A multi-mode switching electrostatic precipitator dynamic control device

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field related to smoke separation and filtration, and discloses a multi-mode switching electrostatic precipitator dynamic control device. In order to solve the problem that the filter cannot adapt to various smoke environments, an electrostatic precipitator is placed inside a cylindrical bag dust collector, and a speed measuring fan blade for detecting the smoke flow rate is provided at the air inlet pipe. When the speed measuring fan blade rotates quickly, the electrostatic precipitator is started to start working, so as to clean up large particles of dust in the smoke and reduce the workload of subsequent bag dust collectors. The smoke treated by the electrostatic precipitator is finely filtered through the bag dust collector. Similarly, when the input air flow speed is slow, only bag dust filtering can be used to achieve smoke purification, thereby reducing the energy consumption and equipment wear generated by the electrostatic precipitator during application, and finally achieving the advantage of timely starting the bag / electrostatic precipitator filter.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field related to smoke separation and filtration, and in particular to a multi-mode switching electrostatic precipitator dynamic control device. Background Art

[0002] As a filtering device, dust collector plays an indispensable role in the field of air purification and is widely used in industrial production processes.

[0003] At present, the filter technology for smoke treatment is mainly divided into two categories: electrostatic precipitator and bag filter, each with its own characteristics and advantages. The electrostatic precipitator uses the principle of high-voltage electric field to charge the dust particles passing through it, and then guides them to the dust collecting plate under the action of the electric field force, achieving efficient and rapid dust collection, which is particularly suitable for handling high-temperature, high-concentration and large-particle dust. The bag filter, on the other hand, relies on the fiber layer densely distributed on the surface of the filter bag, through multiple mechanisms such as physical interception, inertial collision, diffusion deposition and electrostatic adsorption, to effectively capture and separate fine particles in the smoke, showing excellent filtering ability for fine dust particles.

[0004] However, in actual applications, electrostatic precipitators and bag filters are often operated as independent systems. This separate use model has certain limitations. When using an electrostatic precipitator alone, although it can effectively remove most dust, its filtering effect may not be satisfactory for ultrafine particles or smoke with special properties such as oil or water, resulting in a certain amount of fine particles in the exhaust smoke. On the contrary, although bag filters are good at handling fine dust, when faced with large particles of smoke, it will increase the load on the filter bag, accelerate the wear of the filter bag, and even cause blockage, affecting the overall filtration efficiency and stability. In the long run, it may also increase maintenance costs. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present application proposes a multi-mode switching electrostatic precipitator dynamic control device, which has the advantage of timely starting the bag / electrostatic precipitator filter, and is used to solve the problem that the filter mentioned in the above background technology cannot adapt to various smoke and dust environments.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application adopts the following technical scheme: a multi-mode switching electrostatic precipitator dynamic control device, comprising: a dust collection box, an air inlet pipe on the top inputs flue gas into the internal dust collection chamber, the flue gas is output from the exhaust pipe after being filtered, and the filtered smoke dust particles are discharged from the ash discharge pipe; a supporting top seat, which is fixed inside the dust collection box, and a speed measuring disc is connected to the inside by a bearing, a speed measuring fan blade is fixedly connected to the inside of the speed measuring disc, a detection pressure rod is movably installed on the side of the speed measuring disc, and a detection spring is connected between the detection pressure rod and the speed measuring disc; a detection switch, which is fixed at the end of the detection pressure rod, and when pressurized, the electrostatic precipitator will start working; a bag dust collector is used to absorb small particles in the flue gas. The invention relates to a dust collecting device for absorbing large particles of smoke, comprising: a support base, which is fixed on the inner bottom of the dust removal box and connected to the ash discharge pipe at the bottom; a dust collecting bag, which is fixed on the top of the support base and the top of the dust collecting bag is installed on the bottom of the support top seat through a bag lifting seat; an electrostatic precipitator, which is used to absorb large particles of smoke in the flue gas, comprising: a dust collecting plate, on which dust collecting springs are respectively installed at the upper and lower ends, the top dust collecting spring is connected to the bag lifting seat, the bottom dust collecting spring is connected to the inner top of the support base, and the dust collecting plate is located on the inner side of the dust collecting bag; a corona coil, which is fixed on the inner top of the support base and the corona coil is located on the inner side of the dust collecting plate; the detection switch, the corona coil and the dust collecting plate are connected to the power supply.

[0007] Furthermore, when the air flow rate of the intake pipe input decreases, the detection switch is not started, the corona coil and the dust collecting plate do not work, and the filtration is in single filter bag mode; when the air flow rate of the intake pipe input increases, the detection switch is started, the corona coil and the dust collecting plate work, and the filtration is in the electric-filter bag combination mode.

[0008] Furthermore, there are multiple dust collecting plates, and the multiple dust collecting plates are distributed at equal angles.

[0009] Furthermore, a cleaning piston is movably installed at the bottom of the support top seat, the bottom of the cleaning piston is fixedly connected to the bag pulling seat, a return coil located above the cleaning piston is fixedly installed on the inner side of the support top seat, the return coil is electrically connected to the power supply, and when the return coil is energized, it generates magnetic attraction and attracts the cleaning piston upward; a retraction switch located below the cleaning piston is fixedly installed on the inner side of the support top seat.

[0010] Furthermore, a plurality of cleaning hammers are vertically and equidistantly arranged on the inner side of the dust collecting bag.

[0011] Furthermore, an adjusting air cavity communicating with the top chamber of the cleaning piston is opened inside the support top seat, and a pressure-relieving hole is opened on the side of the support top seat; a gas transmission telescopic pipe is fixedly installed on the side of the support top seat, and the top of the gas transmission telescopic pipe and the adjusting air cavity are connected by a connecting air pipe, and a bag baffle ring frame is fixedly installed on the bottom of the gas transmission telescopic pipe; an air dividing ring cavity is opened inside the bag baffle ring frame, and an air jet hole facing the dust collecting plate is opened on the inner side of the bag baffle ring frame.

[0012] Furthermore, there are two baffle ring frames, and the two air dividing ring cavities are connected by an air dividing pipe.

[0013] Furthermore, a bag blocking rod is fixed on the bag blocking ring frame, and the bag blocking rod is located on the outside of the dust collecting bag, and a gas collecting telescopic tube is fixedly installed on the top of the bag blocking rod; an air leakage hole is opened on the inner side of the gas collecting telescopic tube, and a switching baffle is movably installed on the inner side of the gas collecting telescopic tube, and the switching baffle is pressed against the inner side of the gas collecting telescopic tube by a fastening screw; a switching air hole is opened on the surface of the switching baffle; a lifting rod air cavity communicating with the inside of the gas collecting telescopic tube is opened inside the support top seat, and one-way air valves are installed on the upper and lower ends of the lifting rod air cavity, the middle part of the lifting rod air cavity is communicated with the adjustment air cavity, and a gas collecting piston is movably installed in the adjustment air cavity; a return roller is movably installed on the top of the gas collecting piston, and a reset gear ring located on the outer side of the speed measuring disc is movably installed on the inner side of the support top seat.

[0014] Furthermore, the gas collecting piston is in an "L" shape.

[0015] Furthermore, a driving inner tooth is arranged at the top of the inner side of the reset gear ring, and the driving inner tooth is located on the outer side of the detection switch. A reset push tooth is arranged at the bottom of the inner side of the reset gear ring, and the shape of the reset push tooth is triangular.

[0016] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] The present application provides a multi-mode switching electrostatic precipitator dynamic control device, which innovatively integrates the electrostatic precipitator into a cylindrical bag filter to form an integrated purification system. A speed measuring fan blade is installed at the entrance of the air intake duct to monitor and feedback the flow rate information of the smoke in real time. When the speed measuring fan blade shows a higher airflow rate due to high-speed rotation, this directly indicates that the amount of airflow passing through per unit time has increased significantly, which means that the amount of smoke carried has also increased significantly accordingly.

[0018] In this case, the speed measuring fan blade drives the speed measuring disc to rotate synchronously through the mechanical linkage mechanism, generating sufficient centrifugal force to act on the detection pressure rod. Under the action of centrifugal force, the detection pressure rod overcomes the spring resistance, pushes outward and triggers the detection switch. Once the detection switch is activated, the electrostatic precipitator working mode is automatically started, giving priority to efficient removal of large dust particles in the airflow, effectively reducing the working pressure and burden of the subsequent bag dust collector, and improving the overall dust removal efficiency.

[0019] The dust content of the flue gas after preliminary treatment by the electrostatic precipitator has been greatly reduced, and then it enters the bag dust collector for more fine filtration to ensure that the final emitted flue gas meets higher environmental protection standards.

[0020] On the contrary, when the air flow speed slows down, the speed measuring fan blades rotate slowly, and the centrifugal force generated is not enough to push the detection lever to trigger the detection switch, the system intelligently adjusts to the bag dust removal filtering mode only. This design not only avoids unnecessary startup of the electrostatic precipitator under low load conditions, thereby significantly reducing energy consumption and equipment wear, but also realizes intelligent control of the dust removal strategy that can be flexibly adjusted according to actual working conditions, achieving the dual goals of energy saving and emission reduction and efficient dust removal. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The accompanying drawings, which constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments disclosed in the present application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles disclosed in the present application.

[0022] The present application can be more clearly understood from the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall external three-dimensional structure;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall internal three-dimensional cross-sectional structure;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the overall front cross-sectional structure;

[0026] Figure 4 for Figure 3 The enlarged structural diagram at E in the middle;

[0027] Figure 5 for Figure 3 The enlarged structural diagram at F in the middle;

[0028] Figure 6 for Figure 3 The enlarged structural diagram at G in the middle;

[0029] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the overall distribution of the three-dimensional structure of the bag blocking rod;

[0030] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the speed measuring disc;

[0031] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure between the support top seat and the support base;

[0032] Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of the air path of the rising rod air cavity;

[0033] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the reset gear ring.

[0034] In the figure: 1. dust removal box; 100. dust removal chamber; 101. air inlet pipe; 102. exhaust pipe; 103. dust discharge pipe; 2. speed measuring plate; 200. speed measuring fan blade; 3. reset gear ring; 301. reset push gear; 302. drive inner gear; 4. support top seat; 400. adjustment air chamber; 401. lifting rod air chamber; 402. one-way air valve; 403. pressure relief hole; 5. retreat switch; 6. dust cleaning piston; 7. bag lifting seat; 8. dust collecting electric plate; 800. dust collecting spring; 9. dust collecting bag; 901. Dust-cleaning hammer; 10. Support base; 11. Bag retaining ring frame; 110. Air distribution ring cavity; 111. Jet hole; 112. Air distribution pipe; 12. Corona coil; 13. Bag retaining rod; 14. Return coil; 15. Air collecting piston; 150. Return roller; 16. Detection pressure rod; 160. Detection spring; 161. Detection switch; 17. Switching baffle; 170. Switching air hole; 171. Fastening screw; 18. Air collecting telescopic pipe; 180. Air vent; 19. Air transmission telescopic pipe; 190. Connecting air pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application. Embodiment 1

[0036] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 It can be seen that an air intake pipe 101 for conveying smoke into the dust removal chamber 100 is fixedly installed on the top of the dust removal box 1. The air intake pipe 101 is generally connected to multiple external fans, and the fans are used to convey the smoke into the dust removal chamber 100 for filtering and dust removal. The smoke after dust removal in the dust removal chamber 100 is output from the exhaust pipe 102 fixed on the side of the dust removal box 1, and the filtered smoke particles are discharged through the dust discharge pipe 103 fixed at the bottom of the dust removal box 1.

[0037] In actual application, due to the different number of fans started, the amount of air delivered to the dust removal chamber 100 will change. In order to achieve efficient and energy-saving dust removal, Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 It can be clearly seen that the dust removal box 1 has a support top seat 4 fixed by bolts, and the inner side of the support top seat 4 has a speed measuring disc 2 connected by a bearing. Figure 8As shown, a speed measuring blade 200 is fixedly connected to the inner side of the speed measuring disc 2, and the speed measuring blade 200 is directly opposite to the lower side of the air intake pipe 101. When smoke and dust flow is input into the air intake pipe 101, the speed measuring blade 200 is pushed to rotate. A detection pressure rod 16 is movably installed on the side of the speed measuring disc 2, and the central axis of the detection pressure rod 16 points to the central axis of the speed measuring disc 2. A detection spring 160 is connected between the detection pressure rod 16 and the speed measuring disc 2. When the speed measuring disc 2 rotates at a high speed, the centrifugal force exerted on the detection pressure rod 16 will overcome the elastic force of the detection spring 160, so that the detection switch 161 fixed at the end of the detection pressure rod 16 will be pushed to the inner side of the supporting top seat 4 until the detection switch 161 is activated; similarly, when the speed measuring disc 2 rotates at a low speed, the centrifugal force exerted on the detection pressure rod 16 is not sufficient to overcome the elastic force of the detection spring 160, which will cause the detection pressure rod 16 to pull the detection switch 161 back to the inner side of the speed measuring disc 2 when the speed measuring disc 2 rotates at a low speed, and the detection switch 161 will stop working if it is not squeezed.

[0038] The inner bottom of the dust removal box 1 is provided with a support base 10 fixedly connected by bolts. Figure 2 and Figure 3 It can be seen that the ash discharge pipe 103 is located at the bottom of the support base 10, and a dust collecting bag 9 is fixedly connected to the top of the support base 10. The top of the dust collecting bag 9 is installed at the bottom of the support top seat 4 according to the bag lifting seat 7. In detail, the dust collecting bag 9 and the bag lifting seat 7 are fixedly connected to ensure that the airflow input in the air intake pipe 101 drives the speed measuring fan blades 200 to rotate, and the airflow will be input to the inside of the dust collecting bag 9, and the dust collecting bag 9 will filter the smaller dust particles in the flue gas, and the flue gas filtered by the dust collecting bag 9 will be output from the exhaust pipe 102, and the filtered dust particles will accumulate inside the support base 10. Under normal circumstances, the ash discharge pipe 103 is in a closed state. When the collected smoke particles need to be cleaned, only the ash discharge pipe 103 needs to be opened, and the dust particles in the support base 10 can be discharged to the outside under the influence of their own gravity.

[0039] In order to reduce the filtering burden of the dust collecting bag 9 under high flue gas flow, combined with Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Fig. 9 It can be seen that there is a dust collecting spring 800 connected by a bracket on the inner top of the support base 10, and the top of the dust collecting spring 800 is fixedly connected to a dust collecting plate 8 close to the inner side of the dust collecting bag 9. In order to ensure that the dust collecting plate 8 is fixed relatively stably, Fig. 9It can be seen that the top of the dust collecting plate 8 is connected between the dust collecting spring 800 and the bag pulling seat 7, and the dust collecting plate 8 can be better limited by the dust collecting springs 800 at both ends of the dust collecting plate 8. Generally speaking, there are multiple dust collecting plates 8, and the multiple dust collecting plates 8 are distributed at equal angles. The actual arrangement quantity can be rationally modified according to on-site needs. Correspondingly, there is a corona coil 12 fixed by a bracket on the inner side of the support base 10, and the corona coil 12 is located on the inner side of the dust collecting plate 8. Combined with the above, the detection switch 161, the corona coil 12 and the dust collecting plate 8 are connected to the power supply. Specifically, when the detection switch 161 is pressed and started, the corona coil 12 and the dust collecting plate 8 work synchronously; similarly, when the detection switch 161 stops, the corona coil 12 and the dust collecting plate 8 will no longer work.

[0040] Specifically, the air intake pipe 101 is connected to a plurality of external fans, and the actual air volume input into the air intake pipe 101 is different due to the limitation of the actual working number of the fans:

[0041] When the input airflow is large, the airflow blows the speed measuring blade 200 to increase its rotation intensity, and the speed measuring blade 200 drives the speed measuring disk 2 to rotate rapidly. The centrifugal force on the detection pressure rod 16 is sufficient to overcome the elastic force of the detection spring 160, forcing the detection pressure rod 16 to push the detection switch 161 outward until the detection switch 161 reaches the support top seat 4. The detection switch 161 is started, and the corona coil 12 and the dust collecting plate 8 start to work. After the airflow passes through the speed measuring blade 200, it will first pass through the corona coil 12, and collide with the positive and negative ions and electrons between the electrodes to be charged. The dust particles carrying electrons and ions will be adsorbed by the dust collecting plate 8, so that large dust particles are filtered. Afterwards, the airflow passing through the dust collecting plate 8 will pass through the dust collecting bag 9, and the dust collecting bag 9 can filter smaller dust particles. Finally, the filtered flue gas is output from the exhaust pipe 102.

[0042] Similarly, when the input airflow is small, it is only necessary to filter through the dust collecting bag 9. During this process, the centrifugal force exerted on the detection pressure rod 16 is not sufficient to overcome the elastic force of the detection spring 160, so that the detection switch 161 stops working, and finally the corona coil 12 and the dust collecting plate 8 stop working. At this time, smoke filtering is only performed through the dust collecting bag 9.

[0043] From the above, it can be seen that in the application process, the first embodiment can autonomously sense the airflow input. When the smoke airflow input is large, the electric dust collector is used to filter first, thereby alleviating the pressure of the bag dust removal. At the same time, when the smoke airflow input is small, the smoke filtering work can be satisfied only by the dust collecting bag 9, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the corona coil 12 and the dust collecting plate 8 when working, and achieving the purpose of energy saving. Embodiment 2

[0044] Further improvements are made based on Example 1. Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Fig. 9 It can be clearly seen that a cleaning piston 6 is movably installed at the bottom of the support top seat 4, and the cleaning piston 6 can reciprocate up and down along the center line of the support top seat 4. The bottom of the cleaning piston 6 is fixedly connected to the bag lifting seat 7. When the cleaning piston 6 moves up and down, the bag lifting seat 7 can move up and down synchronously. A return coil 14 located above the cleaning piston 6 is fixedly installed on the inner side of the support top seat 4. The return coil 14 is electrically connected to the power supply. When the return coil 14 is energized, it will generate magnetism and attract the cleaning piston 6 to move upward. In order to accurately control the start and stop of the return coil 14, combined with Figure 5 It can be clearly seen that a retraction switch 5 located below the cleaning piston 6 is fixedly installed on the inner side of the support top seat 4, and after the retraction switch 5 is pressed, the return coil 14 will be started for a specified time. The starting time can be adjusted according to actual conditions. What needs to be ensured is that during the working time of the return coil 14, the cleaning piston 6 can be attached to the return coil 14 to ensure that the cleaning piston 6 has sufficient upward time / strength.

[0045] In order to facilitate the cleaning of the smoke and dust particles adsorbed on the dust collecting plate 8 and the dust collecting bag 9, Figure 3 , Figure 6 and Fig. 9 It can be clearly seen that a plurality of cleaning hammers 901 are arranged vertically and equidistantly inside the dust collecting bag 9. The cleaning hammers 901 are generally arranged corresponding to the dust collecting electric plate 8. Under normal conditions, the cleaning hammers 901 are arranged in a vertical and equidistant manner inside the dust collecting bag 9. Figure 2 and Figure 3 It can be seen that the elastic force of the dust collecting spring 800 will push the bag pulling seat 7 and the cleaning piston 6 to move upward until the cleaning piston 6 sticks to the return coil 14. At this time, the dust collecting bag 9 is cylindrical, and the dust collecting bag 9 pushes the cleaning hammer 901 to the side of the dust collecting plate 8.

[0046] As the filtering time increases, smoke particles will gather on the inner side of the dust bag 9. When the dust bag 9 gathers a lot of smoke, the smoke inside the dust bag 9 cannot be transported to the exhaust pipe 102. As the fan continuously delivers smoke through the air inlet pipe 101, the smoke pressure inside the dust bag 9 is forced to increase. The dust bag 9 expands outwards under the influence of the increased pressure and pulls the bag pull seat 7 downward to compress the dust collecting spring 800. The cleaning hammer 901 follows the dust bag 9 and moves relatively away from the dust collecting plate 8. The bag pull seat 7 will synchronously drive the cleaning piston 6 to move downward until the cleaning piston 6 contacts the retraction switch 5, and the retraction switch 5 is activated for a specified time. After the retraction switch 5 is activated, the return coil 14 is connected and generates magnetism. The cleaning piston 6 moves upward rapidly under the magnetic force, thereby pulling the bag pull seat 7 and the dust bag 9 upward. After the top of the dust collecting bag 9 is pulled, it will be forced to move toward the dust collecting plate 8 again until the cleaning hammer 901 hits the dust collecting plate 8.

[0047] The dust collecting plate 8 and the dust collecting bag 9 vibrate when impacted, and the smoke and dust inside the dust collecting bag 9 and on the surface of the dust collecting plate 8 are detached due to the vibration, and finally the smoke and dust particles gather in the supporting base 10, thereby cleaning the smoke and dust gathered on the dust collecting plate 8 and the dust collecting bag 9.

[0048] During the application of the second embodiment, the elastic force provided by the dust collecting spring 800 is used as the basis for determining whether the dust collecting bag 9 is blocked. When the air supply of the dust collecting bag 9 is blocked, the dust collecting spring 800 is compressed by the bag lifting seat 7, so that the cleaning piston 6 moves downward and approaches the retraction switch 5. The return coil 14 generates a magnetic attraction to enhance the upward movement strength of the cleaning piston 6. Finally, the dust collecting plate 8 is knocked by the cleaning hammer 901 to complete the cleaning of the dust collecting bag 9 and the dust collecting plate 8. Since the upper and lower ends of the dust collecting plate 8 are fixed by the dust collecting spring 800 when the cleaning hammer 901 hits the dust collecting plate 8, in this case, the dust collecting spring 800 acts as an elastic element, providing the dust collecting plate 8 with a greater degree of freedom of vibration. When the dust collecting plate 8 is knocked, the dust collecting spring 800 can absorb and store the knocking energy, and then release it in the form of vibration. Due to the elastic effect of the dust collecting spring 800, the vibration amplitude and range of the dust collecting plate 8 will increase, and the vibration can last longer. This continuous and large-amplitude vibration is more conducive to shaking off the dust on the dust collecting plate 8. At the same time, when the dust collecting plate 8 is repeatedly vibrated by the elastic force of the dust collecting spring 800, it will also hit the cleaning hammer 901, thereby increasing the shaking frequency of the dust collecting bag 9, thereby increasing the cleaning frequency of the dust collecting bag 9. Embodiment 3

[0049] Further improvements are made based on Example 2. Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 7It can be clearly seen that an adjusting air cavity 400 communicating with the top chamber of the cleaning piston 6 is opened inside the supporting top seat 4, and a pressure-relieving hole 403 communicating with the adjusting air cavity 400 is opened on the side of the supporting top seat 4. The pressure-relieving hole 403 is located above the cleaning piston 6. Since the aperture of the pressure-relieving hole 403 is relatively small, when the cleaning piston 6 moves downward, air can be slowly introduced through the pressure-relieving hole 403. When the cleaning piston 6 is magnetically attracted by the return coil 14 and moves upward rapidly, the airflow in the adjusting air cavity 400 cannot quickly overflow from the pressure-relieving hole 403 in a short time.

[0050] The side of the support top seat 4 is fixedly installed with a gas delivery telescopic pipe 19, the top of the gas delivery telescopic pipe 19 is connected to the adjustment air cavity 400 through a connecting air pipe 190, and the bottom of the gas delivery telescopic pipe 19 is fixedly installed with a bag retaining ring frame 11. Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 6 It can be seen that there are two bag baffle ring frames 11, and both bag baffle ring frames 11 have air dividing ring cavities 110 formed inside. The two bag baffle ring frames 11 are arranged up and down, and the two air dividing ring cavities 110 are connected by air dividing pipes 112. At the same time, both bag baffle ring frames 11 have air injection holes 111 formed inside toward the dust collecting plate 8. The air dividing ring cavities 110 formed inside the bag baffle ring frame 11 are connected to the air transmission telescopic pipe 19. When the dust collecting cloth bag 9 pulls the dust cleaning piston 6 downward due to poor ventilation, the pressure relief holes 403 can be used to replenish air flow into the adjustment air cavity 400. When the cleaning piston 6 contacts the retraction switch 5, causing the return coil 14 to be energized and started, the cleaning piston 6 will move upward rapidly, on the one hand achieving the contents described in Example 2, and on the other hand, the upward moving cleaning piston 6 will cause the airflow to be rapidly input to the gas transmission telescopic pipe 19 through the connecting air pipe 190, and the gas transmission telescopic pipe 19 inputs the airflow into the two air distribution ring cavities 110, and finally, the airflow is ejected from the jet hole 111 to the outer side of the dust collecting bag 9. Since the smoke particles are filtered on the inner side of the dust collecting bag 9, when an airflow of a certain pressure is input to the outer side, the airflow is used to reversely impact the filtering part of the dust collecting bag 9, thereby increasing the cleaning strength of the dust collecting bag 9.

[0051] On this basis, in order to further clean the smoke and dust particles accumulated on the inner side of the dust collecting bag 9, refer to Figure 7 It can be seen that a plurality of bag blocking rods 13 arranged at equal angles are fixedly installed on the top of the uppermost bag blocking ring frame 11, and correspondingly, a corresponding bag blocking rod 13 is fixedly installed on the bottom of the lowermost bag blocking ring frame 11. Figure 3As can be seen in the figure, the bag blocking rod 13 is located outside the dust bag 9. When the inner side of the dust bag 9 expands outward due to the airflow, the bag blocking rod 13 blocks the dust bag 9 from expanding outward, thereby limiting the expandable part of the dust bag 9 to be only between the bag blocking ring frame 11. When the bag blocking ring frame 11 is controlled to move up and down, the degree of expansion of different parts of the dust bag 9 can be controlled. In order to facilitate the movement of the bag blocking rod 13, combined with Figure 7 It can be seen that a gas collecting telescopic pipe 18 is fixedly installed on the top of the bag blocking rod 13. Figure 3 and Figure 4 It can be seen that an air leakage hole 180 is provided on the inner side of the gas collecting telescopic tube 18, and the air leakage hole 180 can be used to release the air flow inside the gas collecting telescopic tube 18 to the outside. In order to control the on and off of the air leakage hole 180, a switching baffle 17 is movably installed on the inner side of the gas collecting telescopic tube 18, and the switching baffle 17 is pressed against the inner side of the gas collecting telescopic tube 18 by the fastening screw 171. Since a positioning seat with a rectangular bottom and a threaded rod at the top extends out from the inner side of the gas collecting telescopic tube 18, when the fastening screw 171 is screwed to the threaded rod, there is a certain friction between the switching baffle 17 and the inner side of the gas collecting telescopic tube 18, and the switching baffle 17 moves along the gas collecting telescopic tube 18. After the rectangular block inside the gas telescopic tube 18 moves vertically up and down, it is restricted by the friction between the two, so that the switching baffle 17 is restricted to the position after the movement. At the same time, a switching air hole 170 is opened on the surface of the switching baffle 17. When the switching baffle 17 moves upward along the gas collecting telescopic tube 18, the side of the switching baffle 17 can block the leakage hole 180, so that the airflow inside the gas collecting telescopic tube 18 cannot be discharged from the leakage hole 180; similarly, when the switching baffle 17 moves downward, the switching air hole 170 and the leakage hole 180 are connected, so that the airflow inside the gas collecting telescopic tube 18 can be discharged outward.

[0052] For the air flow supplement in the air collecting telescopic pipe 18, combined with Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Fig. 9 It can be seen that the support top seat 4 is provided with a lifting rod air cavity 401 which is communicated with the inside of the gas collecting telescopic tube 18, and a one-way air valve 402 is fixedly installed between the lifting rod air cavity 401 and the gas collecting telescopic tube 18. Correspondingly, a one-way air valve 402 is also installed at the bottom of the lifting rod air cavity 401, so that the adjustment air cavity 400 can inhale air from the one-way air valve 402 below and transport it to the gas collecting telescopic tube 18 from the one-way air valve 402 above. Fig.10 It can be clearly seen that the middle of the lifting rod air chamber 401 is connected to the adjustment air chamber 400, and the adjustment air chamber 400 is movably equipped with a gas collecting piston 15, which is in an "L" shape. Figure 5It can be seen that when the return coil 14 pulls the cleaning piston 6 to move upward, the airflow above the cleaning piston 6 will push the air collecting piston 15 to move to the right. On the one hand, the airflow above the cleaning piston 6 can be transported to the telescopic air pipe 19 through the connecting air pipe 190, so as to be ejected from the jet hole 111 later to realize airflow recoil clearing. On the other hand, when the air collecting piston 15 moves to the right, the airflow pressure in the lifting rod air cavity 401 is reduced, and the lifting rod air cavity 401 inhales airflow from the one-way air valve 402 at the bottom. In order to enable the airflow in the lifting rod air cavity 401 to be pressed into the telescopic air collecting pipe 18, a return roller 150 is movably installed on the top of the air collecting piston 15. At the same time, a reset gear ring 3 located on the outer side of the speed measuring disc 2 is movably installed on the inner side of the support top seat 4, as shown in FIG. Fig.11 As shown, a full circle of driving inner teeth 302 is arranged at the top of the inner side of the reset gear ring 3, and the driving inner teeth 302 are located outside the end of the detection switch 161. A reset push tooth 301 is arranged at the bottom of the inner side of the reset gear ring 3. The shape of the reset push tooth 301 is triangular. When the inclined surface of the reset push tooth 301 pushes the return roller 150, the return roller 150 can be pushed to the left, forcing the air collecting piston 15 to squeeze the air flow in the lifting rod air cavity 401, so that the air flow can be input into the air collecting telescopic tube 18.

[0053] In actual application, the air inlet pipe 101 is connected to multiple external fans. Due to the change of the air flow rate input by the air inlet pipe 101, the dust removal box 1 can work in different modes:

[0054] Single-mode dust removal by filter bag: When the amount of smoke input into the air inlet pipe 101 is small, the airflow pushes the speed measuring fan blade 200 to reduce its rotation speed, and the detection pressure rod 16 is affected by the centrifugal force and cannot overcome the elastic force of the detection spring 160. The detection switch 161 will not extend outward, and the corona coil 12 and the dust collecting plate 8 will not start. At this time, only the dust collecting bag 9 is relied on for filtering and dust removal. Finally, the smoke after dust removal is output from the exhaust pipe 102.

[0055] Dust removal in the combination mode of electric-filter bag: When the amount of flue gas input into the air intake pipe 101 is large, the airflow pushes the speed measuring fan blade 200 to rotate at an increased speed, the detection pressure rod 16 overcomes the elastic force of the detection spring 160 under the influence of centrifugal force, the detection switch 161 extends outward and contacts the reset gear ring 3, the detection switch 161 is pressed and started, and the corona coil 12 and the dust collecting plate 8 start to work synchronously. The flue gas first passes through the dust collecting plate 8 to adsorb large particles of smoke, and the smoke passing through the dust collecting plate 8 is transported to the dust collecting bag 9, and the dust collecting bag 9 is used to filter the small particles of smoke in the smoke. Finally, the filtered smoke is discharged from the exhaust pipe 102.

[0056] The cleaning status of the dust collecting bag 9 and the dust collecting plate 8: as the dust collecting bag 9 filters the smoke particles, the smoke particles will gather on the inner side of the dust collecting bag 9, thereby affecting the transportation of smoke to the exhaust pipe 102. As the dust collecting bag 9 transports the airflow smoothly, the internal smoke pressure will gradually increase, forcing the dust collecting bag 9 to expand outwards. Since the bag blocking rod 13 is placed on the outer side of the dust collecting bag 9, the dust collecting bag 9 on the inner side of the bag blocking rod 13 is prevented from expanding outwards. At the same time, since there is a gap between the two bag blocking ring frames 11, the dust collecting bag 9 at this part can expand outwards. The outward expansion of the dust collecting bag 9 will cause the cleaning hammer 901 to move away from the dust collecting plate 8, and the dust collecting bag 9 will pull the cleaning piston 6 downward through the bag lifting seat 7, so that the cleaning piston 6 gradually approaches the retraction switch 5. At the same time, the pressure-relieving hole 403 is used to replenish the airflow to the chamber above the cleaning piston 6. As the cleaning piston 6 contacts the retract switch 5, the return coil 14 is activated and magnetically attracts the cleaning piston 6. The cleaning piston 6 pulls the bag lifting seat 7 to move upward rapidly, so that the airflow on the top of the cleaning piston 6 pushes the gas collecting piston 15 to move to the right until the airflow can flow into the connecting air pipe 190, and the airflow is input into the gas transmission telescopic pipe 19 through the connecting air pipe 190. The airflow finally enters the air distribution ring cavity 110 and is ejected from the jet hole 111, thereby performing airflow recoil clearing; as the bag lifting seat 7 pulls the dust collecting bag 9 to move upward, the dust collecting bag 9 that expands outward pulls the cleaning hammer 901 to hit the dust collecting plate 8, and the vibration generated by the impact between the dust collecting bag 9 and the dust collecting plate 8 is cleaned, and finally, the cleaned smoke and dust particles are gathered in the supporting base 10.

[0057] Combination Figure 5It can be seen that when the air collecting piston 15 moves to the right, the air flow pressure in the lifting rod air chamber 401 will be reduced, causing the lifting rod air chamber 401 to inhale air flow through the one-way air valve 402 below. The air collecting piston 15 will also drive the return roller 150 to move to the right until the return roller 150 is close to the inner side of the reset gear ring 3. When the speed measuring disc 2 rotates too fast, the detection switch 161 contacts the driving inner teeth 302, and the driving inner teeth 302 cause the reset gear ring 3 and the reset push gear 301 to rotate with the speed measuring disc 2. When the detection switch 161 contacts the driving inner teeth 302, it means that the rotation of the speed measuring disc 2 has a certain strength. When the speed measuring disc 2 drives the reset push gear 301 to rotate, the inclined surface of the reset push gear 301 will push the gas collecting piston 15 to move to the left, and the gas collecting piston 15 squeezes the air flow in the lifting rod air cavity 401. The air flow is pressed into the inner side of the gas collecting telescopic tube 18 through the one-way air valve 402 above the lifting rod air cavity 401, and the air flow in the gas collecting telescopic tube 18 increases, forcing it to extend upward. Since the gas collecting telescopic tube 18 can pull the bag blocking rod 13 upward after extending upward, the bag blocking ring frame 11 moves upward synchronously, and the area between the bag blocking ring frames 11 rises relatively. Since the upward power of the bag blocking rod 13 pulling the bag blocking ring frame 11 is based on the detection pressure rod 16 being subjected to the centrifugal force to push the detection switch 161 into the driving inner tooth 302, if the dust collecting bag 9 expands due to other reasons, the resistance between the dust collecting bag 9 and the bag blocking rod 13 is too large, the strength of the reset push tooth 301 to push the air collecting piston 15 to reset is also relatively large. When the resistance exceeds the centrifugal force exerted on the detection pressure rod 16, the detection switch 161 moves along the driving inner tooth 302 to move the detection switch 161 toward the speed measuring disk 2, thereby preventing the air collecting piston 15 from forcibly inputting air into the air collecting telescopic tube 18, causing the bag blocking rod 13 to be lifted up with excessive strength, resulting in damage to the dust collecting bag 9.

[0058] When the bag retaining ring frame 11 moves upward, it will affect the part of the dust collecting bag 9 that expands outward. Combined with what is said in the above embodiment, the dust collecting bag 9 and the dust collecting plate 8 perform cleaning work based on the vibration generated by the impact of the cleaning hammer 901. As the bag retaining ring frame 11 moves upward, each outer side of the dust collecting bag 9 can expand to the maximum extent, thereby increasing the intensity of the impact of the cleaning hammer 901 on the dust collecting plate 8.

[0059] Gas leakage control of the gas collecting telescopic tube 18: In combination with the above, as the air flow in the lifting rod air cavity 401 is pressed into the gas collecting telescopic tube 18, the gas flow in the gas collecting telescopic tube 18 increases and the tube will be stretched upward. At this time, the switching air hole 170 is located above the leakage hole 180, and the side of the switching baffle 17 blocks the leakage hole 180. Figure 2 and Figure 3It can be seen that as the gas collecting telescopic tube 18 continues to move upward, the switching baffle 17 will eventually reach the inner top of the dust removal box 1, and the upward moving gas collecting telescopic tube 18 will move relative to the switching baffle 17 until the air leakage hole 180 and the switching air hole 170 are connected. After that, the air flow inside the gas collecting telescopic tube 18 will overflow from the air leakage hole 180 and the switching air hole 170 under the influence of the gravity of the bag blocking rod 13, and the gas collecting telescopic tube 18 begins to contract and drive the bag blocking rod 13 to move downward until the bag blocking ring frame 11 moves to the outer bottom of the dust collecting bag 9. At this time, the bottom of the switching baffle 17 will reach the top of the supporting top seat 4, and with the relative movement between the gas collecting telescopic tube 18 and the switching baffle 17, the side of the switching baffle 17 will block the air leakage hole 180 again, and when the air flow in the lifting rod air cavity 401 is input into the gas collecting telescopic tube 18, the gas collecting telescopic tube 18 can be stretched upward again.

[0060] Dust removal state: it is only necessary to open the dust discharge pipe 103, and the smoke and dust particles deposited in the support base 10 are discharged outwards under their own gravity.

Claims

1. A multi-mode switching electrostatic precipitator dynamic control device, characterized in that: include: A dust removal box (1), wherein an air inlet pipe (101) at the top inputs flue gas into an internal dust removal chamber (100), the flue gas is filtered and then output from an exhaust pipe (102), and the filtered smoke particles are discharged from an ash discharge pipe (103); The support top seat (4) is fixed inside the dust removal box (1), and the inner side is connected to a speed measuring disc (2) by means of a bearing, the inner side of the speed measuring disc (2) is fixedly connected to a speed measuring fan blade (200), a detection pressure rod (16) is movably mounted on the side of the speed measuring disc (2), and a detection spring (160) is connected between the detection pressure rod (16) and the speed measuring disc (2); A detection switch (161) is fixed to the end of the detection pressure rod (16), and when pressed, the electrostatic precipitator starts to work; Bag filter, used to absorb small particles of smoke in the flue gas, including: A support base (10) is fixed to the inner bottom of the dust removal box (1), and the bottom of the support base (10) is connected to the dust discharge pipe (103); A dust collecting bag (9) is fixed to the top of the supporting base (10), and the top of the dust collecting bag (9) is mounted on the bottom of the supporting top base (4) via a bag lifting seat (7); Electrostatic precipitator, used to absorb large particles of smoke in the flue gas, including: A dust collecting plate (8) is provided with dust collecting springs (800) at the upper and lower ends respectively, the top dust collecting spring (800) is connected to the bag lifting seat (7), the bottom dust collecting spring (800) is connected to the inner top of the support base (10), and the dust collecting plate (8) is located on the inner side of the dust collecting bag (9); A corona coil (12) is fixed to the inner top of the support base (10), and the corona coil (12) is located on the inner side of the dust collecting plate (8); The detection switch (161), the corona coil (12) and the dust collecting plate (8) are connected to a power source; A cleaning piston (6) is movably mounted on the bottom of the support top seat (4), the bottom of the cleaning piston (6) is fixedly connected to the bag lifting seat (7), a return coil (14) located above the cleaning piston (6) is fixedly mounted on the inner side of the support top seat (4), the return coil (14) is electrically connected to a power source, and when the return coil (14) is energized, magnetic attraction is generated to attract the cleaning piston (6) upward; a retraction switch (5) located below the cleaning piston (6) is fixedly mounted on the inner side of the support top seat (4); An adjustment air chamber (400) communicating with the top chamber of the dust cleaning piston (6) is provided inside the support top seat (4), and a pressure relief hole (403) is provided on the side of the support top seat (4); A gas transmission telescopic pipe (19) is fixedly mounted on the side of the support top seat (4); the top of the gas transmission telescopic pipe (19) and the adjustment air cavity (400) are connected via a connecting air pipe (190); and a bag retaining ring frame (11) is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the gas transmission telescopic pipe (19); An air dividing ring cavity (110) is provided inside the bag retaining ring frame (11), and an air injection hole (111) is provided on the inner side of the bag retaining ring frame (11) facing the dust collecting electric plate (8); A bag blocking rod (13) is fixed on the bag blocking ring frame (11), the bag blocking rod (13) is located outside the dust collecting bag (9), and a gas collecting telescopic pipe (18) is fixedly installed on the top of the bag blocking rod (13); An air leakage hole (180) is provided on the inner side of the gas collecting telescopic tube (18), a switching baffle (17) is movably mounted on the inner side of the gas collecting telescopic tube (18), and the switching baffle (17) is pressed against the inner side of the gas collecting telescopic tube (18) by means of a fastening screw (171); A switching air hole (170) is provided on the surface of the switching baffle (17); A lifting rod air chamber (401) communicating with the interior of the air collecting telescopic tube (18) is provided inside the support top seat (4), and one-way air valves (402) are installed at the upper and lower ends of the lifting rod air chamber (401), the middle of the lifting rod air chamber (401) is communicated with the adjustment air chamber (400), and a gas collecting piston (15) is movably installed in the adjustment air chamber (400); A return roller (150) is movably mounted on the top of the gas collecting piston (15), and a reset gear ring (3) located on the outer side of the speed measuring disc (2) is movably mounted on the inner side of the supporting top seat (4); A plurality of dust cleaning hammers (901) are vertically and equidistantly arranged inside the dust collecting bag (9); A driving inner tooth (302) is arranged at the top of the inner side of the reset gear ring (3), and the driving inner tooth (302) is located on the outer side of the detection switch (161). A reset push tooth (301) is arranged at the bottom of the inner side of the reset gear ring (3), and the reset push tooth (301) is in a triangular shape. When the reset push tooth (301) is driven to rotate by the speed measuring disc (2), the inclined surface of the reset push tooth (301) will push the gas collecting piston (15) to move to the left.

2. The multi-mode switching electrostatic precipitator dynamic control device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: When the air flow rate of the air inlet pipe (101) decreases, the detection switch (161) is not activated, the corona coil (12) and the dust collecting plate (8) do not work, and the filtration is in the single filter bag mode; When the air flow rate input from the air inlet pipe (101) increases, the detection switch (161) is activated, and the corona coil (12) and the dust collecting plate (8) start to work, and the filter is now in the electric-filter bag combined mode of filtration.

3. The multi-mode switching electrostatic precipitator dynamic control device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: There are multiple dust collecting electric plates (8), and the multiple dust collecting electric plates (8) are distributed at equal angles.

4. The multi-mode switching electrostatic precipitator dynamic control device according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are two bag blocking ring frames (11), and the two air dividing ring cavities (110) are connected via an air dividing pipe (112).

5. The multi-mode switching electrostatic precipitator dynamic control device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas collecting piston (15) is in an "L" shape.

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