A multi-system driven prairie low-disturbance seeding implement and method

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of prairie low disturbance seeding tools of multi-system drive, including the seeding and cutting composite monomer hung on the middle beam of frame, the seed metering system fixedly connected above frame, the power transmission hexagonal shaft fixedly connected below the beam of both sides of frame, the hydraulic system fixedly connected above the beam of front end of frame;Seeding and cutting composite monomer has independent profiling function, can complete cutting, ditching, seeding, compacting operation at one time, measure soil firmness in real time and calculate tool optimum operating speed feedback to tractor during operation.This application is driven by electric control system, hydraulic system and mechanical system, intelligent mechanized operation such as cutting, seeding, supplemental planting, grass and bean mixed planting and other multiple forms can be realized on prairie, and low disturbance prairie seedbed construction can be realized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of grassland ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a multi-system driven grassland low-disturbance seeding machine and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Grassland degradation leads to the reduction of productivity and forage quality, and affects the effective play of its ecological and cultural functions. Mechanical seeding, reseeding and mixed seeding are effective means to realize the ecological restoration of degraded grassland, but the mechanical operation requires as much as possible to reduce the disturbance and damage to the grassland. Due to the unique "litter-soil-root" composite soil layer structure of the grassland, the existing seeding, reseeding (mixed) seeding machine has single function, and the key tillage components are prone to cause large ground disturbance, large vegetation damage, root pulling, soil turning, ground wheel sliding and other problems when applied to the grassland operation, which has limitations and cannot achieve ideal operation effect. Therefore, there is an urgent need for special grassland seeding, reseeding (mixed) seeding machine with low disturbance, strong applicability and good operation effect to provide strong support for the realization of grassland ecological restoration. SUMMARY

[0003] In view of the above technical problems, the purpose of the present application is to provide a multi-system driven grassland low-disturbance seeding / reseeding (mixed) seeding machine and method, which solves the problems of large ground disturbance, large vegetation damage, root pulling, soil turning, ground wheel sliding and other problems caused by the unique "litter-soil-root" composite soil layer structure of the grassland when the grassland tillage components are operated, and is used for grassland root cutting, seeding, reseeding and legume-forage mixed seeding operation, so as to improve the grassland vegetation coverage and grassland productivity, and promote the ecological restoration of degraded grassland.

[0004] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following technical scheme:

[0005] A multi-system driven grassland low-disturbance seeding / reseeding (mixed) seeding machine, comprising a machine frame, and a seeding and root cutting composite unit, a seed metering system, a power transmission hexagonal shaft and a hydraulic system installed on the machine frame.

[0006] The machine frame is composed of a cross beam, a three-point suspension, a suspension pull plate, a rear suspension ear and a front profiled suspension ear. The cross beam is welded by cold bending hollow section steel, the three-point suspension is directly welded on the cross beam of the machine frame, the two suspension pull plates are hinged at the upper suspension point of the three-point suspension by a pin shaft at the front end, and are hinged at the rear suspension ear by a pin shaft at the rear end, the rear suspension ear is welded at the rear end of the cross beam of the machine frame, and the front profiled suspension ear is welded at the front end of the cross beam of the machine frame.

[0007] The seeding and root cutting composite monomer is composed of a root cutting and ditching device, a "human" shaped support side plate, a power transmission system, a speed increasing box, a profiling device, a V-shaped press wheel, a press wheel mounting frame, a disc root cutting device and a support sleeve; the root cutting and ditching device is bolted to the "human" shaped support side plate through square seat bearings UELFU 306 at both ends; one end of the speed increasing box is embedded in the support sleeve, and the support sleeve is sleeved in the mounting hole reserved in the "human" shaped support side plate; the speed increasing box is fixed on the mounting plate through anchor bolts, and the mounting plate is welded on one "human" shaped support side plate to realize positioning of the speed increasing box; the power transmission system is connected to the corner box of the root cutting and ditching device; the support frame at the lower end of the damping device is bolted to the "human" shaped support side plate; the V-shaped press wheel is bolted to the press wheel mounting frame, and the press wheel mounting frame is bolted to the "human" shaped support side plate through four bolts on both sides; the disc root cutting device is welded to the front end of the "human" shaped support side plate; the clamps position the two "human" shaped support side plates through bolts on both sides; the damping device is composed of a lower connecting fork, a spring, a screw rod, an adjusting nut, an upper connecting fork, a support lug and a support frame; the support frame is hinged to the "human" shaped support side plate through four bolts on both sides, and a support lug is welded to the support frame; the lower connecting fork is hinged to the support lug through a bolt, the screw rod is welded at the center of the lower connecting fork, the spring is sleeved on the screw rod, the lower end of the spring is connected to the top of the lower connecting fork, the upper end of the spring is connected to the lower end of the upper connecting fork, the adjusting nut is screwed on the screw rod and pressed on the upper end of the upper connecting fork, and the size of the spring force in the damping device can be adjusted by screwing the adjusting nut;

[0008] The disc root cutting device comprises a U-shaped welding plate, a root cutting depth adjusting plate, a tensile and compressive force sensor, a disc root cutting knife, a signal processing module and a data transmitter; the U-shaped welding plate is directly welded at the front end of the "H" shaped support side plate, the root cutting depth adjusting plate is fixed at the two sides of the U-shaped welding plate through a U-shaped clamp, the relative position of the root cutting depth adjusting plate and the U-shaped welding plate is adjusted to realize the adjustment of the disc root cutting depth, the lower end of the tensile and compressive force sensor is fixed on the U-shaped welding plate through a stud, the upper end is installed on the connecting plate at the lower end of the profiling device through a stud, the upper end of the profiling device is hinged on the disc root cutting knife installed on the two sides of the U-shaped welding plate; the disc root cutting device is rigidly connected with the "H" shaped support side plate, the upper end of which is connected with the profiling device, the profiling device is hinged on the front profiling suspension ear, the tensile and compressive force sensor can monitor the soil resistance of the disc root cutting knife in real time during the operation, the signal emitted by the tensile and compressive force sensor is transmitted to the signal processing module, the signal processing module decodes the signal emitted by the sensor into a digital signal, and then calculates the optimal operation speed range of the machine tool according to the real-time soil firmness and the preset firmness and speed comparison parameters, and outputs the optimal operation speed range of the machine tool to the speed control module of the tractor cab through the data transmitter, so as to change the operation speed of the tractor in real time, the thickness of the disc root cutting knife is less than 5mm, and the operation depth can be adjusted, the grass roots can be cut off and a narrow slit less than 5mm can be formed during the operation, and the disturbance to the grassland is small.

[0009] The root cutting and ditching device comprises a knife shaft, two UELFU 306 square seat bearings, a knife seat, a cutter head, a profiling wheel, a shield, a root cutting knife and a corner box; the two UELFU 306 square seat bearings are arranged at the two ends of the knife shaft, the cutter head is welded on the knife seat, the knife seat is connected with the knife shaft through a flat key, the shield is fixed on the two UELFU 306 square seat bearings through bolts, the root cutting knife is installed in the reserved knife groove of the cutter head and fixed through bolts, and the corner box is installed on the hexagonal shaft at one side of the knife shaft; the installation sequence of the root cutting and ditching device is as follows: taking the boss at the middle of the knife shaft as a reference, the flat key is installed on the left side of the boss, then the cutter head seat is sleeved on the knife shaft, the cutter head seat is pressed tightly by the UELFU 306 square seat bearings, finally, the shaft end baffle and locking screw are installed at the end of the shaft, the profiling wheel is installed on the right side of the boss, the profiling wheel is installed on the knife shaft through two 6206-2RZ deep groove ball bearings, the bearing outer side is connected with the profiling wheel hub, the profiling wheel support frame is welded on the profiling wheel hub, and the tire is fixed on the profiling wheel support frame through bolts.

[0010] The shroud comprises an opener, a pad plate, a seed tube, a knife shroud; wherein the upper end of the shroud is the knife shroud, and the lower end is the opener, the left and right sides of the knife shroud are provided with bolt connection holes, which are matched and installed with the mounting holes on the square seat bearing of the UELFU 306, the knife shroud at the upper end of the shroud can play the role of safety device during the operation of the knife, and the opener at the lower end can realize the expansion of the ditch and the seeding, the opener has a certain slope relative to the horizontal plane, which prevents the seed tube from being blocked due to soil scraping, the earth entering part of the opener is provided with a blade, the bottom end of the seed tube is welded with the pad plate, the pad plate can make a gap between the seed tube and the opener, the bottom end of the seed tube has an angle, and there is a 15mm gap between the bottom end of the seed tube and the opener, which further prevents the soil from entering the seed tube during the operation and causing the seed tube to be blocked.

[0011] The V-shaped roller comprises a roller frame, an angle adjusting handle, a spring, a solid rubber wheel, a mud scraping plate, and a roller support frame; the roller support frame is hingedly connected to the roller mounting frame by bolts, one end of the spring is hung on the hole of the angle adjusting handle, and the other end of the spring is hung on the pin shaft at the lower edge of the roller support frame; the roller mounting frame is installed on the "H" shaped support side plate by four bolts; the size of the rolling pressure of the roller can be adjusted by adjusting the position of the angle adjusting handle on the roller frame; and the mud scraping plate can scrape off the mud adhered to the solid rubber wheel during the operation.

[0012] The seed metering system comprises a box body, a seed box cover, a motor, a hexagonal transmission shaft, an external groove wheel seed metering device, a GPS module, and a single-chip microcomputer; the box body is welded by a seed groove and two side plates; the seed box cover and the box body are hingedly connected; the two motors are respectively installed on the two side plates of the box body by four bolts; the hexagonal transmission shaft passes through the motor hole and the transmission hole of the external groove wheel seed metering device, and can transmit the power of the motor to the external groove wheel seed metering device to realize the seed metering operation; the GPS module is installed on the box body, can receive the GPS signal and obtain the speed of the machine in real time; the speed information is transmitted to the single-chip microcomputer through the serial port; the single-chip microcomputer calculates the theoretical speed of the seed metering device according to the real-time speed and the preset seed metering parameters and feeds back to the motor; each side of the external groove wheel seed metering device is equipped with a standard hexagonal clamp; the seed metering amount can be controlled by adjusting the exposed area of the groove wheel; the seed metering amount can also be accurately adjusted according to the forward speed of the machine during the operation by adjusting the motor speed controlled by the single-chip microcomputer; since the two motors operate independently, the device can realize the mixed seeding of different grass seeds; according to the agronomic seeding requirements of various seeds, on the one hand, the seeding amount and accuracy can be optimized by adjusting the contact area of the groove wheel and the seeds and using the single-chip microcomputer to automatically control the motor speed; on the other hand, the external groove wheel seed metering device is a universal replaceable seed metering device, which can effectively realize the accurate mixed seeding of various types of grass seeds by replacing the external groove wheel seed metering device suitable for different types of grass seeds; the two methods can jointly ensure the mixed seeding effect.

[0013] The hydraulic system comprises a speed-increasing box, a hydraulic pump, a speed-increasing box supporting rod, an intelligent flow regulating valve, a regulating valve support, a hydraulic oil tank, an oil tank support, a hydraulic motor, and a motor support; the speed-increasing box is installed on the rear output shaft of the tractor through spline in the working state, and is hung on the speed-increasing box supporting rod in the non-working state; the speed-increasing box supporting rod is welded on the frame 1; the hydraulic pump is installed integrally with the speed-increasing box through four bolts; the hydraulic oil tank is fixed on the oil tank support through four bolts; the oil tank support is fixed on the square steel of the frame 1 through two bolts of the foot; the intelligent flow regulating valve is fixed on the regulating valve support through two bolts; the regulating valve support is directly welded on one side of the oil tank support; the hydraulic motor is fixed on the motor support through four bolts; the motor support is fixed on the frame through two bolts of the foot; the hydraulic motor output shaft is connected with a chain wheel through a common flat key; the chain wheel is connected with the chain wheel on the power transmission hexagonal shaft through a chain; the left and right ends of the hexagonal shaft 4 are positioned by the UELFU206 with a diamond bearing seat; the bearing seats at the two ends are fixed on the bearing seat support through bolts; the bearing seat support is fixed on the square steel of the frame through bolts; the power of the hydraulic system comes from the rear output shaft of the tractor; the rear output shaft of the tractor drives the speed-increasing box to rotate; the speed-increasing box is directly connected with the hydraulic pump to drive the hydraulic pump to rotate; the hydraulic pump generates oil pressure, and then controls the flow of the hydraulic motor through the intelligent flow regulating valve; the hydraulic motor drives the chain wheel on the hexagonal shaft to rotate through the chain wheel; the hexagonal shaft and the chain wheel are connected through a common flat key; the power of the hexagonal shaft is transmitted to the speed-increasing box on each single body to drive the single body to work.

[0014] A multi-system driven grassland low-disturbance seeding / interplanting method, comprising: the implement operation is realized by the joint driving of an electric control system, a hydraulic system and a mechanical system; the implement operation speed is controlled in real time through the electric control system; the change of the implement operation speed is fed back to the hydraulic pump, so that the power output of the hydraulic system is controlled by changing the input rotating speed of the hydraulic pump of the rear output shaft of the tractor, thereby driving the mechanical system to complete the real-time regulation of the rotating speed of the cutting knife, and ensuring that each mechanism realizes stable operation through the cooperation of the hydraulic system and the mechanical system, and the specific implementation is as follows:

[0015] a. In the implement operation process, the soil firmness of the cutting disc operation plot is collected in real time through a pull pressure sensor; the signal generated by the sensor is transmitted to a signal processing module; the signal processing module converts the signal of the sensor into a digital signal, calculates the optimal operation speed according to the preset relationship between the soil firmness and the forward speed, and then a data transmitter sends the speed range to a speed control module in the cab of the tractor, so as to realize the real-time regulation of the implement operation speed;

[0016] b. The tractor will adjust the speed of the rear output shaft according to the working speed of the machine tool. When the input speed of the hydraulic system changes, the pressure of the hydraulic system will change. The output speed and torque of the hydraulic motor are adjusted to drive the cutting knife to work, ensuring stable furrowing depth and cutting effect;

[0017] c. The GPS module can obtain the real-time working speed of the machine tool and transmit the speed information to the single-chip microcomputer through the serial port. The single-chip microcomputer calculates the theoretical speed of the seed metering device according to the real-time speed and the preset seeding parameters, thereby determining the speed of the seed metering motor. At the same time, combined with the agricultural requirements such as reseeding or mixed seeding, the preset seeding parameters of different grass seeds are selected for regulation and arrangement.

[0018] d. Through the cooperation of the electric control system, the hydraulic system and the mechanical system, the working stability of the machine tool is ensured. The electric control system can identify and calculate the cutting knife speed and seed metering speed under different types of soil, and then feed back the cutting information to the hydraulic system and the mechanical system for execution, and feed back the seed metering information to the seed metering motor for execution.

[0019] The specific working steps are as follows:

[0020] ① Before working, the tractor connects the machine tool through the three-point suspension system, and uses the hydraulic system of the tractor to lift the machine tool. The power output shaft of the tractor is connected to the speed increasing box to provide the required working speed for the hydraulic pump;

[0021] ② During operation, the tractor advances the machine tool through the three-point suspension system and adjusts the downward pressure generated by the tractor hydraulic system to ensure that the profiling wheel and the disc cutting knife fully contact the ground to ensure the working effect. The two disc cutting knives at the front end of each single body rely on the elastic force of the profiling device spring, the weight of the machine tool and the supporting force of the single body rear wheel to cut the roots. A narrow cutting slit less than 5mm is formed on both sides of the narrow slit formed by the active cutting and seeding. The disc cutting knife can control the cutting depth in the range of 50mm-150mm through its adjusting mechanism, and can cut off the shallow horizontal roots and surface litter. The real-time soil firmness of the disc cutting knife during operation is collected by the sensor and calculated by the signal processing module to obtain the optimal working speed threshold of the machine tool. The speed control module of the tractor will adjust the speed of the tractor in real time according to the received data.

[0022] ③The real-time speed of the tractor will affect the rotation speed of the rear power output shaft, thereby regulating the input rotation speed of the hydraulic system, adjusting the output rotation speed through the hydraulic motor, transmitting power through the mechanical system to drive the dehulling knife to rotate counterclockwise, cutting off the surface dry matter and surface grassland to form a groove with a width of about 6 mm and a depth of 60 mm. Then, the groove is expanded and sown through the furrow opener and the seed tube, and the sowing depth is set to 40 mm. After the seeds are dropped, the V-shaped roller is used to gather and compact the soil on both sides of the seed groove to the middle, so as to increase the contact area between the seeds and the soil.

[0023] ④The GPS module can monitor the forward speed of the machine in real time, and calculate the optimal seed spacing speed through the single-chip microcomputer to control the seed spacing motor to perform the sowing operation. In combination with the forward speed of the machine and the agronomic requirements of different crops, the sowing operation of different types of seeds can be met. Thus, under the joint driving of the electric control system, the hydraulic system and the mechanical system, the intelligent pasture seed reseeding is realized while cutting off the surface dry matter and underground horizontal root system of the natural grassland under the condition of low disturbance.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages:

[0025] The present application has the advantages that the electric control system, the hydraulic system and the mechanical system are jointly driven to realize intelligent and mechanized operations such as dehulling, sowing, reseeding and grass-bean mixed sowing on the grassland, and the grassland seedbed can be constructed under the condition of low disturbance. The dehulling, sowing and compacting are integrated, and the active dehulling, driven sowing and single-disc dehulling are integrated by using the "H" shaped side plate, which improves the single operation mode of the traditional operation machine, reduces the damage to the natural grassland, and greatly increases the ventilation and water permeability of the grassland after each single operation. The compact structure is beneficial to the falling of the grass seeds into the prepared seed groove and the germination of the grass seeds. The dehulling and sowing speed can be intelligently adjusted according to different ground conditions to meet the operation requirements of different types of seeds in different types of soil. The device has good profiling function, ensures uniform and consistent sowing depth, and has small ground disturbance and vegetation damage. The device contains intelligent controllers such as GPS module and single-chip microcomputer, which can change the operation speed of the machine, the real-time rotation speed of the dehulling knife and the sowing amount in real time according to different types of soil, ensure uniform sowing amount, and use two motors to drive the seed spacing. The device can simultaneously sow two types of pasture seeds according to different sowing amount requirements, mix multiple pasture seeds, and is multi-purpose. The device solves the problem of missing sowing caused by the sliding of the ground wheel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a side view of a multi-system driven grassland low-disturbance sowing / reseeding (mixed) sowing machine according to the present application;

[0027] Figure 2 FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the frame structure;

[0028] Figure 3 Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the seeding and root cutting composite monomer structure;

[0029] Figure 4 Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the root cutting and furrowing device structure;

[0030] Figure 5 Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the root cutting and furrowing device cross-sectional structure;

[0031] Figure 6 Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the furrowing device and root cutting knife shield structure;

[0032] Figure 7 Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the V-shaped press wheel structure;

[0033] Figure 8 Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the seed metering system structure;

[0034] Figure 9 Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic system;

[0035] Figure 10 Figure 8 is a side view of the working principle of the seeding machine of the present application;

[0036] Figure 11 Figure 9 is a top view of the working principle of the seeding machine of the present application;

[0037] The reference signs in the drawings are as follows:

[0038] 1 frame; 11 crossbeam; 12 three-point linkage; 13 linkage pull plate; 14 rear linkage ear; 15 front profiled linkage ear;

[0039] 2 root cutting composite monomer; 21 root cutting and furrowing device; 211 knife shaft; 212 square seat bearing; 213 knife seat; 214 knife disc; 215 profiled wheel; 2151 deep groove ball bearing; 2152 profiled wheel hub; 2153 profiled wheel support frame; 2154 tire; 216 shield; 2161 furrowing device; 2162 pad; 2163 seed guide tube; 2164 root cutting knife shield; 217 root cutting knife; 218 corner box; 22 "H" shaped support side plate; 221 clip; 23 power transmission system; 24 speed increasing box I; 25 profiling device; 251 lower connecting fork; 252 spring; 253 screw rod; 254 adjusting nut; 255 upper connecting fork; 256 support ear; 257 support frame; 26 V-shaped press wheel; 261 press wheel frame; 262 angle adjusting handle; 263 spring; 264 solid rubber wheel; 265 mud scraping plate; 266 press wheel support frame; 27 press wheel mounting frame; 28 disc root cutting device; 281 U-shaped welded plate; 282 root cutting depth adjusting plate; 283 tension and pressure sensor; 284 disc root cutting knife; 285 signal processing module; 286 data transmitter; 29 support sleeve;

[0040] 3 seed metering system; 31 box body; 32 seed box cover; 33 motor; 34 hexagonal transmission shaft; 35 outer groove wheel seed metering device; 36 GPS module; 37 single-chip microcomputer;

[0041] 4 power transmission hexagonal shaft; 41 with rhombic bearing seat; 42 bearing seat support;

[0042] 5 hydraulic system; 51 speed-up box 2; 52 hydraulic pump; 53 speed-up box support rod; 54 intelligent flow regulating valve; 55 regulating valve support; 56 hydraulic oil tank; 57 oil tank support; 58 hydraulic motor; 59 motor support; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The application will be further described below in combination with the drawings and examples.

[0044] As shown in the drawings, Figure 1 The application provides a grassland low-disturbance seeding machine driven by multiple systems, which comprises a frame 1 and a seeding and cutting composite unit 2, a seed metering system 3, a power transmission hexagonal shaft 4 and a hydraulic system 5 installed on the frame 1. The grassland low-disturbance seeding / interplanting (mixing) machine driven by multiple systems is sequentially hung on the middle beam of the frame 1 from front to back, the seed metering system 3 is fixedly connected above the frame 1, the power transmission hexagonal shaft 4 is fixedly connected below the lateral beams of the frame 1, and the hydraulic system 5 is fixedly connected at the front end of the frame 1.

[0045] As shown in the drawings, Figure 2 The frame 1 comprises a cross beam 11, three-point suspensions 12, suspension pull plates 13, rear suspension ears 14 and front profiled suspension ears 15. The main body of the frame 1 is a square frame welded by square steels. The left and right three-point suspensions 12 are in mirror image relationship and are welded on the square steels at the front end. The two suspension pull plates 13 are also in mirror image relationship, are hingedly connected to the three-point suspensions 12 at the front end and are hingedly connected to the rear suspension ears 14 at the rear end. The rear suspension ears 14 are welded above the square steels at the rear end of the frame 1. The four pairs of front profiled suspension ears 15 are welded on the cross beam 11 and are used to hang the profiled device 25.

[0046] As shown in the drawings, Figure 3 The seeding and cutting composite unit 2 comprises a cutting and ditching device 21, a “H”-shaped support side plate 22, a clip 221, a power transmission system 23, a speed-up box 24, a profiled device 25, a lower connecting fork 251, a spring 252, a screw rod 253, an adjusting nut 254, an upper connecting fork 255, a support ear 256, a support frame 257, a V-shaped packer 26, a packer mounting frame 27, a disc cutting device 28, a U-shaped welded plate 281, a cutting depth adjusting plate 282, a tension and pressure sensor 283, a disc cutting knife 284, a signal processing module 285, a data transmitter 286 and a support sleeve 29.

[0047] The cutting and ditching device 21 is installed in the middle of the two "herringbone" support side plates 22, the lower end of the power transmission system 23 is connected with the cutting and ditching device 21, the upper end is connected with the speed increasing box 24, the right side of the speed increasing box 24 is rotationally connected with the support sleeve 29, the profiling device 25 is arranged on the front side and the rear side of the seeding and cutting composite unit 2 respectively, the support frame 257 is fixedly connected above the two "herringbone" support side plates 22 through four bolts on the two sides, a support lug 256 is welded above the support frame 257, the lower connecting fork 251 is rotationally connected above the support lug 256 through a bolt, the screw rod 253 is welded above the lower connecting fork 251, the spring 252 is sleeved on the screw rod 253, the lower end of the spring 252 is movably connected with the top of the lower connecting fork 251, the upper end of the spring 252 is movably connected with the lower end of the upper connecting fork 255, the adjusting nut 254 is screwed on the screw rod 253 and presses the upper end of the upper connecting fork 255, the size of the spring force of the spring 252 in the damping device 25 can be adjusted by screwing the adjusting nut 254; the disc cutting device 28 is arranged at the most front end of the two "herringbone" support side plates 22, the U-shaped welded plate 281 is directly welded at the front end of the "herringbone" support side plate 22, the cutting depth adjusting plate 282 is fixed on the two sides of the U-shaped welded plate 281 through a U-shaped clamp, the cutting depth of the disc cutting operation can be adjusted by adjusting the relative positions of the cutting depth adjusting plate 282 and the U-shaped welded plate 281, the lower end of the tension and pressure sensor 283 is fixedly connected above the U-shaped welded plate 281 through a stud, the upper end of the tension and pressure sensor 283 is installed on the connecting plate 287 at the lower end of the profiling device 25 through a stud, the upper end of the profiling device 25 is rotationally connected with the front profiling suspension lug 15 of the machine frame 1, the disc cutting knives 284 are respectively installed on the two sides of the U-shaped welded plate 281; the tension and pressure sensor 283 can monitor the soil firmness of the working area of the disc cutting knife 284 in real time during the operation, the signal emitted by the tension and pressure sensor 283 will be transmitted to the signal processing module 285, the signal processing module 285 decodes the signal of the sensor into a digital signal, and then calculates the best working speed of the machine according to the real-time soil firmness and the preset firmness and speed comparison parameters, the output best working speed of the machine will be sent to the speed control module of the tractor cab by the data transmitter 286, the working speed of the tractor is changed in real time, the thickness of the disc cutting knife 284 is less than 5mm and the working depth can be adjusted, the shallow grass roots and surface dry materials can be cut off during the operation, and a narrow slit less than 5mm is formed, and the disturbance to the grassland is small;

[0048] As Figure 4 , Figure 5As shown, the root cutting and ditching device 21 comprises a cutter shaft 211, a UELFU 306 square seat bearing 212, a cutter seat 213, a cutter disc 214, a profiling wheel 215, a 6206-2RZ deep groove ball bearing 2151, a profiling wheel hub 2152, a profiling wheel support frame 2153, a tire 2154, a shroud 216, a root cutting knife 217, and a corner box 218; two UELFU 306 square seat bearings 212 are installed at both ends of the cutter shaft 211, the cutter disc 214 is fixedly connected to the outer ring of the cutter seat 213, the cutter seat 213 is fixedly connected with the cutter shaft 211 through a flat key, the profiling wheel 215 is installed on the right side of the boss of the cutter shaft 211, two 6206-2RZ deep groove ball bearings 2151 are installed on the inner ring of the profiling wheel hub 2152, the inner rings of the two 6206-2RZ deep groove ball bearings 2151 are installed on the cutter shaft 211, the left side abuts against the boss of the cutter shaft 211, and the right side abuts against the UELFU 306 square seat bearing 212, the left and right sides of the shroud 216 are fixedly connected to the inner side surfaces of the two UELFU 306 square seat bearings 212 through bolts, the root cutting knife 217 is installed in the square knife groove reserved in the cutter disc 214 and fixedly connected through bolts, and the corner box 218 is installed on the hexagonal shaft on the right side of the cutter shaft 211;

[0049] As shown in Figure 6 As shown, the shroud 216 comprises a ditcher 2161, a backing plate 2162, a seed guide tube 2163, and a root cutting knife shroud 2164; the upper end of the shroud 216 is the root cutting knife shroud 2164, and the lower end is the ditcher 2161, bolt connection holes are formed in the left and right sides of the root cutting knife shroud 2164, which are installed in the inner sides of the mounting holes on the UELFU 306 square seat bearing 212, the root cutting knife shroud 2164 at the upper end of the shroud 216 can prevent safety accidents caused by tool breakage during root cutting knife operation, the ditcher 2161 at the lower end of the shroud 216 can realize ditch widening and seeding, the ditcher 2161 has a certain slope relative to the horizontal plane after normal installation, the bottom end of the seed guide tube 2163 is welded with the bottom end of the backing plate 2162, the bottom end of the backing plate 2162 is welded at a distance of 15 mm from the lowermost end of the ditcher 2161, the ditcher 2161 can widen the seed ditch cut by the root cutting knife 217 to 8 mm, and the seed guide tube 2163 can guide the seeds into the widened seed ditch of the ditcher 2161;

[0050] As shown in Figure 7As shown, the V-shaped press wheel 26 includes a press wheel frame 261, an angle adjustment handle 262, a spring 263, a solid rubber wheel 264, a mud scraper 265, and a press wheel support frame 266. The two press wheel support frames 266 are fixedly connected at the rear of the press wheel mounting frame 27 by bolts, one end of the spring 263 is hung on the hole at the lower end of the angle adjustment handle 262, the other end of the spring 263 is hung on the pin shaft 271 at the lower side of the press wheel support frame 266, the press wheel mounting frame 27 is fixedly installed at the rear of the two "herringbone" support side plates 22 by four bolts, the size of the pressing force of the press wheel can be adjusted by adjusting the position of the angle adjustment handle 262 on the press wheel frame 261, and the mud scraper 265 can scrape off the mud adhered to the solid rubber wheel 264 during operation;

[0051] As shown in Figure 8 The seed metering system 3 includes a box 31, a seed box cover 32, a motor 33, a hexagonal transmission shaft 34, an external groove wheel seed metering device 35, a GPS module 36, and a single-chip microcomputer 37. The box 31 is integrally welded by a seed groove and two side plates. The seed box cover 32 and the box 31 are hingedly connected. The two motors are respectively installed on the two side plates of the box 31 by four bolts. The hexagonal transmission shaft 34 passes through the transmission hole of the motor 33 and the driving hole of the external groove wheel seed metering device 35. The GPS module 36 is fixedly connected at the rear of the box 31. The single-chip microcomputer 37 is fixedly connected below the GPS module 36. The motor 33 can drive the external groove wheel seed metering device 35 to perform seed metering operation through the hexagonal transmission shaft 34. The GPS module 36 can receive GPS signals and obtain the forward speed of the machine tool in real time. After the single-chip microcomputer 37 receives the speed information from the GPS module 36 through the serial port, the theoretical speed of the seed metering device is calculated according to the real-time speed and the preset seed metering parameters, and is fed back to the motor 33, so as to realize the seed metering operation synchronized with the forward speed of the machine tool.

[0052] As shown in Figure 9As shown, the hydraulic system 5 includes a speed-increasing box 51, a hydraulic pump 52, a speed-increasing box support rod 53, an intelligent flow regulating valve 54, a regulating valve support 55, a hydraulic oil tank 56, an oil tank support 57, a hydraulic motor 58, and a motor support 59; the power transmission hexagonal shaft 4 includes a UELFU206 with a rhombic bearing seat 41 and a bearing seat support 42, the speed-increasing box 51 is fixedly connected on the rear output shaft of the tractor in the working state and is hung on the speed-increasing box support rod 53 in the non-working state, the speed-increasing box support rod 53 is welded on the front end of the frame 1, the hydraulic pump 52 is fixedly connected with the speed-increasing box 51 to form an integral body through bolts, the hydraulic oil tank 56 is fixedly connected above the oil tank support 57 through bolts, the oil tank support 57 is fixedly connected on the front end of the frame 1 through bolts, the intelligent flow regulating valve 54 is fixedly connected on the front end of the regulating valve support 55 through bolts, the regulating valve support 55 is directly welded on the right side of the oil tank support 57, the hydraulic motor 58 is fixedly connected on the motor support 59 through bolts, and the motor support 59 is fixed on the left side square steel of the frame 1 through two bolts of the foot;

[0053] As shown in Figure 10 、 Figure 11 The working process of the present application is as follows:

[0054] S1, before operation, the tractor is hung with the machine tool through the three-point suspension system, the machine tool is lifted by the hydraulic system of the tractor, the speed-increasing box 51 is hung on the power output shaft of the tractor, and the intelligent flow regulating valve 54 is opened to provide the required working speed for the hydraulic pump 52;

[0055] S2, the power supply of the disc root cutting device 28 is connected to the tension and pressure sensor 283, the signal processing module 285 and the data transmitter 286 to make them enter the working state, the GPS module switch is turned on and the single-chip microcomputer 37 is started to make it enter the working state, the power supply of the motor 33 is turned on, and the motor starts to work, the seed is discharged to the seed tube by the outer groove wheel seed metering device 35, and the seed slides into the guide seed tube 2163, when the guide seed tube 2163 discharges the seed, the tractor starts to move forward;

[0056] S3, the tractor pulls the machine tool to move forward, then the tractor hydraulic system is adjusted to slowly lower the machine tool to the contouring wheel 251 close to the ground, the tractor hydraulic system continues to generate downward pressure to ensure that the contouring wheel 251 and the disc root cutting knife 284 fully contact the ground to ensure the operation effect; if the ground is uneven, the contouring device 25 can ensure that the operation depth of each seeding and root cutting composite unit 2 remains consistent;

[0057] S4, when the disc cutting root knife 284 fully contacts the ground, the disc cutting root device 28 detects the real-time soil firmness data and feeds back the calculated optimal working speed to the speed control module of the tractor cab. The tractor adjusts the working speed according to the information output by the speed control module. At the same time, the change of tractor speed will affect the change of rear output shaft speed, driving the output speed of the speed-up box 51. If the forward speed of the tractor slows down, the output speed of the rear output shaft will decrease, and then the output speed of the speed-up box 51 will decrease, the pressure of the entire hydraulic system 5 will decrease, the cutting knife 217 of the cutting and furrowing device 21 will decrease, and vice versa. At this time, the GPS module 36 is also working, detecting the real-time working speed of the machine tool, and transmitting the speed information to the single-chip microcomputer 37 through the serial port. The single-chip microcomputer 37 calculates the theoretical speed of the seed metering device according to the real-time speed and the preset seeding parameters, controls the speed of the seed metering motor 33, and at the same time, according to the requirements of the agricultural technology such as supplemental or mixed seeding, selects different grass seed preset seeding parameters in advance to control and arrange;

[0058] S5, after the seeds fall into the seed furrow along the seed guide pipe 2163, the V-shaped press wheel 26 will cover the seed furrow and complete the low-disturbance seeding / supplemental (mixed) seeding operation. After the operation, each seeding and cutting root composite unit 2 will form three operation furrows, among which the left and right two are low-disturbance cutting furrows formed by the disc cutting root knife 284 with a width of less than 5 mm, and the middle is a low-disturbance furrow for active cutting, seeding / supplemental (mixed) seeding and pressing combined operation. Each machine tool is equipped with four seeding and cutting root composite units (2), which form uniform operation furrows.

Claims

1. A multi-system driven, low-disturbance grassland seeding implement, characterized in that: Includes a seeding and root-cutting composite unit (2) hanging on the middle crossbeam of the frame (1), a seed metering system (3) fixedly connected to the top of the frame (1), a power transmission hexagonal shaft (4) fixedly connected to the bottom of the crossbeams on both sides of the frame (1), and a hydraulic system (5) fixedly connected to the top of the front crossbeam of the frame (1); the seeding and root-cutting composite unit (2) has an independent contouring function, which can complete root cutting, furrowing, sowing, and compaction operations in one go. During the operation, the soil firmness is measured in real time and the optimal operating speed of the computer is fed back to the tractor for execution; The sowing and root cutting composite unit (2) includes a root cutting and trenching device (21). The root cutting and trenching device (21) is fixedly connected by bolts to the square seat bearings (212) at both ends and the "V"-shaped support side plate (22). The speed increaser (24) is rotatably connected to the right side of the support sleeve (29) on the left side. The support sleeve (29) is rotatably connected to the mounting hole at the front end of the "V"-shaped support side plate (22). The speed increaser (24) is fixedly connected to the mounting plate (241) by anchor bolts. The mounting plate (241) is welded to the front end of the "V"-shaped support side plate (22) to position the speed increaser (24). The speed increaser (24) is fixedly connected above the power transmission system (23) and fixedly connected below the root cutting and trenching device. The corner box (218) of the trenching device (21) and the support frame (257) below the contouring device (25) are bolted to the rear of the "V"-shaped support side plate (22). The V-shaped press wheel (26) is bolted to the press wheel mounting frame (27). The press wheel mounting frame (27) is bolted to the rear of the "V"-shaped support side plate (22) by four bolts on the left and right sides. The disc root cutting device (28) is welded to the front of the "V"-shaped support side plate (22). The clamp (221) supports the two "V"-shaped support side plates (22) by bolts on the left and right sides. The root cutting trenching device (21) can achieve active root cutting. The contouring device (25) ensures that the working depth of the machine during operation is 6. cm, through the speed increaser (24) and the power transmission system (23), the power of the hydraulic system (5) can be transmitted to each sowing and root cutting composite unit (2). The disc root cutting device (28) can measure the surface firmness in real time while performing root cutting operations, and output the optimal operating speed range of the implement to the tractor. The disc root cutting device (28) includes a U-shaped welding plate (281). The U-shaped welding plate (281) is welded to the groove at the front of the "human" shaped support side plate (22). The root cutting depth adjustment plate (282) is slidably connected to the U-shaped welding plate (281) by U-bolts. On the left and right sides of 81), the lower end of the tension and compression sensor (283) is fixedly connected to the upper part of the U-shaped welding plate (281) by studs, and the upper end of the tension and compression sensor (283) is installed on the connecting plate (287) below the contouring device (25) by studs. The upper end of the contouring device (25) is hinged to the front contouring suspension ear (15) of the middle crossbeam of the frame (1). The disc root cutter (284) is installed on both sides of the U-shaped welding plate (281). The signal processing module (285) and the data transmitter (286) are fixedly connected to the upper part of the U-shaped welding plate (281).The root cutting depth adjustment plate (282) controls the working depth of the disc root cutting blade (284). The tension and pressure sensor (283) monitors the soil penetration resistance of the disc root cutting blade (284) in real time during operation. The signal processing module (285) decodes the signal output by the sensor into a digital signal and calculates the optimal working speed range of the implement based on the real-time soil firmness and the preset firmness and speed comparison parameters, and outputs the result. The data transmitter (286) sends the optimal working speed to the speed control module in the tractor cab, thereby changing the tractor's working speed in real time.

2. The multi-system driven low-disturbance grassland seeding implement according to claim 1, characterized in that: The root cutting and trenching device (21) includes a cutter shaft (211), with a square seat bearing (212) installed at each of the left and right ends of the cutter shaft (211). The inner ring of the cutter disc (214) is welded to the outer ring of the cutter holder (213). The cutter holder (213) is connected to the cutter shaft (211) by a flat key. The left side of the cutter holder (213) is close to the square seat bearing (212). The contour wheel (215) is installed in the middle of the cutter shaft (211) by two deep groove ball bearings (2151). The left side of the contour wheel (215) is close to the cutter holder (213), and the right side of the contour wheel (215) is close to the square seat bearing (212) on the right side of the cutter shaft (211). The root cutting blade (217) actively cuts a narrow slit 6 mm wide and 60 mm deep in the grass. The protective cover (216) not only prevents the root cutting blade (217) from having a safety accident during operation, but also enables the widening of the trench for sowing.

3. The multi-system driven low-disturbance grassland seeding implement according to claim 2, characterized in that: The protective cover (216) includes a furrow opener (2161), a pad (2162), a seed guide tube (2163), and a root cutting knife cover (2164). The upper half of the protective cover (216) is the root cutting knife cover (2164), and the lower half is the furrow opener (2161). The root cutting knife cover (2164) has bolt connection holes on both sides and is installed on the inner side of two square bearing seats (212). After installation, the furrow opener (2161) has a certain angle relative to the horizontal plane. The bottom end of the seed guide tube (2163) is welded to the bottom end of the pad (2162). The bottom end of the pad (2162) is welded 15 mm away from the lowest point of the furrow opener (2161). The furrow opener (2161) can widen the seed furrow cut by the root cutting knife (217) to 8 mm. mm, the seed guide tube (2163) can guide the seeds into the seed furrow widened by the furrow opener (2161), and finally cover the seeds with soil and compact them appropriately by the V-shaped roller (26).

4. The multi-system driven low-disturbance grassland seeding implement according to claim 3, characterized in that: The seed metering system (3) includes a motor (33), which drives the outer grooved wheel seed meterer (35) to perform seed metering operations through a hexagonal transmission shaft (34). The GPS module (36) receives GPS signals and obtains the forward speed of the machine in real time. The microcontroller (37) receives the speed information from the GPS module (36) through the serial port and calculates the theoretical rotation speed of the seed meterer based on the real-time speed and preset seeding parameters, and feeds it back to the motor (33) to realize seed metering operations synchronized with the forward speed of the machine.

5. The multi-system driven low-disturbance grassland seeding implement according to claim 4, characterized in that: The hydraulic system (5) includes a second speed increaser (51), which is fixedly connected to the rear drive shaft of the tractor by a spline in the working state and is attached to the speed increaser support rod (53) in the non-working state. The speed increaser support rod (53) is welded to the front end of the frame (1). The hydraulic pump (52) is fixedly connected to the second speed increaser (51) by bolts to form a whole. The hydraulic oil tank (56) is fixedly connected to the oil tank support (57) by bolts. The oil tank support (57) is fixedly connected to the front end of the frame (1) by bolts. The intelligent flow regulating valve (54) is fixedly connected to the front end of the regulating valve support (55) by bolts. The regulating valve support (55) is directly welded to the right side of the oil tank support (57). The hydraulic motor (58) is fixedly connected to the motor support (59) by bolts. The motor support (59) is fixed to the left side square steel of the frame (1) by two anchor bolts.

6. A sowing method based on the multi-system driven low-disturbance grassland sowing implement as described in claim 5, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Before operation, the tractor attaches the implement through the three-point suspension system and lifts the implement using the tractor's hydraulic system. Speed ​​increaser 2 (51) is attached to the tractor's power output shaft, and the intelligent flow regulating valve (54) is opened to provide the required working speed to the hydraulic pump (52). S2, connect the power supply of the circular root cutting device (28) to power the tension and compression sensor (283), signal processing module (285) and data transmitter (286) to enable it to enter the working state, turn on the GPS module switch and start the microcontroller (37) to enable it to enter the working state, connect the power supply of the motor (33), when the motor is working and seeds are discharged from the seed guide tube (2163), the tractor starts to move forward; S3, the tractor pulls the implement forward, and then the tractor hydraulic system is adjusted to slowly lower the implement until the contour wheel (215) is close to the ground surface. The tractor hydraulic system continues to generate downward pressure to ensure that the contour wheel (215) and the disc root cutting blade (284) are in full contact with the ground to ensure the working effect. If the ground surface is uneven, the contour device (25) can ensure that the working depth of each sowing and root cutting composite unit (2) remains consistent. S4, when the disc root cutter (284) is in full contact with the ground, the disc root cutter (28) will detect the real-time soil firmness data and feed back the calculated optimal operating speed to the speed control module in the tractor cab. The tractor will adjust the operating speed according to the information output by the speed control module. At the same time, the change in tractor speed will affect the change in the speed of the rear output shaft, which will drive the output speed of the speed increaser (51). When the forward speed of the tractor slows down, the output speed of the rear output shaft will decrease, and then the output speed of the speed increaser (51) will decrease. The pressure of the entire hydraulic system (5) will decrease, and the speed of the root cutter (217) of the root cutting and trenching device (21) will decrease. Conversely, the speed will increase. At this time, the GPS module (36) is also working, detecting the real-time operating speed of the implement, and transmitting the speed information to the microcontroller (37) through the serial port. The microcontroller (37) calculates the theoretical speed of the seed metering device according to the real-time speed and the preset sowing parameters, controls the speed of the motor (33), and at the same time, in combination with the agronomic requirements of supplementary sowing or mixed sowing, selects the preset sowing parameters of different grass species in advance for adjustment and arrangement. S5, after the grass seeds fall into the seed furrow, the V-shaped roller (26) will cover the seed furrow with soil and compact it to complete the low-disturbance sowing operation.

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