Liquid crystal media comprising polymerizable compounds

Abstract

This invention relates to liquid crystal media comprising polymerizable compounds. Specifically, this invention relates to liquid crystal (LC) media comprising a polymerizable component A containing polymerizable compounds, at least one of which is a polymerizable self-aligning additive of formula MES-Ra(I) for vertical alignment, and a liquid crystal LC component B comprising one or more mesocrystalline or liquid crystal compounds selected from formulas CY and PY, wherein the formulas are as follows and defined in the claims, and other additives (HH) comprising organic molecules having groups having at least six of the following formulas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a liquid crystal (LC) medium comprising a polymerizable component A containing a polymerizable compound, wherein at least one of the polymerizable compounds is a polymerizable self-aligning additive of formula MES-Ra(I) for vertical alignment, and a liquid crystal LC component B comprising one or more mesocrystalline or liquid crystal compounds selected from formulas CY and PY, wherein the formulas are as follows and as defined in the claims, and other additives (HH) comprising organic molecules having groups having at least 6 of the following formulas. or Prior Technology

[0002] One type of liquid crystal display (LCD) currently in use is the TN ("twisted nematic") mode. However, a drawback of TN LCDs is that their contrast ratio is highly dependent on the viewing angle.

[0003] Additionally, there are known VA (Vertical Alignment) displays with wider viewing angles. The LC cell of a VA display contains a layer of LC dielectric between two transparent electrodes, where the LC dielectric typically has negative dielectric anisotropy. In the off-state, the molecules of the LC layer are aligned perpendicularly to the electrode surfaces (vertical alignment) or have a tilted vertical alignment. When a voltage is applied to the two electrodes, a realignment of the LC molecules occurs parallel to the electrode surfaces.

[0004] Also known is the so-called IPS ("in-plane switching") display, which contains an LC layer between two substrates, with two electrodes disposed on only one of the two substrates, and preferably having an interlocking comb-like structure. When a voltage is applied to the electrodes, an electric field with a significant component parallel to the LC layer is thus generated between them. This causes the LC molecules to reorient in the layer plane.

[0005] Furthermore, so-called FFS (“edge field switching”) displays have been reported (see especially SH Jung et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 43, No. 3, 2004, 1028), which contain two electrodes on the same substrate, one structured in a comb-like manner and the other unstructured. This generates a strong so-called “edge field,” a strong electric field near the edge of the electrode, and such an electric field throughout the cell, with both strong vertical and strong horizontal components. FFS displays exhibit low contrast viewing angle dependence. FFS displays typically contain an LC dielectric with positive dielectric anisotropy and an alignment layer, typically a polyimide alignment layer, which provides planar alignment of the molecules of the LC dielectric.

[0006] Furthermore, FFS displays have been disclosed (see SH Lee et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 73(20), 1998, 2882-2883 and SH Lee et al., Liquid Crystals 39(9), 2012, 1141-1148), which have similar electrode designs and layer thicknesses to FFS displays, but include layers of LC dielectric with negative dielectric anisotropy instead of layers of LC dielectric with positive dielectric anisotropy. Compared to LC dielectric with positive dielectric anisotropy, LC dielectric with negative dielectric anisotropy exhibits a more favorable director orientation, with less tilt and more twist, resulting in higher transmittance for these displays. The displays also include an alignment layer, typically a polyimide provided on at least one substrate, which contacts the LC dielectric and induces planar alignment of the LC molecules of the LC dielectric. These displays are also referred to as “Ultra-Brightness FFS (UB-FFS)” mode displays. These displays require LC dielectrics with high reliability.

[0007] The term "reliability" as used below refers to the quality of a display's performance over time and under varying stress loads, such as optical load, temperature, humidity, and voltage. It also includes display effects such as image lag (surface and line image lag), mura, and yogore, which are known to those skilled in the art of LC displays. As a standard parameter for classifying reliability, the voltage hold-up ratio (VHR) value is commonly used; it is a measure of maintaining a constant voltage in a tested display. Among other factors, a high VHR is a prerequisite for high reliability in LC media.

[0008] In newer types of VA displays, the uniform orientation of LC molecules is confined to a number of relatively small domains within the LC cell. Disclination, also known as tilted domains, can exist between these domains. VA displays with tilted domains offer greater contrast and viewing angle independence in grayscale compared to conventional VA displays. Furthermore, this type of display is easier to manufacture because it eliminates the need for additional electrode surface treatments (e.g., by friction) to ensure uniform molecular orientation in the on-state. Alternatively, the preferred orientation of the tilt angle or pretilt angle can be controlled by special electrode design.

[0009] In so-called MVA ("Multi-domain Vertical Alignment") displays, this is typically achieved by electrodes with protrusions that cause local pre-tilt. This allows LC molecules to align parallel to the electrode surface in different orientations within different, defined cell regions when voltage is applied. This enables "controlled" switching and prevents the formation of interfering misalignment lines. While this arrangement improves the display's viewing angle, it reduces its transmittance. Further developments in MVA utilize protrusions on only one electrode side, with the opposing electrode having a slit, which improves transmittance. This slit electrode generates a non-uniform electric field within the LC cell when voltage is applied, meaning controlled switching is still achieved. To further improve transmittance, the spacing between the slit and the protrusion can be increased, but this conversely leads to an increased response time. In so-called PVA (“patterned VA”), protrusions are completely redundant because the two electrodes are structured on opposite sides by slits. This results in increased contrast and improved light transmittance, but it is technically difficult and makes the display more sensitive to mechanical influences (“tapping”, etc.). However, for many applications, such as monitors and especially TV screens, there is a demand for shorter response times and improved contrast and brightness (transmittance).

[0010] Another development is the so-called PS (“polymer stabilized”) or PSA (“polymer stabilized alignment”) display, which is occasionally also referred to as “polymer stabilization”. In these, a small amount (e.g., 0.3% by weight, typically <1% by weight) of one or more polymerizable compounds, preferably polymerizable monomeric compounds, is added to the LC medium, and after the LC medium is filled into the display, it is polymerized or crosslinked in situ (usually by UV photopolymerization), while a voltage is applied to the electrodes of the display as needed. Polymerization is carried out at the temperature at which the liquid crystal phase of the LC medium is displayed, typically at room temperature. The addition of polymerizable mesocrystalline or liquid crystal compounds (also known as reactive mesocrystalline or “RM”) to the LC mixture has proven particularly suitable.

[0011] Unless otherwise stated, the term "PSA" will be used hereinafter when referring to displays of a general polymer-stabilized alignment type, and "PS" will be used when referring to a specific display mode (such as PS-VA, PS-TN, etc.).

[0012] Similarly, unless otherwise stated, the term "RM" will be used below when referring to polymerizable mesocrystalline or liquid crystal compounds.

[0013] Meanwhile, the PS(A) principle is being used in various conventional LC display modes. Thus, PS-VA, PS-OCB, PS-IPS, PS-FFS, PS-UB-FFS, and PS-TN displays are known, for example. RM aggregation, in the case of PS-VA and PS-OCB displays, preferably occurs under applied voltage, while in the case of PS-IPS displays, it occurs with or without, preferably without, applied voltage. As can be verified in a test chamber, the PS(A) method results in pre-tilting within the chamber. In the case of PS-OCB displays, for example, the bending structure can be stabilized, thereby making the offset voltage unwanted or reduced. In the case of PS-VA displays, this pre-tilting has a positive effect on response time. For PS-VA displays, standard MVA or PVA primitives and electrode layouts can be used. However, alternatively, for example, using only a structured electrode side without protrusions can also be managed, which significantly simplifies production and simultaneously produces very good contrast and very good transmittance.

[0014] PS-VA displays are described, for example, in EP 1 170 626 A2, US 6,861,107, US 7,169,449, US 2004 / 0191428 A1, US 2006 / 0066793 A1, and US 2006 / 0103804 A1. PS-OCB displays are described, for example, in T.-J-Chen et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 45, 2006, 2702-2704 and SH Kim, L.-C. Chien, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43, 2004, 7643-7647.

[0015] Beneath the layer formed by the RM that causes the aforementioned pretilt angle, conventional PSA displays typically include an alignment layer, such as polyimide, which provides initial alignment of LC molecules prior to the polymer stabilization step.

[0016] Triborealized polyimide layers have long been used as alignment layers. However, the triborealization method introduces several problems, such as inhomogeneity, contamination, electrostatic discharge, and residue. Typically, the effort and cost of producing such polyimide layers are relatively high. Therefore, instead of triborealized polyimide layers, it is proposed to use polyimide layers prepared by photo-alignment or to achieve self-alignment by adding suitable additives to the LC medium.

[0017] Furthermore, unfavorable interactions between the polyimide alignment layer and certain compounds in the LC medium have been observed, typically leading to a decrease in the display's resistance. At the cost of improving display parameters (such as viewing angle dependence, contrast ratio, and response time) by using such LC compounds, the number of suitable and available LC compounds is thus significantly reduced. Therefore, the polyimide alignment layer needs to be omitted.

[0018] For some display modes, this is achieved by adding a self-aligning agent or additive to the LC dielectric, which induces the desired vertical alignment in situ through a self-assembly mechanism. Therefore, the alignment layer on one or both of the substrates can be omitted. These display modes are also called "self-aligned" or "self-aligned" (SA) modes.

[0019] In SA mode displays, a small amount (typically 0.1% to 2.5%) of a self-aligning additive is added to the LC medium. Suitable self-aligning additives are, for example, compounds having an organic core group (MES) and one or more polar anchoring groups (Ra) attached thereto, which can interact with the substrate surface, causing the additive on the substrate surface to align and also inducing the desired alignment in the LC molecules. Preferred self-aligning additives contain, for example, mesocrystalline groups (MES) and straight-chain or branched substituents terminated by one or more polar anchoring groups, such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, thiol, or other polar groups. The self-aligning additive may also contain one or more polymerizable groups that can be polymerized under conditions similar to those used in the PSA method for RM.

[0020] Illustration: A self-aligning additive for MES comprising a mesocrystalline core group attached to a polymerizable group P and an anchoring group Ra. Several P groups can be used. As a variation, one or more of them can be attached to the anchoring group instead of the mesocrystalline core group.

[0021] SA-VA displays have been disclosed to date. Suitable self-aligning additives for inducing vertical alignment, particularly for SA-VA mode displays, are disclosed, for example, in US 2013 / 0182202 A1, US 2014 / 0838581 A1, US 2015 / 0166890 A1 and US 2015 / 0252265 A1.

[0022] The self-alignment mode can also be used in combination with the PSA mode. The LC media of the display used in this combined mode therefore contains both one or more RMs and one or more self-alignment additives.

[0023] Similar to conventional LC displays, PSA displays can operate as either active or passive matrix displays. In the case of an active matrix display, individual pixels are typically addressed by integrated nonlinear active elements such as transistors (e.g., thin-film transistors "TFTs"), while in the case of a passive matrix display, they are typically addressed by multiplexing methods as known in the art.

[0024] Especially for monitors and particularly TV applications, there is a continuous demand for optimization of LCD response time, contrast, and brightness (and therefore transmittance). The PSA method can provide a key advantage in this regard. In particular, in the case of PS-VA, PS-IPS, PS-FFS, and PS-positive-VA displays, a reduction in response time related to pre-tilt, which can be measured in the test chamber, can be achieved without significantly detrimental effects on other parameters.

[0025] Existing technologies have proposed using biphenyl diacrylate or biphenyl dimethacrylate, which are to be fluorinated as needed, as the RM in PSA displays.

[0026] However, a problem arises: not all combinations of LC mixtures and one or more RMs are suitable for PSA displays, because, for example, insufficient tilt or no tilt is established, or because, for example, VHR is insufficient for TFT display applications. Furthermore, it has been found that LC mixtures and RMs known from the prior art still have some drawbacks when used in PSA displays. Therefore, not every known RM soluble in LC mixtures is suitable for PSA displays. Moreover, it is often difficult to find suitable selection criteria for RMs other than directly measuring the pre-tilt in PSA displays. The selection of suitable RMs becomes even more limited if polymerization by means of UV light without the addition of a photoinitiator is desired (which may be advantageous for some applications).

[0027] Self-aligning additives used for vertical alignment typically have additional polymerizable groups. Since the behavior of RMs can differ in the presence of self-aligning additives, the combination of polymerizable RMs and polymerizable self-aligning additives exhibits certain effects of its own.

[0028] Furthermore, the selected LC bulk mixture / RM combination should have the lowest possible rotational viscosity and the best possible electrical properties. In particular, it should have the highest possible VHR. High VHR is especially necessary in PSA displays after UV irradiation, as UV exposure is an essential part of the display manufacturing process and also occurs as normal exposure during the operation of the manufactured displays.

[0029] Specifically, novel materials available for PSA displays are desired that can produce a suitable small tilt angle. Preferred materials are those that produce a lower tilt angle during polymerization for the same exposure time compared to materials known to date, and / or by using these materials, the desired results can be obtained after a shorter exposure time. This can thus shorten the display production time (“cycle time”) and reduce manufacturing process costs. However, when combined with other polymerizable components (e.g., self-aligning additives for vertical alignment), the tilt angle may become too low. In such cases, further adjustments to the tilt generation behavior are possible if an LC medium is required.

[0030] Another problem in the production of PSA displays is the presence or removal of residual unpolymerized reticulum (RM), particularly after the polymerization step used to create the pretilt angle in the display. For example, such unreacted RM can adversely affect the properties of the display by polymerizing in an uncontrolled manner during operation, for example, after the display has been manufactured.

[0031] Therefore, PSA displays known in the prior art often exhibit an undesirable effect called "image sticking" or "image burning," in which an image generated by the brief addressing of a single pixel in an LC display remains visible even after the electric field in those pixels has been disconnected or after other pixels have been addressed.

[0032] If an LC host mixture with a low VHR is used, this "image lag" can occur. The UV component of sunlight or backlight can trigger undesirable decomposition reactions of the LC molecules therein, thereby initiating the generation of ionic or radical impurities. These can accumulate, particularly at the electrodes or alignment layers, where they can reduce the effectively applied voltage. This effect can also be observed in conventional LC displays without polymer components.

[0033] Furthermore, an additional "image sticking" effect due to the presence of unpolymerized resonant RMs is frequently observed in PSA displays. Uncontrolled polymerization of residual RMs is here triggered by UV light from the environment or backlight. In the switched display area, this changes the tilt angle after several addressing cycles. As a result, transmittance variations can occur in the switched area, while it remains constant in the unswitched area.

[0034] Therefore, it is desirable to ensure that the polymerization of RM proceeds as completely as possible during PSA display production and to eliminate or minimize the presence of unpolymerized RM in the display. Thus, a mixture of RM and LC is needed, which enables or supports highly efficient and complete polymerization of RM. Furthermore, a controlled reaction of the residual RM amount is desired. It would be simpler if RM could polymerize faster and more efficiently than materials known to date.

[0035] Self-alignment modes using self-aligning additives for vertical alignment allow the omission of one or two conventional alignment layers. However, the passivation and optical properties of conventional alignment layers are also altered. For simplicity, it is desirable to have self-aligning PSA systems that exhibit similar behavior on the electrodes, such as strong passivation properties and similar refractive indices (n). However, current 0.3% RM typically does not exhibit the same properties as polyimide.

[0036] However, rapid polymerization is often associated with high sensitivity to UV radiation. Since UV radiation is also used to harden the panel sealant material at the panel edges, care must be taken to prevent premature polymerization, especially near the panel sealant. In this case, poor alignment or small bright spots may appear in the dark. Ideally, a process-stable LC medium is used, capable of absorbing a reasonable level of UV light during the panel sealing operation. Furthermore, the LC medium must be insensitive to trace amounts of sealant material present as impurities near the panel edges.

[0037] Another problem observed in the operation of PSA displays is the stability of the pretilt angle. Therefore, the pretilt angle (which is generated during the manufacturing process of the display by polymerizing the RM as described above) is not observed to remain constant, but rather deteriorates after the display is subjected to voltage stress during operation. This can negatively impact display performance, for example by increasing black-state transmittance and thus reducing contrast.

[0038] Another problem to be addressed is that existing RMs often have high melting points and exhibit only limited solubility in many currently common LC mixtures, thus often tending to crystallize spontaneously from the mixture. Furthermore, the risk of spontaneous polymerization prevents heating the LC bulk mixture to dissolve the polymerizable component, meaning that the best possible solubility is required even at room temperature. Additionally, there is a risk of separation (chromatographic effects) when introducing the LC medium into an LC display, for example, which can significantly impair the uniformity of the display. This is further reinforced by the fact that LC media are typically introduced at low temperatures to reduce the risk of spontaneous polymerization (see above), which in turn adversely affects solubility.

[0039] Another problem observed in the prior art is that the use of conventional LC media in LC displays (including but not limited to PSA-type displays) often results in non-uniformity within the display, especially when the LC media is filled in a display cell manufactured using the drop-fill (ODF) method. This phenomenon is also known as "ODF non-uniformity." Therefore, there is a need to provide LC media that results in virtually no ODF non-uniformity.

[0040] Another problem observed in the prior art is that LC media used in PSA displays, including but not limited to PSA-type displays, often exhibit high viscosity and, consequently, long switching times. To reduce the viscosity and switching time of LC media, the prior art has proposed adding LC compounds containing alkenyl groups. However, LC media containing alkenyl compounds have been observed to frequently exhibit reduced reliability and stability, as well as a decrease in VHR, especially after exposure to UV radiation. This is a significant drawback, particularly for use in PSA displays, where photopolymerization of RM is typically carried out by exposure to UV radiation, which can lead to a decrease in VHR in the LC media.

[0041] Therefore, there remains a great demand for PSA displays and LC media and polymerizable compounds used in such displays, which do not exhibit the disadvantages described above or exhibit these disadvantages only to a small extent and have improved properties.

[0042] In particular, there is a significant demand for PSA displays and the LC media and polymerizable compounds used in such displays that achieve high resistivity, short response time, even at low temperatures, over a wide operating temperature range, as well as low threshold voltage, low pretilt angle, a large grayscale range, high contrast, and wide viewing angle, high reliability and high VHR after UV exposure, and, in the case of polymerizable compounds, low melting point and high solubility in the LC bulk mixture. In PSA displays for mobile applications, there is a particular need for usable LC media exhibiting low threshold voltage and high birefringence.

[0043] In the prior art, several types of polymerizable RMs (mers) have been reported for use in PSA displays, such as RMs with a biphenyl or terphenyl mesocrystalline core and connected with two or three polymerizable acrylate or methacrylate groups. Biphenyl RMs exhibit limited polymerization rates but possess good reliability parameters, such as high VHR or tilt stability, while terphenyl RMs exhibit fast polymerization rates but limited reliability parameters. Therefore, it is desirable to have an available RM exhibiting both fast polymerization rates and good reliability parameters.

[0044] The object of the present invention is to provide novel and suitable materials for PSA displays, particularly RM and LC media containing the same, which do not have the aforementioned disadvantages or have the aforementioned disadvantages to a reduced extent.

[0045] Specifically, the object of the present invention is to provide an RM and an LC medium comprising them for PSA displays (preferably self-aligned mode), which achieves extremely high resistivity, high VHR, high reliability, low threshold voltage, short response time, and high birefringence, exhibiting particularly good UV absorption at longer wavelengths, enabling rapid and complete polymerization of the RM, enabling the formation of a suitable tilt as quickly as possible, achieving high stability of pre-tilt even after prolonged time and / or UV exposure, reducing or preventing the occurrence of "bright spots," "image stickiness," and "ODF non-uniformity" in the display, and exhibiting high solubility in LC media typically used as the main mixture in PSA displays, in the case of the RM, achieving rapid and complete polymerization as quickly as possible.

[0046] Another object of the present invention is to provide an RM for a PSA display in a self-alignment mode that exhibits fast polymerization speed and good reliability parameters, such as high VHR or tilt stability.

[0047] Another object of the present invention is to provide novel RMs, particularly RMs for optical, electro-optical and electronic applications, as well as suitable methods and intermediates for their preparation.

[0048] According to the present invention, these objectives are achieved by the materials and methods described in this application. In particular, it has been surprisingly found that the aforementioned beneficial effects can be achieved in LC media containing certain dielectric negative LC materials by using a combination of a self-aligning additive of Formula I described below and a specific additive of Formula HH. Additive HH (“hexaHALS”) is a compound containing at least six nitro-HALS groups (HALS = hindered amine light stabilizer).

[0049] Surprisingly, the use of the LC medium according to the present invention results in a suitable and stable pretilt angle, avoids bright spots, reduces image lag and ODF display unevenness in the display, leads to high reliability and high VHR value after UV photopolymerization, and achieves fast response time, low threshold voltage and high birefringence.

[0050] Furthermore, the RMs according to the invention have low melting points, good solubility in a wide range of LC media, particularly in commercially available LC bulk mixtures for PSA, and low crystallization tendency. In addition, they exhibit good absorption at longer UV wavelengths (particularly in the 300-380 nm range) and are capable of rapid and complete polymerization in liquid crystal cells with a small amount of residual unreacted RM.

[0051] Similarly, it was surprisingly found that the RM combined according to the present invention combines a fast polymerization rate similar to that of terphenyl RM with good reliability parameters similar to that of biphenyl RM. This results in superior overall performance compared to prior art RMs.

[0052] WO 2009 / 030322 A1 discloses polymerizable compounds based on biphenyl structures having two or three acrylate or methacrylate groups. It makes no mention of self-aligning additives for vertical alignment, nor does it address the problems of inhomogeneity and excessively rapid tilting that are addressed in this invention. Summary of the Invention

[0053] This invention relates to liquid crystal (LC) media, which comprises - A polymerizable component A comprising polymerizable compounds, wherein at least one of the polymerizable compounds is a polymerizable self-aligning additive of formula I for vertical alignment. MES-Ra (I) and -Liquid crystal LC component B), which contains one or more mesocrystalline or liquid crystal compounds selected from formulas CY and PY: CY PY Each of the groups has the following meaning: 'a' represents 1 or 2. b represents 0 or 1, with 1 being preferred. express or , express or , R1 and R2 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, wherein one or two non-adjacent CH2 groups (including any terminal carbon -CH2-H) can be -O-, -CH=CH-, , , , , , -C≡C-, -CO-, -O-CO-, or -CO-O- are replaced by O and H atoms not being directly connected. Zx represents -CH=CH-, -CH2O-, -OCH2-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -O-, -CH2-, -CH2CH2-, or a single bond, preferably a single bond. L1-4 each independently represent F, Cl, OCF3, CF3, CH3, CH2F or CHF2. L5-6 represents H or has one of the meanings given for L1-4. and - Other additives (HH) that contain organic molecules having at least 6 groups of the following formula or Where the above formula is defined as MES is a rod-shaped mesocrystalline group comprising two or more rings directly or indirectly linked or fused together, wherein said rings are to be substituted as needed and, as needed, additionally substituted by one or more polymerizable groups directly or via spacer groups connected to the MES. Ra is a polar anchoring group located at the end of the rod-shaped mesocrystalline group MES. Ra comprises at least one carbon atom and at least one functional group selected from -OH, -SH, -COOH, -CHO, urethane, phosphonates, orthoesters, diketones, or primary, secondary, or tertiary amines. This functional group is optionally substituted by one or two polymerizable groups directly or via spacer groups attached to Ra. In which at least one of MES or Ra is directly or via a spacer group replaced by at least one polymerizable group.

[0054] The liquid crystal component B of the LC medium according to the present invention, hereinafter also referred to as the "LC host mixture", preferably comprises one or more, preferably at least two, mesocrystalline or LC compounds (i.e., non-polymerizable compounds) selected from non-polymerizable low molecular weight compounds.

[0055] The present invention also relates to LC media or LC displays as described above, wherein the polymerizable compound is polymerized.

[0056] The present invention also relates to a method for preparing LC media as described in the context, comprising the steps of mixing one or more mesocrystalline or LC compounds, or LC host mixtures or LC components B, as described in the context, with one or more self-aligning additives of formula I and one or more additives HH, and, if necessary, with other LC compounds and / or additives.

[0057] The present invention also relates to the use of the LC medium according to the invention in a PSA display, particularly in a PSA display containing an LC medium, for generating a tilt angle in the LC medium by in-situ polymerization of one or more compounds of formula I and any desired comonomer in an electric or magnetic field in the PSA display.

[0058] The present invention also relates to LC displays comprising the LC medium according to the invention, particularly PSA displays with vertical alignment, especially preferably PS-VA, PS-UB-FFS, or PS-posi-VA displays. Preferably, the present invention relates to LC displays comprising a compound having formula I and HH, respectively.

[0059] The present invention also relates to the use of the LC medium according to the invention in a polymer-stabilized SA-VA display, and to a polymer-stabilized SA-VA display comprising the LC medium according to the invention.

[0060] The present invention also relates to an LC display comprising a polymer obtainable by polymerization of the LC medium of the present invention, preferably a polymer-stable SA-VA display.

[0061] The present invention also relates to a PSA-type LC display comprising two substrates, at least one of which is light-transparent, electrodes disposed on each substrate, or two electrodes disposed on only one substrate, and a layer of LC dielectric located between the two substrates, the layer comprising the LC dielectric described in the context, wherein a polymerizable compound is polymerized between the substrates of the display.

[0062] The present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing an LC display as described in the context, comprising filling or otherwise providing the LC medium according to the invention between substrates of the display, and the step of polymerizing the polymerizable compound.

[0063] The PSA display according to the invention has two electrodes, preferably in the form of transparent layers, which are applied to one or both substrates. In some displays, such as PS-VA, PS-OCB, or polymer-stabilized SA-VA displays, one electrode is applied to each of the two substrates. In other displays, such as rim field switching displays (FFS), the two electrodes are applied to only one of the two substrates.

[0064] In a preferred embodiment, the polymerizable component polymerizes in the LC display when a voltage is applied to the electrodes of the display.

[0065] The polymerizable compounds of polymerizable components are preferably polymerized by photopolymerization, and UV photopolymerization is very preferred. Implementation

[0066] When used in a vertically self-aligned PSA display, the LC medium according to the invention exhibits the following advantageous properties: - Within a certain process window, an appropriate tilt is generated based on the reaction speed and the resulting tilt angle. - This results in rapid polymerization with minimal RM residue after UV treatment. -Expansion behavior, - The number of bright spots has decreased. -Suitable for initiator-free UV treatment, -High voltage retention rate after UV treatment -Good tilt stability, -Sufficient heat resistance, - Sufficient low-temperature stability to prevent crystallization.

[0067] As used herein, the terms “active layer” and “switchable layer” refer to a layer in an electro-optic display, such as an LC display, comprising one or more molecules (e.g., LC molecules) having structural and optical anisotropy, which change their orientation when subjected to external stimuli such as an electric or magnetic field, resulting in a change in the layer’s transmittance to polarized or unpolarized light.

[0068] As used herein, the terms “tilt” and “tilt angle” should be understood to refer to the tilted orientation of LC molecules of the LC medium relative to the cell surface in an LC display (preferably a PSA display). The tilt angle here represents the average angle (< 90°) between the longitudinal molecular axis (LC director) of the LC molecules and the outer plate parallel to the plane forming the LC cell. Lower tilt angle values ​​(i.e., larger deviations from 90°) correspond to larger tilts. Suitable methods for measuring tilt angles are given in the embodiments. Unless otherwise stated, the tilt angle values ​​disclosed in the context are related to this measurement method.

[0069] As used herein, the terms “reactive mesocrystalline” and “RM” should be understood to mean a compound comprising a mesocrystalline or liquid crystal framework and one or more functional groups suitable for polymerization attached thereto, and said functional groups are also referred to as “polymerizable groups” or “P”.

[0070] Unless otherwise stated, the term “polymerizable compound” as used herein should be understood as a polymerizable monomeric compound.

[0071] As used herein, the term “low molecular weight compound” should be understood to mean a monomeric compound and / or a compound not prepared by polymerization, as opposed to “polymeric compound” or “polymer”.

[0072] As used herein, the term “non-polymerizable compound” should be understood to mean a compound that does not contain functional groups suitable for polymerization under the conditions typically applied to RM polymerization.

[0073] As used herein, the term "mesocrystalline group" is known to those skilled in the art and described in the literature, and it refers to a group that substantially contributes to the formation of a liquid crystal (LC) phase in a low molecular weight or polymeric substance due to the anisotropy of its attractive and repulsive interactions. A compound containing a mesocrystalline group (mesocrystalline compound) does not necessarily have an LC phase by itself. Mesocrystalline compounds may also exhibit LC phase behavior only after being mixed with other compounds and / or after polymerization. Typical mesocrystalline groups are, for example, rigid roller or disk-shaped units. Roller mesocrystalline compounds are also referred to as rod-shaped mesocrystalline compounds because they often form rod-shaped phases (e.g., nematic or smectic phases). In this disclosure, mesocrystalline preferably refers to rod-shaped mesocrystalline compounds. Terms and definitions used in connection with mesocrystalline or LC compounds are given in Pure Appl. Chem. 2001, 73(5), 888 and C. Tschierske, G. Pelzl, S. Diele, Angew. Chem. 2004, 116, 6340-6368.

[0074] As used herein, the term "spacer group" (hereinafter also referred to as "Sp") is known to those skilled in the art and described in the literature, see, for example, Pure Appl. Chem. 2001, 73(5), 888 and C. Tschierske, G. Pelzl, S. Diele, Angew. Chem. 2004, 116, 6340-6368. As used herein, the term "spacer group" or "spacer group" means a flexible group, such as an alkyl group, which is attached to a mesocrystalline group or one or more polymerizable groups in a polymerizable mesocrystalline compound.

[0075] In the context, This indicates trans-1,4-extrinsic cyclohexyl ring, and It represents a 1,4-epenylphenyl ring.

[0076] In groups In the diagram, it is shown that the single bond between two ring atoms can be attached to any free position on the benzene ring.

[0077] In this context, "organic group" refers to a carbon or hydrocarbon group.

[0078] "Carbon group" refers to a monovalent or polyvalent organic group containing at least one carbon atom, wherein the group does not contain other atoms (e.g., -C≡C-) or, as desired, contains one or more other atoms, such as N, O, S, B, P, Si, Se, As, Te, or Ge (e.g., carbonyl group). The term "hydrocarbon group" refers to a carbon group that additionally contains one or more H atoms and, as desired, one or more heteroatoms, such as N, O, S, B, P, Si, Se, As, Te, or Ge.

[0079] "Halogen" refers to F, Cl, Br or I, with F or Cl being preferred.

[0080] -CO-, -C(=O)-, and -C(O)- represent carbonyl groups, i.e. .

[0081] The carbonyl or hydrocarbon group can be saturated or unsaturated. Unsaturated groups are, for example, aryl, alkenyl, or alkynyl groups. The carbonyl or hydrocarbon group having more than 3 carbon atoms can be straight-chain, branched, and / or cyclic, and may also contain helical links or fused rings.

[0082] The terms "alkyl", "aryl", and "heteroaryl" also include polyvalent groups, such as alkylene, aryl, and heteroaryl.

[0083] The term "aryl" refers to an aromatic carbon group or a group derived therefrom. The term "heteroaryl" refers to an "aryl" group as defined above that contains one or more heteroatoms (preferably selected from N, O, S, Se, Te, Si, and Ge).

[0084] Preferred carbonyl and hydrocarbon groups may be substituted as needed, and may be straight-chain, branched, or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, and alkoxycarbonyloxy groups having 1 to 40, preferably 1 to 20, most preferably 1 to 12 C atoms; aryl or aryloxy groups having 5 to 30, preferably 6 to 25 C atoms may be substituted as needed; or alkylaryl, aralkyl, alkylaryloxy, arylalkyloxy, arylcarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, arylcarbonyloxy, and aryloxycarbonyloxy groups having 5 to 30, preferably 6 to 25 C atoms may be substituted as needed, wherein one or more C atoms may also be replaced by heteroatoms (preferably selected from N, O, S, Se, Te, Si, and Ge).

[0085] Further preferred carbonyl and hydrocarbon groups are C1-C20 alkyl, C2-C20 alkenyl, C2-C20 alkynyl, C3-C20 allyl, C4-C20 alkyldienyl, C4-C20 polyenyl, C6-C20 cycloalkyl, C4-C15 cycloalkenyl, C6-C30 aryl, C6-C30 alkylaryl, C6-C30 aralkyl, C6-C30 alkylaryloxy, C6-C30 arylalkoxy, C2-C30 heteroaryl, and C2-C30 heteroaryloxy.

[0086] Particularly preferred are C1-C12 alkyl, C2-C12 alkenyl, C2-C12 alkynyl, C6-C25 aryl and C2-C25 heteroaryl.

[0087] Further preferred carbonyl and hydrocarbon groups are straight-chain, branched, or cyclic alkyl groups having 1-20, preferably 1-12 C atoms, which are unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted with F, Cl, Br, I, or CN, and one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be independently replaced by -C(Rx)=C(Rx)-, -C≡C-, -N(Rx)-, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O- in such a way that the O, H, and / or S atoms are not directly connected to each other.

[0088] Rx preferably represents H, F, Cl, CN, a straight-chain, branched, or cyclic alkyl chain having 1 to 25 C atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent C atoms may be replaced by -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, and one or more H atoms may be replaced by F or Cl, or represents an aryl or aryloxy group having 6 to 30 C atoms as desired, or a heteroaryl or heteroaryloxy group having 2 to 30 C atoms as desired.

[0089] Preferred alkyl groups include, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, 2-methylbutyl, n-pentyl, sec-pentyl, cyclopentyl, n-hexyl, cyclohexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n-heptyl, cycloheptyl, n-octyl, cyclooctyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl, dodecyl, trifluoromethyl, perfluoron-butyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, perfluorooctyl, perfluorohexyl, etc.

[0090] Preferred alkenyl groups include, for example, vinyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, cyclopentenyl, hexenyl, cyclohexenyl, heptenyl, cycloheptenyl, octenyl, cyclooctenyl, etc.

[0091] Preferred alkynyl groups include, for example, ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, penynyl, hexynyl, octyynyl, etc.

[0092] Preferred alkoxy groups include, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, 2-methoxyethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, 2-methylbutoxy, n-pentoxy, n-hexoxy, n-heptoxy, n-octoxy, n-nonoxy, n-decoxy, n-undecoxy, n-dodecoxy, etc.

[0093] Preferred amino groups include, for example, dimethylamino, methylamino, methylphenylamino, phenylamino, etc.

[0094] Aryl and heteroaryl groups can be monocyclic or polycyclic, meaning they can contain one ring (e.g., phenyl) or two or more rings, and can be fused (e.g., naphthyl) or covalently bonded (e.g., biphenyl), or a combination of fused and linking rings. Heteroaryl groups contain one or more heteroatoms, preferably selected from O, N, S, and Se.

[0095] Particularly preferred are mono-, di-, or tricyclic aryl groups having 6-25 carbon atoms and mono-, di-, or tricyclic heteroaryl groups having 5-25 ring atoms, which may contain fused rings as desired and may be substituted as desired. Further preferred are 5-, 6-, or 7-membered aryl and heteroaryl groups, wherein one or more CH groups may be replaced by N, S, or O in such a manner that the O atoms and / or S atoms are not directly connected to each other.

[0096] Preferred aryl groups include, for example, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, [1,1':3',1'']-terphenyl-2'-yl, naphthyl, anthracene, biphenylnaphthyl, phenanthrene, 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene, pyrene, dihydropyrene, β-, dinaphthylbenzene, tetraphenyl, pentaphenyl, benzo[a]pyrene, fluorene, indene, indo[a]fluorene, spirobifluorene, etc.

[0097] Preferred heteroaryl groups are, for example, 5-membered rings, such as pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, 1,2,3-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole, tetrazolium, furan, thiophene, selenophene, oxazole, isoxazole, 1,2-thiazole, 1,3-thiazole, 1,2,3-oxadiazole, 1,2,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,5-oxadiazole, 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,3-thiadiazole. Zr, 1,2,4-thiadiazole, 1,2,5-thiadiazole, 1,3,4-thiadiazole, 6-membered ring, such as pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, 1,3,5-triazine, 1,2,4-triazine, 1,2,3-triazine, 1,2,4,5-tetraazine, 1,2,3,4-tetraazine, 1,2,3,5-tetraazine, or fused groups, such as indole, isoindole, indole Azine, Indazole, Benzimidazole, Benzotriazole, Purine, Naphthemidazole, Phenylempimidazole, Pyridinium pyridimazole, Pyrazinium pyridimazole, Quinoxaline pyridimazole, Benzoxazole, Naphthemidazole, Anthraxazole, Phenylempimidazole, Isoxazole, Benzothiazolium, Benzofuran, Isobenium pyridimazole, Dibenzofuran, Quinoline, Isoquinoline, Pteridine, Benzo-5,6-quinoline, Benzo-6,7-quinoline, Benzo- 7,8-quinoline, benzoisoquinoline, acridine, phenothiazine, phenothiazine, benzopyridinium, benzopyrimidine, quinoxaline, phenothiazine, naphthidine, azirazole, benzopyrroline, phenanthridine, phenanthroxaline, thieno[2,3b]thiophene, thieno[3,2b]thiophene, dithieno[2,3b]thiophene, isobenzo[2,3b]thiophene, dibenzo[2,3b]thiophene, ... or combinations thereof.

[0098] The aryl and heteroaryl groups mentioned in the context may also be substituted by alkyl, alkoxy, thioalkyl, fluorine, fluoroalkyl or other aryl or heteroaryl groups.

[0099] (Non-aromatic) alicyclic and heterocyclic groups can include both saturated rings (i.e., rings containing only single bonds) and partially unsaturated rings (i.e., those containing multiple bonds). Heterocyclic groups contain one or more heteroatoms, preferably selected from Si, O, N, S, and Se.

[0100] (Non-aromatic) alicyclic and heterocyclic groups can be monocyclic, i.e., containing only one ring (e.g., cyclohexane), or polycyclic, i.e., containing multiple rings (e.g., decahydronaphthalene or bicyclooctane). Saturated groups are particularly preferred. Furthermore, mono-, bi-, or tricyclic groups having 5-25 ring atoms are preferred, which may contain fused rings as desired and may be substituted as desired. Further preferred are 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-membered carbocyclic groups, wherein one or more C atoms may be replaced by Si and / or one or more CH groups may be replaced by N and / or one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be replaced by -O- and / or -S-.

[0101] Preferred alicyclic and heterocyclic groups include, for example, 5-membered groups such as cyclopentane, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrothiophene, and pyrrolidine; 6-membered groups such as cyclohexane, silinane, cyclohexene, tetrahydropyran, tetrahydrothioran, 1,3-dioxane, 1,3-dithiane, and guanidine; 7-membered groups such as cycloheptane; and fused groups such as tetrahydronaphthalene, decahydronaphthalene, indane, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1,3-diyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1,4-diyl, spiro[3.3]heptane-2,6-diyl, and octahydro-4,7-bridged methylene indane-2,5-diyl.

[0102] Preferred substituents for the aforementioned cyclic groups are, for example, solubility-promoting groups, such as alkyl or alkoxy groups; electron-withdrawing groups, such as fluorine, nitro, or nitrile groups; or substituents used to increase the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer, particularly bulky groups, such as tert-butyl or aryl groups substituted as needed.

[0103] Preferred substituents of the aforementioned cyclic groups, hereinafter also referred to as "LS", are, for example, F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, -NO2, -NCS, -C(=O)N(Rx)2, -C(=O)Y1, -C(=O)Rx, -N(Rx)2, straight-chain or branched alkyl, alkoxy, alkyl carbonyl, alkoxy carbonyl, alkyl carbonyloxy or alkoxy carbonyloxy having 1 to 25 C atoms, wherein one or more H atoms may be replaced by F or Cl as desired, silyl having 1 to 20 Si atoms as desired, or aryl having 6 to 25, preferably 6 to 15 C atoms as desired. Where Rx represents H, F, Cl, CN, or a straight-chain, branched, or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 25 C atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent CH2- groups are replaced as needed by -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O- in such a way that the O-, H-, and / or S- atoms are not directly connected to each other, and wherein one or more H atoms are each replaced as needed by F, Cl, P-, or P-Sp-, and Y1 represents halogen.

[0104] "Substituted silyl or aryl" preferably means that it is substituted with halogen, -CN, R0, -OR0, -CO-R0, -CO-O-R0, -O-CO-R0 or -O-CO-O-R0, wherein R0 represents H or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 C atoms.

[0105] Particularly preferred substituents (LS) include, for example, F, Cl, CN, NO2, CH3, C2H5, OCH3, OC2H5, COCH3, COC2H5, COOCH3, COOC2H5, CF3, OCF3, OCHF2, OC2F5, and also phenyl. Better or L has one of the meanings mentioned above.

[0106] The polymerizable group P (also denoted as P1, P2, etc.) is a group suitable for polymerization reactions (e.g., free radical or ionic chain polymerization, addition polymerization, or condensation polymerization), or a group suitable for polymer-analogous reactions (e.g., addition or condensation on the polymer backbone). Groups suitable for chain polymerization, especially those containing C=C double bonds or -C≡C- triple bonds, and groups suitable for ring-opening polymerization, such as oxobutyl or epoxy groups, are particularly preferred.

[0107] The preferred group P is selected from the group consisting of: CH2=CW1-CO-O-, CH2=CW1-CO-, , , , , CH2=CW2-(O)k3-, CW1=CH-CO-(O)k3-, CW1=CH-CO-NH-, CH2=CW1-CO-NH-, CH3-CH=CH-O-, (CH2=CH)2CH-OCO-, (CH2=CH-CH2)2CH-OCO-, (CH2=CH)2CH- O-, (CH2=CH-CH2)2N-, (CH2=CH-CH2)2N-CO-, CH2=CW1-CO-NH-, CH2=CH-(COO)k1-Phe-(O)k2-, CH2=CH-(CO)k1-Phe-(O)k2-, Phe-CH=CH-, HOOC-, OCN- And W4W5W6Si-, wherein W1 represents H, F, Cl, CN, CF3, phenyl or alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, especially H, F, Cl or CH3, W2 and W3 each independently represent H or alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, especially H, methyl, ethyl or n-propyl, W4, W5 and W6 each independently represent Cl, oxaalkyl or oxacarbonylalkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, W7 and W8 each independently represent H, Cl or alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, Phe represents 1,4-ephenylphenyl, which is substituted as needed by one or more groups L different from P-SP- as defined above, k1, k2 and k3 each independently represent 0 or 1, k3 preferably represents 1, and k4 represents an integer from 1 to 10.

[0108] The highly preferred group P is selected from the group consisting of: CH2=CW1-CO-O-, CH2=CW1-CO-, , , , CH2=CW2-O-, CH2=CW2-, CW1=CH-CO-(O)k3-, CW1=CH-CO-NH-, CH2=CW1-CO-NH-, (CH2=CH)2CH-OCO-, (CH2=CH-CH2)2CH-OCO-, (CH2=CH)2CH-O-, (CH2=CH-CH2)2N-, (CH2=CH-CH2)2N-CO-, CH2=CW1-CO-NH-, where W1, W2, W7 and W8 are each independently defined as above, k1, k2 and k3 each independently represent 0 or 1, k3 preferably represents 1, and k4 represents an integer from 1 to 10.

[0109] The highly preferred group P is selected from the group consisting of: CH2=CW1-CO-O-, especially CH2=CH-CO-O-, CH2=C(CH3)-CO-O- and CH2=CF-CO-O-, preferably methacrylate or acrylate (including mixed groups), and most preferably methacrylate.

[0110] If the spacer group Sp is different from a single bond, it is preferably of the formula Sp"-X, such that each group P-Sp- is equivalent to the formula P-Sp"-X"-, where "Sp" represents a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 12, carbon atoms, which may be mono- or poly-substituted with F, Cl, Br, I, or CN as desired, and wherein one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups are each independently replaced by -O-, -S-, -NH-, -N(R0)-, -Si(R0R00)-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -S-CO-, -CO-S-, -N(R00)-CO-O-, -O-CO-N(R0)-, -N(R0)-CO-N(R00)-, -CH=CH-, or -C≡C- in such a way that the O and / or S atoms are not directly connected to each other. X" represents -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -CO-N(R0)-, -N(R0)-CO-, -N(R0)-CO-N(R00)-, -OCH2-, -CH2O-, -SCH2-, -CH2S-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CF2S-, -SCF2-, -CF2CH2-, -CH2CF2-, -CF2CF2-, -CH=N-, -N=CH-, -N=N-, -CH=CR0-, -CY2=CY3-, -C≡C-, -CH=CH-CO-O-, -O-CO-CH=CH- or a single bond. R0 and R00 each independently represent H or an alkyl group having 1-20 carbon atoms, and Y2 and Y3 each independently represent H, F, Cl, or CN. X" is preferably -O-, -S-, -CO-, -COO-, -OCO-, -O-COO-, -CO-NR0-, -NR0-CO-, -NR0-CO-, or a single bond.

[0111] Typical spacer groups Sp and -Sp"-X"- are, for example, -(CH2)p1-, -(CH2)p1-O-, -(CH2)p1-O-CO-, -(CH2)p1-CO-O-, -(CH2)p1-O-CO-O-, -(CH2CH2O)q1-CH2CH2-, -CH2CH2-S-CH2CH2-, -CH2CH2-NH-CH2CH2-, or -(SiR0R00-O)p1-, where p1 is an integer from 1 to 12, q1 is an integer from 1 to 3, and R0 and R00 have the meanings stated above.

[0112] The particularly preferred groups Sp and -Sp"-X"- are -(CH2)p1-, -(CH2)p1-O-, -(CH2)p1-O-CO-, -(CH2)p1-CO-O-, and -(CH2)p1-O-CO-O-, where p1 and q1 have the meanings indicated above.

[0113] The particularly preferred group Sp" in each case is a straight-chain ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, octadecyl, ethyloxyethyl, methyloxybutyl, ethylthioethyl, ethyl-N-methylimino-ethyl, 1-methylalkyl, vinyl, propenyl, and butenyl.

[0114] In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula I and its sub-formulas contains a spacer group Sp substituted with one or more polymerizable groups P, such that the group Sp-P corresponds to Sp(P)s, where s is ≥2 (branched polymerizable group).

[0115] Further preferred are compounds of formula I and its derivatives as described in the context, wherein Sp represents -(CH2)p1-, and p1 is 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, preferably 3. The preferred compounds of formula I and its derivatives are selected from the following preferred embodiments, including any combination thereof: - All the P groups in the compound have the same meaning. -P is selected from the group consisting of acrylate, methacrylate, and oxetyl groups, with acrylate or methacrylate being particularly preferred. -P represents a methyl propylene group. -L1 represents F, Cl, or CH3.

[0116] Suitable and preferred additives HH are selected from the following formula: HH-1 HH-2 HH-3 HH-4 HH-5 HH-6 HH-7 HH-8

[0117] In a preferred embodiment, the LC medium contains the additive compound HH-A of formula HH-A. HH-A in n can be 3 or 4, preferably 3. B is an n-substituted organic group having at least one C atom, preferably a substituted aryl or alkyl group, more preferably 1,2,4-benzyltriyl, 1,3,5-benzyltriyl or 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl or any of the following non-cyclic definitions, wherein the dashed line indicates the linkage site: , or , Where R is H or an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, Pip is a formula or group X is -O-, O(CO), (CO)O, or -O-(CH2)mO-, where m is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8. Preferably, X is -O- or O(CO), where the ester O is attached to the Pip. Z1 is a single bond, -O-, -(CO)O-, -O(CO)-, -(CO)-, or an alkyl group with 1 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably a single bond. Z2 is an alkyl group or a single bond with 1 to 15 carbon atoms. A1 is a single bond, an aromatic or alicyclic group, which may be mono- or poly-substituted by the group L, preferably a single bond. 1,4-Phenylene or cyclohexane-1,4-diyl groups, substituted with one or two L groups as needed, are preferably single bonds. R1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, wherein H may be replaced by F or Cl, or H, preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and most preferably n-butyl.

[0118] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the LC medium comprises one or more, preferably one or two, self-aligning additives of Formula I for vertical alignment.

[0119] Self-aligning additives can be polymerized in an LC medium under conditions similar to those applied to the RM in the PSA process. Typically, they are polymerized simultaneously with the RM in the PSA process.

[0120] Suitable SA additives for inducing vertical alignment, particularly for SA-VA mode displays, are disclosed, for example, in US 2013 / 0182202 A1, US 2014 / 0838581 A1, US 2015 / 0166890 A1 and US 2015 / 0252265 A1.

[0121] In Formula I, the MES group is preferably selected from the following structures, which can be mono- or poly-substituted by any substituents L and -Sp-P: in L, in each case, independently represents H, F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, -NO2, -NCS, -C(=O)N(R0)2, -C(=O)R0, silyl as required, aryl or cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms as required, or straight-chain or branched alkyl having up to 25 carbon atoms, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, or alkoxycarbonyloxy, wherein one or more H atoms may be replaced by F or Cl respectively. P represents a polymerizable group, and Sp represents a spacer base or a single bond. The dashed line represents the connection point of the polar anchoring group Ra.

[0122] Preferably, the self-aligning additive used for vertical alignment is selected from formula Ia R1-[A2-Z2]m-A1-Ra Ia Wherein at least one of rings A1 and A2 or the anchoring group Ra has at least one polymerizable group -Sp-P, and wherein A1 and A2 each independently represent aromatic, heteroaromatic, alicyclic, or heterocyclic groups, which may also contain fused rings, and may be mono- or poly-substituted by L or -Sp-P groups. L in each case independently represents H, F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, -NO2, -NCS, -C(=O)N(RO)2, -C(=O)RO, silyl as required, aryl or cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms as required, or straight-chain or branched alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, or alkoxycarbonyloxy, wherein, in addition, one or more H atoms may be replaced by F or Cl respectively. P represents a polymerizable group, and Sp represents a spacer base or a single bond. Z2 represents a single bond independently of each other in each case: -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O, -OCO-, -O-CO-O-, -OCH2, -CH2O-, -SCH2-, -CH2S-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CF2S-, -SCF2-, -(CH2)n1-, -CF2CH2-, -CH2CF2-, -(CF2)n1-, -CH=CH-, -CF=CF-, -C≡C-, -CH=CH-COO-, -OCO-CH=CH-, -(CR0R00)n1-, -CH(-Sp-P)-, -CH2CH(-Sp-P)-, or -CH(-Sp-P)CH(-Sp-P)-. n1 represents 1, 2, 3, or 4. m represents 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6. R0, in each case, independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms. R00, in each case, independently represents H or an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms. R1 independently represents H, a halogen, a straight-chain, branched, or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 25 C atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may each be replaced by -C≡C-, -CH=CH-, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, or -O-CO-O- such that the O, H, and / or S atoms are not directly connected to each other, and furthermore, one or more H atoms may each be replaced by F or Cl, or the group -Sp-P, and Ra is defined as above, and preferably further defined as a polar anchoring group having at least one group selected from -OH, -NH2, NHR11 and C(O)OH, wherein R11 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.

[0123] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the self-aligning additive is a polymerizable compound wherein at least one of the ring elements A1 and A2 is substituted with at least one -Sp-P group. Even more preferably, ring element A1 is substituted with one or two -Sp-P groups, preferably two -Sp-P groups.

[0124] In another preferred embodiment, the LC media or polymer-stabilized SA-VA display according to the invention comprises one or more self-aligning additives selected from Table D below.

[0125] The anchoring group Ra of the self-aligning additive is preferably defined as follows: Ra is an anchoring group according to the following formula. or in p represents 1 or 2, q represents 2, 3, or 4. B represents a substituted or unsubstituted cyclic system or a fused cyclic system, preferably selected from the cyclic systems of benzene, pyridine, cyclohexane, dioxane, or tetrahydropyran. Y independently represents -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -NR11- or a single bond. o represents 0 or 1. X1 independently represents H, alkyl, fluoroalkyl, OH, NH2, NHR11, NR112, -PO(OR11)2, -SO2R11, OR11, C(O)OH, or -CHO, wherein at least one group X1 represents a group selected from -OH, -NH2, NHR11, -PO(OR11)2, -SO2R11, C(O)OH, and -CHO. Z1 independently –(CO)-CH2(CO)OCH3,–(CO)-CH2(CO)-(C=CH2)-OCH3,–(CO)-CH2(CO)-(CH=CH)-OCH3,–(CO)-(CO)OCH3,–CH2-(CO)-(CO)OCH3,–(CO)-CH3,–(CO)-CH2(CO)-(CH2CH2)-OCH3, P is a polymerizable group. R11 indicates an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms. R12 is H, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, P or X1, Spa, Spc, and Spd each independently represent spacer bases or single bonds, and Spb indicates a trivalent or tetravalent group, preferably CH, N, or C.

[0126] In this disclosure, "medium containing a compound of formula I / Ia" refers to both a medium containing a compound of formula I / Ia and a medium containing a compound in its polymeric form.

[0127] In compounds of formula Ia and its sub-formulas, Z1 and Z2 preferably represent single bonds, -C2H4-, -CF2O-, or -CH2O-. In particularly preferred embodiments, Z1 and Z2 each independently represent a single bond.

[0128] In compounds of formula Ia, the group L in each case preferably represents F or an alkyl group, preferably CH3, C2H5 or C3H7.

[0129] The preferred compounds of formula I are described by the following sub-formulas IA to IC: IA IB IC Where R1, Ra, A2, Z2, Sp, and P have the meanings defined above for equation Ia. L1 is defined independently as L in the above equation Ia. m can be independently 1, 2, or 3, and r1 can be 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, with 0, 1 or 2 being preferred.

[0130] In compounds of formulas IA to IC, L1 preferably represents F or an alkyl group, preferably CH3, C2H5 or C3H7.

[0131] In a preferred embodiment, r2 represents 1 and / or r1 represents 0.

[0132] The polymerizable group P of formulas I, Ia, IA to IC is preferably methacrylate, acrylate or another substituted acrylate, most preferably methacrylate.

[0133] In the context of formulas Ia or IA to IC and their subformulas, Z1 preferably independently represents a single bond or -CH2CH2-, and especially a single bond.

[0134] Ra is better represented or Where p = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, x=1 or 0, preferably 1, and R22 can be H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, or -CH2CH2-tert-butyl. In particular, -O(CH2)2-OH, -O(CH2)3-OH, , , , , , , , , , , , or .

[0135] In formula Ia and in its sub-formulas, R1 preferably represents a straight-chain alkyl or branched alkyl group having 1-8 carbon atoms, preferably a straight-chain alkyl group. In compounds of formula Ia or IA to ID, R1 more preferably represents CH3, C2H5, n-C3H7, n-C4H9, n-C5H11, n-C6H13, or CH2CH(C2H5)C4H9. R1 may also represent an olefinic group, particularly OCH2CH=CH2, OCH2CH=CHCH3, OCH2CH=CHC2H5, or an alkoxy group, particularly OC2H5, OC3H7, OC4H9, OC5H11, and OC6H13. Particularly preferred R1 represents a straight-chain alkyl residue, preferably C5H11.

[0136] Compounds and intermediates of Formula I and HH and their subforms can be prepared by methods known to those skilled in the art and described in standard organic chemistry literature, for example, in Houben-Weyl, Methoden der organischen Chemie [Methods of Organic Chemistry], Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart. Compounds of Formula I can be prepared, for example, by procedures similar to those described in WO2017 / 041893, and various compounds of Formula HH are also described in the chemical literature.

[0137] In order to produce PSA displays, polymerizable compounds contained in LC media are polymerized or crosslinked in situ by applying voltage to electrodes simultaneously in the LC media (between the substrates of the LC display) as needed (if a compound contains two or more polymerizable groups).

[0138] The structure of the PSA display according to the invention corresponds to the typical geometry of a PSA display, as described in the prior art cited at the beginning. A geometry without protrusions is preferred, particularly those electrodes on the color filter side that are unstructured and have slots only on the TFT side. A particularly suitable and preferred electrode structure for a PS-VA display is described, for example, in US 2006 / 0066793 A1.

[0139] The preferred PSA-type LC display of the present invention includes: - A first substrate, comprising a primitive electrode defining a primitive region (the primitive electrode is connected to a switching element disposed in each primitive region and may include a microslit pattern as needed), and a first alignment layer disposed on the primitive electrode as needed. - A second substrate, comprising a common electrode layer (which may be disposed on the entire portion of the second substrate facing the first substrate), and a second alignment layer as needed. - An LC layer disposed between the first and second substrates and comprising the LC medium according to the invention as described in the context, wherein the polymerizable component (A) may also be polymerized.

[0140] Self-aligning additives contained in the medium induce vertical alignment (perpendicular to the surface) or tilted vertical alignment of the LC layer.

[0141] An LC layer with an LC dielectric can be deposited between the substrates of a display using methods commonly used by display manufacturers, such as so-called drop-down (ODF) or inkjet printing. The polymerizable components of the LC dielectric are then polymerized, for example, by UV photopolymerization. This polymerization can be carried out in one step or in two or more steps.

[0142] A PSA display may include other components such as color filters, black matrices, passivation layers, optical delay layers, transistor elements for addressing individual primitives, and so on, all of which are well known to those skilled in the art.

[0143] Those skilled in the art can design electrode structures depending on the individual display type. For example, for a PS-VA display, multi-domain orientation of LC molecules can be initiated by providing electrodes with slits and / or bumps or protrusions to generate two, four or more different tilted alignment directions.

[0144] Following polymerization, the polymerizable compound forms a cross-linked polymer, which causes a certain pre-tilt of LC molecules in the LC medium. Without being bound by specific theories, it is believed that at least a portion of the cross-linked polymer formed by the polymerizable compound will separate the phase or precipitate from the LC medium and form a polymer layer on the substrate or electrode. Microscopic measurements (such as SEM and AFM) have confirmed that at least a portion of the formed polymer accumulates at the LC / substrate interface.

[0145] Polymerization can be carried out in a single step. Alternatively, polymerization can be performed first in the first step (with voltage applied simultaneously if necessary) to create a pretilt angle, and then polymerized or crosslinked in a second polymerization step without voltage applied (“final curing”) of compounds that did not react in the first step.

[0146] Suitable and preferred polymerization methods include thermal or photopolymerization, with photopolymerization being preferred, especially UV-induced photopolymerization, which can be achieved by exposing the polymerizable compound to UV radiation.

[0147] One or more polymerization initiators may be added to the LC medium as needed. Suitable conditions for polymerization and suitable types and amounts of initiators are known to those skilled in the art and described in the literature. Suitable initiators for free radical polymerization include, for example, commercially available photoinitiators such as Irgacure 651®, Irgacure 184®, Irgacure 907®, Irgacure 369®, or Darocure 1173® (Ciba AG). If a polymerization initiator is used, its proportion is preferably 0.001 to 5% by weight, and particularly preferably 0.001 to 1% by weight.

[0148] The polymerizable compounds according to the invention are also suitable for initiator-free polymerization, which comes with considerable advantages, such as lower material costs and, in particular, less LC media contamination due to possible residual initiators or their degradation products. Polymerization can therefore be carried out without the addition of an initiator. In a preferred embodiment, the LC medium therefore does not contain a polymerization initiator.

[0149] The LC medium may also contain one or more stabilizers to prevent undesirable spontaneous polymerization of RM, for example, during storage or transport. Suitable types and amounts of stabilizers are known to those skilled in the art and are described in the literature. Particularly suitable stabilizers are, for example, those commercially available from the Irganox® series (Ciba AG), such as Irganox® 1076. If a stabilizer is used, the proportion is preferably 10-500,000 ppm, particularly preferably 50-50,000 ppm (1000 ppm = 0.1% by weight), based on the total amount of RM or polymerizable component (component A).

[0150] Polymerizable compounds of Formula I typically exhibit good UV absorption and are therefore particularly suitable for manufacturing methods of PSA displays that incorporate one or more of the following characteristics: - In a display, a polymerizable medium is exposed to UV light in a two-step process, comprising a first UV exposure step (“UV-1 step”) to create a tilt angle, and a second UV exposure step (“UV-2 step”) to complete the polymerization. - In a display, a polymerizable medium is exposed to UV light generated by an energy-efficient fluorescent UV lamp (also known as a "green UV lamp"). These lamps are characterized by relatively low intensity in their absorption spectrum of 300-380 nm (1 / 100-1 / 10 of that of a conventional UV1 lamp), and they are preferred for use in the UV2 step, but are also used as needed in the UV1 step when avoiding high intensity is necessary for the method. - In the display, the polymerizable medium is exposed to UV light generated by a UV lamp, which has a radiation spectrum shifted to a longer wavelength (preferably 340 nm or longer) to avoid the short UV light exposure in the PS-VA method.

[0151] Both lower intensity and UV light shifted to longer wavelengths are used to protect the organic layer from potential damage caused by UV light.

[0152] A preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a PSA display as described in the context, comprising one or more of the following features: - The polymerizable LC medium is exposed to UV light in a 2-step process, which includes a first UV exposure step (“UV-1 step”) to create a tilt angle, and a second UV exposure step (“UV-2 step”) to complete the polymerization. - The polymerizable LC medium is exposed to UV light with an intensity of 0.5 mW / cm² to 10 mW / cm² in the wavelength range of 300-380 nm generated by a UV lamp, preferably for the UV2 step, and may also be used in the UV1 step if necessary. - Polymerizable LC media can be exposed to UV light with wavelengths of 340 nm or longer, and preferably 400 nm or shorter.

[0153] This preferred method is achieved, for example, by using a desired UV lamp, or by using bandpass and / or cutoff filters that are substantially transmissive to UV light with their respective desired wavelengths and substantially block UV light with their respective undesired wavelengths. For example, when UV light radiation with a wavelength λ of 300-400 nm is desired, UV exposure can be performed using a broadband pass filter that is substantially transmissive to wavelengths 300 nm < λ < 400 nm. When UV light radiation with a wavelength λ greater than 340 nm is desired, UV exposure can be performed using a cutoff filter that is substantially transmissive to wavelengths λ > 340 nm.

[0154] "Substantially transmits" means that the filter transmits most, preferably at least 50% of the intensity of the incident light at the desired wavelength. "Substantially blocks" means that the filter does not transmit most, preferably at least 50% of the intensity of the incident light at the undesired wavelength. "Desired (undesired) wavelength" refers, for example, to wavelengths within (outside) a given λ range in the case of a bandpass filter, and to wavelengths above (below) a given λ value in the case of a cutoff filter.

[0155] This superior approach makes it possible to manufacture displays using longer UV wavelengths, thereby reducing or even avoiding the harmful and damaging effects of short UV light components.

[0156] UV radiation energy is typically 6 to 100 J / cm², depending on the production method and conditions.

[0157] The LC medium according to the invention preferably consists essentially of a polymerizable component A), or one or more polymerizable compounds of formulas I and M1-M32, additive HH, and a non-polymerizable LC component B) or a mixture of LC components, as described in the context.

[0158] However, the LC medium may additionally contain one or more other components or additives, preferably selected from, but not limited to, the following list: comonomers, chiral dopants, polymerization initiators, inhibitors, stabilizers, surfactants, wetting agents, lubricants, dispersants, hydrophobic agents, binders, spreading agents, flow improvers, defoamers, degassing agents, diluents, reactive diluents, additives, colorants, dyes, pigments, and nanoparticles.

[0159] Furthermore, it is preferable that the liquid crystal component B) or the LC host mixture has a nematic LC phase and preferably no chiral liquid crystal phase in the LC medium.

[0160] The LC component B) or the LC bulk mixture is preferably a nematic LC mixture.

[0161] Furthermore, preferably, the achiral compound of Formula I and the compound wherein components A and / or B are selected only from the group consisting of achiral compounds in the LC medium.

[0162] Preferably, the proportion of polymerizable component A) in the LC medium is >0.3 to <5%, very preferably >0.6 to <4%, and most preferably 0.8 to 3%.

[0163] Preferably, the proportion of compound I in the LC medium is 0.2 to <5%, very preferably >0.4 to <3%, and most preferably 0.5 to 2.5%.

[0164] Preferably, the proportion of the compound of formula HH in the LC medium is 0.001 to <0.5%, very preferably >0.002 to <0.1%, and most preferably 0.002 to 0.008%.

[0165] Preferably, the proportion of LC component B in the LC medium is 95% to <100%, and most preferably 97% to <100%.

[0166] In another preferred embodiment, in addition to the compound of formula I, polymerizable component B) comprises one or more other polymerizable compounds (comonomers), preferably selected from RM.

[0167] Suitable and preferred mesocrystalline copolymer monomers are selected from the following formula: M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11 M12 M13 M14 M15 M16 M17 M18 M19 M20 M21 M22 M23 M24 M25 M26 M27 M28 M29 M30 M31 M32 Each group has the following meanings: P1, P2, and P3 each independently represent acrylate or methacrylate groups. Sp1, Sp2, and Sp3 each independently represent a single bond or a spacer group having one of the meanings indicated by the context for Sp, and particularly preferably represent -(CH2)p1-, -(CH2)p1-O-, -(CH2)p1-CO-O-, -(CH2)p1-O-CO-, or -(CH2)p1-O-CO-O-, where p1 is an integer from 1 to 12, wherein, in addition, one or more of the groups P1-Sp1-, P1-Sp2-, and P3-Sp3- can represent Raa, provided that at least one of the present P1-Sp1-, P2-Sp2-, and P3-Sp3- is different from Raa. Raa represents H, F, Cl, CN, or a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be independently replaced by C(R0)=C(R00)-, -C≡C-, -N(R0)-, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O- such that the O and / or S atoms are not directly connected to each other, and wherein one or more H atoms may be replaced by F, Cl, CN, or P1-Sp1-, particularly preferably a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or a mono- or polyfluorinated alkyl group, alkoxy group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, alkyl carbonyl group, alkoxy carbonyl group, alkyl carbonyloxy group, or alkoxy carbonyloxy group (wherein the alkenyl and alkynyl groups have at least two carbon atoms and the branched groups have at least three carbon atoms). R0 and R00, independently of each other and in each instance, represent H or an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, respectively. Ry and Rz each independently represent H, F, CH3, or CF3. X1, X2, and X3 each independently represent -CO-O-, -O-CO-, or a single bond. Z1 represents -O-, -CO-, -C(RyRz)-, or -CF2CF2-. Z2 and Z3 independently represent -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CH2O-, -OCH2-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, or -(CH2)n-, where n is 2, 3, or 4. Each occurrence of L may represent F, Cl, CN, or a straight-chain or branched alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, or alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, whether mono- or polyfluorinated, preferably F, methyl, or methoxy. L' and L'' each independently represent H, F, or Cl. k represents 0 or 1, with 0 being preferred. r represents 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. s represents 0, 1, 2, or 3. t represents 0, 1, or 2. x represents 0 or 1.

[0168] Further preferred are compounds of formulas M1 to M32 and their sub-formulas as described in the context, wherein Sp represents a single bond or -(CH2)p1-, -O-(CH2)p1-, -O-CO-(CH2)p1 or -CO-O-(CH2)p1, where p1 is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, and if Sp is -O-(CH2)p1-, -O-CO-(CH2)p1 or -CO-O-(CH2)p1, then the O atom or CO- group is connected to the benzene ring, respectively.

[0169] Further preferably, compounds of formulas M1 to M32 and their sub-formulas described in the context, wherein one or no Sp group is a single bond, and when Sp is not a single bond, Sp is preferably selected from -(CH2)p1-, -O-(CH2)p1-, -O-CO-(CH2)p1 or -CO-O-(CH2)p1, wherein p1 is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, and if Sp is -O-(CH2)p1-, -O-CO-(CH2)p1 or -CO-O-(CH2)p1, then the O atom or CO- group is connected to the benzene ring, respectively.

[0170] Compounds of formulas M2 and M13 are particularly preferred.

[0171] Further preferred are the three reactive compounds M15 to M31, especially M17, M18, M19, M22, M23, M24, M25, M30, M31 and M32.

[0172] The preferred comonomer is of formula M2-1: M2-1 in L4 and L5 are independently F, Cl, or straight-chain, branched, or cyclic alkyl groups having 1 to 5 C atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent CH2- groups are replaced as needed with -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, or -O-CO-O- such that the O- and / or S atoms are not directly connected to each other, and wherein one or more H atoms are each replaced as needed with F or Cl, preferably F, Cl, CH3, or CH2CH3.

[0173] In particular, the formulas selected from M2-1-1 to M2-1-5 M2-1-1 M2-1-2 M2-1-3 M2-1-4 M2-1-5

[0174] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the LC medium comprises a compound of formula M2, wherein L is as defined above, preferably of formula M2-1 and most preferably of formula M2-1-1.

[0175] Further preferred are the three reactive compounds M1 to M32.

[0176] In compounds of formulas M1 to M32, the group Better or Wherein L has one of the meanings given by the context each time it appears, and is preferably F, Cl, CN, NO2, CH3, C2H5, C(CH3)3, CH(CH3)2, CH2CH(CH3)C2H5, OCH3, OC2H5, COCH3, COC2H5, COOCH3, COOC2H5, CF3, OCF3, OCHF2, OC2F5 or P-Sp-, very preferably F, Cl, CN, CH3, C2H5, OCH3, COCH3, OCF3 or P-Sp-, more preferably F, Cl, CH3, OCH3, COCH3 or OCF3, especially F or CH3.

[0177] Further preferred polymerizable compounds are listed in Table E below.

[0178] In addition to the additives and polymerizable compounds described above, the LC medium for the LC display according to the invention comprises an LC mixture (“body mixture”) containing one or more, preferably two or more, LC compounds selected from non-polymerizable low molecular weight compounds. These LC compounds are selected such that they are stable and / or non-reactive to polymerization reactions under the conditions applied to the polymerization of polymerizable compounds.

[0179] Suitable LC mixtures are known to those skilled in the art and described in the literature, such as the mixtures for VA displays in EP 1 378 557 A1 and the mixtures for OCB displays in EP 1 306 418 A1 and DE 102 24 046 A1.

[0180] In addition to the polymerizable component A) described above, the LC medium according to the invention also comprises LC component B) or an LC bulk mixture containing one or more, preferably two or more, LC compounds selected from non-polymerizable low molecular weight compounds. These LC compounds are selected such that they are stable and / or non-reactive to the polymerization reaction under the conditions applied to the polymerization of the polymerizable compound.

[0181] Based on compounds with negative dielectric anisotropy, the LC dielectric contains LC component B) or an LC bulk mixture. This LC dielectric is particularly suitable for PS-VA and PS-UB-FFS displays. A particularly preferred embodiment of this LC dielectric is those described in sections a)-y) below:

[0182] a) LC medium, wherein component B) or the LC bulk mixture contains one or more compounds selected from CY and PY as defined above, wherein L1 and L2 both represent F or one of L1 and L2 represents F and the other represents Cl, or L3 and L4 both represent F, or one of L3 and L4 represents F and the other represents Cl.

[0183] Compounds of formula CY are preferably selected from the following sub-formulas: CY1 CY2 CY3 CY4 CY5 CY6 CY7 CY8 CY9 CY10 CY11 CY12 CY13 CY14 CY15 CY16 CY17 CY18 CY19 CY20 CY21 CY22 CY23 CY24 CY25 CY26 CY27 CY28 CY29 CY30 CY31 CY32 CY33 CY34 CY35 CY36 CY37 CY38 CY39 CY40 CY41 Where 'a' represents 1 or 2, alkyl and alkyl* each independently represent a straight-chain alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms, cyclopentyl or cyclopropylmethyl, and alkenyl represents a straight-chain alkenyl group having 2-6 carbon atoms, and (O) represents an oxygen atom or a single bond. Alkenyl preferably represents CH2=CH-, CH2=CHCH2CH2-, CH3-CH=CH-, CH3-CH2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)3-CH=CH-, or CH3-CH=CH-(CH2)2-.

[0184] Compounds of formula PY are preferably selected from formula PY* PY* The variables in the formula are as defined for formula PY, and preferably selected from the group of the following sub-formulas: PY1 PY2 PY3 PY4 PY5 PY6 PY7 PY8 PY9 PY10 PY11 PY12 PY13 PY14 PY15 PY16 PY17 PY18 PY19 PY20 Wherein alkyl and alkyl* each independently represent a straight-chain alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms, cyclopentyl, cyclopentylmethyl, cyclopropyl or cyclopropylmethyl, and alkenyl represent a straight-chain alkenyl group having 2-6 carbon atoms, and (O) represents an oxygen atom or a single bond. alkenyl preferably represents CH2=CH-, CH2=CHCH2CH2-, CH3-CH=CH-, CH3-CH2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)3-CH=CH- or CH3-CH=CH-(CH2)2-.

[0185] b) An LC medium, wherein component B) or the LC bulk mixture contains one or more compounds of the following formula: ZK Each of the groups has the following meaning: R3 and R4 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms. Furthermore, one or both non-adjacent CH2 groups (including any terminal carbon -CH2-H) can be replaced by -O-, -CH=CH-, ... -CO-, -O-CO-, or -CO-O- are used to replace O and H atoms in a way that prevents them from being directly bonded to each other. Zy represents -CH2CH2-, -CH=CH-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH2O-, -OCH2-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -C2F4-, -CF=CF-, -CH=CH-CH2O- or a single bond, preferably a single bond.

[0186] Compounds of formula ZK are preferably selected from the following sub-formulas: ZK1 ZK2 ZK3 ZK4 ZK5 ZK6 ZK7 ZK8 ZK9 ZK10 Wherein alkyl and alkyl* each independently represent a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and alkenyl represents a straight-chain alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms. alkenyl preferably represents CH2=CH-, CH2=CHCH2CH2-, CH3-CH=CH-, CH3-CH2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)3-CH=CH-, or CH3-CH=CH-(CH2)2-. The compound of formula ZK1 is particularly preferred.

[0187] The particularly preferred compounds of formula ZK are selected from the following sub-formulas: ZK1a ZK1b ZK1c ZK1d ZK3a ZK3b ZK3c ZK3d ZK3e Among them, propyl, butyl, and pentyl are straight-chain groups. The best are compounds of formulas ZK1a and ZK3b.

[0188] c) An LC medium, wherein component B) or the LC bulk mixture further comprises one or more compounds of the following formula: DK Each of the groups, when appearing in the same or different instances, has the following meaning: R5 and R6 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, wherein one or two additional non-adjacent CH2 groups (including any terminal carbon -CH2-H) can be replaced by -O-, -CH=CH-, -CO-, -OCO-, or -COO- in such a way that the O and H atoms are not directly connected to each other, preferably alkyl or alkoxy groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. e represents 1 or 2.

[0189] Compounds of formula DK are preferably selected from the group consisting of the following formulas: DK1 DK2 DK3 DK4 DK5 DK6 DK7 DK8 DK9 DK10 DK11 DK12 Wherein alkyl and alkyl* each independently represent a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and alkenyl represents a straight-chain alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms. alkenyl preferably represents CH2=CH-, CH2=CHCH2CH2-, CH3-CH=CH-, CH3-CH2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)3-CH=CH-, or CH3-CH=CH-(CH2)2-.

[0190] d) LC media, wherein component B) or the LC bulk mixture further comprises one or more compounds of the following formula: AY Each of the groups has the following meaning: express , or , At least one ring F differs from the extended cyclohexyl group. f represents 1 or 2, R1 and R2 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, wherein one or two additional non-adjacent CH2 groups (including any terminal -CH2-H) can be -O-, -CH=CH-, , , , , , -C≡C-, -CO-, -OCO-, or -COO- are replaced by O and H atoms that are not directly connected to each other. Zx represents -CH2CH2-, -CH=CH-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH2O-, -OCH2-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -C2F4-, -CF=CF-, -CH=CH-CH2O- or a single bond, preferably a single bond. L1 and L2 independently represent F, Cl, OCF3, CF3, CH3, CH2F, and CHF2.

[0191] Preferably, both groups L1 and L2 represent F, or one of groups L1 and L2 represents F and the other represents Cl.

[0192] Compounds of formula LY are preferably selected from the group consisting of the following formulas: LY1 LY2 LY3 LY4 LY5 LY6 LY7 LY8 LY9 LY13 LY14 LY15 LY16 LY17 LY18 LY19 LY20 LY21 Wherein R1 has the meaning given above, alkyl represents a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cyclopentyl or cyclopropylmethyl, (O) represents an oxygen atom or a single bond, and v represents an integer from 1 to 6. R1 preferably represents a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cyclopentyl, cyclopropylmethyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, or a straight-chain alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, especially CH3, C2H5, n-C3H7, n-C4H9, n-C5H11, cyclo-C5H11, CH2=CH-, CH2=CHCH2CH2-, CH3-CH=CH-, CH3-CH2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)3-CH=CH- or CH3-CH=CH-(CH2)2-.

[0193] e) An LC medium, wherein component B) or the LC bulk mixture further comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the following formulas: G1 G2 G3 G4 Where alkyl represents a C1-6 alkyl group, Lx represents H or F, and X represents F, Cl, OCF3, OCHF2, or OCH=CF2. Compounds of formula G1 are particularly preferred, where X represents F.

[0194] f) An LC medium, wherein component B) or the LC bulk mixture further comprises one or more compounds selected from the following formulas: Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6 Y7 Y8 Y9 Y10 R5 has one of the meanings given for R1 above, alkyl represents C1-6-alkyl, d represents 0 or 1, and z and m each independently represent an integer from 1 to 6. R5 in these compounds is particularly preferably C1-6-alkyl or -alkoxy or C2-6-alkenyl, and d is more preferably 1. The LC medium according to the invention preferably comprises one or more compounds of the above-described formula, in an amount ≥ 5% by weight.

[0195] g) An LC medium, wherein component B) or the LC bulk mixture further comprises one or more biphenyl compounds selected from the following formula: B1 B2 B3 Wherein, alkyl and alkyl* each independently represent a straight-chain alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms, and alkenyl and alkenyl* each independently represent a straight-chain alkenyl group having 2-6 carbon atoms. Preferably, alkenyl and alkenyl* represent CH2=CH-, CH2=CHCH2CH2-, CH3-CH=CH-, CH3-CH2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)3-CH=CH-, or CH3-CH=CH-(CH2)2-.

[0196] The proportion of biphenyls of formulas B1 to B3 in the LC main mixture is preferably at least 3% by weight, and particularly ≥5% by weight.

[0197] Compounds of formula B2 are particularly preferred.

[0198] Compounds of formulas B1 to B3 are preferably selected from the following sub-formulas: B1a B2a B2b B2C Wherein alkyl* represents an alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms. The media according to the invention particularly preferably comprise one or more compounds of formula B1a and / or B2c.

[0199] h) LC media, wherein component B) or the LC bulk mixture further comprises one or more terphenyl compounds of the following formula: T R5 and R6 each independently possess one of the meanings mentioned above, and and Each represents itself independently: or , Where L5 represents F or Cl, preferably F, and L6 represents F, Cl, OCF3, CF3, CH3, CH2F or CHF2, preferably F.

[0200] Compounds of formula T are preferably selected from the following sub-formulas: T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 T10 T11 T12 T13 T14 T15 T16 T17 T18 T19 T20 T21 T22 T23 T24 Where R represents a straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy group having 1-7 carbon atoms, R* represents a straight-chain alkenyl group having 2-7 carbon atoms, (O) represents an oxygen atom or a single bond, and m represents an integer from 1 to 6. R* preferably represents CH2=CH-, CH2=CHCH2CH2-, CH3-CH=CH-, CH3-CH2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)3-CH=CH-, or CH3-CH=CH-(CH2)2-.

[0201] R preferably represents methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, or pentoxy.

[0202] The LC main mixture according to the invention preferably includes terphenyl of formula T and its preferred derivative, in an amount preferably 0.5-30% by weight, particularly 1-20% by weight.

[0203] Compounds of formulas T1, T2, T3, and T21 are particularly preferred. In these compounds, R preferably represents an alkyl group, and there is also an alkoxy group, each having 1-5 carbon atoms.

[0204] If the Δn value of the mixture is ≥0.1, then terphenyl is preferably used in the LC medium according to the invention. The preferred LC medium comprises 2-20% by weight of one or more terphenyl compounds of formula T, preferably selected from compounds T1 to T22.

[0205] i) An LC medium, wherein component B) or the LC bulk mixture further comprises one or more tetraphenyl compounds selected from the following formula: Q in RQ is an alkyl, alkoxy, oxalyl, or alkoxyalkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl or alkenoxy group having 2 to 9 carbon atoms, all of which are fluorinated as needed. XQ is F, Cl, a haloalkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a haloalkenyl or alkenoxy group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms. LQ1 to LQ6 are independently H or F, wherein at least one of LQ1 to LQ6 is F.

[0206] Preferred compounds of formula Q are those in which RQ represents a straight-chain alkyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms (most preferably ethyl, n-propyl, or n-butyl).

[0207] Preferred compounds of formula Q are those in which LQ3 and LQ4 are F. Further preferred compounds of formula Q are those in which one or both of LQ3, LQ4, LQ1, and LQ2 are F.

[0208] The preferred compounds of formula Q are those in which XQ represents F or OCF3 (F is very preferred).

[0209] Compounds of formula Q are preferably selected from the following sub-formulas: Q1 Q2 RQ has one of the meanings of formula Q or one of its preferred meanings given in the context, and is preferably ethyl, n-propyl or n-butyl.

[0210] Compounds of formula Q1 are particularly preferred, especially those in which RQ is n-propyl.

[0211] Preferably, the proportion of the compound of formula Q in the LC main mixture is from >0 to ≤5% by weight, very preferably 0.1 to 2% by weight, and most preferably 0.2 to 1.5% by weight.

[0212] Preferably, the LC main mixture contains 1 to 5, more preferably 1 or 2, compounds of formula Q.

[0213] Adding a tetraphenyl compound of formula Q to the LC bulk mixture can reduce ODF inhomogeneity while maintaining high UV absorption, enabling rapid and complete polymerization, achieving strong and rapid tilt angle generation, and increasing the UV stability of the LC medium.

[0214] Furthermore, adding a compound of formula Q with positive dielectric anisotropy to an LC dielectric with negative dielectric anisotropy allows for better control over the values ​​of dielectric constants ε|| and ε⊥. In particular, it enables the achievement of a high dielectric constant ε|| while maintaining a constant dielectric anisotropy Δε, thereby reducing recoil voltage and image lag.

[0215] k) LC medium, wherein component B) or the LC bulk mixture further comprises one or more compounds of formula C: C in RC indicates an alkyl, alkoxy, oxalyl, or alkoxyalkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl or alkenoxy group having 2 to 9 carbon atoms, all of which are fluorinated as needed. XC represents F, Cl, a haloalkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a haloalkenyl or alkenoxy group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms. LC1 and LC2 represent H or F independently of each other, wherein at least one of LC1 and LC2 is F.

[0216] Preferred compounds of formula C are those in which RC represents a straight-chain alkyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms (most preferably ethyl, n-propyl, or n-butyl).

[0217] The preferred compounds of formula C are those in which LC1 and LC2 are F.

[0218] Preferred compounds of formula C are those in which XC represents F or OCF3 (F is very preferred).

[0219] The preferred compounds of formula C are selected from the following formulas. C1 RC has one of the meanings of formula C or one of its preferred meanings given in the context, and is preferably ethyl, n-propyl or n-butyl, with n-propyl being very preferred.

[0220] Preferably, the proportion of the compound of formula C in the LC main mixture is >0 to ≤10% by weight, very preferably 0.1 to 8% by weight, and most preferably 0.2 to 5% by weight.

[0221] Preferably, the LC main mixture contains 1 to 5, more preferably 1, 2 or 3, compounds of formula C.

[0222] Adding a compound of formula C with positive dielectric anisotropy to an LC dielectric with negative dielectric anisotropy allows for better control over the values ​​of the dielectric constants ε|| and ε⊥. In particular, it enables the achievement of a high dielectric constant ε|| while maintaining a constant dielectric anisotropy Δε, thereby reducing recoil voltage and image lag. Furthermore, the addition of a compound of formula C can reduce the viscosity and response time of the LC dielectric.

[0223] l) An LC medium, wherein component B) or the LC bulk mixture further comprises one or more compounds selected from the following formulas: O1 O2 O3 O4 O5 O6 O7 O8 O9 O10 O11 R1 and R2 have the meanings described above, and preferably each independently represents a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a straight-chain alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms.

[0224] The preferred medium comprises one or more compounds selected from the formulas O1, O3, and O4.

[0225] m) LC medium, wherein component B) or the LC bulk mixture further comprises one or more compounds of the following formula: FI in express R9 represents H, CH3, C2H5 or n-C3H7, (F) represents a fluorine substituent as desired, and q represents 1, 2 or 3, and R7 has one of the meanings indicated for R1, preferably in an amount of >3% by weight, particularly ≥5% by weight, very particularly preferably 5-30% by weight.

[0226] The particularly preferred FI compounds are selected from the following sub-formulas: FI1 FI2 FI3 FI4 FI5 FI6 FI7 FI8 R7 preferably represents a straight-chain alkyl group, and R9 represents CH3, C2H5, or n-C3H7. Compounds with the formulas FI1, FI2, and FI3 are particularly preferred.

[0227] n) LC medium, wherein component B) or the LC host mixture further comprises one or more compounds selected from the following formula: VK1 VK2 VK3 VK4 R8 has the meaning relative to R1, and alkyl represents a straight-chain alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms.

[0228] o) LC media, wherein component B) or the LC bulk mixture further comprises one or more compounds containing a tetrahydronaphthyl or naphthyl unit, for example, compounds selected from the following formula: N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9 N10 in R10 and R11 each independently represent alkyl groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, wherein one or two non-adjacent CH2 groups (including the terminal carbon -CH2-H) can be -O-, -CH=CH-, , , , , , -CO-, -OCO-, or -COO- are replaced by alkyl or alkoxy groups in which the O and H atoms are not directly connected to each other, preferably having 1 to 6 C atoms. Furthermore, R10 and R11 preferably represent straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or straight-chain alkenyl groups having 2 to 6 carbon atoms. Z1 and Z2 independently represent -C2H4-, -CH=CH-, -(CH2)4-, -(CH2)3O-, -O(CH2)3-, -CH=CH-CH2CH2-, -CH2CH2CH=CH-, -CH2O-, -OCH2-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -C2F4-, -CF=CF-, -CF=CH-, -CH=CF-, -CH2-, or a single bond.

[0229] p) LC media, wherein component B) or the LC bulk mixture further comprises one or more of the following difluorodibenzo-chromium, benzofuran and / or chromium: BC CR BF RC in R11 and R12 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, wherein one or two non-adjacent CH2 groups (including the terminal carbon -CH2-H) can be -O-, -CH=CH-, , , , , , -CO-, -OCO-, or -COO- are replaced by alkyl or alkoxy groups in which the O and H atoms are not directly connected to each other, preferably having 1 to 6 C atoms. Ring M is trans-1,4-epinocyclohexyl or 1,4-epinophenyl. Zm can be -C2H4-, -CH2O-, -OCH2-, -CO-O-, or -O-CO-. c is 0, 1, or 2. The preferred amount is 3-20 wt%, and the more particular amount is 3-15 wt%.

[0230] The particularly preferred compounds of formulas BC, CR, and RC are selected from the following sub-formulas: BC1 BC2 BC3 BC4 BC5 BC6 BC7 CR1 CR2 CR3 CR4 CR5 CR6 CR7 CR8 CR9 BF1 RC1 RC2 RC3 Wherein alkyl and alkyl* each independently represent a straight-chain alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms, (O) represents an oxygen atom or a single bond, and c is 1 or 2, and alkenyl and alkenyl* each independently represent a straight-chain alkenyl group having 2-6 carbon atoms. alkenyl and alkenyl* preferably represent CH2=CH-, CH2=CHCH2CH2-, CH3-CH=CH-, CH3-CH2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)3-CH=CH- or CH3-CH=CH-(CH2)2-.

[0231] Very particularly preferred are LC body mixtures containing one, two or three compounds of the BC-2 formula.

[0232] q) LC media, wherein component B) or the LC bulk mixture further comprises one or more fluorinated phenanthrenes, dibenzofurans, and dibenzothiophenes selected from the following formulas: PH DBF DBT R11 and R12 each have one of the meanings mentioned above for R11, b represents 0 or 1, L represents F, and r represents 1, 2 or 3.

[0233] The particularly preferred compounds of the formulas PH, BF, and BS are selected from the following sub-formulas: PH1 PH2 DBF1 DBF2 DBT1 DBT2 R and R' each independently represent a straight-chain alkyl group, cyclopentyl, cyclopentylmethoxy, cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethoxy, or an alkoxy group having 1-7 carbon atoms.

[0234] Particularly preferred are compounds of the formula DBF and DBT, selected from the following formula: DBF1a DBT1a R and R′ are straight-chain alkyl groups, cyclopentyl, cyclopentylmethyl, cyclopropyl, or cyclopropylmethyl groups having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.

[0235] r) LC medium, wherein component B) or the LC bulk mixture further comprises one or more monocyclic compounds of the following formula. Y in R1 and R2 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, wherein one or two additional non-adjacent CH2 groups (including the terminal carbon -CH2-H) can be replaced by -O-, -CH=CH-, -CO-, -OCO-, or -COO- in such a way that the O and H atoms are not directly connected to each other. Preferably, the alkyl or alkoxy group has 1 to 6 carbon atoms. L1 and L2 represent F, Cl, OCF3, CF3, CH3, CH2F, and CHF2, respectively, independently.

[0236] Preferably, both L1 and L2 represent F, or one of L1 and L2 represents F and the other represents Cl.

[0237] Compounds of formula Y are preferably selected from the following sub-formulas: Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6 Y7 Y8 Y9 Y10, Wherein, Alkyl and Alkyl* each independently represent a straight-chain alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms, Alkoxy represents a straight-chain alkoxy group having 1-6 carbon atoms, Alkenyl and Alkenyl* each independently represent a straight-chain alkenyl group having 2-6 carbon atoms, and O represents an oxygen atom or a single bond. Alkenyl and Alkenyl* preferably represent CH2=CH-, CH2=CHCH2CH2-, CH3-CH=CH-, CH3-CH2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)3-CH=CH-, or CH3-CH=CH-(CH2)2-.

[0238] The particularly preferred compounds of formula Y are selected from the group consisting of the following formulas: Y6A Y6B Alkoxy preferably refers to a straight-chain alkoxy group having 3, 4, or 5 carbon atoms.

[0239] s)LC media, which, apart from polymerizable compounds as described in the context, do not contain compounds having a terminal ethylene group (-O-CH=CH2).

[0240] t) LC medium, wherein component B) or the LC bulk mixture contains 1 to 8, preferably 1 to 5, compounds of the formula CY1, CY2, PY1 and / or PY2. The proportion of these compounds in the entire LC bulk mixture is preferably 5-60%, particularly preferably 10-35%. The content of each of these compounds is preferably 2-20% in each case.

[0241] u) LC medium, wherein component B) or the LC bulk mixture contains one or more, preferably 1 to 8, more preferably 1 to 5, compounds of the formula CY9, CY10, PY9 and / or PY10. The proportion of these compounds in the entire LC bulk mixture is preferably 5-60%, particularly preferably 10-35%. The content of each of these compounds is preferably 2-20% in each case.

[0242] v) An LC medium, wherein component B) or the LC bulk mixture contains 1-10, preferably 1-8, compounds of formula ZK, particularly compounds of formula ZK1, ZK2 and / or ZK3. These compounds preferably constitute 3-45% of the total LC bulk mixture, particularly preferably 5-45%. The content of each of these compounds is preferably 2-25% in each case.

[0243] w)LC medium, wherein the compounds of formula CY, PY, DK and ZK account for more than 70%, preferably more than 80%, of the total LC bulk mixture.

[0244] x)LC medium, wherein the proportion of compounds of formula CY, PY, DK, DBF, DBT and ZK in the entire LC bulk mixture is greater than 70%, preferably greater than 80%.

[0245] y) LC medium, wherein component B) or the LC bulk mixture contains one or more, preferably 1 to 5, compounds selected from formulas PY1-PY8 (most preferably PY2). The proportion of these compounds in the entire LC bulk mixture is preferably 1-30%, particularly preferably 2-20%. The content of each of these compounds is preferably 1-20% in each case.

[0246] The combination of the compounds of the preferred embodiments described above with the polymerized compounds results in a low threshold voltage, low rotational viscosity, and very good low-temperature stability in the LC medium according to the invention, while maintaining a consistently high clearing point and high HR value, and allowing for the rapid establishment of a particularly low pretilt angle in PSA displays. In particular, this LC medium exhibits a significantly shorter response time in PSA displays compared to prior art media, especially in grayscale response time.

[0247] The LC medium and LC bulk mixture of the present invention preferably have a nematic phase range of at least 80 K, particularly preferably at least 100 K, and have a rotational viscosity of ≤250 mPa·s, preferably ≤200 mPa·s at 20 °C.

[0248] In the VA-type display according to the present invention, the molecules in the LC dielectric layer are aligned perpendicularly to the electrode surface (vertically) or have an inclined vertical alignment when the power is off. When a voltage is applied to the electrode, the LC molecules re-align, and the longitudinal molecular axis is parallel to the electrode surface.

[0249] The LC medium (based on a compound having dielectric anisotropy according to a first preferred embodiment) for use in PS-VA, PS-UB-FFS and SA-VA type displays according to the invention preferably has a dielectric anisotropy Δε of -0.5 to -10, particularly -2.5 to -7.5, at 20°C and 1 kHz.

[0250] The birefringence Δn of the LC medium used in PS-VA, PS-UB-FFS and SA-VA type displays according to the present invention is preferably less than 0.16, particularly preferably 0.06 to 0.14, and very particularly preferably 0.07 to 0.12.

[0251] In the OCB-type display according to the present invention, the molecules in the LC dielectric layer have a “bent” orientation. When a voltage is applied, the LC molecules reorient, and the longitudinal molecular axis is perpendicular to the electrode surface.

[0252] The birefringence Δn of the LC medium according to the present invention used in a PS-OCB type display is preferably 0.14 to 0.22, and more preferably 0.16 to 0.22.

[0253] The LC medium according to the invention may also contain other additives known to those skilled in the art and described in the literature, such as polymerization initiators, inhibitors, stabilizers, surfactants, or chiral dopants. These substances may be polymerizable or non-polymerizable. Polymerizable additives are therefore classified as polymerizable components or component A). Non-polymerizable additives are therefore classified as non-polymerizable components or component B.

[0254] In a preferred embodiment, the LC medium comprises one or more chiral dopants, preferably at a concentration of 0.01 to 1%, and most preferably 0.05 to 0.5%. The chiral dopants are preferably selected from the compounds in Table B below, and most preferably from R- or S-1011, R- or S-2011, R- or S-3011, R- or S-4011 and R- or S-5011.

[0255] In another preferred embodiment, the LC medium comprises a racemic form of one or more chiral dopants (preferably selected from the chiral dopants mentioned in the preceding paragraphs).

[0256] In addition, 0 to 15% by weight of pleochroic dyes, nanoparticles, conductive salts, preferably ammonium ethyl dimethyl dodecyl 4-hexyloxybenzoate, ammonium tetrabutyltetraphenylborate, or complex salts of crown ethers (see, for example, Haller et al., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 24, 249-258 (1973)) can be added to improve conductivity, or substances can be added to modify the dielectric anisotropy, viscosity, and / or orientation of the nematic phase. Such substances are described, for example, in DE-A 22 09 127, 22 40 864, 23 21 632, 23 38 281, 24 50 088, 26 37 430, and 28 53 728.

[0257] The individual components of the preferred embodiments a)-z) of the LC media according to the present invention are known, or the methods for preparing them can be obtained from the prior art by those skilled in the art, as they are based on standard methods described in the literature. For example, corresponding compounds of formula CY are described in EP-A-0 364 538. For example, corresponding compounds of formula ZK are described in DE-A-26 36 684 and DE-A-33 21 373.

[0258] The LC media used according to the invention can be prepared by conventional methods, for example by mixing one or more of the compounds mentioned above with one or more polymerizable compounds as defined above, and, if necessary, with other liquid crystal compounds and / or additives. Typically, the desired amount of the component used in a smaller quantity is dissolved in the component constituting the main component, which is advantageously carried out at elevated temperatures. The solution of the components can also be mixed in an organic solvent such as acetone, chloroform, or methanol, and the solvent is removed again after thorough mixing, for example by distillation. The invention also relates to a method for preparing the LC media according to the invention.

[0259] It will be self-evident to those skilled in the art that the LC medium according to the present invention may also contain, for example, compounds in which H, N, O, Cl, and F are replaced by corresponding isotopes such as deuterium.

[0260] The following examples illustrate the invention but do not limit it. However, they demonstrate to those skilled in the art preferred mixture concepts, as well as preferred compounds and their respective concentrations, and combinations thereof. Furthermore, the examples clarify which properties and combinations of properties are available.

[0261] Preferred mixture compositions are shown in Tables A1 and A2 below. The compounds shown in Table A1 are particularly suitable for LC mixtures with positive dielectric anisotropy. The compounds shown in Table A2 are particularly suitable for LC mixtures with negative dielectric anisotropy. Table A1

[0262] In Table A1, m and n are independent integers from 1 to 12, preferably 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, k is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, and (O)CmH2m+1 means CmH2m+1 or OCmH2m+1. APU-n-OXF ACQU-nF APUQU-nF BCH-nF.F BCH-nF.FF BCH-n.Fm CFU-nF CBC-nm CBC-nmF CCOC-nm CnV CN-XF Cnm CC-nV CC-n-Vm CC-n-kVm CC-nV-Vm CCP-nV-m CCP-Vn-m CCG-VF CCVC-n-V CCP-n-m CP-nV-m CP-Vn-m CPPC-nV-Vm CVCP-1V-OT CLP-n-T CLP-n-OT CLP-nV-T CLP-nV-OT CLP-Vn-T CLP-Vn-OT CLP-nVm-T CLP-nVm-OT CLP-nVk-m CPGP-nm CCP-n0CF3 CCP-nF.FF CGG-nF CGU-nF CDU-nF DCU-nF CCGU-nF CPGU-nF CCPU-nF CPGU-n-OT CCQU-nF CCQG-nF CUQU-nF CQU-nF CCCQU-nF CDUQU-nF CLUQU-nF CPPQU-nF CGUQU-n-F CCZU-n-F CGZP-n-OT CPTU-n-F GPTU-n-F CPU-n-VT CPU-n-AT CPU-n-OXF CWCG-n-F CWCU-n-F CWCQU-n-F Dec-UnF LPP-nm DPGU-nF DPGU-n-OT DGU-nF DELETE-nF ECCP-nm ECCP-nOCF3 GP-n-Cl GGP-n-Cl GGP-nF PGIGI-nF GPQU-nF GUQGU-nF PGU-n-OXF MPP-nF MUQU-nF NUQU-nF PGU-nF PPGU-nF PQU-nF PUQU-nF PGUQU-nF PGP-nm PGP-n-kVm PP-nV-Vm PP-n-kVm PCH-nOm PCH-nCl PYP-nF Table A2

[0263] In Table A2, m and n are independent integers from 1 to 12, preferably 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, k is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, and (O)CmH2m+1 means CmH2m+1 or OCmH2m+1. AIK-nF AIY-n-Om AY-n-Om CAIY-n-Om B-nO-Om About B(S)-cp1O-Om B-nO-O5i B(S)-nO-Om B(S)-cp1O-Om CB-nm CB-n-About PB-nm PB-n-Om BCH-nm BCH-nmF BCN-nm C-1V-V1 CY-n-Om CY-n-Om CY-cp-Om CY(F,Cl)-n-Om CY(Cl,F)-n-Om CCY-n-Om CCY-cp-To CCY(F,Cl)-n-Om CCY(Cl,F)-n-Om CCY-n-m CCY-V-m CCY-Vn-m CCY-n-OmV CBC-nmF CBC-nm CCP-V-m CCP-Vn-m CCP-nV-m CCP-n-m CPYP-n-(O)m CYYC-n-m CCYY-n-(O)m CCY-n-O2V CCH-nOm CCC-n-m CCC-n-V CY-n-m CCH-nm CC-n-V CC-n-V1 CC-n-Vm CC-V-V CC-V-V1 CC-2V-V2 CVC-n-m CC-n-mV CCOC-n-m CP-nOmFF CH-nm CEY-n-Om CEY-V-n CVY-Vn CY-V-On CY-n-O1V CY-n-OC(CH3)=CH2 CCN-nm CY-n-OV CCPC-nm CCY-n-kOm CPY-n-Om CPY-nm CPY-V-Om CPY-3-O1cpr CPY-cp-Om CQY-n-(O)m CQIY-n-(O)m CCQY-n-(O)m CCQIY-n-(O)m CPQY-n-(O)m CPQIY-n-(O)m CPYG-n-(O)m CCY-V-Om CCY-V2-(O)m CCY-1V2-(O)m CCY-3V-(O)m CCVC-n-V CCVC-V-V CPYG-n-(O)m CPGP-n-m CY-nV-(O)m CENaph-n-Om COChrom-n-Om COChrom-n-m CCOChrom-n-Om CCOChrom-n-m CONaph-n-Om CCONaph-n-Om CCNaph-n-Om CNaph-N-Om CETNaph-n-Om CTNaph-n-Om CK-nF CLY-n-Om CLY-nm LYLI-nm CYLI-nm LY-n-(O)m COYOICC-n-m COYOIC-n-V CCOY-V-O2V CCOY-V-O3V COY-n-Om CCOY-n-Om D‑nOmFF PCH-nm PCH-nOm PGIGI-n-F PGP-n-m PP-nm PP-n-2V1 PYP-n-mV PYP-nm PGIY-n-Om PYP-n-Om PPYY-nm PPGU-nF YPY-nm YPY-mV PY-n-Om PY-cp-About PY-nm PY-V2-About DFDBC-n(O)-(O)m Y-nO-Om Y-nO-OmV Y-nO-OkVm YG-n-Om YG-nO-Om YGI-n-About YGI-nO-About YY-n-Om YY-nO-Om

[0264] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the LC medium according to the invention (especially those LC media having negative dielectric anisotropy) comprises one or more compounds selected from Table A2. Table B

[0265] Table B shows possible chiral dopants that can be added to the LC medium according to the present invention. C 15 CB 15 CM 21 R / S-811 CM 44 CM 45 CM 47 CN R / S-2011 R / S-3011 R / S-4011 R / S-5011 R / S-1011

[0266] The LC medium preferably contains 0 to 10% by weight, particularly 0.01 to 5% by weight, and especially preferably 0.1 to 3% by weight of dopant. The LC medium preferably contains one or more dopants selected from the compounds in Table B. Table C

[0267] Table C shows possible stabilizers that can be added to the LC media according to the invention. Wherein n represents an integer from 1 to 12, preferably 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8. For example, STABILIX® (n=3) Irganox-1076®

[0268] The LC medium preferably contains 0 to 10% by weight, particularly 1 to 5% by weight, and especially preferably 1 to 1% by weight of a stabilizer. The LC medium preferably contains one or more stabilizers selected from the compounds in Table C. Table D

[0269] Table D shows self-aligning additives for vertical alignment that can be used together with polymerizable compounds of Formula I in LC media according to the present invention: SA-1 SA-2 SA-3 SA-4 SA-5 SA-6 SA-7 SA-8 SA-9 SA-10 SA-11 SA-12 SA-13 SA-14 SA-15 SA-16 SA-17 SA-18 SA-19 SA-20 SA-21 SA-22 SA-23 SA-24 SA-25 SA-26 SA-27 SA-28 SA-29 SA-30 SA-31 SA-32 SA-33 SA-34 SA-35 SA-36 SA-37 SA-38 SA-39 SA-40 SA-41

[0270] In a preferred embodiment, according to the LC medium of the present invention, the SA-VA display comprises one or more SA additives selected from formulas SA-1 to SA-38, preferably from formulas SA-14 to SA-36, very preferably from formulas SA-20 to SA-28, and most preferably from formulas SA-20 or SA-22, combined with one or more RMs of formula I and one or more of formulas II. Very preferably, a combination of polymerizable compound RM-2 (hereinafter, Example 1) and polymerizable compound RM-3 with SA additives of formulas SA-20 to SA-28, and very preferably from formulas SA-20 or SA-22. Table E

[0271] Table E illustrates illustrative reactive mesocrystalline compounds that can be used in LC media according to the present invention. RM-1 RM-2 RM-3 RM-4 RM-5 RM-6 RM-7 RM-8 RM-9 RM-10 RM-11 RM-12 RM-13 RM-14 RM-15 RM-16 RM-17 RM-18 RM-19 RM-20 RM-21 RM-22 RM-23 RM-24 RM-25 RM-26 RM-27 RM-28 RM-29 RM-30 RM-31 RM-32 RM-33 RM-34 RM-35 RM-36 RM-37 RM-38 RM-39 RM-40 RM-41 RM-42 RM-43 RM-44 RM-45 RM-46 RM-47 RM-48 RM-49 RM-50 RM-51 RM-52 RM-53 RM-54 RM-55 RM-56 RM-57 RM-58 RM-59 RM-60 RM-61 RM-62 RM-63 RM-64 RM-65 RM-66 RM-67 RM-68 RM-69 RM-70 RM-71 RM-72 RM-73 RM-74 RM-75 RM-76 RM-77 RM-78 RM-79 RM-80 RM-81 RM-82 RM-83 RM-84 RM-85 RM-86 RM-87 RM-88 RM-89 RM-90 RM-91 RM-92 RM-93 RM-94 RM-95 RM-96 RM-97 RM-98 RM-99 RM-100 RM-101 RM-102 RM-103 RM-104 RM-105 RM-106 RM-107 RM-108 RM-109 RM-110 RM-111 RM-112 RM-113 RM-114 RM-115 RM-116 RM-117 RM-118 RM-119 RM-120 RM-121 RM-122 RM-123 RM-124 RM-125 RM-126 RM-127 RM-128 RM-129 RM-130 RM-131 RM-132 RM-133 RM-134 RM-135 RM-136 RM-137 RM-138 RM-139 RM-140 RM-141 RM-142 RM-143 RM-144 RM-145 RM-146

[0272] In a preferred embodiment, the mixture according to the invention comprises one or more polymerizable compounds, preferably selected from polymerizable compounds of formula RM-1 to RM-140. Implementation Examples

[0273] The following embodiments illustrate the present invention but do not limit it. However, they demonstrate to those skilled in the art the concept of preferred mixtures and preferred compounds, their corresponding concentrations, and combinations thereof. Furthermore, the embodiments illustrate the achievable performance and combinations thereof.

[0274] In addition, the following abbreviations and symbols were used: V0 represents the threshold voltage at 20℃, capacitance [V]. ne represents the unusual refractive index at 20 °C and 589 nm. no indicates the ordinary refractive index at 20℃ and 589 nm. ∆n represents the optical anisotropy at 20℃ and 589 nm. ε⊥ represents the dielectric constant perpendicular to the director at 20℃ and 1 kHz. ε|| represents the dielectric constant parallel to the director at 20℃ and 1 kHz. Δε represents the dielectric anisotropy at 20 °C and 1 kHz. cl.p.,T(N,I) represents the clearing point [°C]. γ1 represents the rotational viscosity [mPa·s] at 20℃. K1 represents the elastic constant at 20℃, and the "oblique stretching" deformation [pN]. K2 represents the elastic constant at 20℃, and the "torsional" deformation [pN]. K3 represents the elastic constant at 20°C, and the "bending" deformation [pN].

[0275] Unless otherwise expressly stated, all concentrations in this application are given as weight percentages and refer to the entire mixture in question, which contains all solid or liquid crystal components (without solvent).

[0276] Unless otherwise stated, all temperature values ​​indicated in this application, such as melting point T(C,N), transformation from smectic (S) to nematic (N) T(S,N), and clearing point T(N,I), are expressed in degrees Celsius (°C). Mp represents the melting point, and cl.p. = clearing point. Furthermore, C = liquid crystal phase, N = nematic phase, S = smectic phase, and I = isotropic phase. The information between these symbols indicates the transformation temperature.

[0277] All physical properties are and have been determined according to “Merck Liquid Crystals, Physical Properties of Liquid Crystals” Status November 1997, Merck KGaA, Germany, and are applicable to a temperature of 20°C, with Δn measured at 589 nm and Δε measured at 1 kHz, unless otherwise explicitly stated in each case.

[0278] The term "threshold voltage" used in this invention refers to the capacitive threshold (V0), which is also known as the Freedericks threshold, unless otherwise stated. In embodiments, the optical threshold is also given for a relative contrast of 10% (V10), as is generally the case.

[0279] Unless otherwise stated, the method for polymerizing polymerizable compounds in a PSA display as described in the context is carried out at a temperature in which the LC medium exhibits a liquid crystal phase, preferably a nematic phase, and most preferably at room temperature.

[0280] Unless otherwise stated, the preparation of test kits and the measurement of their electro-optic and other properties are carried out by the methods described below or similar methods.

[0281] The display used to measure capacitive threshold voltage consists of two planar parallel glass outer plates spaced 25 µm apart. Each outer plate has an electrode layer on the inside and an unrubbed polyimide alignment layer on the top, which results in vertical edge alignment of liquid crystal molecules.

[0282] The PSVA display or PSVA or test box used to measure tilt angle consists of two plane-parallel glass outer plates spaced 4µm apart. Each outer plate has an electrode layer on the inside and a polyimide alignment layer on the top, wherein the two polyimide layers are antiparallel and rub against each other, resulting in vertical edge alignment of liquid crystal molecules.

[0283] Polymerizable compounds are polymerized in a display or test chamber by irradiating the display with UV light of a defined intensity for a predetermined time while a voltage (typically 10 V to 30 V AC, 1 kHz) is applied to the display. In this embodiment, unless otherwise specified, a metal halide lamp and an intensity of 100 mW / cm² are used for polymerization. This intensity is measured using a standard meter (a high-end Hoenle UV meter with a UV sensor).

[0284] The tilt angle was determined using the Mueller Matrix Polarimeter "AxoScan" from Axometrics. Low values ​​(i.e., large deviations from a 90° angle) correspond to large tilts.

[0285] Unless otherwise stated, the term "tilt angle" refers to the angle between the LC director and the substrate, and "LC director" refers to the preferred orientation of the optical principal axis of the LC molecules in a uniformly oriented LC molecule layer, corresponding to the long axis of the molecules in the case of rod-shaped, uniaxially positive birefringent LC molecules.

[0286] The polymerizable additives used in polymerizable LC mixtures are compounds with the structures RM-1 to RM-146 above.

[0287] Poly-HALS additives for LC media are structures HH-1 to HH-8 provided in the specification, particularly the following structures: . HH-1 Mixture Examples polymerizable mixtures

[0288] The polymerizable mixture according to the invention is prepared by adding a polymerizable compound and a polymerizable self-aligning additive to a nematic LC host mixture. Other additives, such as stabilizers, may be added as needed or are already included as additives in the mixture components.

[0289] The nematic LC bulk mixture is prepared as follows. Unless otherwise specified, dielectric anisotropy Δε is negative, and percentages are by weight %: The main mixture N1 is prepared as follows: BCH-32 6.5% cl.p. [°C] 75 CC-3-V1 8.0% ∆n 0.104 CCH-23 17.0% ∆ε -3.0 CCH-34 6.5% ε|| 3.4 CCY-3-O1 3.5% K3 / K1 1.07 CCY-3-O2 12.5% γ1 106 mPa·s CPY-2-O2 5.5% V0 [V, 20°C]: 2.43 CPY-3-O2 10.0% CY-3-O2 15.5% PCH-3O1 4.5% PP-1-2V1 5.0% PY-3-O2 5.5% Σ 100.0% Main mixture N2 BCH-32 2.0% cl.p. [°C]: 75 CC-3-V 22.5% ∆n: 0.104 CC-3-V1 9.5% ∆ε -3.0 CCP-3-1 3.0% ε||: 3.5 CCY-3-O2 3.5% K3 / K1 1.17 CCY-4-O2 4.0% γ1 99 mPa·s CPY-2-O2 12.0% V0 [V, 20°C]: 2.39 CPY-3-O2 12.5% CY-3-O2 15.5% CY-3-O4 4.0% PCH-3O1 7.0% PP-1-2V1 1.5% PYP-2-3 3.0% Σ 100.0% Main mixture N3 CC-3-V1 9.0 % cl.p. [°C]: 75 CCH-301 3.5 % ∆n [589 nm, 20°C]: 0.098 CCH-34 8.0 % ne [589 nm, 20°C]: 1.580 CCH-35 8.0 % no [589 nm, 20°C]: 1.482 CCP-3-1 6.0 % ∆ε [1 kHz, 20°C]: -3.6 CCY-3-O1 6.5 % ε|| [1 kHz, 20°C]: 3.6 CCY-3-O2 12.5 % ε⊥ [1 kHz, 20°C]: 7.1 CPY-3-O2 10.0 % K1 [pN, 20°C]: 14.1 CY-3-O2 15.5 % K3 [pN, 20°C]: 17.0 PCH-3O1 8.5 % K3 / K1 [pN, 20°C]: 1.21 PY-3-O2 12.5 % V0 [V, 20°C]: 2.31 Σ 100.0 % Main mixture N4 BCH-32 10.0 % cl.p. [°C]: 75 CC-3-V1 6.5 % ∆n [589 nm, 20°C]: 0.111 CCH-34 8.0 % ne [589 nm, 20°C]: 1.598 CCH-35 8.0 % no [589 nm, 20°C]: 1.487 CCY-3-O2 12.0 % ∆ε [1 kHz, 20°C]: -3.3 CPY-2-O2 6.5 % ε|| [1 kHz, 20°C]: 3.5 CPY-3-O2 11.0 % ε⊥ [1 kHz, 20°C]: 6.8 CY-3-O2 15.0 % K1 [pN, 20°C]: 14.5 CY-5-O2 13.0 % K3 [pN, 20°C]: 15.3 PP-1-4 10.0 % K3 / K1 [pN, 20°C]: 1.06 Σ 100.0 % V0 [V, 20°C]: 2.28 Main mixture N5 BCH-32 7.5 % cl.p. [°C]: 76 CC-3-V1 6.5 % ∆n [589 nm, 20°C]: 0.110 CCH-34 8.0 % ne [589 nm, 20°C]: 1.597 CCH-35 8.0 % no [589 nm, 20°C]: 1.486 CCY-3-O2 12.0 % ∆ε [1 kHz, 20°C]: -3.3 CPY-2-O2 9.5 % ε|| [1 kHz, 20°C]: 3.5 CPY-3-O2 11.0 % ε⊥ [1 kHz, 20°C]: 6.8 CY-3-O2 12.0 % K1 [pN, 20°C]: 14.2 CY-5-O2 13.0 % K3 [pN, 20°C]: 15.4 PP-1-4 8.5 % K3 / K1 [pN, 20°C]: 1.08 PCH-3O1 4.0 % V0 [V, 20°C]: 2.28 Σ 100.0 % Main mixture N6 B(S)-2O-O4 4.0 % cl.p. [°C]: B(S)-2O-O5 5.0 % ∆n [589 nm, 20°C]: BCH-32 7.0 % ne [589 nm, 20°C]: CC-3-V1 8.0 % no [589 nm, 20°C]: CC-4-V1 11.0 % ∆ε [1 kHz, 20°C]: CCH-34 8.0 % ε|| [1 kHz, 20°C]: CCH-35 6.0 % ε⊥ [1 kHz, 20°C]: CCY-3-O2 11.0 % K1 [pN, 20°C]: CPY-2-O2 3.0 % K3 [pN, 20°C]: CPY-3-O2 5.0 % K3 / K1 [pN, 20°C]: CY-3-O2 15.0 % V0 [V, 20°C]: PCH-302 5.0 % PY-1-O2 4.0 % PY-2-O2 7.0 % PPGU-3-F 1.0 % Σ 100.0 % Main mixture N7 CC-3-V1 8.5 % cl.p. [°C]: 75 CC-4-V1 19.0 % ∆n [589 nm, 20°C]: 0.112 CCY-3-O1 6.0 % ne [589 nm, 20°C]: 1.597 CCY-3-O2 11.0 % no [589 nm, 20°C]: 1.484 CLY-3-O2 5.0 % ∆ε [1 kHz, 20°C]: -3.9 CPY-3-O2 11.0 % ε|| [1 kHz, 20°C]: 3.7 CY-3-O2 6.0 % ε⊥ [1 kHz, 20°C]: 7.5 PCH-302 13.5 % K1 [pN, 20°C]: 15.2 PY-1-O2 6.0 % K3 [pN, 20°C]: 18.3 PY-2-O2 6.0 % K3 / K1 [pN, 20°C]: 1.20 PY-3-O2 8.0 % V0 [V, 20°C]: 2.29 Σ 100.0 % Main mixture N8 CC-3-V1 9.0 % cl.p. [°C]: 75 CCH-23 14.0 % ∆n [589 nm, 20°C]: 0.105 CCH-34 6.0 % ne [589 nm, 20°C]: 1.591 CCH-35 6.0 % no [589 nm, 20°C]: 1.485 CCP-3-1 7.0 % ∆ε [1 kHz, 20°C]: -2.8 CCY-3-O1 5.0 % ε|| [1 kHz, 20°C]: 3.3 CCY-3-O2 10.0 % ε⊥ [1 kHz, 20°C]: 6.1 CPY-3-O2 12.0 % K1 [pN, 20°C]: 16.2 CY-3-O2 9.5 % K3 [pN, 20°C]: 17.3 PP-1-2V1 8.5 % K3 / K1 [pN, 20°C]: 1.07 PY-3-O2 12.0 % V0 [V, 20°C]: 2.67 PY-4-O2 1.0 % Σ 100.0 % Small-scale switchgear N9 CC-3-V1 9.0 % cl.p. [°C]: 75 CCH-2 18.0 % ∆n [589 nm, 20°C]: 0.098 CCH-3 3.0 % and [589 nm, 20°C]: 1,580 CCH-35 7.0 % at [589 nm, 20°C]: 1,482 CCP-3-1 5.5 % ∆ε [1 kHz, 20°C]: -3.4 CCY-3-O2 11.5 % ε|| [1 kHz, 20°C]: 3.5 CPY-2-O2 8.0 % ε⊥ [1 kHz, 20°C]: 6.9 CPY-3-O2 11.0 % K1 [pN, 20°C]: 14.9 CY-3-O2 15.5 % K3 [pN, 20°C]: 15.9 PY-3-O2 11.5 % K3 / K1 [pN, 20°C]: 1.07 Σ 100.0 % V0 [V, 20°C]: 2.28 Main mixture N10 BCH-32 6.5 % cl.p. [°C]: 75 CC-3-V1 8.0 % ∆n [589 nm, 20°C]: 0.104 CCH-23 17.0 % ne [589 nm, 20°C]: 1.590 CCH-34 6.5 % no [589 nm, 20°C]: 1.486 CCY-3-O1 3.5 % ∆ε [1 kHz, 20°C]: -3.0 CCY-3-O2 12.5 % ε|| [1 kHz, 20°C]: 3.4 CPY-2-O2 5.5 % ε⊥ [1 kHz, 20°C]: 6.3 CPY-3-O2 10.0 % K1 [pN, 20°C]: 14.8 CY-3-O2 15.5 % K3 [pN, 20°C]: 15.8 PCH-3O1 4.5 % K3 / K1 [pN, 20°C]: 1.07 PP-1-2V1 5.0 % V0 [V, 20°C]: 2.43 PY-3-O2 5.5 % Σ 100.0 % Main mixture N11 CC-3-V1 8.0 % cl.p. [°C]: 75 CCH-23 15.0 % ∆n [589 nm, 20°C]: 0.090 CCH-34 5.0 % ne [589 nm, 20°C]: 1.569 CCH-35 6.0 % no [589 nm, 20°C]: 1.479 CCP-3-1 3.0 % ∆ε [1 kHz, 20°C]: -3.3 CCY-3-O1 8.0 % ε|| [1 kHz, 20°C]: 3.5 CCY-3-O2 10.0 % ε⊥ [1 kHz, 20°C]: 6.8 CCY-3-O3 6.0 % K1 [pN, 20°C]: 13.9 CCY-4-O2 6.0 % K3 [pN, 20°C]: 14.6 CY-3-O2 12.0 % K3 / K1 [pN, 20°C]: 1.05 CY-3-O4 3.75 % V0 [V, 20°C]: 2.22 PCH-3O1 3.0 % PY-3-O2 2.75 % PY-4-O2 6.5 % PYP-2-3 5.0 % Σ 100.0 % Main mixture N12 B(S)-2O-O4 0.25 % cl.p. [°C]: 75 BCH-32 4.5 % ∆n [589 nm, 20°C]: 0.103 CC-3-V1 13.0 % ne [589 nm, 20°C]: 1.588 CCH-23 15.0 % no [589 nm, 20°C]: 1.485 CCH-301 1.0 % ∆ε [1 kHz, 20°C]: -2.9 CCH-34 2.0 % ε|| [1 kHz, 20°C]: 3.4 CCH-35 0.5 % ε⊥ [1 kHz, 20°C]: 6.3 CCY-3-O2 6.5 % K1 [pN, 20°C]: 13.0 CPY-2-O2 12.0 % K3 [pN, 20°C]: 15.3 CPY-3-O2 15.0 % K3 / K1 [pN, 20°C]: 1.18 CY-3-O2 15.5 % V0 [V, 20°C]: 2.44 CY-3-O4 0.25 % PCH-3O1 13.0 % PP-1-2V1 0.5 % PYP-2-3 1.0 % Σ 100.0 % Main mixture N13 CCH-301 6.0 % cl.p. [°C]: 110 CCH-303 10.0 % ∆n [589 nm, 20°C]: 0.097 CCH-501 4.0 % ne [589 nm, 20°C]: 1.580 CCP-3-1 7.0 % no [589 nm, 20°C]: 1.483 CCPC-33 3.0 % ∆ε [1 kHz, 20°C]: -3.6 CCPC-34 3.0 % ε|| [1 kHz, 20°C]: 3.4 CCY-3-O1 5.5 % ε⊥ [1 kHz, 20°C]: 7.0 CCY-3-O2 9.5 % K1 [pN, 20°C]: 16.9 CCY-3-O3 7.0 % K3 [pN, 20°C]: 19.6 CCY-4-O2 8.5 % K3 / K1 [pN, 20°C]: 1.16 CPY-2-O2 3.0 % V0 [V, 20°C]: 2.47 CPY-3-O2 12.5 % CY-3-O4 9.5 % PCH-3O1 11.5 % Σ 100.0 % High-pressure switch N14 BCH-32 8.0 % cl.p. [°C]: 75 CC-3-V1 13.0 % ∆n [589 nm, 20°C]: 0.104 CC-4-V1 2.5 % and [589 nm, 20°C]: 1,590 CCH-301 10.0 % at [589 nm, 20°C]: 1,486 CCH-3 5.0 % ∆ε [1 kHz, 20°C]: -3.1 CCH-35 5.0 % ε|| [1 kHz, 20°C]: 3.5 CLY-3-O2 12.5 % ε⊥ [1 kHz, 20°C]: 6.6 CPY-2-O2 11.5 % K1 [pN, 20°C]: 13.7 CPY-3-O2 4.0 % K3 [pN, 20°C]: 15.4 CY-3-O2 15.0 % K3 / K1 [pN, 20°C]: 1.12 PCH-3O1 6.5 % V0 [V, 20°C]: 2.37 PY-1-O2 7.0 % Σ 100.0 % Main mixture N15 B(S)-2O-O5 0.25 % cl.p. [°C]: 75 BCH-32 5.5 % ∆n [589 nm, 20°C]: 0.103 CC-3-V 10.0 % ne [589 nm, 20°C]: 1.588 CC-3-V1 7.5 % no [589 nm, 20°C]: 1.485 CC-4-V1 16.5 % ∆ε [1 kHz, 20°C]: -3.1 CCH-35 0.25 % ε|| [1 kHz, 20°C]: 3.6 CCP-3-1 7.5 % ε⊥ [1 kHz, 20°C]: 6.7 CCY-3-O2 11.0 % K1 [pN, 20°C]: 13.8 CCY-3-O3 1.0 % K3 [pN, 20°C]: 15.5 CCY-4-O2 7.0 % K3 / K1 [pN, 20°C]: 1.12 CCY-5-O2 2.0 % V0 [V, 20°C]: 2.37 CY-3-O2 9.0 % PY-1-O2 9.0 % PY-2-O2 9.0 % PY-3-O2 4.5 % Σ 100.0 % Main mixture N16 BCH-32 4.5 % cl.p. [°C]: 75 CC-3-V 15.0 % ∆n [589 nm, 20°C]: 0.103 CC-3-V1 7.5 % ne [589 nm, 20°C]: 1.589 CC-4-V1 12.5 % no [589 nm, 20°C]: 1.486 CCP-3-1 7.0 % ∆ε [1 kHz, 20°C]: -3.1 CCY-3-O1 7.0 % ε|| [1 kHz, 20°C]: 3.6 CCY-3-O2 10.5 % ε⊥ [1 kHz, 20°C]: 6.8 CCY-4-O2 6.5 % K1 [pN, 20°C]: 13.8 CY-3-O2 4.5 % K3 [pN, 20°C]: 15.4 PY-1-O2 9.5 % K3 / K1 [pN, 20°C]: 1.12 PY-2-O2 9.0 % V0 [V, 20°C]: 2.35 PY-3-O2 6.5 % Σ 100.0 % High-pressure switch N17 CC-3-V 10.5 % cl.p. [°C]: 75 CC-3-V1 5.5 % ∆n [589 nm, 20°C]: 0.103 CC-4-V1 20.0 % and [589 nm, 20°C]: 1,587 CCH-3 2.0 % at [589 nm, 20°C]: 1,484 CCH-35 1.5 % ∆ε [1 kHz, 20°C]: -3.3 CCY-3-1 2.0 % ε|| [1 kHz, 20°C]: 3.6 CCY-3-O1 7.5 % ε⊥ [1 kHz, 20°C]: 6.9 CCY-3-O2 11.0 % K1 [pN, 20°C]: 14.4 CCY-4-O2 8.5 % K3 [pN, 20°C]: 15.1 CLY-2-O4 1.0 % K3 / K1 [pN, 20°C]: 1.05 CLY-3-O2 2.0 % V0 [V, 20°C]: 2.29 PP-1-2V1 3.5 % PY-1-O2 9.5 % PY-2-O2 9.5 % PY-3-O2 6.0 % Σ 100.0 % Main mixture N18 CC-3-V1 7.5 % cl.p. [°C]: 75 CC-4-V1 20.0 % ∆n [589 nm, 20°C]: 0.103 CCH-34 5.0 % ne [589 nm, 20°C]: 1.586 CCH-35 7.5 % no [589 nm, 20°C]: 1.483 CCP-3-1 2.0 % ∆ε [1 kHz, 20°C]: -3.5 CCY-3-O1 8.0 % ε|| [1 kHz, 20°C]: 3.6 CCY-3-O2 12.0 % ε⊥ [1 kHz, 20°C]: 7.1 CCY-4-O2 3.0 % K1 [pN, 20°C]: 15.1 CLY-3-O2 4.0 % K3 [pN, 20°C]: 15.4 CY-3-O2 1.5 % K3 / K1 [pN, 20°C]: 1.02 PY-1-O2 9.5 % V0 [V, 20°C]: 2.23 PY-2-O2 9.5 % PY-3-O2 10.5 % Σ 100.0 % High-pressure switch N19 CC-3-V1 7.5 % cl.p. [°C]: 75 CC-4-V1 19.5 % ∆n [589 nm, 20°C]: 0.104 CCH-301 5.5 % and [589 nm, 20°C]: 1,588 CCH-3 5.0 % at [589 nm, 20°C]: 1,484 CCP-3-1 11.0 % ∆ε [1 kHz, 20°C]: -3.1 CLY-3-O2 5.0 % ε|| [1 kHz, 20°C]: 3.6 CPY-2-O2 6.0 % ε⊥ [1 kHz, 20°C]: 6.7 CPY-3-O2 11.5 % K1 [pN, 20°C]: 14.0 CY-3-O2 15.0 % K3 [pN, 20°C]: 15.7 PY-1-O2 6.5 % K3 / K1 [pN, 20°C]: 1.12 PY-2-O2 7.5 % V0 [V, 20°C]: 2.37 Σ 100.0 % Main mixture N20 CC-3-V1 2.5 % cl.p. [°C]: 106 CC-4-V1 10.0 % ∆n [589 nm, 20°C]: CCH-301 3.0 % ne [589 nm, 20°C]: CCH-34 4.0 % no [589 nm, 20°C]: CCH-35 4.0 % ∆ε [1 kHz, 20°C]: -3.6 CCP-3-1 6.0 % ε|| [1 kHz, 20°C]: 3.4 CCP-3-3 6.0 % ε⊥ [1 kHz, 20°C]: 7.0 CCY-3-O1 4.0 % K1 [pN, 20°C]: CCY-3-O2 4.0 % K3 [pN, 20°C]: CCY-3-O3 4.0 % K3 / K1 [pN, 20°C]: CCY-4-O2 4.0 % V0 [V, 20°C]: CCY-5-O2 4.0 % CPY-2-O2 10.0 % CPY-3-O2 10.0 % CY-3-O2 6.5 % CY-3-O4 10.0 % PYP-2-3 5.0 % PYP-2-4 3.0 % Σ 100.0 % High-pressure switch N21 BCH-52 9.0 % cl.p. [°C]: 105 CC-3-V1 2.0 % ∆n [589 nm, 20°C]: CC-4-V1 12.5 % and [589 nm, 20°C]: CCH-301 2.0 % at [589 nm, 20°C]: CCH-3 3.5 % ∆ε [1 kHz, 20°C]: -3.6 CCH-35 4.0 % ε|| [1 kHz, 20°C]: 3.4 CCP-3-1 7.5 % ε⊥ [1 kHz, 20°C]: 7.0 CCY-3-O1 4.0 % K1 [pN, 20°C]: CCY-3-O2 4.0 % K3 [pN, 20°C]: CCY-3-O3 4.0 % K3 / K1 [pN, 20°C]: CCY-4-O2 4.0 % V0 [V, 20°C]: CCY-5-O2 4.0 % CPY-2-O2 10.0 % CPY-3-O2 10.0 % CY-3-O4 12.5 % PY-1-O2 7.0 % Σ 100.0 % Main mixture N22 B(S)-2O-O5 0.25 % cl.p. [°C]: 75 BCH-32 1.5 % ∆n [589 nm, 20°C]: 0.103 CC-3-V1 8.0 % ne [589 nm, 20°C]: 1.586 CC-4-V1 20.0 % no [589 nm, 20°C]: 1.483 CCH-303 1.5 % ∆ε[1 kHz, 20°C]: -3.0 CCH-34 6.0 % ε|| [1 kHz, 20°C]: 3.4 CCH-35 8.0 % ε⊥ [1 kHz, 20°C]: 6.5 CCY-3-O2 9.5 % K1 [pN, 20°C]: 15.6 CPY-2-O2 6.0 % K3 [pN, 20°C]: 16.0 CPY-3-O2 11.0 % K3 / K1 [pN, 20°C]: 1.03 CY-3-O2 12.5 % V0 [V, 20°C]: 2.44 PP-1-2V1 2.75 % PY-1-O2 5.5 % PY-2-O2 4.5 % PY-3-O2 3.0 % Σ 100.0 % High-pressure switch N23 BCH-32 0.5 % cl.p. [°C]: 75 CC-3-V1 7.0 % ∆n [589 nm, 20°C]: 0.103 CC-4-V1 19.5 % and [589 nm, 20°C]: 1,588 CCH-301 12.0 % at [589 nm, 20°C]: 1,485 CCH-3 1.5 % ∆ε [1 kHz, 20°C]: -3.1 CCP-3-1 9.0 % ε|| [1 kHz, 20°C]: 3.6 CCY-3-O1 1.5 % ε⊥ [1 kHz, 20°C]: 6.7 CCY-3-O2 9.5 % K1 [pN, 20°C]: 13.8 CPY-2-O2 3.0 % K3 [pN, 20°C]: 15.6 CPY-3-O2 11.0 % K3 / K1 [pN, 20°C]: 1.13 CY-3-O2 6.5 % V0 [V, 20°C]: 2.39 PY-1-O2 9.0 % PY-2-O2 9.0 % PY-3-O2 1.0 % Σ 100.0 % Main mixture N24 B-2O-O5 4.0 % cl.p. [°C]: 74 BCH-32 8.0 % ∆n [589 nm, 20°C]: 0.109 CC-3-V1 9.0 % ne [589 nm, 20°C]: 1.595 CCH-301 2.0 % no [589 nm, 20°C]: 1.486 CCH-34 8.0 % ∆ε[1 kHz, 20°C]: -3.1 CCH-35 7.0 % ε|| [1 kHz, 20°C]: 3.6 CCP-3-1 8.0 % ε⊥ [1 kHz, 20°C]: 6.7 CCP-V2-1 5.0 % K1 [pN, 20°C]: 14.5 CCY-3-O2 10.5 % K3 [pN, 20°C]: 16.5 CLY-3-O2 1.0 % K3 / K1 [pN, 20°C]: 1.14 CPY-3-O2 2.5 % V0 [V, 20°C]: 2.41 CY-3-O2 11.5 % PCH-3O1 5.5 % PY-3-O2 18.0 % Σ 100.0 % Main mixture N25 CC-3-V1 3.0 % cl.p. [°C]: 75 CCH-301 9.0 % ∆n [589 nm, 20°C]: 0.089 CCH-303 5.0 % ne [589 nm, 20°C]: 1.568 CCH-34 9.0 % no [589 nm, 20°C]: 1.479 CCH-35 9.0 % ∆ε [1 kHz, 20°C]: -3.2 CCP-3-1 8.0 % ε|| [1 kHz, 20°C]: 3.5 CCY-3-O2 11.5 % ε⊥ [1 kHz, 20°C]: 6.7 CCY-5-O2 9.0 % K1 [pN, 20°C]: 14.2 CPY-3-O2 6.0 % K3 [pN, 20°C]: 16.3 CY-3-O2 15.0 % K3 / K1 [pN, 20°C]: 1.15 PCH-3O1 4.5 % V0 [V, 20°C]: 2.38 PY-3-O2 11.0 % Σ 100.0 % Main mixture N26 BCH-32 10.5 % cl.p. [°C]: 75 CCH-34 9.0 % ∆n [589 nm, 20°C]: 0.1090 CCH-35 9.0 % ne [589 nm, 20°C]: 1.5953 CCP-3-1 8.0 % no [589 nm, 20°C]: 1.4863 CCY-3-O2 9.5 % ∆ε[1 kHz, 20°C]: -3.4 CCY-4-O2 5.5 % ε|| [1 kHz, 20°C]: 3.7 CPY-3-O2 5.5 % ε⊥ [1 kHz, 20°C]: 7.0 CY-3-O2 15.0 % K1 [pN, 20°C]: 14.0 CY-5-O2 5.0 % K3 [pN, 20°C]: 15.7 PCH-3O1 7.0 % K3 / K1 [pN, 20°C]: 1.12 PY-3-O2 16.0 % V0 [V, 20°C]: 2.25 Σ 100.0 % Main mixture N27 B(S)-2O-O5 4.0 % cl.p. [°C]: 75 BCH-32 5.0 % ∆n [589 nm, 20°C]: 0.102 CC-3-V1 6.0 % ne [589 nm, 20°C]: 1.589 CCH-34 9.0 % no [589 nm, 20°C]: 1.486 CCH-35 9.0 % ∆ε [1 kHz, 20°C]: -3.2 CCP-3-1 8.0 % ε|| [1 kHz, 20°C]: 3.6 CCY-3-O1 6.5 % ε⊥ [1 kHz, 20°C]: 6.7 CCY-3-O2 9.0 % K1 [pN, 20°C]: 13.5 CLY-3-O2 1.0 % K3 [pN, 20°C]: 16.5 CPY-3-O2 4.5 % K3 / K1 [pN, 20°C]: 1.22 CY-3-O2 13.0 % V0 [V, 20°C]: 2.39 PCH-3O1 15.0 % PY-1-O2 8.0 % PY-2-O2 2.0 % Σ 100.0 % High-speed switch N28 CCH-301 9.0 % cl.p. [°C]: 111 CCH-3 9.0 % ∆n [589 nm, 20°C]: 0.102 CCH-35 8.0 % and [589 nm, 20°C]: 1,587 CCOC-4-3 3.0 % at [589 nm, 20°C]: 1,485 CCP-3-1 6.0 % ∆ε [1 kHz, 20°C]: -3.0 CCP-3-3 6.0 % ε|| [1 kHz, 20°C]: 3.3 CCPC-33 3.0 % ε⊥ [1 kHz, 20°C]: 6.3 CCY-3-1 3.5 % K1 [pN, 20°C]: 18.8 CCY-3-O2 4.5 % K3 [pN, 20°C]: 19.6 CCY-3-O3 6.0 % K3 / K1 [pN, 20°C]: 1.04 CCY-4-O2 6.0 % V0 [V, 20°C]: 2.69 CCY-5-O2 5.0 % CPY-2-O2 10.5 % CPY-3-O2 6.5 % CY-3-O2 1.0 % PCH-3O2 4.0 % PY-2-O2 9.0 % Σ 100.0 % Main mixture N29 BCH-32 3.0 % cl.p. [°C]: 109.8 CCH-301 9.0 % ∆n [589 nm, 20°C]: 0.102 CCH-34 9.0 % and [589 nm, 20°C]: 1,587 CCH-35 2.5 % at [589 nm, 20 °C]: 1,485 CCOC-4-3 3.0 % ∆ε[1 kHz, 20°C]: -3.0 CCP-3-1 6.0 % ε|| [1 kHz, 20°C]: 3.3 CCP-3-3 5.0 % ε⊥ [1 kHz, 20°C]: 6.2 CCY-3-1 3.0 % K1 [pN, 20°C]: 18.4 CCY-3-O2 6.0 % K3 [pN, 20°C]: 20.3 CCY-3-O3 6.0 % K3 / K1 [pN, 20°C]: 1.10 CCY-4-O2 6.0 % V0 [V, 20°C]: 2.75 CCY-5-O2 6.0 % CPY-2-O2 10.0 % CPY-3-O2 8.5 % CY-3-O2 6.0 % PCH-302 11.0 % Σ 100.0 % Main mixture N30 B(S)-2O-O5 2.0 % cl.p. [°C]: 74 BCH-32 9.5 % ∆n [589 nm, 20°C]: 0.108 CCP-3-1 9.5 % ne [589 nm, 20°C]: 1.596 CCY-3-O1 6.5 % no [589 nm, 20°C]: 1.488 CCY-5-O2 9.5 % ∆ε [1 kHz, 20°C]: -3.3 CLY-3-O2 1.0 % ε|| [1 kHz, 20°C]: 3.7 CPY-3-O2 5.5 % ε⊥ [1 kHz, 20°C]: 7.0 CC-3-V1 6.5 % K1 [pN, 20°C]: 12.9 CCH-301 8.5 % K3 [pN, 20°C]: 15.9 CCH-34 3.0 % K3 / K1 [pN, 20°C]: 1.23 CY-3-O2 15.5 % V0 [V, 20°C]: 2.31 PCH-3O1 5.0 % PCH-3O2 6.5 % PY-2-O2 11.5 % Σ 100.0 % Main mixture N31 CY-3-O4 12 % cl.p. [°C]: 77 PY-3-O2 9 % ∆n [589 nm, 20°C]: 0.088 CPY-3-O2 12 % ne [589 nm, 20°C]: CCOY-2-O2 8 % no [589 nm, 20°C]: CCY-5-O2 10 % ∆ε [1 kHz, 20°C]: -3.1 CC-3-V 20 % ε|| [1 kHz, 20°C]: CCH-32 30 % ε⊥ [1 kHz, 20°C]: K1 [pN, 20°C]: K3 [pN, 20°C]: K3 / K1 [pN, 20°C]: V0 [V, 20°C]: Σ 100.0 % High-pressure switch N32 CCH-32 10 % cl.p. [°C]: 86 COY-3-O2 10 % ∆n [589 nm, 20°C]: 0.105 COY-3-O1 10 % and [589 nm, 20°C]: CCOY-2-O2 9 % at [589 nm, 20°C]: CCY-3-O1 7 % ∆ε [1 kHz, 20°C]: -5.9 CCY-3-O2 6 % ε|| [1 kHz, 20°C]: CCY-4-O2 6 % ε⊥ [1 kHz, 20°C]: CPY-5-O2 8 % K1 [pN, 20°C]: CPY-3-O1cpr 10 % K3 [pN, 20°C]: CPY-2-O2 10 % K3 / K1 [pN, 20°C]: CY-3-O2 7 % V0 [V, 20°C]: CY-3-O4 7 % Σ 100.0 % High-pressure switch N33 CCH-32 11 % cl.p. [°C]: 75 CC-3-V 10 % ∆n [589 nm, 20°C]: 0.112 PP-5-O2 5 % and [589 nm, 20°C]: COY-3-O2 8 % at [589 nm, 20°C]: COY-3-O1 7 % ∆ε [1 kHz, 20°C]: -4.3 CCOY-2-O2 13 % ε|| [1 kHz, 20°C]: CPY-cp-O2 7 % ε⊥ [1 kHz, 20°C]: CPY-3-O2 10 % K1 [pN, 20°C]: CPY-2-O2 10 % K3 [pN, 20°C]: PY-3-O2 7 % K3 / K1 [pN, 20°C]: PY-cp-O2 3 V0 [V, 20°C]: CCP-3-1 2 % CCP-V-1 4 % CCP-V2-1 4 % Σ 100.0 % Main body mixture N34 CY-5-O2 11 % cl.p. [°C]: 60 PY-3-O2 9 % ∆n [589 nm, 20°C]: 0.097 COY-3-O2 17 % and [589 nm, 20°C]: B(S)-cp1O-O4 4 % at [589 nm, 20°C]: PP-1-5 10 % ∆ε[1 kHz, 20°C]: -2.8 CC-3-V1 26 % ε|| [1 kHz, 20°C]: CCH-32 5 % ε⊥ [1 kHz, 20°C]: CCP-3-1 12 % K1 [pN, 20°C]: BCH-32 6 % K3 [pN, 20°C]: K3 / K1 [pN, 20°C]: V0 [V, 20°C]: Σ 100.0 High-pressure switch N35 CCH-2 16.5 % cl.p. [°C]: 75 CCH-3 3.0 % ∆n [589 nm, 20°C]: 0.112 PCH-3O1 15.0 % ne [589 nm, 20°C]: PP-1-3 9.0 % no [589 nm, 20°C]: BCH-32 8.0 % ∆ε [1 kHz, 20°C]: -3.0 COY-3-O1 8.5 % ε|| [1 kHz, 20°C]: CCOY-3-O2 17.0 % ε⊥ [1 kHz, 20°C]: CPY-2-O2 6.5 % K1 [pN, 20°C]: CPY-3-O2 8.0 % K3 [pN, 20°C]: CPY-3-O4 8.5 % K3 / K1 [pN, 20°C]: V0 [V, 20°C]: Σ 100.0 % Random mount N36 CCH-2 12 % cl.p. [°C]: 111 CCH-3 8 % ∆n [589 nm, 20°C]: 0.097 CCH-35 7 % and [589 nm, 20°C]: PCH-3O1 8 % at [589 nm, 20°C]: CCP-3-1 7 % ∆ε [1 kHz, 20°C]: -3.1 CCP-3-3 4 % ε|| [1 kHz, 20°C]: BCH-32 5 % ε⊥ [1 kHz, 20°C]: CCOY-2-O2 15 % K1 [pN, 20°C]: CCOY-3-O2 15 % K3 [pN, 20°C]: CPY-2-O2 5 % K3 / K1 [pN, 20°C]: CPY-3-O2 5 % V0 [V, 20°C]: CPY-3-O3 5 % CPY-3-O4 4 % Σ 100.0 % Main mixture N37 CC-3-V 32 % cl.p. [°C]: 74 PP-1-3 11 % ∆n [589 nm, 20°C]: 0.104 CCP-3-1 8 % ne [589 nm, 20°C]: CY-5-O2 2 % no [589 nm, 20°C]: COY-3-O1 11.5 % ∆ε[1 kHz, 20°C]: -2.9 CCY-3-O2 11.5 % ε|| [1 kHz, 20°C]: CPY-2-O2 7 % ε⊥ [1 kHz, 20°C]: CPY-3-O2 8 % K1 [pN, 20°C]: CPY-3-O4 9 % K3 [pN, 20°C]: K3 / K1 [pN, 20°C]: V0 [V, 20°C]: Σ 100.0 % Main mixture N38 CCH-23 21.5 % cl.p. [°C]: 75 CCH-34 9.5 % ∆n [589 nm, 20°C]: 0.103 PP-1-3 13.5 % ne [589 nm, 20°C]: CCP-3-1 6 % no [589 nm, 20°C]: COY-3-O1 11.5 % ∆ε [1 kHz, 20°C]: -2.8 CCOY-3-O2 14 % ε|| [1 kHz, 20°C]: CPY-2-O2 7 % ε⊥ [1 kHz, 20°C]: CPY-3-O2 8 % K1 [pN, 20°C]: CPY-3-O4 9 % K3 [pN, 20°C]: K3 / K1 [pN, 20°C]: V0 [V, 20°C]: Σ 100.0 % Main body mixture N39 CEY-3-O2 7 % cl.p. [°C]: 89 CCY-3-O2 8 % ∆n [589 nm, 20°C]: 0.115 CCOY-3-O2 5 % ne [589 nm, 20°C]: CLY-2-O2 8 % no [589 nm, 20°C]: CAIY-3-O2 3 % ∆ε [1 kHz, 20°C]: -1.9 CAIY-5-O2 4 % ε|| [1 kHz, 20°C]: PYP-2-3 7 % ε⊥ [1 kHz, 20°C]: PYP-2-4 7 % K1 [pN, 20°C]: CC-4-V 15 % K3 [pN, 20°C]: CC-3-V1 6 % K3 / K1 [pN, 20°C]: CC-1-2V1 6 % V0 [V, 20°C]: CC-3-2V1 4 % PP-1-2V 5 % PP-1-2V1 5 % CCP-3-1 6 % CBC-33F 4 % Σ 100.0 % High-pressure switch N40 B(S)-2O-O4 4.0 % cl.p. [°C]: 75 B(S)-cp1O-O2 5.0 % ∆n [589 nm, 20°C]: BCH-32 7.0 % and [589 nm, 20°C]: CC-3-V1 8.0 % at [589 nm, 20°C]: CC-4-V1 11.0 % ∆ε [1 kHz, 20°C]: CCH-3 8.0 % ε|| [1 kHz, 20°C]: CCH-35 6.0 % ε⊥ [1 kHz, 20°C]: CCY-3-O2 11.0 % K1 [pN, 20°C]: CPY-2-O2 3.0 % K3 [pN, 20°C]: CPY-3-O1cpr 5.0 % K3 / K1 [pN, 20°C]: CY-3-O2 7 % V0 [V, 20°C]: CY(Me)-3-O2 2.5 CY-cp-O2 5.5 PCH-302 5.0 % PY-1-O2 4.0 % PY-2-O2 7.0 % PPGU-3-F 1.0 % Σ 100.0 % B(S)-2O-O5 2.0 % cl.p. [°C]: 74 BCH-32 9.5 % ∆n [589 nm, 20°C]: 0.108 CCP-3-1 9.5 % ne [589 nm, 20°C]: CCY-3-O1 6.5 % no [589 nm, 20°C]: CCY-5-O2 9.5 % ∆ε [1 kHz, 20°C]: -3.5 CLY-3-O2 1.0 % ε|| [1 kHz, 20°C]: CPY-3-O2 5.5 % ε⊥ [1 kHz, 20°C]: CC-3-V1 6.5 % K1 [pN, 20°C]: CCH-301 8.5 % K3 [pN, 20°C]: CCH-34 3.0 % K3 / K1 [pN, 20°C]: COY-3-O2 15.5 % PCH-3O1 5.0 % PCH-3O2 6.5 % PY-2-O2 11.5 % Σ 100.0 % Main mixture N41 B(S)-2O-O4 4.0 % cl.p. [°C]: 75 B(S)-2O-O4 4.0 % ∆n [589 nm, 20°C]: 0.114 BCH-32 7.5 % ne [589 nm, 20°C]: 1.606 CC-3-V 25.75 % no [589 nm, 20°C]: 1.492 CC-3-V1 10.0 % ∆ε [1 kHz, 20°C]: -2.6 CCP-3-1 13.0 % ε|| [1 kHz, 20°C]: 3.6 CCP-3-3 3.25 % ε⊥ [1 kHz, 20°C]: 6.1 CLY-3-O2 2.0 % K1 [pN, 20°C]: 13.7 CPY-2-O2 9.5 % K3 [pN, 20°C]: 14.2 PY-2-O2 11.0 % K3 / K1 [pN, 20°C]: PY-2-O1 10.0 % Σ 100.0 %

[0290] The main mixture is advantageously stabilized before or at the time of adding the polymerizable additive. For example, 0.01 wt% of Irganox-1076(R) is added to the main mixture. Alternatively, the polymerizable mixture is stabilized with 0.015 wt% of STABILIX(R) added to the main mixture or the final mixture. Other alternative stabilizers are disclosed in Table C. Mixture Example P1

[0291] The polymerizable mixture P1 according to the present invention is prepared by adding 0.3% RM-1, 0.003% additive HH-1 and 0.6% self-aligning additive SA-20 to a nematic LC host mixture N4 and homogenizing the mixture. Mixture Example P2

[0292] The polymerizable mixture P2 according to the present invention is prepared by adding 0.3% RM-1, 0.005% additive HH-1 and 0.9% self-aligning additive SA-20 to a nematic LC host mixture N2 and homogenizing the mixture. Mixture Example P3

[0293] The polymerizable mixture P3 according to the present invention is prepared by adding 0.3% RM-1, 0.003% additive HH-1 and 0.6% self-aligning additive SA-22 to a nematic LC host mixture N4 and homogenizing the mixture. Comparative example of mixtures: polymerizable mixture C1

[0294] For comparative purposes, polymerizable mixture C1 was prepared by adding only RM-1 and self-aligning additive SA-20 (0.3% and 0.6%, respectively) to the nematic LC host mixture N4.

[0295] Tables 1 and 2 show the compositions of some other polymerizable mixtures prepared using a similar procedure to those described above. Table 1. Composition of other polymerizable mixtures (LC media). Mixture No. P4 P5 LC body N4 N4 RM-1 0.3 0.3 HH-1 0.005 0.010 SA-20 0.6 0.6 Table 2. Composition of other polymerizable mixtures (LC media). No. main body SA additive, % HH additive, % RM, % P6 N1 SA-20, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003% RM-1, 0.3% P7 N2 SA-20, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003% RM-1, 0.3% P8 N3 SA-20, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P9 N5 SA-20, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P10 N6 SA-20, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P11 N7 SA-20, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P12 N8 SA-20, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P13 N9 SA-20, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P14 N10 SA-20, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P15 N11 SA-20, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P16 N12 SA-20, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P17 N13 SA-20, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P18 N14 SA-20, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P19 N15 SA-20, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P20 N16 SA-20, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P21 N17 SA-20, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P22 N18 SA-20, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P23 N19 SA-20, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P24 N20 SA-20, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P25 N21 SA-20, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P26 N22 SA-20, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P27 N23 SA-20, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P28 N24 SA-20, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P29 N25 SA-20, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P30 N26 SA-20, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P31 N27 SA-20, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P32 N28 SA-20, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P33 N29 SA-20, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P34 N30 SA-20, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P35 N31 SA-20, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P36 N32 SA-20, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P37 N33 SA-20, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P38 N34 SA-20, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P39 N35 SA-20, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P40 N36 SA-20, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P41 N37 SA-20, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P42 N38 SA-20, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P43 N39 SA-20, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P44 N40 SA-20, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P45 N41 SA-20, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P46 N1 SA-22, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P47 N2 SA-22, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P48 N3 SA-22, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P49 N4 SA-22, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P50 N5 SA-22, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P51 N6 SA-22, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P52 N7 SA-22, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P53 N8 SA-22, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P54 N9 SA-22, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P55 N10 SA-22, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P56 N11 SA-22, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P57 N12 SA-22, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P58 N13 SA-22, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P59 N14 SA-22, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P60 N15 SA-22, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P61 N16 SA-22, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P62 N17 SA-22, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P63 N18 SA-22, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P64 N19 SA-22, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P65 N20 SA-22, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P66 N21 SA-22, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P67 N22 SA-22, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P68 N23 SA-22, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P69 N24 SA-22, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P70 N25 SA-22, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P71 N26 SA-22, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P72 N27 SA-22, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P73 N28 SA-22, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P74 N29 SA-22, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P75 N30 SA-22, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P76 N31 SA-22, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P77 N32 SA-22, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P78 N33 SA-22, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003 % RM-1, 0.3% P79 N34 SA-22, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003% RM-1, 0.3% P80 N35 SA-22, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003% RM-1, 0.3% P81 N36 SA-22, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003% RM-1, 0.3% P82 N37 SA-22, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003% RM-1, 0.3% P83 N38 SA-22, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003% RM-1, 0.3% P84 N39 SA-22, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003% RM-1, 0.3% P85 N40 SA-22, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003% RM-1, 0.3% P86 N41 SA-22, 0.6% HH-1, 0.003% RM-1, 0.3% Application Examples (Self-alignment PS-VA)

[0296] Each polymerizable mixture was filled into a PSA test box and test panel, RM was polymerized under applied voltage, and several typical properties were measured, such as tilt generation, residual RM content, VHR under UV stress, bright spot phenomenon, edge alignment, image viscosity, and stability of tilt angle. The tilt is generated by controlling the UV1 curing time:

[0297] The tilting behavior of the prepared LC medium was tested by polymerizing it inside the test chamber in the first UV polymerization step (UV1). The preferred duration of the UV1 step was 40 to 150 s. Within this range, the tilting could be carefully controlled while keeping the cycle time for completing the polymerization step short.

[0298] In this embodiment, the tilt angle is measured 40s, 70s, and 100s after the tilt occurs. The tilt angle is evaluated as being within the desired range (°) or above (>).

[0299] The following table describes the behavior generated by tilting, where the symbols represent: X: Uncontrollable (tilt produced too quickly and / or too strongly) △: Acceptable control O: Very well controllable. Table 2. Tilting behavior during standard UV1 curing time (70s): mixture main body SA-20 HH-1 RM-1 Tilt angle (evaluation) Appropriate UV1 curing time and achievement of tilt P1 N1 0.6% 0.003% 0.3% 1.3°(O) O C1 N1 0.6% - 0.3% 2.2° (>) X

[0300] All samples exhibited a degree of tilted vertical alignment. Sample P1, according to the invention, achieved the desired tilt after approximately 70 seconds of UV1 irradiation, which was precisely within the required timeframe. For Comparative Example C1, the tilt was generated strongly and rapidly, resulting in a tilt angle exceeding the target value. Post-stress tilt stability

[0301] The tilt stability of mixtures P1 and C1 is approximately 0.33°. White spot phenomenon

[0302] The reduced polymerization rate observed in the tilt generation test also has the advantage of reducing white spots near the panel sealant.

[0303] The ODF method was used to fill the substrate with 0.003% of additive HH-1, followed by sealing the edges with UV-curable resin, UV curing with a photomask, and treatment of the LC medium under UV1. The final cured test panel showed no white spots. Reliability, Voltage Holding Rate (VHR): Mixture P1 and C1:

[0304] The voltage retention rate (VHR, at 60°C, 0.6Hz, 1V) of the test kit after final curing was 94.7%. The VHR value of the reference sample without additive HH-1 was 91.6%. Edge / corner unevenness (mura) and tiling behavior

[0305] Spreading was tested using a capillary filling test kit. Non-uniform vertical alignment was observed in the final filled area. This value was determined after 24 hours of incubation at room temperature.

[0306] For mixture P1, the unoriented area decreased by 0.5 mm (2%) compared to mixture C1. The spreading behavior of the sample with additive HH-1 was improved.

Claims

1. A liquid crystal (LC) medium comprising a polymerizable component A containing a polymerizable compound, wherein at least one of the polymerizable compounds is a polymerizable self-aligning additive of formula I for vertical alignment, MES-Ra (I) wherein: MES is a rod-shaped mesocrystalline group comprising two or more rings directly or indirectly linked or fused together, wherein the rings are optionally substituted and optionally additionally substituted by one or more polymerizable groups directly or via spacer groups connected to MES, and Ra is a polar anchoring group located at the end of the rod-shaped mesocrystalline group MES, wherein group Ra comprises at least one carbon atom and at least one group selected from -OH, -SH, -COOH, -CHO, urethane, phosphonate, orthoester, diketone, or primary, secondary, or tertiary amine functional groups, and is optionally substituted by one or two polymerizable groups directly or via spacer groups connected to Ra, wherein at least one of MES or Ra is substituted directly or via a spacer group by at least one polymerizable group, and liquid crystal LC component B), comprising one or more mesocrystalline or liquid crystal compounds selected from formula CY and PY: CY PY where each group has the following meanings: a represents 1 or 2, b represents 0 or 1, represents or, represents or, R1 and R2 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 12 C atoms, wherein, in addition, one or two non-adjacent CH2 groups, including any terminal carbon, can be replaced by -O-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, -CO-, -O-CO-, or -CO-O- in such a way that the O and H atoms are not directly connected; Zx represents -CH=CH-, -CH2O-, -OCH2-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -O-, -CH2-, -CH2CH2-, or a single bond; L1-4 each independently represent F, Cl, OCF3, CF3, CH3, CH2F, or CHF2; L5-6 represent H or having one of the meanings given for L1-4; and one or more other additives (HH) comprising an organic molecule having at least 6 groups of the following formula.

2. The LC medium as claimed in claim 1, wherein one or more polymerizable self-aligning additives of formula I for vertical alignment are contained in the medium in an amount of 0.5% by weight or more.

3. The LC medium as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises one or more other polymerizable compounds selected from the following formulas: M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11 M12 M13 M14 M15 M16 M17 M18 M19 M20 M21 M22 M23 M24 M25 M26 M27 M28 M29 M30 M31, wherein... Each group has the following meaning: P1, P2, and P3 each independently represent an acrylate group or a methacrylate group; Sp1, Sp2, and Sp3 each independently represent a single bond or a spacer group selected from -(CH2)p1-, -(CH2)p1-O-, -(CH2)p1-CO-O-, -(CH2)p1-O-CO-, or -(CH2)p1-O-CO-O-, where p1 is an integer from 1 to 12. Furthermore, one or more of the groups P1-Sp1-, P1-Sp2-, and P3-Sp3- can represent Raa, provided that at least one of the groups P1-Sp1-, P2-Sp2-, and P3-Sp3- is different from Raa. Raa represents H, F, Cl, CN, or a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be independently replaced by C(R0)=C(R00)-, -C≡C-, -N(R0)-, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O- such that the O and / or S atoms are not directly connected to each other, and wherein one or more H atoms may be replaced by F, Cl, CN, or P1-Sp1-, R0 and R00 independently and, each time appearing, the same or different, represent H or an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, Ry and Rz independently represent H, F, CH3, or CF3, X1, X2, and X3 independently represent -CO-O-, -O-CO-, or a single bond. Z1 represents -O-, -CO-, -C(RyRz)- or -CF2CF2-, Z2 and Z3 each independently represent -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CH2O-, -OCH2-, -CF2O-, -OCF2- or -(CH2)n-, where n is 2, 3 or 4, L each time it appears the same or different represents F, Cl, CN or a straight-chain or branched alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy with 1 to 12 C atoms, mono- or polyfluorinated as needed, L' and L'' each independently represent H, F or Cl, r represents 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, s represents 0, 1, 2 or 3, t represents 0, 1 or 2, x represents 0 or 1.

4. The LC medium as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the polymerizable group represents an acrylate group or a methacrylate group.

5. The LC medium as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the one or more other additives (HH) are of the formula HH-A, where n is 3 or 4, B is an n-substituted organic group having at least one C atom, Pip is a group of the formula or, X is -O-, -O(CO)-, -(CO)O- or -O-(CH2)mO-, where m is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, Z1 is a single bond, -O-, -(CO)O-, -O(CO)-, -(CO)-, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 C atoms, Z2 is an alkyl group having 1 to 15 C atoms or a single bond, A2 is a single bond, an aromatic or alicyclic group, and R1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 12 C atoms, wherein H may be substituted with F or Cl, or H.

6. The LC medium as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the self-aligning additive for vertical alignment is of formula Ia R1-[A2-Z2]m-A1-Ra Ia, wherein at least one of rings A1 and A2 or the anchoring group Ra has at least one -Sp-P group, and wherein A1 and A2 are defined as each independently representing an aromatic, heteroaromatic, non-aromatic alicyclic, or non-aromatic heterocyclic group, which may also contain fused rings, and which may also be mono- or poly-substituted by groups L or -Sp-P. L, in each case, independently represents H, F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, -NO2, -NCS, -C(=O)N(RO)2, -C(=O)RO, a silyl group to be substituted, an aryl or cycloalkyl group to be substituted with 3 to 20 carbon atoms to be substituted, or a straight-chain or branched alkyl group, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, or alkoxycarbonyloxy, wherein one or more H atoms may be substituted by F or Cl respectively, P represents a polymerizable group, and Sp represents a spacer group or a single bond. Z2 represents a single bond independently of each other in each case: -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -OCO-, -O-CO-O-, -OCH2-, -CH2O-, -SCH2-, -CH2S-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CF2S-, -SCF2-, -(CH2)n1-, -CF2CH2-, -CH2CF2-, -(CF2)n1-, -CH=CH-, -CF=CF-, -C≡C-, -CH=CH-COO-, -OCO-CH=CH-, -(CR0R00)n1-, -CH(-Sp-P)-, -CH2CH(-Sp-P)-, or -CH(-Sp-P)CH(-Sp-P)-, where n1 represents 1, 2, 3, or 4, and m represents 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. R0 in each case independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, R00 in each case independently represents H or an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, R1 in each case independently represents H, a halogen, a straight-chain, branched, or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, wherein, in addition, one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may each be replaced by,,,,,,-C≡C-,-CH=CH-,-O-,-S-,-CO-,-CO-O-,-O-CO-, or-O-CO-O- in such a way that the O, H, and / or S atoms are not directly connected to each other, and in addition, one or more H atoms may each be replaced by F or Cl, or the group -Sp-P, and Ra represents a polar anchoring group as defined in claim 1.

7. The liquid crystal medium according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the self-aligning additive for vertical alignment has a polar anchoring group Ra selected from the following formula: where p represents 1 or 2, q represents 2, 3 or 4, wherein the groups may be the same or different, B represents a substituted or unsubstituted cyclic system or a fused cyclic system, Y independently represents -O-, -S-, -C(O)-, -C(O)O-, -OC(O)-, -NR11- or a single bond, o represents 0 or 1, X1 independently represents H, alkyl, fluoroalkyl, OH, NH2, NHR11, NR112, -PO(OR11)2, -SO2R11, -OR11, -C(O)OH, P or -CHO, wherein at least one group X1 represents a group selected from -OH, -NH2, NHR11, -PO(OR11)2, -SO2R11, -C(O)OH and -CHO. Z1 is independently -(CO)-CH2(CO)OCH3, -(CO)-CH2(CO)-(C=CH2)-OCH3, -(CO)-CH2(CO)-(CH=CH)-OCH3, -(CO)-(CO)OCH3, -CH2-(CO)-(CO)OCH3, -(CO)-CH3, -(CO)-CH2(CO)-(CH2CH2)-OCH3, P is a polymerizable group, R11 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, R12 is H, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, P or X1, Spa, Spc, Spd each independently represent a spacer group or a single bond, and Spb represents a trivalent or tetravalent group.

8. The liquid crystal medium of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the self-aligning additive for vertical alignment is selected from compounds of formula IA to IC, IA IB IC wherein R1, Ra, A2, Z2, Sp, P have the meanings as defined in claim 6 for formula Ia, L1 is as defined in claim 3 for L, m is 1, 2, 3 or 4, and r1 is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4.

9. The LC medium according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it further comprises a polymerizable compound selected from the following formulas: M2-1-1 M2-1-2 M2-1-3 M2-1-4 M2-1-5.

10. The LC medium according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises one or more compounds selected from the formula CY9, CY10, PY9 and / or PY10, wherein alkyl and alkyl* each independently represent a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cyclopentyl or cyclopropylmethyl.

11. The LC medium according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises one or more compounds of the following formula: ZK wherein each group has the following meaning: R3 and R4 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 12 C atoms, and one or two non-adjacent CH2 groups may be replaced by -O-, -CH=CH-, -CO-, -O-CO- or -CO-O- such that the O and H atoms are not directly connected to each other, and Zy represents -CH2CH2-, -CH=CH-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH2O-, -OCH2-, -COO-, -OCO-, -C2F4-, -CF=CF- or a single bond.

12. The LC medium as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the polymerizable compound of component A) is polymerized.

13. An LC display comprising an LC medium as defined in any one of claims 1 to 12.

14. The LC display as claimed in claim 13, wherein the LC display is a PS-VA or polymer-stabilized SA-VA display.

15. The LC display as claimed in any one of claims 13 to 14, characterized in that it comprises two substrates, at least one of which is transparent to light, electrodes disposed on each substrate, or two electrodes disposed on one substrate, and a layer of LC medium as defined in any one of claims 1 to 12 located between the two substrates, wherein a polymerizable compound is polymerized between the substrates of the display.

16. A method for producing an LC display as described in any one of claims 13 to 15, comprising providing an LC medium as defined in any one of claims 1 to 12 between substrates of the display, and the step of polymerizing a polymerizable compound.

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