Seedling raising and seeding machine capable of automatically supplying soil and control method thereof

Abstract

The application provides a seedling raising and seeding machine capable of realizing automatic soil supply and a control method thereof, which comprises a soil laying hopper located above a seedling raising assembly line, a soil adding device for adding soil into the soil laying hopper, a soil screening component located between the soil laying hopper and a seedling tray, and a control system. The weighing sensor and the position sensor are respectively used for collecting the soil weight value in the soil laying hopper and the position information of the seedling tray in real time, and sending the converted electric signal values to the controller. The controller is used for controlling the work of the soil adding device according to the electric signal value sent by the weighing sensor, and controlling the work of the soil laying hopper and the soil screening component according to the electric signal value sent by the position sensor. The application not only avoids manual observation errors and improves the monitoring efficiency, but also improves the automation and intelligent level of the device, which is of great significance for improving the whole tray air suction type precision seeding machine and even the automation level of agricultural production in China.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery technology, specifically to a seedling raising and sowing machine capable of automatic soil supply and its control method. Background Technology

[0002] Rice, as a vital food crop in my country, occupies a core position in the national grain reserve system. However, in the development of modern agriculture in my country, although agricultural mechanization has made significant progress, the level of automation in agricultural machinery still has shortcomings, especially in terms of operational precision and degree of automation. For example, traditional sowing operations often rely heavily on manual labor, which is labor-intensive and inefficient.

[0003] To address this situation, the whole-tray air-suction precision seeder was developed. This equipment integrates an advanced assembly line operation system, capable of completing a series of seedling raising processes in one stop, from soil spreading, soil compaction, precise sowing, soil covering, water spraying, to tray stacking. In operation, once the seeder assembly line starts, the seedling trays are transported systematically to various functional areas. When the trays reach the soil spreading mechanism, precise positioning distributes the soil evenly within the trays. Then, the soil compaction stage ensures the soil is firm to facilitate seed germination. Next, the trays arrive at the sowing area, where the assembly line intelligently pauses for a few seconds to ensure accurate seed placement. After sowing, the trays are moved to the soil covering mechanism for meticulous soil covering to protect the sown seeds. Then, a water spraying device replenishes the moisture appropriately before the trays finally enter the tray stacking and storage area.

[0004] However, it is worth noting that although such seeders achieve a high degree of integration across multiple processes, there is still room for improvement in the automated soil supply stage. Currently, the soil spreading and covering mechanism (hereinafter referred to as the soil spreading mechanism for ease of description) cannot automatically add soil, and frequent manual shoveling of soil into the soil spreading hopper of the production line is still required. This process is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and difficult to maintain a continuous and efficient operating rhythm. Furthermore, relying on manual monitoring of the soil level in the hopper is not only inefficient, but also prone to errors in judgment or delays in adding soil due to human factors. This can lead to uneven soil distribution in the seedling trays, affecting the uniformity of seedling growth and overall yield.

[0005] Therefore, developing and improving intelligent devices that can automatically replenish soil is of great significance for enhancing the automation level of whole-disc air-suction precision seeders and even agricultural production in my country. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the problem that seeders lack automatic soil supply functionality, this invention provides a seedling seeder and its control method that enables automatic soil supply. It utilizes a weighing sensor to monitor the remaining soil in the soil-laying hopper in real time, and a controller drives a soil-adding device to add soil to the hopper, thereby achieving automatic soil supply and improving the automation level of the seeder.

[0007] The present invention achieves the above-mentioned technical objectives through the following technical means.

[0008] A seedling planter capable of automatic soil supply is characterized by comprising a soil-laying hopper located above the seedling production line, a soil-adding device for adding soil to the soil-laying hopper, a soil-screening component located between the soil-laying hopper and the seedling tray, and a control system; the seedling production line is used to carry and transport the seedling trays.

[0009] The soil hopper has an inlet and an outlet at its upper and lower ends, respectively. The soil hopper is equipped with an inclined bottom plate for loading soil, and a valve is located in the middle of the inclined bottom plate.

[0010] The soil adding device includes a screw conveyor and a soil hopper; the inlet of the screw conveyor is connected to the discharge port of the soil hopper, and the outlet of the screw conveyor is located above the inlet of the soil hopper.

[0011] The soil screening component includes a vibrating screening disc, a grid plate, an electric push rod, and a drive device. The vibrating screening disc is a box-shaped structure with an open top. Several through holes, arranged in a crisscross pattern, correspond one-to-one with the positions of the seedling holes in the seedling tray. The grid plate is tightly attached to the bottom of the vibrating screening disc and installed in a groove on the bottom surface of the disc. Both ends of the electric push rod are fixedly connected to the vibrating screening disc and the grid plate, respectively. When the electric push rod switches between its extension and retraction states, it allows the grid bars and gaps on the grid plate to engage with the vibrating screening disc. The through holes overlap; the driving device includes a drive motor, a mounting base, a transmission shaft, an eccentric wheel, a connecting rod, and several rockers; the mounting base is fixed on the seedling raising production line; the transmission shaft is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the drive motor and mounted on the mounting base through bearings, the free end of the transmission shaft is fixedly connected to the center of the eccentric wheel, one end of the connecting rod is eccentrically connected to the eccentric wheel, and the other end is hinged to the shaking soil sieve disc; the shaking soil sieve disc is mounted above the seedling raising production line through several rockers, and the rockers are hinged to the seedling raising production line and the shaking soil sieve disc;

[0012] The control system includes a controller, a weighing sensor mounted on an inclined base plate, and a position sensor mounted on the seedling tray. The weighing sensor, position sensor, drive motor, valve control switch, electric push rod, and power unit of the screw conveyor are all connected to the controller. The weighing sensor is used to collect the weight value of the soil in the soil spreading hopper in real time, and the position sensor is used to detect the position of the seedling tray. The controller controls the operation of the screw conveyor based on the weight value detected by the weighing sensor, and controls the operation of the valve control switch, drive motor, and electric push rod based on the position information of the seedling tray detected by the position sensor.

[0013] Furthermore, the screw conveyor includes a housing, an upper end cover, a lower end cover, a screw conveying shaft, and a geared motor; the upper end cover and the lower end cover are respectively connected to the upper and lower end flanges of the housing; the screw conveying shaft is located inside the housing and is rotatably connected to the upper end cover and the lower end cover through bearings; the screw conveying shaft is provided with screw blades; a driven gear is provided on the end of the screw conveying shaft near the geared motor; a driving gear is provided on the output shaft of the geared motor; and the driving gear is connected to the driven gear through a transmission chain.

[0014] Furthermore, the number of weighing sensors is not less than two and they are symmetrically installed on the inclined base plate.

[0015] Furthermore, the direction of the pushing and pulling force of the electric push rod is parallel to the direction of movement of the grid plate in the chute and the direction of movement of the seedling tray on the seedling production line.

[0016] Furthermore, the diameter of the through holes on the shaking soil sieve is smaller than the diameter of the seedling holes in the seedling tray.

[0017] Furthermore, the bottom of the frame is fixed with several casters equipped with brakes.

[0018] Furthermore, both the soil-laying hopper and the drive motor are mounted on a support frame; both the screw conveyor and the soil-loading hopper are fixedly supported by the frame.

[0019] The control method for the seedling planter described in any of the above-mentioned embodiments is characterized by including a control method for the soil adding device and the soil screening component, wherein the control method for the soil adding device includes the following steps:

[0020] S1: Before starting work, test the electrical signal value G0 corresponding to the weighing sensor when the soil hopper is full of soil, and the electrical signal value G1 corresponding to the soil in the soil hopper being reduced to the threshold.

[0021] S2: Start working. The weighing sensor collects the weight value of the soil in the slurry hopper in real time, converts the obtained weight value signal into an electrical signal value G, and then outputs the electrical signal value G to the controller.

[0022] S3: The controller compares the received electrical signal value G with the set electrical signal value G1. When G≤G1, the controller sends a control signal to start the screw conveyor and uses the drive screw conveyor to transport the soil in the soil loading hopper to the soil spreading hopper. During the automatic soil supply stage, the controller compares the received electrical signal value G with the set electrical signal value G0. When the electrical signal value G≥G0, the reduction motor is turned off, and then step S2 is repeated.

[0023] The control method for the soil screening component includes the following steps:

[0024] M1: Before starting work, the controller drives the electric push rod to push the grid plate to a position that can seal all the through holes on the shaking screen plate;

[0025] M2: After starting work, the controller opens the valve control switch to allow the soil to fall onto the shaking soil sieve plate. Then, the valve control switch is closed and the drive motor is started. The shaking of the soil sieve plate makes the soil evenly distributed in several through holes. At the same time, the position sensor collects the position information of the seedling tray in real time and sends it to the controller.

[0026] M3: When the seedling tray moves to the corresponding position below the shaking soil screen, the controller pauses the operation of the seedling production line. Then, the electric push rod is driven to push the grid plate to the position that exposes all the through holes on the shaking soil screen. After all the soil in the through holes is put into the corresponding seedling holes in the seedling tray, the electric push rod is used to reset the grid plate, restart the seedling production line and repeat step M2.

[0027] Furthermore, the time required from turning on the electromagnetic switch to the soil being evenly dispersed in several through holes does not exceed the time required from the end of the previous soil addition operation to the next seedling tray moving to the corresponding position below the shaking soil sieve tray; the number of rotations of the output shaft of the drive motor controlled by the controller is an integer.

[0028] Furthermore, when there are at least two weighing sensors, a Kalman filter fusion algorithm is required to fuse the multiple weight value signals to obtain a fused signal, and then convert the fused signal into an electrical signal value G and output it to the controller.

[0029] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0030] 1. This invention uses several weighing sensors to collect the weight of the nutrient soil in the soil-filling hopper in real time. The fused signal obtained by combining the values ​​collected from multiple weighing sensors is sent to a controller. The controller uses the magnitude of the electrical signal as the evaluation criterion to identify the soil content in the hopper and performs corresponding command operations. This not only avoids errors from manual observation and improves monitoring efficiency, but also enhances the automation and intelligence level of the device.

[0031] 2. This invention utilizes a shaking soil-sifting tray to evenly spread soil in the seedling holes of the seedling tray, ensuring that each seedling hole contains an appropriate amount of loose nutrient soil. Compared with the traditional moving soil spreading method, the uniform distribution of soil in the seedling holes can make the seedlings grow more uniformly, which is conducive to the later mechanized transplanting operation, improves the transplanting quality and field management level, and further ensures high and stable yields in paddy fields. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the seedling seedling planter capable of automatic soil supply according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the spiral conveyor shaft according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A magnified view of a portion of point A in the middle.

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the soil screening component described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the shaking soil screening disc according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the grid plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 7 for Figure 4 A magnified view of a portion of point A in the middle.

[0039] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the structure when the bars and gaps on the grid plate overlap with the through holes on the shaking soil sieve plate.

[0040] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure when the bars and gaps on the grid plate do not overlap with the through holes on the shaking screen.

[0041] Figure 10 for Figure 4 A magnified view of a section at point B in the middle.

[0042] Figure 11 This is a control flowchart of the soil-adding device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] The attached figures are labeled as follows:

[0044] 1-Seedling production line; 2-Soil hopper; 3-Seedling tray; 4-Inlet; 5-Outlet; 6-Inclined bottom plate; 7-Valve; 8-Frame; 9-Screw conveyor; 91-Shell; 92-Upper end cover; 93-Lower end cover; 94-Screw conveyor shaft; 95-Gear motor; 96-Driven gear; 97-Drive gear; 98-Transmission chain; 10-Soil hopper; 11-Shaking soil screen; 12-Grid plate; 13-Electric push rod; 14-Bracket; 15-Drive motor; 16-Mounting base; 17-Transmission shaft; 18-Eccentric wheel; 19-Connecting rod; 20-Rock arm; 21-Weighing sensor; 22-Position sensor; 23-Universal wheel. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0046] The seedling planter with automatic soil supply described in this embodiment includes a soil-laying hopper 2 located above the seedling production line 1, a soil-adding device for adding soil to the soil-laying hopper 2, a soil-screening component located between the soil-laying hopper 2 and the seedling trays 3, and a control system. The seedling production line 1 is used to carry and transport the seedling trays 3. Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the seedling seedling planter that can automatically supply soil, as described in this embodiment.

[0047] The soil hopper 2 has an inlet 4 and an outlet 5 at its upper and lower ends, respectively. The soil hopper 2 is equipped with an inclined bottom plate 6 for loading soil, and a valve 7 is provided in the middle of the inclined bottom plate 6.

[0048] The soil-adding device includes a screw conveyor 9 and a soil hopper 10. The screw conveyor 9 includes a housing 91, an upper end cover 92, a lower end cover 93, a screw conveying shaft 94, and a reduction motor 95. The upper end cover 92 and the lower end cover 93 are respectively connected to the upper and lower end flanges of the housing 91. The screw conveying shaft 94 is located inside the housing 91 and is rotatably connected to the upper end cover 92 and the lower end cover 93 via bearings. The screw conveying shaft 94 is equipped with helical blades. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the spiral conveyor shaft described in this embodiment. A driven gear 96 is provided on one end of the spiral conveyor shaft 94 near the reduction motor 95, and a driving gear 97 is provided on the output shaft of the reduction motor 95. The driving gear 97 is connected to the driven gear 96 via a transmission chain 98. Figure 3 for Figure 1A partial enlarged view at point A. The inlet of the screw conveyor 9 is connected to the discharge port of the soil hopper 10, and the outlet of the screw conveyor 9 is located above the feed port 4 of the soil hopper 2. Both the inlet and outlet of the screw conveyor 9 are located on the housing 91. Both the screw conveyor 9 and the soil hopper 10 are fixedly supported by the frame 8. Several casters 23 with brakes are fixed to the bottom of the frame 8.

[0049] The soil screening component includes a shaking screening disc 11, a grid plate 12, an electric push rod 13, and a drive device. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the soil sieving component described in this embodiment. The shaking soil sieving disc 11 is a box-shaped structure with an open top to prevent soil from splashing during shaking. The bottom surface of the shaking soil sieving disc 11 has several through holes arranged in a crisscross pattern, corresponding one-to-one with the positions of the seedling holes in the seedling tray 3. The diameter of the through holes on the shaking soil sieving disc 11 is smaller than the diameter of the seedling holes in the seedling tray 3. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the shaking soil screening disc 11 described in this embodiment. The grid plate 12 is tightly attached to the bottom of the shaking soil screening disc 11 and is installed in the sliding groove on the bottom surface of the shaking soil screening disc 11. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the grid plate 12 described in this embodiment. The two ends of the electric push rod 13 are fixedly connected to the shaking screen plate (11) and the grid plate (12), respectively. Figure 7 As shown, when the electric push rod 13 switches between the extension and retraction states, it enables the grid bars and gaps on the grid plate 12 to overlap with the through holes on the shaking screen plate 11. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the structure when the bars and gaps on the grid plate 12 overlap with the through holes on the shaking soil sieve plate 11. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the structure when the grid bars and gaps on the grid plate 12 do not overlap with the through holes on the shaking soil sieve plate 11. The driving device includes a drive motor 15, a mounting base 16, a transmission shaft 17, an eccentric wheel 18, a connecting rod 19, and several rocker arms 20. The mounting base 16 is fixed on the seedling production line 1; the transmission shaft 17 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the drive motor 15 and mounted on the mounting base 16 through bearings, and the free end of the transmission shaft 17 is fixedly connected to the center of the eccentric wheel 18; one end of the connecting rod 19 is eccentrically connected to the eccentric wheel 18, and the other end is hinged to the shaking soil sieve plate 11; the shaking soil sieve plate 11 is mounted above the seedling production line 1 through several rocker arms 20, and the rocker arms 20 are hinged to the seedling production line 1 and the shaking soil sieve plate 11. The soil hopper 2 and the drive motor 15 are both mounted on the bracket 14. The screw conveyor 9 and the soil hopper 10 are both fixedly supported by the frame 8.

[0050] The control system includes a controller, a weighing sensor 21 mounted on the inclined base plate 6, and a position sensor 22 mounted on the seedling tray 3. The weighing sensor 21, the position sensor 22, the drive motor 15, the valve control switch, the electric push rod, and the power unit of the screw conveyor 9 are all connected to the controller. The weighing sensor 21 is used to collect the weight value of the soil in the soil spreading hopper 2 in real time, and the position sensor 22 is used to detect the position of the seedling tray 3. The controller controls the operation of the screw conveyor 9 based on the weight value detected by the weighing sensor 21, and controls the operation of the valve control switch, the drive motor 15, and the electric push rod 13 based on the position information of the seedling tray detected by the position sensor 22.

[0051] The control method for the above-mentioned seedling planter capable of automatic soil supply includes a control method for the soil adding device and the soil screening component, wherein the control method for the soil adding device includes the following steps:

[0052] S1: Before starting work, test the electrical signal value G0 corresponding to the weighing sensor 21 when the soil hopper 2 is full of soil, and the electrical signal value G1 corresponding to the soil in the soil hopper 2 being reduced to the threshold.

[0053] S2: Start working. The weighing sensor 21 collects the weight value of the soil in the soil hopper 2 in real time, converts the obtained weight value signal into an electrical signal value G, and then outputs the electrical signal value G to the controller.

[0054] S3: The controller compares the received electrical signal value G with the set electrical signal value G1. When G≤G1, the controller sends a control signal to start the geared motor 95, which in turn drives the screw conveyor 9 to transport the soil in the soil loading hopper 10 to the soil spreading hopper 2. During the automatic soil supply stage, the controller compares the received electrical signal value G with the set electrical signal value G0. When the electrical signal value G≥G0, the geared motor 95 is turned off, and then step S2 is repeated. Figure 8 This is a control flowchart of the execution component described in this embodiment. Figure 11 This is a control flowchart for the soil-adding device described in this embodiment.

[0055] The control method for the soil screening component includes the following steps:

[0056] M1: Before starting work, the controller drives the electric push rod 13 to push the grid plate 12 to a position that can seal all the through holes on the shaking screen plate 11.

[0057] M2: After starting operation, the controller activates the electromagnetic switch, causing soil to fall onto the shaking sieve disc 11. Then, the electromagnetic switch is turned off, and the drive motor 15 is started. The shaking of the sieve disc 11 evenly distributes the soil into several through holes. Simultaneously, the position sensor 22 collects the position information of the seedling tray 3 in real time. A Kalman filter fusion algorithm is used to fuse the multiple weight value signals to obtain a fused signal, which is then converted into an electrical signal value G and output to the controller.

[0058] M3: When the seedling tray 3 moves to the corresponding position below the shaking soil screen 11, the controller pauses the operation of the seedling production line 1 (the seedling production line 1 is powered by the production line control motor, which is connected to the controller; due to space limitations, this will not be explained in detail here). Then, the electric push rod 13 is driven to push the grid plate 12 to a position that exposes all the through holes on the shaking soil screen 11. After all the soil in the through holes is put into the corresponding seedling holes in the seedling tray 3, the electric push rod 13 is used to reset the grid plate 12, restart the seedling production line 1, and repeat step S2.

[0059] Furthermore, the time required from turning on the electromagnetic switch to the soil being evenly dispersed in the several through holes does not exceed the time required from the end of the previous soil addition operation to the next seedling tray 3 moving to the corresponding position below the shaking soil sieving tray 11. This ensures that the soil sieving operation above has ended when the next seedling tray 3 moves to the corresponding position below the shaking soil sieving tray 11, at which point only the grid plate 12 needs to be pushed open. Also, during the soil sieving operation, the controller controls the output shaft of the drive motor 15 to rotate an integer number of revolutions, ensuring that the shaking soil sieving tray 11 can reset after shaking.

[0060] The embodiments described above are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Any obvious improvements, substitutions or modifications that can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the essence of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A seedling raising and sowing machine capable of automatic soil supply, characterized in that, It includes a soil-laying hopper (2) located above the seedling production line (1), a soil-adding device for adding soil to the soil-laying hopper (2), a soil-screening component located between the soil-laying hopper (2) and the seedling tray (3), and a control system; the seedling production line (1) is used to carry and transport the seedling tray (3). The soil hopper (2) has an inlet (4) and an outlet (5) at its upper and lower ends, respectively. The soil hopper (2) is equipped with an inclined bottom plate (6) for loading soil, and a valve (7) is provided in the middle of the inclined bottom plate (6). The soil adding device includes a screw conveyor (9) and a soil hopper (10); the inlet of the screw conveyor (9) is connected to the discharge port of the soil hopper (10), and the outlet of the screw conveyor (9) is located above the feed port (4) of the soil hopper (2); The soil screening component includes a shaking soil screening disc (11), a grid plate (12), an electric push rod (13), and a driving device; the shaking soil screening disc (11) is a box-type structure with an open top, and several through holes are provided on the bottom surface of the shaking soil screening disc (11), which correspond one-to-one with the positions of the seedling holes in the seedling tray (3) and are arranged in a cross-sectional pattern; the diameter of the through holes on the shaking soil screening disc (11) is smaller than the diameter of the seedling holes in the seedling tray (3); the grid plate (12) The electric push rod (13) is tightly attached to the bottom of the shaking sieve (11) and installed in the groove on the bottom surface of the shaking sieve (11). The two ends of the electric push rod (13) are fixedly connected to the shaking sieve (11) and the grid plate (12) respectively. The direction of the push and pull force of the electric push rod (13) is parallel to the direction of movement of the grid plate (12) in the groove and the direction of movement of the seedling tray (3) on the seedling production line (1). When the electric push rod (13) switches between the extension and retraction states, the grid bars and gaps on the grid plate (12) can overlap with the through holes on the shaking sieve (11) respectively. The driving device includes a drive motor (15), a mounting base (16), a transmission shaft (17), an eccentric wheel (18), a connecting rod (19), and several rockers (20). The mounting base (16) is fixed on the seedling production line (1). The transmission shaft (17) is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the drive motor (15) and passes through the shaft. The drive shaft (17) is fixedly connected to the center of the eccentric wheel (18) on the mounting base (16). One end of the connecting rod (19) is eccentrically connected to the eccentric wheel (18), and the other end is hinged to the shaking sieve plate (11). The shaking sieve plate (11) is installed above the seedling production line (1) by several rockers (20), and the rockers (20) are hinged to the seedling production line (1) and the shaking sieve plate (11). The control system includes a controller, a weighing sensor (21) installed on the inclined base plate (6), and a position sensor (22) installed on the seedling tray (3). The weighing sensor (21), the position sensor (22), the drive motor (15), the valve control switch, the electric push rod, and the power unit of the screw conveyor (9) are all connected to the controller.

2. The seedling raising and sowing machine capable of automatically supplying soil according to claim 1, wherein The screw conveyor (9) includes a housing (91), an upper end cover (92), a lower end cover (93), a screw conveyor shaft (94), and a geared motor (95); the upper end cover (92) and the lower end cover (93) are respectively connected to the upper and lower end flanges of the housing (91); the screw conveyor shaft (94) is located inside the housing (91) and is rotatably connected to the upper end cover (92) and the lower end cover (93) by bearings; the screw conveyor shaft (94) is provided with screw blades; a driven gear (96) is provided on one end of the screw conveyor shaft (94) near the geared motor (95); a driving gear (97) is provided on the output shaft of the geared motor (95); the driving gear (97) is connected to the driven gear (96) by a transmission chain (98).

3. The seedling raising and sowing machine capable of automatically supplying soil according to claim 1, wherein The number of weighing sensors (21) is not less than two and they are symmetrically installed on the inclined base plate (6).

4. The seedling raising and sowing machine capable of automatically supplying soil according to claim 1, wherein The soil hopper (2) and the drive motor (15) are both mounted on the bracket (14); the screw conveyor (9) and the soil hopper (10) are both fixedly supported by the frame (8).

5. The seedling raising and sowing machine capable of automatically supplying soil according to claim 4, wherein The bottom of the frame (8) is fixed with several casters (23) with brakes.

6. The control method of the seedling raising and sowing machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by This includes a control method for the soil adding device and the soil screening component, wherein the control method for the soil adding device includes the following steps: S1: Before starting work, test the electrical signal value G0 corresponding to the weighing sensor (21) when the soil hopper (2) is full of soil, and the electrical signal value G1 corresponding to the soil in the soil hopper (2) being reduced to the threshold. S2: Start working, the weighing sensor (21) collects the soil weight value in the soil hopper (2) in real time, converts the obtained weight value signal into an electrical signal value G, and then outputs the electrical signal value G to the controller; S3: The controller compares the received electrical signal value G with the set electrical signal value G1. When G≤G1, the controller sends a control signal to start the screw conveyor (9) and uses the driven screw conveyor (9) to transport the soil in the soil hopper (10) to the soil spreading hopper (2). In the automatic soil supply stage, the controller compares the received electrical signal value G with the set electrical signal value G0. When the electrical signal value G≥G0, the controller turns off the geared motor (95) and then repeats step S2. The control method for the soil screening component includes the following steps: M1: Before starting work, the controller drives the electric push rod (13) to push the grid plate (12) to a position that can seal all the through holes on the shaking screen plate (11); M2: After starting work, the controller opens the valve control switch to make the soil fall onto the shaking soil sieve plate (11), then closes the valve control switch and starts the drive motor (15). The shaking of the shaking soil sieve plate (11) makes the soil evenly dispersed in several through holes; at the same time, the position sensor (22) collects the position information of the seedling tray (3) in real time and sends it to the controller. M3: When the seedling tray (3) moves to the corresponding position below the shaking soil sieve tray (11), the controller pauses the operation of the seedling production line (1), and then drives the electric push rod (13) to push the grid plate (12) to the position that exposes all the through holes on the shaking soil sieve tray (11). After all the soil in the through holes is put into the corresponding seedling hole in the seedling tray (3), the electric push rod (13) is used to reset the grid plate (12), restart the seedling production line (1) and repeat step M2.

7. The control method of the seedling raising and seeding machine according to claim 6, characterized by, The time required from opening the valve control switch to the soil being evenly dispersed in several through holes shall not exceed the time required from the end of the previous soil addition work to the next seedling tray (3) moving to the corresponding position below the shaking sieve tray (11); the number of rotations of the output shaft of the controller control drive motor (15) is an integer.

8. The control method of the seedling raising and seeding machine according to claim 6, wherein When the number of weighing sensors (21) is not less than 2, the Kalman filter fusion algorithm is required to fuse the multiple weight value signals to obtain the fused signal, and then the fused signal is converted into an electrical signal value G and output to the controller.

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