Molecular markers associated with pork quality and their applications
By detecting the mutation site at 6302397bp of the sixth intron of the pig PRKN gene, the problem that pig breeding technology is difficult to improve pork quality is solved, and rapid and low-cost pork quality detection is achieved, providing effective guidance for pig breeding.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202410787852.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-18
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-09
- Estimated Expiration
- 2044-06-18
AI Technical Summary
The existing pig breeding technology is difficult to effectively improve pork quality, resulting in a decline in pork quality and has a negative impact on the pig farming industry.
By detecting the single nucleotide mutation site at the sixth intron of PRKN gene, specific primers were designed for PCR amplification, and PRKN genotypes were quickly identified to detect the differences in pork quality.
It has achieved rapid and low-cost detection of pork quality differences, providing guidance for the breeding of pig breeds, and helping to improve pork quality.
Smart Images
Figure CN118547085B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of pig breeding, and in particular to molecular markers associated with pork quality and their applications. Background Art
[0002] my country is the world's largest pig-raising country. Pork has gradually become a common dish on the table of ordinary people. The healthy development of the pig industry is crucial to ensuring that the Chinese people can fully realize a well-off life. In recent years, the living standards of the Chinese people have improved significantly. Under this trend, it is necessary not only to ensure sufficient pork supply, but also to ensure good quality and high safety of pork. For livestock industry personnel and scientific researchers, this is both an opportunity to promote the development of my country's pig industry and a huge challenge. In the past, pig breeders focused on improving growth rate and lean meat rate. While these qualities have achieved remarkable results, they have led to a significant decline in pork quality, which has brought great negative impacts to the pig industry. Therefore, in recent years, the genetic improvement of pork quality has received widespread attention from pig breeders. Pork quality is a complex quantitative quality. The indicators of pork quality often need to be obtained after slaughter. It is difficult to carry out genetic improvement of pork quality using conventional breeding technology. The research and development and application of molecular breeding technology provide unlimited possibilities for the effective improvement of pork quality.
[0003] Molecular markers used for auxiliary selection include protein markers, microsatellite markers, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, etc. SNP markers refer to the polymorphism of DNA sequences caused by single nucleotide variations in the genome. They have the characteristics of large number, high accuracy, and high polymorphism. In breeding practice, SNP can be used to locate certain excellent genes, and the association between markers and specific qualities can be determined in combination with phenotypes. Molecular markers can also be verified in populations and applied to molecular breeding. Summary of the invention
[0004] Parkin RBR E3 ubiquitinprotein ligase, referred to as PRKN gene, encodes Parkin protein, an E3 ubiquitin ligase responsible for marking useless proteins in the body and degrading them by ubiquitination, which helps maintain the normal function and health of cells. PRKN gene mutations can lead to abnormal protein accumulation, accelerate neuronal cell death, and cause diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. In addition, there are literature reports that Parkin participates in mediating organelle-specific autophagy such as mitochondria, affects inflammatory diseases by eliminating damaged organelles and maintaining homeostasis, and promotes cell survival and proliferation. However, there are no reports on the role of this gene in pork quality.
[0005] The present application, through GWAS analysis of the black pork quality resource population in Selenium City, found that there are signal sites in the PRKN gene region that are significantly associated with pork quality. Therefore, the present application designs specific primers based on the single nucleotide mutation site on the sixth intron of the PRKN gene and performs amplification, and distinguishes the meat quality differences between individual pigs based on the polymorphism detection results of the amplified products. Primers are designed using this molecular marker, and the nucleotide sequence containing the SNP site is PCR amplified. Sequencing the amplified product can quickly identify the PRKN genotype, thereby detecting differences in pork quality and providing guidance for the breeding of pig varieties. In addition, the primers provided in the present application can specifically amplify the SNP site sequence contained in the gene intron of PRKN, and the detection method has low cost. It can be detected only by PCR amplification, and the difference in meat quality between different pigs can be compared without a large amount of group-scale sampling and measurement.
[0006] To this end, the embodiments of the present application disclose at least the following technical solutions:
[0007] (1): Molecular markers associated with pork quality, including the nucleotide sequence formed by a single nucleotide mutation C>T at 6302397bp in the sixth intron of the porcine PRKN gene.
[0008] (2): Molecular marker primers associated with pork quality, including a DNA molecule as shown in SEQ ID NO:3 and a DNA molecule as shown in SEQ ID NO:4.
[0009] (3): A nucleic acid molecule obtained by PCR amplification using the molecular marker primers described in (2), wherein the genotype of the nucleic acid molecule is associated with the quality of the pork.
[0010] (4): A kit comprising the molecular marker primers described in (2) and other reagents required for PCR amplification.
[0011] (5): Methods for testing pork quality, including:
[0012] Obtaining the pig genomic DNA to be tested;
[0013] Perform PCR amplification using the molecular marker primers described in (2);
[0014] The genotype of the 6302397 bp portion of the pig chromosome 1 was detected based on the nucleotide sequence of the amplified product;
[0015] The pork quality is determined based on the genotype.
[0016] (6): A pig screening method including the detection method described in (5).
[0017] (7): The use of the molecular marker described in (1), the molecular marker primer described in (2), the nucleic acid molecule described in (3), or the kit described in (4), wherein the use is selected from any one of the following:
[0018] 1) Detection and analysis of pork quality, wherein the pork quality is selected from intramuscular fat content and / or moisture content;
[0019] 2) Screening and breeding of pigs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] Figure 1 It is the overall technical flow chart of this application.
[0021] Figure 2 This is the reverse sequencing result of the complementary chain of the single nucleotide mutation C>T at 6302397bp in the sixth intron of the porcine PRKN gene. The red box in the figure is the SNP position. From top to bottom, they are GG homozygous, GA heterozygous and AA homozygous, which correspond to CC homozygous, CT heterozygous and TT homozygous at 6302397bp in the sequence of chromosome 1 of the porcine genome (NC 010443.5 (5698508.6731132)).
[0022] Figure 3 It is a visual diagram of the nucleotide sequence of the sixth intron fragment of the porcine PRKN gene (shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 2). The red frame represents the location of the mutation, and the mutation position is located at the 486th base of the sequence. The underlined sequence represents the primer position. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. The reagents not described separately in detail in the present application are all conventional reagents and can be obtained from commercial channels; the methods not described in detail are all conventional experimental methods and can be obtained from the prior art.
[0024] The present application example sequenced the mutation site of a portion of the nucleotide sequence of the PRKN gene and found that the genotype at 6302397 bp of the sixth intron of the PRKN gene was associated with pork quality.
[0025] To this end, the present application discloses a molecular marker associated with pork quality, including a nucleotide sequence formed by a single nucleotide mutation C>T at 6302397bp in the sixth intron of the pig PRKN gene. Among them, the pig PRKN gene refers to GeneID: 733673 in the GeneBank database, assembly number Sscrofa11.1 (GCF 000003025.6), and position information: NC 010443.5 (5698508..6731132).
[0026] In some embodiments, the pork quality is selected from intramuscular fat content and / or moisture.
[0027] In some embodiments, at 6302397bp of the sixth intron of the pig PRKN gene, the intramuscular fat content of individuals with CT genotype is significantly higher than that of individuals with other genotypes. In some embodiments, at 6302397bp of the sixth intron of the pig PRKN gene, the pork moisture of individuals with CC genotype is significantly higher than that of individuals with other genotypes.
[0028] Based on this, according to the genotype at 6302397bp of the sixth intron of the pig PRKN gene, the pork quality of individual pigs can be molecularly marked to facilitate the selection of pig breeds with excellent meat quality.
[0029] Therefore, specific primers were designed with reference to the sixth intron of the porcine PRKN gene in the GeneBank database (the sequences of the primers are shown in SEQ ID NO:3 and SEQ ID NO:4 in the sequence listing), PCR amplification was performed using porcine genomic DNA as a template, the amplified products were gel-recovered and sequenced and analyzed, and gene fragments as shown in SEQ ID NO:1 and SEQ ID NO:2 in the sequence listing were obtained.
[0030] Based on this, the present application also discloses molecular marker primers associated with pork quality, including a DNA molecule as shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 and a DNA molecule as shown in SEQ ID NO: 4. The "molecular marker primers" are used to amplify molecular markers containing pork quality linkage, such as nucleotide sequences of SNPs, to analyze the genotype of the molecular markers, thereby obtaining pork quality.
[0031] On the other hand, the embodiment of the present application also discloses a nucleic acid molecule, which is amplified by PCR using the molecular marker primers, and the genotype of the nucleic acid molecule is associated with the pork quality. Further, the nucleic acid molecule is shown in SEQ ID NO: 1-2.
[0032] On the other hand, the embodiments of the present application also disclose a kit, including the molecular marker primers and other reagents required for PCR amplification.
[0033] Based on this, the present application also discloses a method for detecting pork quality, including: obtaining genomic DNA of a pig to be tested; performing PCR amplification using the molecular marker primers; detecting the genotype at 6302397bp of the sixth intron of the pig PRKN gene according to the nucleotide sequence of the amplified product; and determining the pork quality according to the genotype. For example, determining the intramuscular fat content and moisture content of the pig according to the genotype.
[0034] In some embodiments, the detection method further comprises sequencing the amplified product, and determining the genotype at 6302397 bp of the sixth intron of the pig PRKN gene according to the sequencing result.
[0035] Based on this, the embodiments of the present application also disclose a method for screening pigs, including the detection method described above, to determine the intramuscular fat content and moisture content of pigs, and then screen pig breeds to obtain excellent pig breeds.
[0036] Based on this, the present application also discloses the application of the molecular marker, the molecular marker primer, the nucleic acid molecule or the kit, and the application is selected from any of the following:
[0037] 1) Detection and analysis of pork quality, wherein the pork quality is selected from at least one of intramuscular fat content and water content of pigs;
[0038] 2) Screening and breeding of pigs.
[0039] The present application is now further described in conjunction with specific examples. The following examples are only intended to explain the present application, but do not constitute a limitation to the present application. The test samples and test processes used in the following examples include the following (if the specific experimental conditions are not specified in the examples, they are usually in accordance with conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the reagent company; the reagents, consumables, etc. used in the following examples, if not otherwise specified, can all be obtained from commercial sources).
[0040] 1. Extraction of porcine genomic DNA
[0041] The experimental pig breed of this application is Selenium City Black Pig, and the samples come from Hubei Huajian Selenium Garden Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd. The genomic DNA of the pig was extracted using the genomic DNA kit produced by Beijing Biotech Biotechnology Co., Ltd. The extraction was performed according to the instructions of the kit. The concentration and quality of the extracted DNA were tested and stored at -20°C for later use. The remaining muscle samples were sealed in bags and stored at 4°C, and sent to the Agricultural Pig Quality Supervision and Inspection and Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture of Huazhong Agricultural University (Wuhan) within 4 hours to measure the quality of pork in accordance with the Agricultural Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China "Technical Specifications for Pork Quality Determination" (Standard No.: NY / T 821-2019).
[0042] 2. Obtaining the porcine PRKN gene fragment and detecting the PRKN gene SNP site
[0043] 1. Obtaining the sixth intron fragment of the porcine PRKN gene
[0044] (1) PCR amplification
[0045] The following primer pairs were designed based on the genomic sequence of the porcine PRKN gene (Gene ID: 733673 in the GeneBank database):
[0046] Forward primer PRKN-F: 5'-TTTAGGCTTCTACTTTCCAAACTGC-3', SEQ ID NO: 3
[0047] Reverse primer PRKN-R: 5′-GCTCCCTTCTTGCTTCCTGAG-3′, SEQ ID NO:4.
[0048] The above primers were used to perform PCR amplification in a mixed genomic DNA pool of 40 Sedu Black Pigs. The PCR reaction system was 50 μL, and the concentrations of each component in the system were 100 ng template DNA, 10× buffer (containing Mg 2+ )4 μL, 0.5 μM each of the upstream and downstream primers mentioned above, 2.5 μM dNTPs, and 1 U Taq DNA polymerase.
[0049] The PCR operation program was as follows: preheating at 98°C for 45s; denaturation at 98°C for 10s, annealing at 56°C for 30s, extension at 72°C for 30s, for a total of 34 cycles; extension at 72°C for 10min; storage at 4°C. PCR products were electrophoresed using 1.5% agarose gel.
[0050] (2) PCR product purification
[0051] The above PCR products were purified using the Gel Extraction Kit of Shanghai Shenggong Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (according to the instructions of the kit), and the specific steps are as follows: first, the gel containing the target fragment was cut from the agarose gel, placed in a 1.5mL centrifuge tube, 400μL of sol solution was added, and the gel was completely melted in a 50-60℃ water bath. When heating the melted gel, it was mixed every 2 minutes and cooled to room temperature; the centrifuge column was placed in a collection tube, the mixed solution was transferred to the centrifuge column, and it was placed at room temperature for 2 minutes; centrifuged at 12000r / min for 1 minute, at which time the DNA was adsorbed on the column; discarded Collect the waste liquid in the tube, put the centrifuge column into the same collection tube, add 700μL of elution buffer, and centrifuge at 12000r / min for 1min; pour out the waste liquid in the collection tube, and centrifuge at 12000r / min for 1min; put the centrifuge column into a pre-prepared sterilized 1.5mL centrifuge tube, add 40μL of elution buffer or double distilled water (Ph>7.0), and place it at room temperature or 37℃ for 2-3min; centrifuge at 12000r / min for 1min, and the liquid in the centrifuge tube is the recovered DNA fragments.
[0052] 2. Obtaining the mutation site of the sixth intron fragment of the porcine PRKN gene
[0053] The DNA fragments recovered above were sent to Wuhan Aoke Dingsheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. for sequencing using an ABI3730XL sequencer, and a single-base mutation site was found ( Figure 2 ), a C>T mutation located at the 6302397bp of the PRKN genome nucleotide sequence (i.e., the full sequence) (GeneID: 733673 in the GeneBank database), and the mutation sites corresponding to the PRKN gene fragment of the present application are: a C>T base mutation (i.e., allele mutation) at 486bp in SEQ ID NO: 1; a T>C base mutation (i.e., allele mutation) at 486bp in SEQ ID NO: 2, such as Figure 3 shown.
[0054] 3. Molecular marker genotyping
[0055] The DNA sample of the individual to be tested was used as a template, and the sixth intron sequence fragment of the porcine PRKN gene was amplified according to the method described in step 1 above. The obtained PCR purified product was directly sent to Wuhan Aoke Dingsheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. for sequencing, and the genotyping results were directly read from the sequencing results, such as Figure 2 shown.
[0056] 3. Genetic diversity detection and analysis of its association with quality
[0057] Using the method provided in the examples of this application, 274 Selenium City black pigs (from Hubei Huajian Selenium Garden Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd.) were tested for genetic diversity and analyzed for association with quality. SPSS statistical software (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, Version 26.0) was used for statistical analysis using the general linear model GLM. The model used was: Y ijklm =μ+G i +A j +X k +S l +e ijklm , where: Y ijklm represents the pork quality phenotypic value; μ represents the population mean; G i represents genotype effect; A j represents the year-season effect; X k represents the gender effect; S l represents the paternal effect; e ijklm The results are expressed as the least squares mean ± standard error, and P < 0.05 was considered significant.
[0058] The results of association analysis are shown in Table 1. It was found that the C>T site at 6302397bp of chromosome 1 of the pig genome significantly affected the intramuscular fat content and water content of pigs (P<0.05). The intramuscular fat content of individuals with CT genotype was significantly higher than that of individuals with other genotypes, and the moisture content of pork with CC genotype was significantly higher than that of individuals with other genotypes. Therefore, in the process of pig breed selection, the C>T marker at 6302397bp of chromosome 1 of the pig genome was used to assist in the early molecular marker selection of suitable genotype individuals in the reserve pig herd.
[0059] Table 1 Analysis of the association between the C>T mutation at bp 6302397 of chromosome 1 of the pig genome and pork quality
[0060]
[0061] Note: Shoulder marks are significant difference marks of the same quality in different genotypes
[0062] The above is only a preferred specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.
Claims
1. The quality testing method of Selenium City Black Pig includes: Obtaining the pig genomic DNA to be tested; Perform PCR amplification using molecular marker primers, wherein the molecular marker primers are a DNA molecule as shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 and a DNA molecule as shown in SEQ ID NO: 4; Detecting the genotype at the 486 bp position of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2 according to the nucleotide sequence of the amplified product; The pork quality is determined according to the genotype. The intramuscular fat content of individuals with CT genotype is significantly higher than that of individuals with other genotypes. The moisture content of pork of individuals with CC genotype is significantly higher than that of individuals with other genotypes.
2. A method for screening Xidu black pigs, comprising the detection method as described in claim 1, determining the intramuscular fat content and moisture content of pigs, and screening pig breeds.
3. Application of the molecular marker primer or kit, the application is selected from any of the following: 1) Detection and analysis of pork quality of Xidu black pigs, wherein the pork quality is selected from intramuscular fat content and / or moisture content; 2) Selection and breeding of Sedu Kurobuta pigs related to pork quality with respect to intramuscular fat content and / or moisture content; in, The molecular marker primers are a DNA molecule as shown in SEQ ID NO:3 and a DNA molecule as shown in SEQ ID NO:
4. The kit includes molecular marker primers and other reagents required for PCR amplification. The molecular marker primers detect the genotype at the 486bp position of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:1 or 2. The pork quality is determined according to the genotype. The intramuscular fat content of individuals with CT genotype is significantly higher than that of individuals with other genotypes, and the moisture content of pork of individuals with CC genotype is significantly higher than that of individuals with other genotypes.