3 mm, or between about 1 mm and about 2.5 mm, or between about 1 mm and 2 mm.

[0110] The aforementioned layers of substrate 250 can also be individually modified to produce a substrate with optimal density, thickness, wicking rate, release or emission rate, or saturation.

[0111] In certain embodiments, the layers and properties of the substrate 250 may be modified to provide a substrate 250 with a saturation range of about 1 mg to about 10,000 mg, or about 1 mg to about 5,000 mg, or about 1 mg to about 3,000 mg, or about 50 mg to about 100 mg, or about 1,500 mg to about 2,300 mg, or about 100 mg to about 700 mg, or about 150 mg to about 400 mg, or about 150 mg to about 300 mg. In related embodiments, the layers and properties of the substrate 250 may be modified to provide a saturation range of about 0.005 mg / cm³. 2 and approximately 55 mg / cm 2 Between, or approximately 0.005 mg / cm 2 and approximately 30 mg / cm 2 Between, or approximately 0.2 mg / cm 2 and approximately 0.4 mg / cm2 Between, or approximately 6.5 mg / cm³ 2 and approximately 10 mg / cm 2 Between, or approximately 0.4 mg / cm 2 and approximately 3 mg / cm 2 Between, or approximately 0.6 mg / cm³ 2 and approximately 1.7 mg / cm 2 Between, or approximately 0.6 mg / cm³ 2 and approximately 1.3 mg / cm 2 The base is 250.

[0112] In some embodiments, the layers and properties of the substrate 250 may be varied to provide a substrate 250 with a thickness ranging from about 0.1 mm to about 6 mm, or from about 1 mm to about 4 mm, or from about 1.5 mm to about 3 mm, or from about 1.7 mm to about 2.5 mm, or any thickness between the above values, to provide a desired rate of emission of volatile materials from the substrate 250, as will be discussed further herein.

[0113] In a further embodiment, the layers and properties of the substrate 250 can be modified to provide a surface density in the range of approximately 75 g / m². 2 Between 500 g / m² and approximately 150 g / m² 2 and approximately 400g / m 2 Between, or approximately 150g / m 2 and approximately 350g / m 2 Between, or approximately 200g / m 2 and approximately 320g / m 2 Between, or approximately 250g / m 2 and approximately 300g / m 2 Between, or approximately 280g / m 2 The substrate 250 may have a density between 10 g / m³ and 10 g / m³, or any density between the aforementioned values, to provide the desired rate of volatile material emission from the substrate 250, which will be discussed further herein. In a preferred embodiment, the density of the substrate 250 is in the range of about 40 g / m³. 2 and 70g / m 2 between.

[0114] In some embodiments, the substrate 250 may also include an exhaustion indicator that informs the user that the dispersing device 100, 200 has evaporated all or almost all of the volatile materials therefrom. For example, as Figure 12A and 12BAs shown, the first layer 252 of the substrate 250 may include light-colored and dark-colored textile fibers, which provides a contrast that can be used as a visual or dosage cue to indicate the presence of volatile materials on the substrate 250. For example, when the substrate 250 does not contain volatile materials, the light-colored textile fibers 350 provide a visual cue or appearance, such as... Figure 12A As shown, and when the substrate 250 is supplied with volatile materials, the bright-colored textile fibers are less noticeable, thus indicating the presence of volatile materials on or within it, such as... Figure 12B As shown.

[0115] The dispensing devices 100, 200 and the substrate 250 therein may comprise any suitable volatile material. In some embodiments, the volatile material may comprise an active agent, such as a fragrance, insecticide, deodorant, fungicide, bactericide, disinfectant, pet repellent, or other active volatile substance, or other compounds disposed within a carrier liquid, such as oil-based, organic-based, and / or water-based carriers or solvents, deodorizing liquids, etc., and / or combinations thereof. In certain embodiments, the dispensing devices 100, 200 comprise an insect control agent, repellent, or insecticide. Examples of possible insecticides suitable for volatile materials include pyrethroids, such as cypermethrin, tetrafluoroethylene, heptafluoroethylene, and pyrethroids, or natural active substances (geraniol, etc.) or mixtures of these insecticides.

[0116] Additional examples of surfactants that can be used in volatile materials may include those sold by SC Johnson & Son of Racine, Wisconsin. OUST TM or Volatile materials may also include other active substances, such as disinfectants, air and / or fabric fresheners, cleaning agents, deodorizers, mold or mildew inhibitors, insect repellents, or other substances with aromatherapy properties. Alternatively, volatile materials include any fluid known to those skilled in the art that can be released from a reservoir, such as fluids suitable for dispersion as particles or droplets suspended in a gas and / or propelled by a propellant.

[0117] In some embodiments, the content of the active agent, such as tetrafluoroethylene, in the volatile material may be between about 5% by weight and about 95% by weight, between about 60% by weight and about 90% by weight, or between about 70% by weight and about 85% by weight, or even more specifically, between about 75% by weight and about 85% by weight. In a specific embodiment, the insect control agent may be about 80% by weight of the volatile material, and in a preferred embodiment, tetrafluoroethylene may be about 80% by weight of the volatile material.

[0118] The volatile material may also comprise a liquid, a solid, or a vapor. In one aspect, the volatile material may comprise one or more solvents, such as organic or aqueous solutions, in which the insect control agent can be dissolved. For example, in some aspects, the surfactant may be solid at room temperature (23°C), and a solvent may be added to the surfactant to provide and maintain the volatile material in a liquid state, thereby allowing the volatile material to spread, coat, and reside within the substrate 250. In a further embodiment, the volatile material may comprise a fragrance. However, in other embodiments, the volatile material may not be mixed with any other components and may consist solely of the surfactant.

[0119] Dispensing devices 100 and 200 are capable of delivering volatile materials at an initial delivery rate measured within one hour of exposing the volatile materials and dispensing devices 100 and 200 to the atmosphere. Dispensing devices 100 and 200 are also capable of delivering volatile materials through or from the first layer 252 at a subsequent delivery rate measured after a fixed period of time following exposure of the volatile materials and substrate 250 of dispensing devices 100 and 200 to the atmosphere. This fixed period can be any length of time for which the vapor dispensing devices are expected to deliver the volatile composition. For example, the fixed period can be six hours, twelve hours, one day, two days, three days, four days, five days, six days, one week, ten days, two weeks, fifteen days, twenty days, three weeks, twenty-five days, four weeks, thirty days, five weeks, forty days, six weeks, forty-five days, seven weeks, fifty days, fifty-five days, eight weeks, ten weeks, twelve weeks, fifteen weeks, twenty weeks, twenty-five weeks, thirty weeks, one year, etc. More specifically, the dispersing devices 100, 200 and the substrate 250 may be selected, and more specifically, their characteristics may be selected to provide the dispersing devices 100, 200 that disperse volatile materials at a substantially constant rate over a specified and desired amount of time.

[0120] As described in this article, if the emission or release of volatile materials or surfactants can be plotted or fitted using a linear regression line, and the determined correlation is R... 2 If the value is greater than 0.8, or greater than 0.85, or greater than 0.90, or greater than 0.95, or greater than 0.98, then the substrate 250 or the emitting device 100, 200 can be characterized as having a constant emitting rate or a steady-state emitting rate.

[0121] In some aspects, the specific surface area and formulation concentration of the dispersing devices 100, 200 may be designed to consistently disseminate an active agent or volatile material at rates of approximately 0.1 mg / day to approximately 10 mg / day, approximately 1 mg / day to approximately 10 mg / day, approximately 1 mg / day to approximately 7 mg / day, approximately 1 mg / day to approximately 5 mg / day, approximately 1.5 mg / day to approximately 4 mg / day, or approximately 1.5 mg / day to approximately 2 mg / day. In further embodiments, the dispersing devices 100, 200 and the substrate 250 therein may disseminate an active agent or volatile material at a rate greater than 10 mg / day. For example, in some embodiments, the substrate 250 may disseminate an active agent or volatile material at a rate greater than 10 mg / day when the airflow through it increases.

[0122] Similarly, as previously described herein, the dosage of substrate 250 and / or dispersing devices 100, 200 can be selected based on the desired dispersing duration, such as from weeks, months, or quarters. For example, if dispersing devices 100, 200 are designed to have a dispersing rate of about 2 mg of active agent / day, then dispersing devices 100, 200 designed for use for one month will be dispensed with at least 60 mg of active agent (e.g., tetrafluoroethylene). As another example, if dispersing devices 100, 200 are designed to have a dispersing rate of about 2 mg of active agent / day, then dispersing devices 100, 200 designed for use for three months (i.e., one quarter) will be dispensed with at least about 1500 to about 2300 mg of active agent (e.g., tetrafluoroethylene). Therefore, the initial dosage level of volatile materials and / or the active agents therein can vary between 1 mg and 5 g, and can depend on the nature of substrate 250, the desired dispersing rate, and / or the desired dispersing lifetime.

[0123] As described above, in some embodiments, the dispensing devices 100, 200 may be initially dispensed with a volatile material and / or active agent having a predetermined initial dose. In certain aspects, the initial dose of the volatile material and / or the active agent therein may be in the range of about 1 mg and about 5 g, about 20 mg and about 3 g, about 20 mg and about 1 g, about 20 mg and about 200 mg, about 40 mg and about 100 mg, or about 55 mg and about 70 mg. In other aspects, the initial dose of the volatile material and / or the active agent therein may be in the range of about 1 mg to about 5 g, about 1 g to about 3 g, or about 1.5 g to about 2.3 g. In one embodiment, the dispensing device 100, 200 or the substrate 250 may be initially dispensed with about 75 mg of active agent. In another embodiment, the dispersing device 100, 200, or substrate 250 may be initially supplied with about 3 grams to about 4.6 grams of volatile material, which may include approximately about 1.5 grams to 2.3 grams of an active agent (e.g., tetrafluoromethrin or cyfluthrin) and approximately about 1.5 grams to about 2.3 grams of a diluent (e.g., Exxsol). TM D60). In this specific embodiment, the initial dose is per 230 cm. 2 Material delivery (e.g., per 230cm) 2 The substrate 250 delivers approximately 3g to approximately 4.6g of volatile material. Furthermore, in these embodiments, the inclusion of a diluent can promote faster wicking, better distribution, and inhibit crystallization.

[0124] After a certain amount of volatile material is dispensed into the substrate 250, the substrate 250 is placed within the dispersing devices 100 and 200, which prevents future users of the dispersing devices 100 and 200 from contacting the active agent. Furthermore, the dispersing devices 100 and 200, and their orifices 120 and 130, facilitate appropriate airflow to allow the volatile material to be protectively dispersed from the dispersing devices 100 and 200.

[0125] While the amount of initial dose has been outlined above with reference to specific embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that the initial dose can vary and can depend on a combination of factors, including but not limited to the surface area of ​​the substrate 250 to which the volatile material is applied, the nature of one or more layers of the substrate 250 to which the volatile material is applied (e.g., the thickness of the first layer 252, the second layer 254, or the third layer 256), the desired delivery rate of the volatile material from the dispersing device 100, 200, the type of material used in one or more layers of the dispersing device 200 (e.g., the type of material used in the first layer 252, the type of material used in the second layer 254, the type of material used in the third layer 256), or the type of volatile material used in the dispersing device 100, 200.

[0126] Example

[0127] The examples herein are intended to illustrate certain embodiments of the dispensing device 100, 200, or substrate 250 to those skilled in the art and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the disclosure set forth in the claims. The dispensing device 100, 200, or substrate 250 may include the following non-limiting examples.

[0128] Using examples from this paper, the dissipation rate and the amount of residual surfactant, such as tetrafluorobenzyl, in the substrates of examples described herein are measured by analyzing the weight loss of a specific substrate over time. More specifically, the amount of residual surfactant in a specific substrate can be calculated by first measuring substrate 250 before it is dispensed with the surfactant (or volatile material), and then subtracting that value from the weight of substrate 250 at any given time after dispensing. For example, referring to Example 1, the initial weight of substrate 250 is measured, substrate 250 is dispensed with the surfactant (i.e., tetrafluorobenzyl or methoxyfenozide), and the weight of substrate 250 is measured multiple times after the initial dispensing and after the surfactant has dissipated into the surrounding environment. The initial weight of substrate 250 is then subtracted from the weight of substrate 250 after the initial dispensing; this value represents the amount of residual surfactant in substrate 250. Furthermore, after determining the amount of surfactant remaining in substrate 250, the amount of surfactant (or volatile material) released into the surrounding environment can also be calculated by subtracting the amount of surfactant remaining in substrate 250 from the initial amount of surfactant dispensed. All weight measurements can be performed on an analytical balance. Additionally, the examples described herein were conducted in a closed environment with controlled airflow rates, such as a sealed chamber.

[0129] Example 1

[0130] As described herein, the characteristics associated with the dispersing devices 100, 200 and the substrate 250 can be modified to provide optimal dispersal of volatile materials from the dispersing devices 100, 200. Furthermore, according to one aspect of the invention, the characteristics of the dispersing devices 100, 200 and the substrate 250 can be modified to provide optimal and constant dispersal of volatile materials or surfactants.

[0131] To demonstrate the consistent emission rate of volatile materials from the substrate of this disclosure, approximately 75 mg of each of two different volatile materials was dispensed onto a surface area of ​​approximately 30 cm². 2 The substrate was 250, and the emission rate was measured over a 40-day period. The collected data are as follows: Figure 13 As shown.

[0132] In this example, the substrate 250 comprises three layers, such as a first layer 252, a second layer 254, and a third layer 256. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the first layer 252 is a woven material with a honeycomb pattern, a pore size of 3 mm, and a thickness of 0.3 mm; the second layer 254 is a fibrous material composed of polyester yarns, and the substrate 250 has a density of approximately 340 g / m³.2 The surface density; the third layer 256 is a woven material with a honeycomb pattern, a pore size of 3 mm, and a thickness of 0.3 mm.

[0133] like Figure 13 As shown, a linear release rate was observed when substrate 250 was formulated with approximately 75 mg of tetrafluoromethrin or 75 mg of cypermethrin. When substrate 250 was formulated with tetrafluoromethrin, substrate 250 consistently released volatile material at a constant linear rate of approximately 1.5 mg / day over a month, particularly over approximately 36 days. When substrate 150 was formulated with cypermethrin, substrate 250 released volatile material at a constant linear rate of approximately 1.9 mg / day over 20 days. As a result, the embodiments of substrate 250 can be effectively used to provide a sustained constant linear release rate of volatile material. Furthermore, the degree of volatile material and the properties of substrate 250 (e.g., surface area, porosity, thickness, density, etc.) can be varied depending on the dosage. For example, the properties of substrate 250 can be modified so that a higher dose (e.g., between approximately 150 mg and approximately 800 mg) can be applied to substrate 250 to provide a linear release rate of volatile material over a longer period, such as 3 to 6 months or even 12 months.

[0134] As previously described, materials and layers for substrate 250 can be selected to optimize the properties of substrate 250, including its saturation or emission rate. Optimal materials for substrate 250 and the first and third layers 252, 256 are shown in Table 1 below and are supplied by Gehring-Tricot WarpKnit Fabrics, located in St. Johnsonville and Dolgeville, New York, except for the “SCJ 1.0” sample, which is a substrate similar to the one described in U.S. Patent Application No. 15 / 164580, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. More specifically, the optimal material for substrate 250 can be selected based on the desired emission rate, the initial dose of the volatile material, and the desired emission period. For example, if an emission rate of 0.15 mg / hr is required over a 40-day period, SHR 714F can be selected for the first layer 252 and / or the third layer 256 of substrate 250, and substrate 250 can be formulated with approximately 147 mg of volatile material.

[0135] in addition, Figure 14 The wicking rate of each material listed in Table 1 is shown as a function of time after approximately 1.2 grams of volatile material is applied to the material.

[0136] Table 1

[0137]

[0138] Example 2

[0139] To demonstrate a consistent emission rate of volatile materials from the substrate of the present invention used in conjunction with the emission device 200, the substrate 250 was inserted into the emission device 200 for more than one month, and the emission rate of the substrate 250 was measured. In this example, the substrate 250 comprises three layers, such as a first layer 252, a second layer 254, and a third layer 256. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the first layer 252 is a woven material with a honeycomb pattern, a pore size of 3 mm, and a thickness of 0.3 mm; the second layer 254 is a fibrous material made of polyester, and the substrate 250 has a density of approximately 340 g / m³. 2 The surface density; the third layer 256 is a woven material with a honeycomb pattern, a pore size of 3 mm, and a thickness of 0.3 mm. Substrate 250 was supplied with approximately 2400 mg of tetrafluoroethylene, and the tetrafluoroethylene concentration at different locations within the sealed chamber of substrate 250 was measured over a period of 75 days. In this experiment, substrate 250 was exposed to an airflow of approximately 4.8 m / min. The collected data show... Figure 15A , 15B And in 15C.

[0140] like Figures 15A-15C As shown, the dispersing device 200 with substrate 250 disperses the volatile material at a constant rate of about 4 mg / day to 6 mg / day over a period of 75 days, and disperses the active agent (i.e., tetrafluoroethylene). Figure 15A The concentration of the active agent within the substrate 250 of the dispersing device 200 is depicted, wherein the dispersing device 200 is located in a first position within a sealed chamber. In this position, the dispersing device 200 (or substrate 250) consistently disperses approximately 4 mg / day over a period of more than 70 days. Figure 15B The concentration of the active agent within the substrate 250 of the dispersing device 200, wherein the dispersing device 200 is located in a second position within a sealed chamber, is depicted. In this position, the dispersing device 200 (or substrate 250) consistently disperses approximately 6 mg / day over a period greater than 70 days. Finally, Figure 15C The concentration of the active agent within the substrate 250 of the dispersing device 200 is depicted, wherein the dispersing device 200 is located in a third position within a sealed chamber. In this position, the dispersing device 200 (or substrate 250) consistently disperses approximately 4 mg / day over a period of more than 70 days.

[0141] like Figure 15A As shown in -C, the substrate 250 of the present invention has the ability to release volatile materials or active agents such as tetrafluorobenzyl permethrin for an extended period. In this specific embodiment, the substrate 250 is designed to release volatile materials containing tetrafluorobenzyl permethrin as an active agent to repel insects (e.g., mosquitoes) for an extended period without the need to replace or refill the substrate 250. See also Figures 15A-15CIn this specific embodiment, the substrate 250 used is saturated with approximately 2400 mg of tetrafluoroethylene and releases tetrafluoroethylene at an emission rate of approximately 4 mg / day to 6 mg / day. Furthermore, as shown by the fitted linear regression lines, the emission rate remains constant over 75 days, and the fitted linear regression lines have high correlation values ​​(i.e., R0 values ​​of 0.978, 0.988, and 0.989). 2 (Value). Using these linear regression lines, it can be determined that the substrate 250 disclosed herein provides a constant emission of the active agent, such as tetrafluoroethylene, over a long period of time greater than about one month, two months, three months, etc. More specifically, using linear regression lines, the substrate 250 of this embodiment has the ability to emit the active agent tetrafluoroethylene at a constant linear rate over a period of more than one year.

[0142] Example 3

[0143] Several features and dimensions of substrate 250 were modified to demonstrate the effect of these features on the release or emission rate of volatile materials from substrate 250.

[0144] First, the thickness of the substrate 250 was varied by changing the thickness of its layers (e.g., the second layer 252), and the percentage of volatile material (i.e., tetrafluoroethylene) remaining in the substrate 250 after 72 hours was measured. The collected data are as follows: Figure 16 As shown.

[0145] Second, the pore size of the first layer 252 of the substrate 250 was varied, and the percentage of volatile material remaining in the substrate 250 after 72 hours was measured. The collected data are as follows: Figure 17 As shown.

[0146] Third, the pore size of the third layer 256 of substrate 250 was varied, and the percentage of volatile material remaining in substrate 250 after 72 hours was measured. The collected data are as follows: Figure 18 As shown.

[0147] like Figure 16-18 As shown, the release rate of volatile materials from the substrate 250 is positively and linearly correlated with the thickness of the substrate 250, the pore size of the first layer 252, and the pore size of the third layer 256 of the substrate 250.

[0148] Statistical analysis was also performed, as shown in Tables 2 and 3. As shown in Tables 2 and 3, a high correlation of approximately 0.9 was established between the thickness and pore size of the first layer 252 and the second layer 254 and the release rate of volatile materials from the substrate 250. Furthermore, the F-ratio was minimal.

[0149] Table 2

[0150]

[0151] Table 3

[0152]

[0153] Example 4

[0154] As discussed earlier, the properties associated with the dispersing devices 100, 200 and the substrate 250 can be modified to provide optimal dispersal of volatile materials from the dispersing devices 100, 200. According to another aspect of the invention, the surface area / density of the substrate 250 is varied to demonstrate the effect of surface area / density on the rate of dispersal or release of volatile materials from the substrate 250. More specifically, by varying the layers of the substrate 250, the surface density of the substrate 250 is varied to approximately 10 m³ / s. 2 / volume m 2 and about 100m 2 / volume m 2 The data varies between these values, and the rate of release or emission from the substrate is measured. The collected data include... Figure 19 As shown. Furthermore, as... Figure 19 As shown, a positive linear relationship was observed between the surface density of substrate 250 and the release rate of volatile materials from it. The release rate versus density (g / m³) 2 Or GSM) × surface area BET (i.e., actual m) 2 / volume m 2 The correlation provides directional guidance for selecting commercially available meshes for the substrate 250, thereby providing and targeting the desired release or emission rate for the specific application that will use the substrate 250.

[0155] Continue to refer to Figure 19 g / m 2 *BET is a representation of the amount of surface area available for a given volume unit; low values ​​correspond to a small amount of surface area corresponding to a given volume of substrate 250, while high values ​​correspond to a large amount of surface area corresponding to a given volume of substrate 250. Furthermore, BET refers to the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller theory, an analytical technique used to measure the specific surface area of ​​materials (e.g., substrate 250), and more specifically, the fiber surface area per mass of sample (m²). 2 / g). Figure 19 The results illustrated demonstrate the linear relationship between the amount of available surface area and the release (or dissipation) rate of the surfactant or volatile material within the substrate 250. In short, with g / m²... 2 *Increasing BET will also increase the emission rate.

[0156] Example 5

[0157] As further discussed herein, the percentage of substrate 250 exposed can alter the emission of volatile materials from emission devices 100 and 200. Therefore, according to another aspect of this disclosure, the percentage of the exposed surface area of ​​substrate 250 is varied to demonstrate the effect of the exposure percentage on the emission or release rate of volatile materials from substrate 250. More specifically, the percentage of exposed substrate 250 varies between approximately 10% and approximately 100%, and the release rate from the substrate is measured. The collected data are as follows... Figure 20 As shown. Furthermore, as... Figure 20 As shown, a positive linear relationship was observed between the percentage of surface area exposed on substrate 250 and the release rate of volatile materials.

[0158] Methods for producing substrates

[0159] All the findings in this paper can be used to optimize substrate 250 and produce substrate 250 that passively dissipates volatile materials with a constant over a specific time period. Furthermore, substrate 250 and its layers can be modified or adapted to provide substrate 250 for a specific application.

[0160] A design methodology has been developed to determine the materials and properties required to achieve the desired emission rate and product life of the substrate 250. Figure 21 The design method for constructing the base 250 is illustrated schematically.

[0161] First, as supported by the non-limiting examples in this paper, it should be understood that the emission of volatile materials or surfactants from substrate 250 can be modeled using a linear regression line, and the concentration of volatile materials within substrate 250 at any given time can be determined using Equation 6:

[0162] C(t)=X-ER*t (Equation 6)

[0163] Wherein, the concentration of volatile material or surfactant within substrate 250 is C(t), the initial concentration or dose of volatile material or surfactant is X, and the expected emission rate or release rate of volatile material or surfactant is ER.

[0164] Step 1 of the design method includes selecting the minimum expected product lifespan of the substrate 250, or the minimum expected product lifespan of the dispersing devices 100, 200 including the substrate 250. For example, as previously mentioned, a disperser with a product lifespan of one week may be required; alternatively, a disperser with a product lifespan of three months may be required.

[0165] Step 2 of the design method includes selecting the minimum desired emission rate (ER) for the substrate 250 or the emission device 100, 200. For example, in some embodiments herein, an emission rate of about 1.4 mg / day to 1.6 mg / day is desired, while in other embodiments, an emission rate of about 4 mg / day to 6 mg / day is desired.

[0166] Step 3 of designing substrate 250 or dispersing devices 100, 200 includes calculating the minimum initial concentration of the volatile material or surfactant. The minimum initial concentration of the volatile material or surfactant can be calculated using Equation 6, substituting the minimum desired product lifetime (t) from step 1 and the minimum desired dispersing rate (ER) from step 2. For example, if a minimum expected product lifetime of 3 months (i.e., 90 days) and a minimum expected dispersing rate of 3.6 mg / day are selected in steps 1 and 2 respectively, then the minimum initial concentration of the volatile material or surfactant would be 324 mg of surfactant (e.g., tetrafluoroethylene).

[0167] Step 4 of designing the substrate 250 or the dissipation device 100, 200 includes selecting a first layer 252 and / or a third layer 256 of the substrate 250, which will provide the minimum desired dissipation rate (ER) determined in step 2. Figure 17 and 18 A linear correlation is provided between pore size and the emission or release rate of the surfactant (i.e., tetrafluoroethylene). Furthermore, Table 1 of this paper provides the average emission or release rates of a variety of fabrics produced by Gehring-Tricot Warp Knit Fabrics, located in St. Johnsonville and Dolgeville, New York, which can be used for either the first layer 252 or the third layer 256. Using this knowledge, fabrics from Table 1 can be selected for the first layer 252 and / or the third layer 256 to provide the desired emission rate. For example, if an average emission rate of 0.15 mg / h (or 3.6 mg / day) is desired, fabric SHR714F manufactured by Genring-Tricot can be selected for either the first layer 252 or the third layer 256, or fabric SHR 884 can be selected for both the first layer 252 and the third layer 256. Alternatively, if fabrics other than those disclosed in Table 1 are required, Table 1 provides a basis for comparison. Figure 17 and 18 This provides the necessary information regarding the relationship between fabric properties (such as pore size) and their impact on the emission rate. Therefore, these values ​​and calculations can be used to approximate the emission rate expected for other fabrics used in the first layer 252 and / or the third layer 256.

[0168] Step 5 of designing the substrate 250 or the dispersing device 100, 200 includes selecting a second layer 254 of the substrate 250, which will provide the required saturation capacity for the initial concentration of the volatile material or surfactant determined in step 3. For example, if the minimum initial concentration of the volatile material or surfactant is determined to be 324 mg of surfactant, such as 324 mg of tetrafluoroethylene, the material, thickness, and density of the second layer 254 can be changed so that the second layer 254 can accommodate 324 mg of surfactant.

[0169] Following steps 1-5, the base 250 can be constructed by combining the first layer 252 and / or the third layer 256 selected in step 4 with the second layer 254 selected in step 5. The first layer 252, second layer 254, and third layer 256 can be combined using methods known in the art, including glues, adhesives, etc. In other embodiments, the fibers of the second layer 254 can be interwoven with the fibers of the first layer 252 and / or the second layer 256. In these specific embodiments, the fibers of the first layer 252, the second layer 254, and the third layer 256 are tied together during the weaving process. More specifically, in these embodiments, layers 252, 254, and 256 can be joined during the weaving process, such that the base 250 (and its layers) is entirely constructed using a knitting structure. In specific embodiments, the base 250 can be constructed using a Raschel knitting structure and can be warp-knitted, such as a double-needle-bed Raschel spaced knit.

[0170] This design approach can include Figure 21 Additional steps not specifically shown herein. In some embodiments, the design method may also include a step of determining the optimal wicking rate of the substrate 250. For example, a substrate 250 with a high wicking rate may be required, and in these embodiments, step 4 of the design method involving the selection of the first and / or third layers 252, 254 may involve selecting the first and / or third layers 252, 254 with the desired wicking rate. To facilitate this step, Table 1 discussed herein provides the average wicking rates of a variety of fabrics produced by Gehring-Tricot Warp KnitFabrics, located in St. Johnsonville and Dolgeville, New York. Figure 14 These wicking velocities are shown over a period of time.

[0171] In other embodiments, the design method may further include the step of constructing an emitter or emitter device, such as emitter device 100 or emitter device 200, for use with substrate 250. As discussed earlier herein, the emission rate of volatile materials or surfactants from substrate 250 is positively linearly correlated with the percentage of the surface area of ​​substrate 250 exposed to the surrounding environment. More specifically, Figure 20A positive linear correlation is shown between the emission rate of volatile materials from a substrate containing an active agent and the percentage of the substrate surface area exposed to the surrounding environment. Furthermore, the emission devices 100, 200 disclosed herein include one or more orifices 120, 208, 210 that expose a portion of the surface area of ​​the substrate 250 enclosed therein, and the number and / or size of the orifices 120, 208, 210 can be varied to increase or decrease the percentage of the substrate 250 surface area exposed to the surrounding environment. Therefore, in these embodiments, additional steps in the design method may include using a minimum emission rate of the substrate 250 determined in step 2, and selecting a first substrate 252 and a third substrate 256 in step 4 to determine the percentage of the surface area of ​​the substrate 250 necessary to provide the desired emission rate from step 2. After determining the percentage of the substrate 250 surface area that needs to be exposed to provide the desired emission rate, the orifices 120, 208, 210 of the emission devices 100, 200 can be adjusted to provide the desired emission rate. It should be understood that this step can also affect step 4, because the designer can select a specific first layer 252 and / or third layer 256 after determining the percentage of the surface area of ​​the substrate 250 that will be exposed to the surrounding environment during use.

[0172] Additional diffuser

[0173] Figure 22-30 An additional dispersive device that can be used in conjunction with the substrate 250 disclosed herein is shown.

[0174] Figure 22 It shows that it can be used with Figure 9 A bracelet 400 is used in conjunction with a base 250. In this embodiment, the bracelet 400 includes an outer frame 402 having an inner recess 404 and a concave surface 406. A user can position the base 250 on the concave surface 406 and within the recess 404. Furthermore, the bracelet 400 may include a strap 408, for example... bring.

[0175] Figure 23 and 24 It shows that it can be used with Figure 9 The diffuser 500 is used in conjunction with a base. In this embodiment, the diffuser 500 includes an outer frame 502 and a concave surface 504, in which the base 250 can be positioned. Furthermore, the diffuser 500 may include a clip 506 for securing the diffuser to a user.

[0176] Figure 25Another bracelet 600 is shown that can be used in conjunction with the substrate 250. In this embodiment, the bracelet 600 includes a housing 602 and a bracelet band 608. The housing 602 includes a plurality of holes 604 on its front side 606. Here, the housing 602 can be opened and closed, and the substrate 250 can be inserted into or removed from the housing 602. When positioned within the housing, the substrate 250 can release volatile materials or surfactants through the holes 604.

[0177] Figure 26 and 27 Two hangers 700 and 800 are shown. In these embodiments, hangers 700 and 800 may include first components 702 and 802 having front faces 704 and 804, which may be releasably coupled to second components 706 and 806 having reservoirs or recessed interiors 708 and 808. Furthermore, the front faces 704 and 804 and the back faces 710 and 810 may include a plurality of holes 712 and 812. In use, a user inserts a substrate 250 into the recessed interiors 708 and 808 of the second components 706 and 806 and engages the first components 702 and 802 with the second components 706 and 806, thereby encapsulating the substrate 250 within the hangers 700 and 800. After the substrate 250 is positioned within the hangers 700 and 800, volatile materials or surfactants may diffuse from the substrate 250 and pass through the holes 712 and 812 of the hangers 700 and 800.

[0178] Figure 28 Another diffuser 900 is depicted, which can be used in conjunction with the base 250 discussed herein. In this embodiment, the diffuser 900 includes a front face 902 coupled along a hinge 906 to a rear face 904, which allows the diffuser 900 to... Figure 28 The device transitions between an open state and a closed state (not shown). The front side 902 includes a receiving portion 908, and the back side 904 includes a receiving portion 910. Each receiving portion 908, 910 may contain a substrate 250, and when in the open state, the emitter 900 allows volatile materials or surfactants to be emitted from the substrate 250.

[0179] Figure 29Another emitter 1000 for use in conjunction with a substrate 250 is depicted. In this embodiment, similar to emitter 900, emitter 1000 includes a front side 1002 and a back side (not shown) joined together by a hinge 1004. Furthermore, the front side 1002 may include a plurality of holes 1006 that allow airflow into the emitter and allow volatile materials or surfactants to be passively emitted from the substrate 250. In some embodiments, emitter 1000 may be provided as a kit, and the kit may include a pouch 1008 containing a quantity of volatile material or surfactant 1010. In this embodiment, the front side 1002 includes an element (not shown) on its inner surface that is capable of piercing the pouch 1008 once the emitter 1000 is closed. Thus, during use, a user can insert the pouch 1008 into the emitter 1000 and close the emitter 1000, resulting in the piercing of the pouch 1008 and the release of the volatile material or surfactant 1010 therein. After the pouch 1008 is punctured, the substrate 250 inside the emitter 1000 can wick in volatile materials or surfactants 1010 and subsequently release volatile materials or surfactants 1010 from it over a period of time.

[0180] Figure 30 A reservoir 1100, which can be used to dispense substrate 250, is shown, or alternatively, one or more dispensers disclosed herein. For example, by positioning orifice 1102 on the rear side 1104 of the housing 602 of bracelet 600 above nozzle 1106, bracelet 600 can be dispensed with a certain amount of volatile material or surfactant using reservoir 1100. Next, the user can position nozzle 1106 within orifice 1102 and apply a downward force. The downward force causes nozzle 1106 to eject a certain amount of volatile material from reservoir 1100, through nozzle 1106, and into housing 602 where substrate 250 is contained. As a result, substrate 250 can be refilled using reservoir 1100.

[0181] The foregoing variations and modifications are within the scope of this disclosure. It should be understood that the embodiments disclosed and defined herein extend to all alternative combinations of two or more individual features mentioned or apparent from the text and / or drawings. All these different combinations constitute various alternative aspects of this disclosure. The claims should be interpreted to include alternative embodiments within the scope permitted by the prior art.

[0182] As previously stated, those skilled in the art will understand that while the invention has been described above with reference to specific embodiments and examples, the invention is not necessarily limited thereto, and many other embodiments, examples, uses, modifications and deviations from the embodiments, examples, and uses are intended to be covered by the appended claims. The full disclosure of each patent and publication cited herein is incorporated by reference as if each such patent or publication were individually incorporated by reference herein.

[0183] Any of the embodiments described herein may be modified to include any structures or methods disclosed in combination with different embodiments.

[0184] Industrial applicability

[0185] The aspects of the emitters, emitters, or substrates described herein advantageously combine the features of an emitter or protective housing and a multilayer substrate or mesh material to effectively disperse volatile materials or surfactants for the desired usage time and duration. Furthermore, these aspects of the emitters or emitters provide a mechanism that is both easy to use and inexpensive, as well as a structurally stable and safe device. Therefore, the disclosed emitters or emitters can be used in a wide range of applications.

[0186] Given the foregoing description, many modifications to the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, this description should be construed as illustrative only and is presented to enable those skilled in the art to make and use the invention. Exclusive rights to all modifications within the scope of the appended claims are reserved.

Claims

1. A substrate for dispersing volatile materials, the substrate comprising: A first woven layer having a first woven pattern; A second woven layer having a second woven pattern different from the first woven pattern; as well as The third layer located between the first and second braided layers, The substrate is configured to provide a steady-state weight loss of volatile materials over a period of at least 30 days, wherein the steady-state weight loss of volatile materials is between 1 mg / day and 10 mg / day.

2. The substrate of claim 1, wherein, The volatile material includes an active agent applied to at least one of the first braided layer, the second braided layer, and the third layer.

3. The substrate of claim 1, wherein, The first weaving pattern is the first honeycomb weaving pattern, and the second weaving pattern is the second honeycomb weaving pattern.

4. The substrate of claim 1, wherein, The first weave pattern includes a first weave density, characterized by a first plurality of fibers in the first weave layer, and The second weave pattern includes a second weave density, which is characterized by a second plurality of fibers in the second weave layer.

5. The substrate of claim 4, wherein, The second weave density is greater than the first weave density.

6. The substrate of claim 4, wherein, The third layer includes a third plurality of fibers, which are connected to at least one of the first plurality of fibers and the second plurality of fibers to form the substrate.

7. The substrate of claim 6, wherein, The third layer includes surfaces with densities ranging from 75 g / m² to 500 g / m².

8. The substrate of claim 1, wherein, The materials of the first and second woven layers each include polyester.

9. A substrate for dispersing volatile materials, the substrate comprising: A first woven layer having a first woven pattern, the first woven pattern including a first woven density; A second braided layer having a second braided pattern, the second braided pattern including a second braided density; as well as The third layer located between the first and second braided layers, The substrate is configured to provide a steady-state weight loss of volatile materials over a period of at least 30 days, wherein the steady-state weight loss of volatile materials is between 1 mg / day and 10 mg / day.

10. The substrate of claim 9, wherein, The volatile material includes an active agent applied to at least one of the first braided layer, the second braided layer, and the third layer.

11. The substrate of claim 9, wherein, The first weave density is characterized by a first plurality of fibers in the first weave layer, and the second weave density is characterized by a second plurality of fibers in the second weave layer.

12. The substrate of claim 11, wherein, The second weave density is greater than the first weave density.

13. The substrate of claim 11, wherein, The third layer includes a third plurality of fibers, which are connected to at least one of the first plurality of fibers and the second plurality of fibers to form the substrate.

14. A substrate for dispersing volatile materials, the substrate comprising: A first woven layer having a first woven pattern; A second woven layer having a second woven pattern different from the first woven pattern; as well as The third layer located between the first and second braided layers, The volatile material includes an active agent applied to at least one of the first braided layer, the second braided layer, and the third layer. The emission rate of the substrate is between 1 mg / day and 10 mg / day.

15. The substrate of claim 14, wherein, The first braided layer has a first thickness, and the second braided layer has a second thickness that is different from the first thickness.

16. The substrate of claim 14, wherein, The first weaving pattern is the first honeycomb weaving pattern, and the second weaving pattern is the second honeycomb weaving pattern.

17. The substrate of claim 14, wherein, The first weave pattern includes a first weave density, characterized by a first plurality of fibers in the first weave layer, and The second weave pattern includes a second weave density, which is characterized by a second plurality of fibers in the second weave layer.

18. The substrate of claim 17, wherein, The first weave density is different from the second weave density.

19. A substrate for dispersing volatile materials, the substrate comprising: A first woven layer having a first woven pattern, the first woven pattern including a first woven density; A second braided layer having a second braided pattern, the second braided pattern including a second braided density; as well as The third layer located between the first and second braided layers, The volatile material includes an active agent applied to at least one of the first braided layer, the second braided layer, and the third layer. The emission rate of the substrate is between 1 mg / day and 10 mg / day.

20. The substrate of claim 19, wherein, The first weave density is characterized by a first plurality of fibers in the first weave layer, and the second weave density is characterized by a second plurality of fibers in the second weave layer. The first weave density is different from the second weave density.

21. The substrate of claim 19, wherein, The substrate is configured to provide steady-state weight loss of volatile materials over a period of time.

22. The substrate of claim 21, wherein, The time period is at least 30 days.

23. The substrate of claim 21, wherein, The time period is at least seven months.

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