Konjac good seed hydroponic nutrient solution and method for cultivating konjac good seed

Abstract

The present application relates to konjak planting technical field, especially to a kind of konjak elite water culture nutrient solution and the method for cultivating konjak elite.The konjak elite water culture nutrient solution provided by the present application uses water as solvent, and includes the following components with the following concentrations: humic acid potassium 0.3-0.5 g / L, sucrose 3-6 g / L, ammonium phosphate 0.06-0.1 g / L, calcium nitrate 0.3-0.5 g / L, EDTA chelated multi-element 0.01-0.04 g / L, bacillus subtilis inoculant 0.005-0.01 g / L, and bacillus amyloliquefaciens inoculant 0.001-0.003 g / L.Each component in the konjak elite water culture nutrient solution is simple and easy to obtain, and the price is low.The konjak elite water culture nutrient solution prepared using these components can cultivate konjak elite with robust growth and excellent quality in a short time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of konjac cultivation technology, and in particular to a hydroponic nutrient solution for high-quality konjac varieties and a method for cultivating high-quality konjac varieties. Background Technology

[0002] Konjac (scientific name: *Amorphophallus*) is a general term for perennial herbaceous plants belonging to the genus *Amorphophallus* in the family Araceae, and is an important economic crop. Konjac reproduction is divided into sexual and asexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction uses corms or rhizomes; sexual reproduction uses konjac seeds. Konjac produced through sexual reproduction has stronger disease resistance and a higher propagation rate than that produced through asexual reproduction. Therefore, the sexual reproduction of konjac is receiving increasing attention.

[0003] Konjac seeds have a long dormancy period under natural conditions, resulting in an extremely low germination rate. Cultivating seed tubers takes a year, impacting konjac cultivation and consumer demand. Hydroponics has solved this problem.

[0004] For example, application number 201811211973.4, entitled "A Low-Cost and Rapid Propagation Method for High-Quality Konjac Varieties," discloses a method for hydroponic cultivation of high-quality konjac varieties. This method shortens the natural cultivation time of konjac seed tubers from one year to six months, largely solving the problem of the long propagation time of konjac seeds.

[0005] However, this does not meet people's demand for konjac. Based on this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a hydroponic nutrient solution for high-quality konjac varieties and a method for cultivating high-quality konjac varieties.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] This invention provides a hydroponic nutrient solution for high-quality konjac varieties, using water as a solvent, and comprising the following components at the following concentrations:

[0009] Potassium humate 0.3–0.5 g / L, sucrose 3–6 g / L, ammonium phosphate 0.06–0.1 g / L, calcium nitrate 0.3–0.5 g / L, EDTA chelated multi-element 0.01–0.04 g / L, Bacillus subtilis inoculum 0.005–0.01 g / L, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens inoculum 0.001–0.003 g / L.

[0010] Preferably, the trace elements chelated in the EDTA chelated multi-element combination include iron, zinc, manganese, copper, boron, molybdenum, and magnesium.

[0011] The EDTA-chelated multi-element compounds contain ≥4% iron, ≥5% zinc, ≥2% manganese, ≥0.5% copper, ≥2.0% boron, ≥0.1% molybdenum, and ≥2% magnesium.

[0012] Preferably, the initial viable cell concentration of the Bacillus subtilis inoculant is ≥1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 10 cfu / g;

[0013] The initial viable cell concentration of the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent is ≥1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 11 cfu / g.

[0014] This invention also provides the application of the aforementioned konjac hydroponic nutrient solution in the rapid hydroponic cultivation of konjac varieties.

[0015] This invention also provides a method for rapid hydroponic cultivation of high-quality konjac seeds, comprising the following steps:

[0016] (1) Disinfect konjac seeds with potassium permanganate solution to obtain sterile konjac seeds;

[0017] (2) Mix the sterile konjac seeds with water and soak for 18-24 hours to obtain water-absorbing konjac seeds;

[0018] (3) Mix the water-absorbing konjac seeds with thiourea solution and soak for 6-8 hours to obtain konjac seeds ready to germinate;

[0019] (4) Place the konjac seeds to be germinated in moist sand and cultivate for 4-6 days to obtain germinated konjac seeds;

[0020] (5) Place the sprouted konjac seeds in a konjac hydroponic nutrient solution and culture for 60-75 days to obtain konjac seeds;

[0021] The konjac hydroponic nutrient solution mentioned in step (5) is the konjac hydroponic nutrient solution.

[0022] Preferably, the potassium permanganate solution in step (1) is an aqueous solution of potassium permanganate;

[0023] The initial concentration of the potassium permanganate solution is 0.05–0.1 wt%.

[0024] Preferably, the temperature of the water in step (2) is 30-40°C;

[0025] The thiourea solution in step (3) is an aqueous solution of thiourea; the initial concentration of the thiourea solution is 0.5 to 1.0 wt%.

[0026] Preferably, the culture temperature in step (4) is 23–26°C;

[0027] The culture temperature in step (5) is 23-26℃.

[0028] The present invention also provides a superior konjac variety cultivated according to the method, wherein the corm weight of the superior konjac variety is ≥13.5g.

[0029] This invention also provides a method for cultivating konjac, comprising the following steps:

[0030] High-quality konjac seeds are planted in the field and harvested to obtain konjac.

[0031] The improved konjac variety is either the improved konjac variety cultivated according to the method described above or the improved konjac variety described above.

[0032] This invention provides a hydroponic nutrient solution for high-quality konjac varieties and a method for cultivating high-quality konjac varieties. The hydroponic nutrient solution for high-quality konjac varieties disclosed in this invention includes potassium humate, sucrose, ammonium phosphate, calcium nitrate, EDTA chelated multi-element, Bacillus subtilis inoculant, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens inoculant.

[0033] The potassium humate of this invention can promote rooting of konjac seeds, increase germination rate, and also has a stress-resistant effect, improving the stress resistance of konjac seeds. Sucrose contains abundant carbon sources and trace elements, providing an energy basis for root cell division and accelerated rooting in konjac seeds, and also providing nutrients for the growth of the inoculant. Bacillus subtilis can secrete subtilisin and polymyxin, which inhibit pathogens, and can also secrete chitinase and cellulase, which dissolve the cell walls and mycelia of pathogens. When used in combination with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, which promotes crop growth and enhances photosynthesis, it can improve the disease resistance, inhibit bacteria, and accelerate root development of konjac seeds. Calcium nitrate can promote root cell elongation and division, promote rooting, and also provide nitrogen for konjac growth. Ammonium phosphate can stimulate root development and increase root surface area. EDTA chelated multi-element compounds contain abundant trace elements, ensuring the rapid growth of konjac.

[0034] When the above components are used synergistically to cultivate superior konjac varieties, disease-resistant and stress-resistant konjac varieties can be obtained in a short period of time, shortening the cultivation time to within 3 months.

[0035] From the perspective of the hydroponic nutrient solution composition of the present invention, the components in the nutrient solution of the present invention are simple and readily available. Under the premise of reducing costs, it can quickly obtain high-quality konjac seeds, providing a basis for the cultivation of high-quality konjac seeds.

[0036] The konjac corms cultivated according to the cultivation method of this invention have large weight and high survival rate. Detailed Implementation

[0037] This invention provides a hydroponic nutrient solution for high-quality konjac varieties, using water as a solvent, and comprising the following components at the following concentrations:

[0038] Potassium humate: 0.3–0.5 g / L, preferably 0.4 g / L;

[0039] Sucrose 3-6 g / L, preferably 5 g / L;

[0040] Ammonium phosphate: 0.06–0.1 g / L, preferably 0.08 g / L;

[0041] Calcium nitrate concentration: 0.3–0.5 g / L, preferably 0.4 g / L;

[0042] EDTA chelates multiple elements at a concentration of 0.01–0.04 g / L, preferably 0.03 g / L;

[0043] The concentration of Bacillus subtilis inoculant is 0.005–0.01 g / L, preferably 0.007 g / L;

[0044] The concentration of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens inoculum is 0.001–0.003 g / L, preferably 0.002 g / L.

[0045] In this invention, both the Bacillus subtilis inoculant and the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens inoculant were purchased from Shandong Yihao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0046] In this invention, the initial viable cell concentration of the Bacillus subtilis inoculant is ≥1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 10 cfu / g, preferably 1.0 × 10⁻⁶ 10 cfu / g; the initial viable bacterial concentration of the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent is ≥1.0×10⁻⁶. 11 cfu / g, preferably 1.0 × 10⁻⁶ 11 cfu / g.

[0047] In this invention, the trace elements chelated in the EDTA chelated multi-element complex include iron, zinc, manganese, copper, boron, molybdenum, and magnesium.

[0048] The iron content in the EDTA-chelated multi-element compound is ≥4%, preferably 4%;

[0049] The zinc content is ≥5%, preferably 4%;

[0050] The manganese content is ≥2%, preferably 2%;

[0051] The copper content is ≥0.5%, preferably 0.5%;

[0052] The boron content is ≥2.0%, preferably 2.0%;

[0053] The molybdenum content is ≥0.1%, preferably 0.1%;

[0054] The magnesium content is ≥2.0%, preferably 2.0%.

[0055] In this invention, the EDTA chelated multi-element was purchased from Shandong Pingju Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0056] This invention also provides the application of the aforementioned konjac hydroponic nutrient solution in the rapid hydroponic cultivation of konjac varieties.

[0057] This invention also provides a method for rapid hydroponic cultivation of high-quality konjac seeds, comprising the following steps:

[0058] (1) Disinfect konjac seeds with potassium permanganate solution to obtain sterile konjac seeds;

[0059] (2) Mix the sterile konjac seeds with water and soak for 18-24 hours to obtain water-absorbing konjac seeds;

[0060] (3) Mix the water-absorbing konjac seeds with thiourea solution and soak for 6-8 hours to obtain konjac seeds ready to germinate;

[0061] (4) Place the konjac seeds to be germinated in moist sand and cultivate for 4-6 days to obtain germinated konjac seeds;

[0062] (5) Place the sprouted konjac seeds in a konjac hydroponic nutrient solution and culture for 60-75 days to obtain konjac seeds;

[0063] The konjac hydroponic nutrient solution mentioned in step (5) is the konjac hydroponic nutrient solution.

[0064] In this invention, the potassium permanganate solution in step (1) is an aqueous solution of potassium permanganate; the initial concentration of the potassium permanganate solution is 0.05-0.1 wt%, preferably 0.08 wt%. In this invention, the water temperature in step (2) is 30-40℃, preferably 35℃; the purpose of soaking in water is to break seed dormancy. The soaking time is preferably 21 hours. The thiourea solution in step (3) is an aqueous solution of thiourea; the initial concentration of the thiourea solution is 0.5-1.0 wt%, preferably 0.8 wt%. The soaking time in step (3) is preferably 7 hours. In this invention, the purpose of mixing and soaking konjac seeds with thiourea solution is to further break seed dormancy, stimulate growth hormones in the seeds, and promote germination. In this invention, the cultivation temperature in step (4) is 23-26℃, preferably 25℃; the cultivation time is preferably 5 hours; the cultivation temperature in step (5) is 23-26℃, preferably 25℃. The cultivation time in step (5) is preferably 70 days. Step (5) During the cultivation of high-quality konjac varieties, the hydroponic nutrient solution for high-quality konjac varieties should be changed every 10 to 20 days, preferably every 15 days.

[0065] The present invention also provides a superior konjac variety cultivated according to the method, wherein the corm weight of the superior konjac variety is ≥13.5g.

[0066] This invention also provides a method for cultivating konjac, comprising the following steps:

[0067] High-quality konjac seeds are planted in the field and harvested to obtain konjac.

[0068] The improved konjac variety is either the improved konjac variety cultivated according to the method described above or the improved konjac variety described above.

[0069] The following detailed description of the solutions provided by the present invention, in conjunction with the embodiments, should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0070] The Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Bacillus licheniformis inoculants described in the embodiments and comparative examples of this invention were all purchased from Shandong Yihao Biotechnology Co., Ltd. The initial viable cell concentration in the Bacillus subtilis inoculant was 1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 10 CFU / g; the initial viable cell concentration of the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent is 1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 11 CFU / g; The initial viable cell concentration of the Bacillus licheniformis inoculant is 2.0 × 10⁻⁶. 10 cfu / g.

[0071] The EDTA chelated multi-element compounds described in the embodiments and comparative examples of this invention were purchased from Shandong Pingju Biotechnology Co., Ltd. The EDTA chelated multi-element compounds contained 4% iron, 5% zinc, 2% manganese, 0.5% copper, 2.0% boron, 0.1% molybdenum, and 2% magnesium.

[0072] The embodiments and comparative examples of this invention were conducted in the agricultural greenhouse and plant breeding center of the College of Modern Agriculture and Biotechnology, Ankang University.

[0073] The experimental variety of this invention is Qinmo No. 1.

[0074] Example 1

[0075] Take 3g potassium humate, 60g sucrose, 0.8g ammonium phosphate, 5g calcium nitrate, 0.1g EDTA chelated multi-element, 0.08g Bacillus subtilis inoculant, and 0.01g Bacillus amyloliquefaciens inoculant and mix them with 10L sterile water to dissolve them. Filter the solution through 5 layers of gauze and collect the filtrate to obtain the hydroponic nutrient solution for konjac seed.

[0076] Example 2

[0077] Take 5g potassium humate, 40g sucrose, 1g ammonium phosphate, 3g calcium nitrate, 0.4g EDTA chelated multi-element, 0.1g Bacillus subtilis inoculant, and 0.02g Bacillus amyloliquefaciens inoculant and mix them with 10L sterile water to dissolve them. Filter the solution through 5 layers of gauze and collect the filtrate to obtain the hydroponic nutrient solution for konjac seed.

[0078] Example 3

[0079] Take 4g potassium humate, 30g sucrose, 0.6g ammonium phosphate, 4g calcium nitrate, 0.3g EDTA chelated multi-element, 0.05g Bacillus subtilis inoculant, and 0.03g Bacillus amyloliquefaciens inoculant and mix them with 10L sterile water to dissolve them. Filter the solution through 5 layers of gauze and collect the filtrate to obtain the hydroponic nutrient solution for konjac seed.

[0080] Comparative Example 1

[0081] The hydroponic nutrient solution for the improved konjac seed of Comparative Example 1 was prepared according to the method of Example 1. The difference from Example 1 is that the same mass of potassium chloride was used to replace potassium humate in Example 1.

[0082] Comparative Example 2

[0083] The hydroponic nutrient solution for the superior konjac seed of Comparative Example 2 was prepared according to the method of Example 1. The difference from Example 1 is that no sucrose was added in Comparative Example 2.

[0084] Comparative Example 3

[0085] The hydroponic nutrient solution for the improved konjac seed of Comparative Example 3 was prepared according to the method of Example 1. The difference from Example 1 is that Bacillus licheniformis was used to replace Bacillus subtilis in Example 1 with the same mass.

[0086] Comparative Example 4

[0087] The hydroponic nutrient solution for the improved konjac seed of Comparative Example 4 was prepared according to the method of Example 1. The difference from Example 1 is that Bacillus licheniformis was used to replace Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in Example 1 with the same mass.

[0088] Comparative Example 5

[0089] The hydroponic nutrient solution for the improved konjac variety of Comparative Example 5 was prepared according to the method of Example 1. The difference from Example 1 is that 0.02g of Bacillus licheniformis was added to the hydroponic nutrient solution for the improved konjac variety of Comparative Example 5 based on the formula of Example 1.

[0090] Experimental Example 1

[0091] Healthy, plump Qinmo No. 1 konjac seeds were selected and soaked in a 0.1 wt% potassium permanganate aqueous solution for 1 minute to obtain sterile konjac seeds. These sterile seeds were then soaked in sterile water at 35℃ for 20 hours, followed by soaking in a 1 wt% thiourea aqueous solution for 8 hours to stimulate growth hormones and break dormancy. After soaking, konjac seeds ready for germination were obtained. These germination-ready seeds were placed in moist sand with 75% humidity and cultured at 25℃ for 5 days to obtain germinated seeds. Germination rate % = (Number of germinated konjac seeds / Number of cultured konjac seeds) × 100%. The germination rate of the konjac seeds obtained using this method was 85%.

[0092] Germinated konjac seeds were randomly divided into 8 groups (Example 1, Example 2, Example 3, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, Comparative Example 3, Comparative Example 4, and Comparative Example 5), with 80 germinated konjac seedlings in each group. The germinated konjac seeds from each group were inoculated into cultivation trays containing the corresponding high-quality konjac hydroponic nutrient solution. The nutrient solution was replaced every 15 days. The number of days from inoculation to seedling death was recorded. After seedling death, the weight of the konjac corms was measured, and the corm enlargement ratio was calculated as follows: corm enlargement ratio = (weight of konjac corms at harvest - weight of seedlings) / weight of seedlings. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0093] Table 1. Effects of different hydroponic nutrient solutions on the cultivation of superior konjac varieties.

[0094] Group Days of seedling collapse / d bulb weight / g bulb enlargement ratio Example 1 71 13.8 38.43 Example 2 62 13.6 37.86 Example 3 68 14.2 39.57 Comparative Example 1 92 12.3 34.14 Comparative Example 2 103 13.1 36.43 Comparative Example 3 98 11.5 31.86 Comparative Example 4 116 12.4 34.43 Comparative Example 5 108 11.8 32.71

[0095] Table 1 shows that when using the hydroponic nutrient solution of the improved konjac varieties in Examples 1-3 to cultivate improved konjac varieties, the seedling dieback time was faster than that in Comparative Examples 1-5. The corm weight and corm enlargement ratio of the improved konjac varieties cultivated using the hydroponic nutrient solution of Examples 1-3 were also heavier than those cultivated using the hydroponic nutrient solution of Comparative Examples 1-5. The root systems of the improved konjac varieties cultivated using the hydroponic nutrient solution of Examples 1-3 were more developed than those of the improved konjac varieties obtained in Comparative Examples 1-5. The average number of roots in the root systems of the improved konjac varieties obtained in Examples 1-3 was 16.5, and the average length was 20.3 cm. The optimal number of roots in the root systems of the improved konjac varieties cultivated in Comparative Examples 1-5 was 11, and the optimal root length was 13.4 cm. This indicates that the hydroponic nutrient solution for improved konjac varieties of the present invention has the effect of shortening the cultivation time and promoting rooting of improved konjac varieties.

[0096] Experimental Example 2

[0097] The improved konjac varieties cultivated using the hydroponic nutrient solutions of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-5 in Experiment 1 were planted in the field using conventional methods. The transplant survival rate of different groups of improved konjac varieties was observed, and the yield of konjac from each group was recorded at harvest. The results are shown in Table 2. Transplant survival rate % = (Number of surviving plants / Number of transplanted plants) × 100%.

[0098] Table 2. Transplant survival rate of different high-quality konjac varieties in hydroponic nutrient solutions.

[0099] Group Transplant survival rate % Konjac yield / kg / acre Example 1 86 2.3 Example 2 90 2.5 Example 3 88 2.0 Comparative Example 1 62 1.4 Comparative Example 2 72 1.3 Comparative Example 3 71 1.6 Comparative Example 4 64 1.5 Comparative Example 5 68 1.6

[0100] Table 2 shows that the konjac varieties cultivated using the hydroponic nutrient solution of the formulations in Examples 1-3 have a higher transplant survival rate and higher yield than the konjac varieties in Comparative Examples 1-5. This indicates that the konjac varieties cultivated using the hydroponic nutrient solution of the present invention are of excellent quality.

[0101] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the present invention provides a hydroponic nutrient solution for high-quality konjac seeds and a method for cultivating high-quality konjac seeds. The hydroponic nutrient solution for high-quality konjac seeds disclosed in this invention includes potassium humate, sucrose, ammonium phosphate, calcium nitrate, EDTA chelated multi-element, Bacillus subtilis inoculant, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens inoculant. The components in the hydroponic nutrient solution for high-quality konjac seeds of this invention work synergistically to cultivate high-quality konjac seeds, enabling the production of disease-resistant and stress-resistant high-quality konjac seeds in a short time, shortening the cultivation time to within 3 months.

[0102] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydroponic nutrient solution for high-quality konjac seeds, characterized in that, Using water as a solvent, it consists of the following components at the following concentrations: Potassium humate 0.3~0.5 g / L, sucrose 3~6 g / L, ammonium phosphate 0.06~0.1 g / L, calcium nitrate 0.3~0.5 g / L, EDTA chelated multi-element 0.01~0.04 g / L, Bacillus subtilis inoculant 0.005~0.01 g / L, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens inoculant 0.001~0.003 g / L; The initial viable cell concentration of the Bacillus subtilis inoculant is ≥1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 10 cfu / g; The initial viable cell concentration of the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent is ≥1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 11 cfu / g.

2. The hydroponic nutrient solution for konjac seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The trace elements chelated in the EDTA chelated multi-element complex include iron, zinc, manganese, copper, boron, molybdenum, and magnesium. The EDTA-chelated multi-element compounds contain ≥4% iron, ≥5% zinc, ≥2% manganese, ≥0.5% copper, ≥2.0% boron, ≥0.1% molybdenum, and ≥2% magnesium.

3. The application of the hydroponic nutrient solution for konjac varieties as described in any one of claims 1 to 2 in the rapid hydroponic cultivation of konjac varieties.

4. A method for rapid hydroponic cultivation of high-quality konjac seeds, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Disinfect konjac seeds with potassium permanganate solution to obtain sterile konjac seeds; (2) Mix the sterile konjac seeds with water and soak for 18-24 h to obtain water-absorbing konjac seeds; (3) Mix the water-absorbing konjac seeds with thiourea solution and soak for 6-8 hours to obtain konjac seeds ready to germinate; (4) Place the konjac seeds to be germinated in moist sand and cultivate for 4-6 days to obtain germinated konjac seeds; (5) Place the sprouted konjac seeds in a konjac hydroponic nutrient solution and culture for 60-75 days to obtain konjac seeds; The konjac hydroponic nutrient solution mentioned in step (5) is the konjac hydroponic nutrient solution described in any one of claims 1 to 2.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The potassium permanganate solution mentioned in step (1) is an aqueous solution of potassium permanganate; The initial concentration of the potassium permanganate solution is 0.05~0.1 wt%.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The water temperature in step (2) is 30~40℃; The thiourea solution in step (3) is an aqueous solution of thiourea; the initial concentration of the thiourea solution is 0.5~1.0 wt%.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The culture temperature in step (4) is 23~26℃; The culture temperature in step (5) is 23~26℃.

8. The superior konjac variety cultivated according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that, The corm weight of the superior konjac variety is ≥13.5 g.

9. A method for cultivating konjac, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: High-quality konjac seeds are planted in the field and harvested to obtain konjac. The improved konjac variety is the improved konjac variety cultivated according to the method described in any one of claims 4 to 7 or the improved konjac variety described in claim 8.