Fuses, series battery banks, parallel battery banks, and battery packs

Abstract

The present invention relates to a fuse, a series battery row, a parallel battery row and a battery pack, wherein the fuse includes an insulating body, a conductor accommodating channel is provided in the insulating body; the conductor accommodating channel includes a fuse channel and a first conductor accommodating portion and a second conductor accommodating portion located on both sides of the fuse channel; the first conductor accommodating portion and the second conductor accommodating portion are used to accommodate an external conductor electrically connected to a first fuse structure; the insulating body also includes a first channel and a second channel, the first end of the first channel and the first end of the second channel are respectively connected to the two ends of the fuse channel; the first fuse structure is provided in the fuse channel; the accommodating cavity is provided in the insulating body, and has a chamber capable of accommodating gas and the first fuse structure and a chamber entrance; the cleaning block is provided in the second channel. The fuse of the present invention, based on the provision of the cleaning block, can push the melted first fuse structure into the accommodating cavity to avoid residue in the fuse channel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of power batteries, and in particular to a fuse, a series battery row, a parallel battery row, and a battery pack. Background Art

[0002] A fuse is an electrical device that generates heat to melt and disconnect the circuit when the current exceeds a specified value. In power battery modules, fuses are often installed between series- and parallel-connected cells to isolate a cell in the event of thermal runaway. For example, patent CN114420518B discloses a vacuum temperature fusing technology that uses external atmospheric pressure as a power source to deliver fully molten low-melting-point metal from a channel into a cavity, achieving electrical isolation between external conductors. However, due to the weight of the molten low-melting-point metal and the slowed flow of the edges between the surface of the molten low-melting-point metal and the conductors on both sides, the external air, when pushing the columnar molten low-melting-point metal to move, is prone to linear penetration along the middle of the column length (similar to the phenomenon of channeling). As a result, the molten metal remaining on both sides loses its thrust and remains in the containment channel. If there is a large amount of residual low-melting-point metal, the electrical connection between the external conductors cannot be cut off, resulting in electrical isolation failure. Or, because the low-melting-point metal solidified on the external conductor side is too close, creepage occurs, resulting in incomplete electrical isolation. In addition, if the heat for the liquefaction of the fuse structure does not come from the conductors on both sides, but from the ambient temperature, the molten liquid metal will also be sucked into the vacuum, causing false melting or fuse failure. The above problems need to be solved urgently. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention discloses a fuse, a series battery row, a parallel battery row and a battery pack, aiming to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art.

[0004] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a fuse comprising:

[0006] An insulating body, wherein a conductor accommodating channel is provided within the insulating body; the conductor accommodating channel includes a fuse channel and a first conductor accommodating portion and a second conductor accommodating portion located on either side of the fuse channel; the first conductor accommodating portion and the second conductor accommodating portion are used to accommodate an external conductor electrically connected to a first fuse structure; both sides of the fuse channel can be closed by the external conductor; the insulating body further includes a first channel and a second channel, wherein a first end of the first channel and a first end of the second channel are respectively connected to two ends of the fuse channel;

[0007] The first fuse structure is arranged in the fuse channel;

[0008] an accommodating cavity, disposed in the insulating body, having a cavity and a cavity entrance; the cavity entrance is communicated with the second end of the first channel;

[0009] A cleaning block is arranged in the second channel; the cleaning block is elastic and can elastically abut and seal with the inner wall of the second channel; the pressure on the second end side of the second channel is higher than the pressure of the accommodating cavity, and when the first fuse structure is in a molten state, the cleaning block can move in the second channel and the fuse channel under the action of the pressure difference, or move in the second channel, the fuse channel and the first channel under the action of the pressure difference, so as to push the molten first fuse structure into the accommodating cavity.

[0010] In the fuse of the present invention, the second channel is filled with a second fuse structure;

[0011] The second fuse structure is arranged between the cleaning block and the first fuse structure. The second fuse structure in a non-melted state closes the second channel. The end of the second fuse structure can conduct heat with the first fuse structure. The melting point of the second fuse structure is higher than that of the first fuse structure.

[0012] In the fuse of the present invention, the contact area between the second fuse structure and the first fuse structure is smaller than the contact area between the first fuse structure and the external conductor.

[0013] In the fuse of the present invention, the second channel is connected to the outside world through the switch element, and the pressure of the outside world is higher than the pressure in the accommodating cavity;

[0014] The second channel can be closed when the switch element is closed, and the pressure in the second channel is equal to the pressure in the accommodating chamber;

[0015] The second channel can be connected to the outside when the switch element is turned on, and one side of the second end of the second channel is exposed to a pressure environment higher than the pressure in the accommodating chamber.

[0016] In the fuse of the present invention, the switching element is a valve or a cover plate.

[0017] In the fuse of the present invention, there is a smooth transition between the second channel and the fuse channel, or there is a smooth transition between the second channel, the fuse channel and the first channel.

[0018] In the fuse of the present invention, the cleaning block has a compressed state and a free state;

[0019] The cleaning block is in the compressed state in the fuse channel, the second channel and the first channel, and is in the free state in the accommodating cavity, so that the cleaning block expands after entering the accommodating cavity to block the cavity entrance.

[0020] In the fuse of the present invention, the cross-sectional areas of the second channel, the fuse channel, and the first channel are equal;

[0021] Alternatively, the cross-sectional areas of the second channel, the fuse channel, and the first channel increase in sequence, and the connections are smoothly transitioned.

[0022] In the fuse of the present invention, the first channel and the fuse channel have a communication opening, and the communication opening is located on the top surface of the fuse channel.

[0023] In the fuse of the present invention, a heat conductor is provided on the inner wall of the first channel, heat conduction can be performed between the heat conductor and the first fuse structure, and the melting point of the heat conductor is greater than the melting point of the first fuse structure.

[0024] In the fuse of the present invention, the heat conductor includes an annular structure having a certain height along the extending direction of the first channel.

[0025] In the fuse of the present invention, the cleaning block comprises a heat-insulating material.

[0026] In the fuse of the present invention, the first fusing structure is configured to fill the fusing channel.

[0027] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a series battery row comprising:

[0028] A plurality of single cells, each of which includes two poles with different polarities;

[0029] A plurality of busbars, each comprising a first conductor, a second conductor, and the aforementioned fuse; the first conductor being electrically connected to a pole of one polarity of the single battery cell, the first conductor being disposed within a first conductor accommodating portion of the fuse, the second conductor being electrically connected to a pole of the other polarity of the adjacent single battery cell connected in series, the second conductor being disposed within a second conductor accommodating portion of the fuse, and the first and second conductors being electrically connected via a first fuse structure of the fuse;

[0030] A plurality of the single cells form the series-connected battery row through a plurality of the bus bars.

[0031] In a third aspect, the present invention further provides a parallel battery bank comprising:

[0032] A plurality of single cells, each of which includes two poles with different polarities;

[0033] A plurality of busbars, each busbar comprising a first conductor, a second conductor, and the aforementioned fuse, wherein the first conductor is disposed within a first conductor accommodating portion of the fuse, the second conductor is disposed within a second conductor accommodating portion of the fuse, and the first conductor and the second conductor are electrically connected via a first fuse structure of the fuse; like-polarity poles of adjacent single cells are electrically connected in parallel via the first conductor, the second conductor, and the first fuse structure;

[0034] A plurality of the single batteries form the parallel battery row through a plurality of the bus bars.

[0035] In a fourth aspect, the present invention further provides a battery pack comprising a plurality of the above-mentioned series-connected battery banks and / or a plurality of the above-mentioned parallel-connected battery banks. The technical solution adopted by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0036] The present invention mainly provides a fuse. Based on the setting of the cleaning block, the cleaning block has a relatively fixed shape and will not have the problem of channel flow. It can push the melted first fuse structure into the accommodating cavity, thereby avoiding the first fuse structure in a molten state remaining in the fuse channel, resulting in failure of electrical isolation from the external conductor or incomplete electrical isolation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments, which constitute a part of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are provided to explain the present invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0038] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the fuse of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the fuse of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 AA cross-sectional structural diagram;

[0041] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of a fuse provided with a switch element according to the present invention;

[0042] Figure 5 A schematic structural diagram of a fuse of the present invention provided with a second on-off structure;

[0043] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5A partial enlarged view of point B in the middle;

[0044] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the fuse of the present invention when the second channel and the fuse channel are in the same direction;

[0045] Figure 8 This is a schematic structural diagram of a series-connected battery bank in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 9 This is a schematic structural diagram of a parallel battery row in Example 3 of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery pack in a first embodiment of Example 4 of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery pack in a second embodiment of Example 4 of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the structure of a battery pack in a third implementation manner of Example 4 of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the structure of a battery pack in the third implementation manner of Example 4 of the present invention.

[0051] Description of reference numerals:

[0052] A. Fuse; 1. Insulating body; 10. Conductor-accommodating channel; 11. Fuse channel; 12. Accommodating cavity; 121. Cavity entrance; 13. First conductor-accommodating portion; 14. Second conductor-accommodating portion; 15. Second channel; 16. First channel; 17. Switching element; 2. First fuse structure; 3. Cleaning block; 4. Second fuse structure; 5. Heat conductor; 6. Single cell; 7. Busbar; 71. First conductor; 72. Second conductor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments of the present invention and corresponding drawings. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the term "or" is generally used in the sense of including "and / or" unless the content clearly indicates otherwise.

[0054] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or a magnetic connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be a communication between the two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances. In addition, in the description of this application, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish the description and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0055] Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0056] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present application provides a fuse, a series battery row, a parallel battery row and a battery pack. Example 1

[0057] This embodiment provides a fuse that can be used in a battery pack of a new energy vehicle to isolate single cells in the battery pack that are experiencing thermal runaway.

[0058] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the fuse A of this embodiment includes: an insulating body 1, the insulating body 1 can be made of high-temperature resistant plastic, such as PE (Polyethylene), PP (Polypropylene), PS (Polystyrene); a conductor accommodating channel 10 is provided in the insulating body 1; the conductor accommodating channel 10 includes a fuse channel 11 and a first conductor accommodating portion 13 and a second conductor accommodating portion 14 located on both sides of the fuse channel 11; the first conductor accommodating portion 13 and the second conductor accommodating portion 14 are used to accommodate an external conductor electrically connected to the first fuse structure 2, and the melt channel can be closed by the external conductor; the insulating body also includes a first channel 16 and a second channel 15, the first end of the first channel 16 and the first end of the second channel 15 are respectively connected to the two ends of the fuse channel 11; the first fuse structure 2 is provided in the fuse channel 11; the accommodating chamber 12 is provided in the insulating body 1, and has a chamber capable of accommodating gas and the first fuse structure 2 and a chamber inlet 121; the chamber inlet 121 is connected to the first channel 1 6; the accommodating chamber 12 should have a volume capable of accommodating the entire entry of the first fuse structure 2; the molten first fuse structure 2 can be sucked into the accommodating chamber 12 via the first channel 16; a cleaning block 3 is disposed in the second channel 15; the cleaning block 3 is elastic and can elastically abut and seal against the inner wall of the second channel 15, the pressure of the second channel 15 on the second end side is higher than the pressure in the accommodating chamber 12, optionally, the second end of the second channel 15 is closed, and the pressure of the portion between the second end and the cleaning block 3 is higher than the pressure in the accommodating chamber 12, or the second channel 15 is connected to the outside, and the outside pressure is higher than the pressure in the accommodating chamber 12; the cleaning block 3 can move in the second channel 15 and the fuse channel 11 under the action of the pressure difference when the first fuse structure 2 is in the molten state, or move in the second channel 15, the fuse channel 11 and the first channel 16 under the action of the pressure difference, so as to push the molten first fuse structure 2 into the accommodating chamber 12, wherein the pressure difference can be formed by the pressure difference on both sides of the cleaning block 3, or by the pressure difference on both sides of the cleaning block 3 and the action of an external force. The fuse of the present invention is based on the setting of the cleaning block 3. The cleaning block 3 has a relatively fixed shape and will not cause channeling problems. It can push the melted first fuse structure 2 into the accommodating cavity 12, thereby avoiding the first fuse structure 2 in a molten state remaining in the fuse channel 11, resulting in failure of electrical isolation from the external conductor or incomplete electrical isolation.

[0059] In some preferred embodiments, the cleaning block 3 abuts and seals the second channel 15 , and the external conductor seals both sides of the fuse channel 11 , so that a closed space is formed in the cleaning block 3 , the second channel 15 , the fuse channel 11 , the first channel 16 and the accommodating cavity 12 .

[0060] In some preferred embodiments, the first fuse structure 2 is a low-melting-point metal, such as a melting temperature in the range of 50-85°C; wherein, above 50°C is a non-optimal operating and storage temperature for lithium batteries, and 80°C is the highest ambient temperature for application in hot zones without thermal management; when thermal runaway occurs, it melts before the external conductors electrically connected to it, so as to cut off the electrical connection between the external conductors and achieve isolation.

[0061] In some preferred embodiments, Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the second channel 15 and the fuse channel 11 or the first channel 16, the fuse channel 11 and the second channel 15; the connection position between the first channel 16, the fuse channel 11 and the second channel 15 is a transition structure that enables the cleaning block 3 to pass continuously, specifically a bent transition, an arc transition, etc., which can be selected according to needs, as long as it can ensure that the cleaning block 3 can move continuously in the second channel 15 and the fuse channel 11 or in the second channel 15, the fuse channel 11 and the first channel 16 under pressure difference; preferably, there is a smooth transition between the second channel 15 and the fuse channel 11, or between the second channel 15, the fuse channel 11 and the first channel 16.

[0062] In some preferred embodiments, Figure 5 As shown, the second channel 15 is filled with a second fuse structure 4; the second fuse structure 4 is disposed between the cleaning block 3 and the first fuse structure 2. The non-molten second fuse structure 4 closes the second channel 15. The end of the second fuse structure 4 can conduct heat to the first fuse structure 2, such as directly contacting the first fuse structure 2 for heat conduction. The melting point of the second fuse structure 4 is higher than that of the first fuse structure 2, ensuring that the second fuse structure 4 can fully melt only after the first fuse structure 2 is fully melted. When the external ambient temperature rises, the normal operation of the first fuse structure 2 will be affected. For example, if the external ambient temperature is higher than the melting point of the first fuse structure 2, it will cause it to melt undesirably, thereby severing the electrical connection of the external conductor. By providing the second fuse structure 4, such a situation can be avoided. The second fuse structure 4 has a higher melting point than the first fuse structure 2, making it less likely to melt. The second fuse structure 4 closes the second channel 15. Therefore, even after the first fuse structure 2 melts, the second channel 15 is closed because the melting temperature of the second fuse structure 4 has not been reached, and the melted first fuse structure 2 will not flow into the accommodating cavity 12, thereby maintaining the electrical conduction state of the first fuse structure 2 to the external conductor and enabling it to work normally. Only when the second fuse structure 4 melts can the first fuse structure 2 be pushed into the accommodating cavity 12, thereby reducing the impact of the external environment on the first fuse structure 2.

[0063] Preferably, the side of the second fuse structure 4 is sealed with the inner wall of the second channel 15, and the end is in contact with and fits with the first fuse structure 2 to reduce the gap between the two, further avoiding the first fuse structure 2 from moving into the accommodating cavity 12 due to the pressure difference on both sides after melting due to the gap between the second fuse structure 4 and the first fuse structure 2. Alternatively, there is a gap between the second fuse structure 4 and the first fuse structure 2, and the pressure in the gap is equal to the pressure in the accommodating cavity 12. In this case, the first fuse structure 2 can also be avoided from moving after melting.

[0064] Preferably, the contact area between the second fuse structure 4 and the first fuse structure 2 is smaller than the contact area between the first fuse structure 2 and the external conductor. That is, the heat transfer area between the second fuse structure 4 and the first fuse structure 2 is smaller than the heat transfer area between the first fuse structure 2 and the external conductor, further ensuring that the second fuse structure 4 will not melt before the first fuse structure 2.

[0065] In some preferred embodiments, Figure 7 As shown, the extension direction of the second channel 15 is the same as the extension direction of the fuse channel 11; based on the second channel 15 and the fuse channel 11 being set to extend in the same direction and the ends of the two being connected, the resistance when the cleaning block 3 moves can be reduced.

[0066] In some preferred embodiments, the aspect ratio of the cleaning block 3 is greater than or equal to 0.5 to prevent the cleaning block 3 from deforming under the pressure difference on both sides and causing failure of the abutment seal. More preferably, the aspect ratio of the cleaning block 3 is greater than or equal to 1.0. More preferably, the aspect ratio of the cleaning block 3 is greater than or equal to 1.5.

[0067] In some preferred embodiments, Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, the second channel 15 includes a straight channel segment and / or a bent channel segment and / or an arc-shaped channel segment.

[0068] In some preferred embodiments, Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the second channel 15 is connected to the outside world through the switch element 17, and the outside pressure is higher than the pressure in the accommodating chamber 12; the switch element 17 is closed, the second channel 15 is closed, and the pressure in the second channel 15 is equal to the pressure in the accommodating chamber 12; the switch element 17 is opened, the second channel 15 is connected to the outside world, and the second channel 15 is located on the second end side and is exposed to a pressure environment higher than the pressure of the accommodating chamber 12; so that the cleaning block 2 moves in the second channel 15 and the fuse channel 11 under the action of the pressure difference, or moves in the second channel 16, the fuse channel 11 and the first channel 16 under the action of the pressure difference, so as to push the molten first fuse structure 2 into the accommodating chamber 12; at this time, the outside world can be the atmospheric environment or a pressure system higher than the atmospheric pressure, and the inside of the accommodating chamber 12 is a negative pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure or a positive pressure lower than the pressure of the external pressure system.

[0069] Preferably, the communication port of the first channel 16 connecting to the fuse channel 11 is located on the top surface of the fuse channel 11 to ensure that the molten first fuse structure 2 is not easy to enter the first channel 16 when there is no pressure difference between the two ends.

[0070] As an embodiment of the switching element 17, Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the switch element 17 is a cover plate, such as a metal material. The cover plate can cover the channel opening of the second channel 15 to seal the second channel 15, or be opened to connect the second channel 15 to the outside world. The cover plate seals the second channel 15, and the pressure inside the second channel 15 is equal to the pressure inside the accommodating chamber 12. Because the pressure inside the second channel 15 is equal to the pressure inside the accommodating chamber 12 when the cover plate seals the second channel 15, even if the first fuse structure 2 is in a molten state, it will not flow into the accommodating chamber 12. Therefore, it can maintain an electrical connection with the external conductor. Only when the cover plate is opened can the molten first fuse structure 2 flow into the accommodating chamber 12, thereby preventing abnormal failure of the fuse. The cover plate can directly cover the channel opening of the second channel 15, or it can be rotatably connected to the insulating body 1. The specific selection can be made according to needs. In this solution, preferably, the outside world is an atmospheric pressure environment, that is, the second channel 15 is directly connected to the outside world, and the pressure inside the accommodating chamber 12 is negative pressure.

[0071] As another embodiment of switch element 17, switch element 17 is a valve that connects to the outside world. The effect of achieving external communication through the valve is similar to that of the metal cover and is not described in detail here. Specifically, the valve can be manually controlled or program-controlled, depending on the needs. The implementation method can refer to existing designs and is not described here in detail here.

[0072] In some preferred embodiments, the cleaning block 3 has a compressed state and a free state. The cleaning block 3 is in a compressed state within the fuse channel 11, the second channel 15, and the first channel 16, so that after entering the accommodating cavity 12, the cleaning block 3 expands to block the cavity entrance 121. First, the cleaning block 3 is in a compressed state within the fuse channel 11, the second channel 15, and the first channel 16, which, on the one hand, ensures a pressure difference between the two sides and, on the other hand, ensures that the molten first fuse structure 2 is thoroughly pushed out. When the cleaning block 3 expands to a free state within the accommodating cavity 12, it can prevent the first fuse structure 2 that has flowed into the accommodating cavity 12 from flowing back into the fuse channel 11, thereby ensuring that the electrical connection to the external conductor is cut off.

[0073] Preferably, the force for converting the cleaning block 3 from the free state to the compressed state is relatively small, that is, the cleaning block 3 is more likely to deform, such as by being made of foam material.

[0074] In some preferred embodiments, the cross-sectional areas of the second channel 15, the fuse channel 11, and the first channel 16 are equal; or, the cross-sectional areas of the second channel 15, the fuse channel 11, and the first channel 16 increase successively, and the connection is smoothly transitioned; so as to reduce the resistance of the cleaning block 3 when passing through the connection position between the channels during movement, so that it can pass more smoothly.

[0075] In some preferred embodiments, the cross-sectional areas of the fuse channel 11, the second channel 15 and the first channel 16 are equal, and the three are connected to form a continuous channel so that the cleaning block 3 can enter the accommodating cavity 12; for example, the fuse channel 11, the second channel 15 and the first channel 16 all maintain contact with the channel wall, and expand after entering the accommodating cavity 12, thereby blocking the cavity entrance 121 of the first channel 16, thereby preventing the first fuse structure 2 in the accommodating cavity 12 from flowing back into the first channel 16.

[0076] In some preferred embodiments, Figure 4 As shown, the communication port of the first channel 16 connecting to the fuse channel 11 is located on the top surface of the fuse channel 11 to ensure that the molten first fuse structure 2 is not easy to enter the first channel 16 without a pressure difference at both ends.

[0077] In some preferred embodiments, Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, a heat conductor 5, such as a metal sheet, is provided on the inner wall of the first channel 16. Heat conduction can be performed between the heat conductor 5 and the first fuse structure 2, and the melting point of the heat conductor 5 is greater than that of the first fuse structure 2. In the case of external vibration, the molten first fuse structure 2 will splash onto the inner wall of the first channel 16 and solidify and adhere to the inner wall of the first channel 16, which will increase the flow resistance. However, since the heat conductor 5 is provided on the inner wall of the first channel 16 and can quickly conduct heat between it and the first fuse structure 2, its temperature is roughly the same as that of the first fuse structure 2, ensuring that the molten first fuse structure 2 that is ejected onto the inner wall of the first channel 16 due to splashing can fall back into the fuse channel 11 in a molten state, thereby reducing the flow resistance. Preferably, the surface of the heat conductor 5 is flush with the surface of the first channel 16, that is, the heat conductor 5 is embedded in the inner wall of the first channel 16.

[0078] Preferably, the heat conductor 5 includes an annular structure with a certain height along the extension direction of the first channel 16; the inner wall of the first channel 16 close to the first fuse structure 2 is covered by the heat conductor 5, which can avoid the molten first fuse structure 2 from splashing and solidifying on the inner wall of the first channel 16 to the greatest extent, affecting the flow; specifically, the height of the annular structure is set according to needs.

[0079] In some preferred embodiments, Figure 3As shown, the first fuse structure 2 fills the fuse channel 11; the communication port of the first channel 16 connecting to the fuse channel 11 is located on the top surface of the fuse channel 11; the first channel 16 is in a "∩" shape; the accommodating cavity 12 is located below the fuse channel 11, and the size of the accommodating cavity 12 is larger than that of the fuse channel 11; based on the arrangement of the communication port on the top surface of the fuse channel 11, the molten first fuse structure 2 is not easy to enter the first channel 16 when the pressure difference between the two ends is zero; when the battery pack is in operation, there is vibration, and the molten first fuse structure 2 will splash due to the vibration, and the fuse will be The through opening is arranged on the top surface of the fuse channel 11, and the accommodating cavity 12 is arranged below the fuse channel. The first channel 16 is arranged in a "∩" shape, so that the highest top surface of the first fuse structure 2 entering the accommodating cavity 12 after entering the accommodating cavity 12 is away from the top of the "∩" shape, so that the molten first fuse structure 2 is not easy to rebound back into the fuse channel 11; due to the larger volume of the accommodating cavity 12, it has a lower temperature than the fuse channel 11 and / or the first channel 16, which makes it easy for the molten first fuse structure 2 and / or the second fuse structure 4 to solidify and limit the accommodating cavity 12.

[0080] In some preferred embodiments, the cleaning block 2 includes a heat-insulating material for insulating the end portion within the second channel 15, thereby ensuring that the first fuse structure 2 or the second fuse structure 4 melts normally, avoiding abnormal melting due to excessive heat loss to the outside world, and based on the insulation of the cleaning block 2 and the isolation of the first fuse structure 2 or the second fuse structure 4 from the outside world, the melted first fuse structure 2 or the second fuse structure 4 is avoided from cooling and solidifying, affecting the normal melting of the two and the normal movement of the cleaning block 2.

[0081] In some preferred embodiments, Figure 7 As shown, the first channel 16 and the fuse channel 11 have a connecting opening; the connecting opening is located on the bottom surface of the fuse channel 11; the accommodating cavity 12 is located below the fuse channel 11; this arrangement allows the molten first fuse structure 2 to have a minimum flow distance when flowing into the accommodating cavity 12, and does not need to overcome its own weight, thereby greatly reducing the flow resistance, which is conducive to the molten first fuse structure 2 quickly entering the accommodating cavity 12 to cut off the electrical connection between the external conductors.

[0082] In some preferred embodiments, the size of the accommodating cavity 12 is larger than the cross-sectional size of the first channel 16 , so that the first fuse structure 2 entering the accommodating cavity 12 is confined within the accommodating cavity 12 after solidification.

[0083] In some preferred embodiments, the insulating body 1 is a flat rectangular parallelepiped; based on its flat shape, it can reduce the overall height when installed on a single cell; the insulating body 1 can be set to other shapes, such as a shape that fits the top of the battery or other shapes, and can be set as needed.

[0084] In some preferred embodiments, the first conductor accommodating portion 13 and the second conductor accommodating portion 14 are each provided with an external conductor, and the first conductor accommodating portion 13 and the second conductor accommodating portion 14 are each sealed to the external conductor, such as by a structural adhesive. In actual use, the sealing effect of the first conductor accommodating portion 13 and the second conductor accommodating portion 14 should be ensured to prevent the first conductor accommodating portion 13 and the second conductor accommodating portion 14 from being connected to the outside world and affecting the normal operation of the cleaning block 3.

[0085] In some preferred embodiments, the first fuse structure 2 is filled with the fuse channel 11; the first fuse structure 2 can be optionally a long strip structure, the first conductor accommodating portion 13 and the second conductor accommodating portion 14 are located on both sides of the long side of the long strip first fuse structure 2, the second channel 15 is connected to one end of the long side of the first fuse structure 2, and the first channel 16 is connected to the other end of the long side of the first fuse structure 2; the external conductor is electrically connected to the first fuse structure 2 on the side where the long side is located, and the connection length can be equal to or different from the length of the first fuse structure 2. Example 2

[0086] This embodiment provides a series battery row, which uses the fuse A in the above embodiment 1. Figure 8 As shown, the series battery row includes a plurality of single cells 6 and a plurality of busbars 7. The single cells 6 include two poles of different polarities. Each busbar 7 includes a first conductor 71 electrically connected to the pole of the single cell 6 with a polarity, a second conductor 72 electrically connected to the pole of the other polarity of the adjacent single cell 6 connected in series, and the fuse A in Example 1. The first conductor 71, the second conductor 72 and the fuse A form a series busbar with a fuse function. For example, the plurality of single cells 6 are arranged in a straight line to form a series battery row; wherein the first conductor 71 is arranged in the first conductor accommodating portion 13, the second conductor 72 is arranged in the second conductor accommodating portion 14, and the first conductor 71 is arranged in the first conductor accommodating portion 13, the second conductor 72 is arranged in the second conductor accommodating portion 14, and the first conductor 71 is arranged in the second conductor accommodating portion 14. The conductor 71 and the second conductor 72 are electrically connected through the first fuse structure 2, and the first conductor 71 and the second conductor 72 are sealed to the first conductor accommodating portion 13 and the second conductor accommodating portion 14 by structural adhesive; multiple single cells 6 are connected in series through multiple bus bars 7, for example, the positive electrode of the single cell 6 at the front is electrically connected to the first conductor 71, and the negative electrode of the single cell 6 at the rear is electrically connected to the second conductor 72, or the negative electrode of the single cell 6 at the front is electrically connected to the first conductor 71, and the positive electrode of the single cell 6 at the rear is electrically connected to the second conductor 72; the single cell 6 can be a cylindrical battery or a square battery. Example 3

[0087] This embodiment provides a parallel battery row, using the fuse A in the above embodiment 1. Figure 9As shown, it includes multiple single cells 6 and multiple busbars 7. Each single cell 6 includes two poles of different polarity. Each busbar includes a first conductor 71, a second conductor 72, and the fuse A of Example 1. The first conductor 71, the second conductor 72, and the fuse 10 form a parallel busbar with a fuse function. The first conductor 71 is disposed in a first conductor accommodating portion 13, and the second conductor 72 is disposed in a second conductor accommodating portion 14. The first conductor 71 and the second conductor 72 are sealed to the first conductor accommodating portion 13 and the second conductor accommodating portion 14 by structural adhesive. The first conductor 71 and the second conductor 72 are electrically connected by a first fuse structure 2. The poles of the same polarity of adjacent single cells 6 are electrically connected by the first conductor 71, the second conductor 72, and the first fuse structure 2. The multiple single cells 6 form a parallel battery row through the multiple busbars 7. The single cells 6 can be cylindrical or prismatic. Example 4

[0088] A battery pack includes a plurality of battery rows connected in series according to embodiment 2, and / or a plurality of battery rows connected in parallel according to embodiment 3.

[0089] As an implementation method of this embodiment, Figure 10 As shown, a battery pack is formed by multiple series-connected battery rows according to Example 2. The multiple series-connected battery rows are arranged side by side to form a battery array. The single cells in the multiple series-connected battery rows are arranged in a straight line or staggered, preferably staggered, to achieve higher energy density. Adjacent series-connected battery rows are connected in series to form a series battery pack. Fuse A according to Example 1 can be installed between the series-connected battery rows.

[0090] As a second implementation method of this embodiment, Figure 11 As shown, a battery pack is formed by multiple parallel battery rows of Example 3. Multiple parallel battery rows are arranged side by side to form a battery array. The individual cells of the multiple parallel battery rows are arranged in a straight line or staggered, preferably staggered, to achieve higher energy density. Adjacent parallel battery rows are connected in parallel to form a parallel battery pack. Fuse A of Example 1 can be installed between the series-connected parallel battery rows or between the parallel individual cells.

[0091] As a third implementation method of this embodiment, Figure 12 and Figure 13 As shown, a battery pack is formed by multiple series-connected battery rows according to Example 2. The multiple series-connected battery rows are arranged side by side to form a battery array. The single cells in the multiple series-connected battery rows are arranged in a straight line or staggered, preferably staggered, to achieve higher energy density. Adjacent series-connected battery rows are connected in parallel to form a series-parallel battery pack. Fuse A according to Example 1 can be installed between the series-connected battery rows.

[0092] Alternatively, a battery pack may be formed by combining multiple parallel battery rows of Example 3. The multiple parallel battery rows are arranged side by side to form a battery array. The single cells of the multiple parallel battery rows are arranged in a straight line or staggered, preferably staggered, to achieve higher energy density. Adjacent parallel battery rows are connected in series to form a series-parallel battery pack. Fuse A of Example 1 may be installed between the parallel battery rows.

[0093] In this embodiment, since fuses are provided between adjacent batteries in both the series and parallel directions, the out-of-control battery can be individually isolated without affecting the normal operation of other battery cells, and the fuses within the series battery row and the fuses A between adjacent series battery rows can have the same or different specifications. For example, the fuse used for parallel connection between rows has a smaller size and a smaller preset maximum passing current; similarly, the fuses A used within or between rows can have the same specifications.

[0094] The embodiments of the present invention are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation methods. The above-mentioned specific implementation methods are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the guidance of the present invention, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention and the claims, all of which are protected by the present invention.

Claims

1. A fuse, characterized in that: include: An insulating body, wherein a conductor accommodating channel is provided within the insulating body; the conductor accommodating channel includes a fuse channel and a first conductor accommodating portion and a second conductor accommodating portion located on either side of the fuse channel; the first conductor accommodating portion and the second conductor accommodating portion are used to accommodate an external conductor electrically connected to a first fuse structure; both sides of the fuse channel can be closed by the external conductor; the insulating body further includes a first channel and a second channel, wherein a first end of the first channel and a first end of the second channel are respectively connected to two ends of the fuse channel; The first fuse structure is arranged in the fuse channel; an accommodating cavity, disposed in the insulating body, having a cavity and a cavity entrance; the cavity entrance is communicated with the second end of the first channel; a cleaning block disposed in the second channel; the cleaning block is elastic and can elastically abut and seal against the inner wall of the second channel; the pressure on the second end of the second channel is higher than the pressure of the accommodating chamber, and when the first fuse structure is in a molten state, the cleaning block can move within the second channel and the fuse channel under the action of the pressure difference, or move within the second channel, the fuse channel, and the first channel under the action of the pressure difference, so as to push the molten first fuse structure into the accommodating chamber; A heat conductor is provided on the inner wall of the first channel, heat conduction can be performed between the heat conductor and the first fuse structure, and the melting point of the heat conductor is greater than the melting point of the first fuse structure; The heat conductor comprises an annular structure having a certain height along the extending direction of the first channel; The heat conductor is a metal sheet.

2. The fuse according to claim 1, wherein: The second channel is filled with a second fuse structure; The second fuse structure is arranged between the cleaning block and the first fuse structure. The second fuse structure in a non-melted state closes the second channel. The end of the second fuse structure can conduct heat with the first fuse structure. The melting point of the second fuse structure is higher than that of the first fuse structure.

3. The fuse according to claim 2, characterized in that The contact area between the second fuse structure and the first fuse structure is smaller than the contact area between the first fuse structure and the external conductor.

4. The fuse according to claim 1, wherein: The second channel is connected to the outside world through the switch element, and the pressure of the outside world is higher than the pressure in the accommodation chamber; The second channel can be closed when the switch element is closed, and the pressure in the second channel is equal to the pressure in the accommodating chamber; The second channel can be connected to the outside when the switch element is turned on, and one side of the second end of the second channel is exposed to a pressure environment higher than the pressure in the accommodating chamber.

5. The fuse according to claim 4, characterized in that The switch element is a valve or a cover plate.

6. The fuse according to claim 1, wherein: There is a smooth transition between the second channel and the fuse channel, or there is a smooth transition between the second channel, the fuse channel and the first channel.

7. The fuse according to claim 1, wherein: The cleaning block has a compressed state and a free state; The cleaning block is in the compressed state in the fuse channel, the second channel and the first channel, and is in the free state in the accommodating cavity, so that the cleaning block expands after entering the accommodating cavity to block the cavity entrance.

8. The fuse according to claim 1, wherein: The cross-sectional areas of the second channel, the fuse channel and the first channel are equal; Alternatively, the cross-sectional areas of the second channel, the fuse channel, and the first channel increase in sequence, and the connections are smoothly transitioned.

9. The fuse according to claim 1, wherein: The first channel and the fuse channel have a communication opening, and the communication opening is located on the top surface of the fuse channel.

10. The fuse according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The cleaning block comprises a heat-insulating material.

11. The fuse according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The first fuse structure is configured to fill the fuse channel.

12. A series battery row, characterized in that: include, A plurality of single cells, each of which includes two poles with different polarities; A plurality of busbars, each comprising a first conductor, a second conductor, and a fuse according to any one of claims 1 to 11; the first conductor being electrically connected to a pole of one polarity of the single battery, the first conductor being disposed within a first conductor accommodating portion of the fuse, the second conductor being electrically connected to a pole of the other polarity of the adjacent single battery connected in series, the second conductor being disposed within a second conductor accommodating portion of the fuse, and the first and second conductors being electrically connected via a first fusing structure of the fuse; A plurality of the single cells form the series-connected battery row through a plurality of the bus bars.

13. A parallel battery row, characterized in that: include, A plurality of single cells, each of which includes two poles with different polarities; A plurality of busbars, each busbar comprising a first conductor, a second conductor, and the fuse according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the first conductor is disposed in a first conductor accommodating portion of the fuse, the second conductor is disposed in a second conductor accommodating portion of the fuse, and the first conductor and the second conductor are electrically connected via a first fuse structure of the fuse; like-polarity poles of adjacent single cells are electrically connected in parallel via the first conductor, the second conductor, and the first fuse structure; A plurality of the single batteries form the parallel battery row through a plurality of the bus bars.

14. A battery pack, characterized in that: The method comprises a plurality of battery rows connected in series as claimed in claim 12 and / or a plurality of battery rows connected in parallel as claimed in claim 13.

Images