A method of vine shoot pro-aging
By controlling water usage and applying potassium dihydrogen phosphate and ethephon solution in stages, the problem of incomplete aging of grape branches was solved, thus improving the yield and quality of grapes.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- RES INST OF TROPICAL ECO AGRI SCI YUNAN ACAD OF AGRI SCI
- Filing Date
- 2024-05-31
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-23
AI Technical Summary
In grape cultivation in the dry-hot valleys of Yunnan, existing techniques often result in incomplete aging of grapevines and insufficient nutrient accumulation, leading to severe flower bud degeneration and impacting yield.
By controlling water usage during grape cultivation and spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate and ethephon solutions with gradually increasing concentrations, combined with foliar treatments during key phenological periods, grape vine aging can be promoted and nutrient accumulation enhanced.
It effectively promotes the aging of grape branches, increases the bud sprouting rate and fruiting branch rate, increases the average number of fruit clusters per fruiting branch, and enhances yield.
Smart Images
Figure BDA0004869178840000061 
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Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of grape cultivation, and particularly relates to a grape branch aging method. BACKGROUND
[0002] The dry-hot valley in Yunnan is located in the middle, west and south of the highland area of Yunnan, mainly distributed in the Jinsha River, Nujiang River, Red River, Nanpan River and their tributaries, with a total area of 24,000 square kilometers. These areas have different ecological environments from their surroundings. The average annual temperature is generally 20-24℃, the daily average is above 10℃ all year round, the annual accumulated temperature above 10℃ is above 5955.3℃, the annual sunshine hours are above 2122.8h, the evaporation amount is 6.1 times the precipitation, and the climate characteristics are sufficient light and heat resources, lack of water, distinct dry and wet seasons, high annual temperature, strong solar radiation, etc., which are suitable for high-quality early-maturing table grape cultivation. The grapes planted in this area are early-maturing and high-quality, and are very popular among consumers, with very significant and outstanding benefits. However, under this environmental condition, grape leaves do not turn yellow and naturally fall off, and the grape tree body does not have obvious dormancy phenomenon. Under natural conditions, the grape appears an unlimited growth state, mainly manifested as the base of the branch becoming woody, and the lateral branches continuously growing and developing. It presents a series of growth stages from flowering to over-ripening in reproductive development, which is not conducive to commercial production, and the existence of different phenophases is not conducive to the prevention and control of diseases and pests.
[0003] At present, grape cultivation in the dry-hot valley region of Yunnan mainly adopts early promotion cultivation and delayed cultivation technology. Early promotion cultivation is to make full use of the unique light and heat resources in winter in the dry-hot valley region, pruning the grape in the middle and late October to the middle of November, and then coating or spraying dormancy breaking agent to artificially break the grape dormancy, promote early germination, and realize early maturity of the grape. Through this technology, the grape in the dry-hot valley region is put on the market between the end of March and the early June, the price is the highest in the whole year, and good economic and social benefits are achieved. It has a good driving effect on the increase of farmers' income and the increase of agricultural efficiency. Delayed cultivation is aimed at the flower period of grape in the process of early promotion cultivation in the dry-hot valley region of Yunnan, which is from December to the next January, and the soil temperature is low, the root nutrient absorption is difficult, and the air temperature is usually lower than 15℃, which is not conducive to the growth of grape in the flowering period, so that the grape is prone to low temperature frost damage, resulting in poor fertilization, serious flower and fruit drop, and even yield reduction or no yield. From the end of April, the dry-hot valley region enters the high temperature stage, and the temperature is above 37℃, which is not conducive to photosynthesis and plant nutrient accumulation, and is prone to high temperature obstacles, poor fruit coloring, low commodity rate and other problems. Through two pruning and germination in the middle of March and the middle of August every year, the flower period of the grape in the early promotion cultivation in the region is adjusted from December to the next January to the middle of September, and the maturation period is adjusted from the end of March to June to December of the next year to February of the next year. Combined with the facilities of avoiding rain in the early stage and keeping warm in the late stage, the low temperature in the flowering period and the high temperature in the maturation period in the early promotion cultivation are effectively avoided, and the grape is put on the market in the second highest price of the whole year, namely the Spring Festival.
[0004] In the grape production in the dry-hot valley of Yunnan, early promotion cultivation or delayed cultivation is mostly adopted. After the grape enters the high yield stage, two pruning are needed to ensure the differentiation of flower buds, so as to realize continuous high yield. According to different target maturation time, the first pruning is usually for vegetative growth, and the second pruning is for reproductive growth. However, due to the two pruning in a year, the time of vegetative growth stage is short, which is extremely unfavorable for the aging of branches of medium and late maturing grape varieties. In the case of incomplete aging of branches and insufficient nutrient accumulation, flower bud degeneration is prone to occur, resulting in serious yield reduction. SUMMARY
[0005] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides a grape branch aging method, which effectively promotes the aging of grape branches, improves the nutrient accumulation of early promotion cultivation and delayed cultivation of grapes, reduces flower bud degeneration, and improves the bud eye germination rate and fruiting branch rate.
[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the present application is realized by the following technical scheme:
[0007] A method for promoting the aging of grape vines, wherein the aging promotion is applied to grapes grown for early or delayed cultivation, and the method includes the following steps:
[0008] S1. After the initial grape harvest, perform preliminary pruning, and then pinch off the top of the branches when they grow to 1.2m-1.5m.
[0009] S2. Begin controlling watering in the grape growing area to maintain soil moisture at 45-55%;
[0010] S3. Spray the leaves of grapes with potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution every 6-8 days, and gradually increase the concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution.
[0011] S4. Spray ethephon on the grape leaves 18-22 days before the second pruning;
[0012] S5. 8-12 days before the second pruning, spray the grape leaves with ethephon again and then perform regular pruning.
[0013] S6. Perform a second topping treatment 40-50 days after the grape buds sprout.
[0014] Preferably, step S2 is performed during the vegetative growth stage of grape cultivation, whether it is early or late cultivation.
[0015] Preferably, in step S2, the leaves need to be observed regularly to ensure that the leaves do not wilt.
[0016] Preferably, in step S3, potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed 6 times, and the last spraying of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is 25-30 days before the second pruning.
[0017] Preferably, the concentrations of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution sprayed six times in step S3 are, respectively, potassium dihydrogen phosphate diluted 500 times, 400 times, 300 times, 200 times, 100 times, and 50 times.
[0018] Preferably, the ethephon sprayed in step S4 is 40% ethephon diluted 1000 times.
[0019] Preferably, the ethephon sprayed in step S5 is 40% ethephon diluted 800 times.
[0020] This invention provides a method for promoting the aging of grape branches, which has the following advantages compared with the prior art:
[0021] This invention promotes grape vine aging and nutrient return from leaves through the comprehensive application of water control, foliar fertilizer application, and plant growth condition regulators during key phenological periods. Regarding vine aging, after the grapes reach the required height, water control and tiered application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer are used to promote vine aging. Approximately 20 days and 10 days before the second pruning, 40% ethephon (1000x dilution) and 40% ethephon (800x dilution) are sprayed respectively to further promote leaf aging and nutrient return. This comprehensively improves the budding rate and fruiting branch rate of subsequent grapes, and further increases the average number of fruit clusters per branch, thus comprehensively ensuring the yield of early-planted and late-planted grapes in the dry-hot valleys of Yunnan. Detailed Implementation
[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0023] Example:
[0024] I. Determination of the test site:
[0025] The experimental site was selected in a typical dry and hot valley climate orchard in Yunnan Province at an altitude of 1330m. The orchard soil was sandy loam with a pH of 7.45, an organic matter content of 0.72g / kg, an available nitrogen content of 61.18mg / kg, an available phosphorus content of 45.93mg / kg, an available potassium content of 271.33mg / kg, an Fe content of 5.27mg / kg, a Mn content of 12.17mg / kg, a Cu content of 2.57mg / kg, and a Zn content of 0.29mg / kg.
[0026] Experimental grapevines: 3-year-old Red Globe grapevines, with a spacing of 1m × 2.3m. The grapevines were set up in a single-trunk, single-arm "Y" shape, and water and fertilizer management was carried out. Simple rain-sheltered cultivation was set up.
[0027] II. Setup of the experimental group:
[0028] Two cultivation management modes were set up for Red Globe grapevines: early planting and delayed planting.
[0029] 1. For early cultivation:
[0030] Six experimental groups were set up, designated as experimental groups 1-6. Each group selected 30 Red Globe grapevines for the following experimental management:
[0031] 1.1 Unified management of experimental groups 1-6:
[0032] On June 2, 2022, the first pruning was completed by coppicing at a height of 35-40cm above the ground. After the first pruning, the new shoots were topped when they reached a height of 1.25±0.05m. Simultaneously, water control was implemented for the grapevines, maintaining soil moisture at 50%±2%. Leaves were observed every 3-5 days, and wilting was prevented. The second winter pruning was scheduled for November 17, 2022. On November 28, 2022, a 50% cyanamide solution diluted 25 times with water was applied to the buds. Two days after bud application, the entire vineyard was irrigated to promote bud break (thorough watering without waterlogging). A high-nitrogen, fast-acting water-soluble fertilizer (40kg / 667m²) was then applied. 2 On December 20, 2022, the bud germination rate was counted, and the top was pinched off again 45 days after germination. The subsequent planting and management methods can be uniformly managed by referring to the "Yunnan High-Quality Fresh Grape Early Ripening Cultivation Technology".
[0033] 1.2 Pre-winter pruning treatment to promote aging of branches in experimental groups 1-6:
[0034] (1) Experimental group 1:
[0035] The first application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (diluted 500 times) was carried out on September 15, 2022.
[0036] On September 22, 2022, a second application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (diluted 400 times) was carried out.
[0037] On September 29, 2022, a third application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (diluted 300 times) was carried out.
[0038] On October 6, 2022, the fourth application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (diluted 200 times) was carried out.
[0039] On October 13, 2022, the fifth application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (diluted 100 times) was carried out.
[0040] On October 20, 2022, the sixth application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (diluted 50 times) was carried out.
[0041] On October 28, 2022, spray with 40% ethephon (diluted 1000 times);
[0042] On November 7, 2022, spray with 40% ethephon (diluted 800 times).
[0043] (2) Experimental group 2:
[0044] The first application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (diluted 500 times) was carried out on September 15, 2022.
[0045] On September 22, 2022, a second application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (diluted 500 times) was carried out.
[0046] On September 29, 2022, a third application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (diluted 500 times) was carried out.
[0047] On October 6, 2022, the fourth application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (diluted 500 times) was carried out.
[0048] On October 13, 2022, the fifth application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (diluted 500 times) was carried out.
[0049] On October 20, 2022, the sixth application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (diluted 500 times) was carried out.
[0050] On October 28, 2022, spray with 40% ethephon (diluted 1000 times);
[0051] On November 7, 2022, spray with 40% ethephon (diluted 800 times).
[0052] (3) Experimental group 3:
[0053] The first application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (diluted 50 times) was carried out on September 15, 2022.
[0054] On September 22, 2022, a second application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (diluted 50 times) was carried out.
[0055] On September 29, 2022, a third application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (diluted 50 times) was carried out.
[0056] On October 6, 2022, the fourth application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (diluted 50 times) was carried out.
[0057] On October 13, 2022, the fifth application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (diluted 50 times) was carried out.
[0058] On October 20, 2022, the sixth application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (diluted 50 times) was carried out.
[0059] On October 28, 2022, spray with 40% ethephon (diluted 1000 times);
[0060] On November 7, 2022, spray with 40% ethephon (diluted 800 times).
[0061] (4) Experimental group 4:
[0062] On November 7, 2022, the leaves and secondary shoots were pruned.
[0063] (5) Experimental group 5:
[0064] On November 2, 2022, spray with a solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (diluted 50 times) + urea solution (diluted 50 times);
[0065] On November 7, 2022, spray with a solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (diluted 30 times) + urea solution (diluted 30 times);
[0066] On November 12, 2022, a lime sulfur mixture with a Baume degree of 3.8 was sprayed.
[0067] (6) Experimental group 6: No treatment.
[0068] The bud germination rate, fruiting branch rate, and average number of fruit clusters per fruiting branch of the early-growing Red Globe crops treated in experimental groups 1-6 were measured. The specific results are shown in Table 1 below:
[0069] Table 1
[0070]
[0071] As shown in Table 1 above, the branch aging promotion method of Experiment Group 1 can effectively improve the bud sprouting rate, fruiting branch rate and average number of fruit clusters per branch of grapes cultivated for early planting. In Experiment Group 3, the repeated application of high-concentration potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution will cause leaf burn, thereby reducing the bud sprouting rate, fruiting branch rate and average number of fruit clusters per branch of grapes.
[0072] 2. Regarding delayed cultivation:
[0073] Six experimental groups were set up, designated as experimental groups 7-12. Each group consisted of 30 Red Globe grapevines for the following experimental management:
[0074] 2.1 Unified management of experimental groups 7-12:
[0075] On March 19, 2022, the first pruning was completed by coppicing at a height of 35-40cm above the ground. After the pruning, the new shoots were topped when they grew to 1.25±0.05m. At the same time, water control was implemented for the grapevines, maintaining soil moisture at 50%±2%. The leaves were observed every 3-5 days, and the second pruning was scheduled for August 10, 2022, as long as the leaves did not wilt. On August 11, 2022, 50% cyanamide diluted 25 times with water was used for bud inoculation. Two days after bud inoculation, the entire vineyard was irrigated to promote bud break (thorough watering without waterlogging). This was followed by a supplement of high-nitrogen, fast-acting water-soluble fertilizer (40kg / 667m²). 2 Subsequent planting and management methods should refer to conventional delayed cultivation methods.
[0076] 2.2 Treatment to promote aging of branches before the second pruning in experimental group 7-12:
[0077] (1) Experimental group 7:
[0078] The first application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (diluted 500 times) was carried out on June 13, 2022.
[0079] On June 20, 2022, a second application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (diluted 400 times) was carried out.
[0080] On June 27, 2022, a third application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (diluted 300 times) was carried out.
[0081] On July 4, 2022, the fourth application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (diluted 200 times) was carried out.
[0082] On July 11, 2022, the fifth application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (diluted 100 times) was carried out.
[0083] On July 18, 2022, the sixth application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (diluted 50 times) was carried out.
[0084] On July 21, 2022, spray with 40% ethephon (diluted 1000 times);
[0085] On July 31, 2022, spray with 40% ethephon (diluted 800 times).
[0086] (2) Experimental group 8:
[0087] The first application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (diluted 500 times) was carried out on June 13, 2022.
[0088] On June 20, 2022, a second application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (diluted 500 times) was carried out.
[0089] On June 27, 2022, a third application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (diluted 500 times) was carried out.
[0090] On July 4, 2022, the fourth application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (diluted 500 times) was carried out.
[0091] On July 11, 2022, the fifth application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (diluted 500 times) was carried out.
[0092] On July 18, 2022, the sixth application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (diluted 500 times) was carried out.
[0093] On July 21, 2022, spray with 40% ethephon (diluted 1000 times);
[0094] On July 31, 2022, spray with 40% ethephon (diluted 800 times).
[0095] (3) Experimental group 9:
[0096] The first application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (diluted 50 times) was carried out on June 13, 2022.
[0097] On June 20, 2022, a second application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (diluted 50 times) was carried out.
[0098] On June 27, 2022, a third application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (diluted 50 times) was carried out.
[0099] On July 4, 2022, the fourth application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (diluted 50 times) was carried out.
[0100] On July 11, 2022, the fifth application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (diluted 50 times) was carried out.
[0101] On July 18, 2022, the sixth application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (diluted 50 times) was carried out.
[0102] On July 21, 2022, spray with 40% ethephon (diluted 1000 times);
[0103] On July 31, 2022, spray with 40% ethephon (diluted 800 times).
[0104] (4) Experimental group 10:
[0105] On August 10, 2022, the leaves and secondary shoots were pruned.
[0106] (5) Experimental group 11:
[0107] On July 21, 2022, a solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (diluted 50 times) + urea solution (diluted 50 times) was sprayed.
[0108] On July 26, 2022, a solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (diluted 30 times) + urea solution (diluted 30 times) was sprayed.
[0109] On August 5, 2022, a lime sulfur mixture with a Baume degree of 3.8 was sprayed.
[0110] (6) Experimental group 12: No treatment.
[0111] The bud germination rate, fruiting branch rate, and average number of fruit clusters per fruiting branch of the early-growing Red Globe crops treated with experimental groups 7-12 were measured. The specific results are shown in Table 2 below:
[0112] Table 2
[0113]
[0114] The above tests show that the treatment method in experimental group 7 can effectively promote the bud germination rate and fruiting branch rate of grapes in delayed cultivation. In experimental group 9, the repeated application of high-concentration potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution will cause leaf burn, thereby reducing the bud germination rate, fruiting branch rate and the average number of fruit clusters per fruiting branch.
[0115] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for promoting aging of grape vines, characterized in that, The grape vine aging promotion method is a treatment for grapes grown for early or late cultivation, and includes the following steps: S1. After the initial grape harvest, perform preliminary pruning. When the branches reach 1.2m-1.5m in length, pinch off the top. S2. Begin controlling watering in the grape growing area to maintain soil moisture at 45-55%; S3. Spray the grape leaves with potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution every 6-8 days, gradually increasing the concentration of the solution. Perform a total of 6 sprays, with the last spray occurring 25-30 days before the second pruning. The concentrations of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for the 6 sprays should be 500, 400, 300, 200, 100, and 50 times diluted respectively. S4. Spray ethephon on the grape leaves 18-22 days before the second pruning; S5. 8-12 days before the second pruning, spray the grape leaves with ethephon again and then perform regular pruning. S6. Perform a second topping treatment 40-50 days after the grape buds sprout.
2. The method for promoting aging of grape vines according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S2 is performed during the vegetative growth stage of grape cultivation, whether it is early or late cultivation.
3. The method for promoting aging of grape vines according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the leaves need to be observed regularly, and the leaves should not wilt.
4. The method for promoting aging of grape vines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ethephon sprayed in step S4 is 40% ethephon diluted 1000 times.
5. The method for promoting aging of grape vines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ethephon sprayed in step S5 is 40% ethephon diluted 800 times.