A method for coupling mangrove-aquaculture

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of mangrove protection and aquaculture technology, and discloses a mangrove-aquaculture coupling method. A mangrove-aquaculture coupling method comprises setting a breeding pond in an intertidal zone where mangroves are distributed, wherein the breeding water body in the breeding pond is the seawater of the bay outside the pond; mangrove plants and aquatic animals are arranged in the breeding pond, and the water level in the pond is regulated during the breeding period, and the aquatic animals eat bait and are then captured. The mangrove-aquaculture coupling method provided by the present invention can ensure that the native mangrove plants do not degenerate or die by regulating the water level in the pond during the breeding period, provide a habitat for mangrove-specific animals such as fish, shrimp, shellfish, and crabs, create a mangrove ecosystem with rich species diversity, and ensure the quality and yield of aquatic animals, so as to achieve the protection of mangroves while taking into account the livelihoods of local people.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mangrove protection and aquaculture, and in particular to a mangrove-aquaculture coupling method. Background Art

[0002] Mangroves are woody plant communities that grow in the intertidal zones of tropical and subtropical coasts and are periodically flooded by seawater. They not only serve as natural barriers, play a role in wind and wave protection, shore reinforcement and embankment protection, but also serve as natural habitats for organisms. Water level height, flooding time and flooding frequency affect the survival and growth of mangroves. Improper water level control can lead to large-scale degradation or death of mangroves. In order to protect the coastal mangrove ecosystem while taking into account the livelihoods of local people, the development and promotion of mangrove planting-aquaculture coupled ecosystems has become a feasible solution. Ocean tides and sluices control the water level, water quality, water temperature, pond seedlings and harvesting in the mangrove pond coupling system. At present, the water level control methods for mangrove planting-aquaculture coupling systems are mostly based on the experience of farmers, lack of standards and specifications, and are generally vague. It is often the case that the pond water level is maintained at a high level to ensure the output of aquatic animals, which eventually leads to the degradation and death of mangroves due to long-term flooding by high water levels. To this end, we proposed a mangrove-aquaculture coupling method that can ensure the normal growth of mangroves while meeting the survival and production of aquatic animals. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for coupling mangrove-aquaculture.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0005] The present invention provides a method for coupling mangrove-aquaculture, comprising setting up a breeding pond in an intertidal zone where mangroves are distributed, wherein the breeding water in the breeding pond is seawater from a bay outside the pond; mangrove plants and aquatic animals are arranged in the breeding pond, the water level in the pond is regulated during the breeding period, the aquatic animals eat bait, and then are captured.

[0006] Preferably, the water quality parameters of the aquaculture water body include: dissolved oxygen content of 5.0-8.0 mg / L; salinity of 20-30 ppt; and water temperature of 23-33°C.

[0007] Preferably, the aquaculture pond comprises a dam, a tidal ditch, a mangrove vegetation planting island and a gate.

[0008] Preferably, the area of ​​the breeding pond is ≥50 mu; further preferably, the area of ​​the breeding pond is 300-1500 mu.

[0009] Preferably, the shape of the breeding pond comprises a rectangle.

[0010] Preferably, the ratio of the length to the width of the rectangular breeding pond is (1-3):1.

[0011] Preferably, the elevation difference of the bottom of the breeding pond is less than 0.5 m.

[0012] Preferably, the bottom elevation of the breeding pond is 0.5 to 2.3 m lower than the average high tide line, to ensure that the water in the pond can be filled or drained in time during high tide.

[0013] Preferably, the breeding pond is provided with a dam.

[0014] Preferably, the dam is in a slope shape and mangroves can be planted on the dam body.

[0015] Preferably, the dam is 2.5 to 3.5 m higher than the pond bottom and has a horizontal width of 5 to 8 m.

[0016] Preferably, a crab escape prevention net is arranged around the dam.

[0017] Preferably, an annular tidal ditch is arranged on the inner side of the dam; the annular tidal ditch is longitudinally connected in the center of the breeding pond.

[0018] Preferably, the depth of the tidal creek is 0.5-1.0 m.

[0019] Preferably, the ratio of the sum of the widths of the tidal gullies to the width of the breeding pond is (0.05-0.1):1.

[0020] Preferably, the gate is arranged on the sea side of the breeding pond.

[0021] Preferably, the number of the gates is 1 to 2, and the gates are used to control water inlet and water outlet.

[0022] Preferably, the height of the gate is 3 to 5 m.

[0023] Preferably, the total width of the gate is (0.4-0.5) m per hectare of aquaculture pond area.

[0024] Preferably, an anti-escape net is provided on the gate.

[0025] Preferably, the setting density of the mangrove vegetation planting islands is 1 to 3 per hectare.

[0026] Preferably, the mangrove vegetation planting islands include high planting islands with a central height of 1.1-1.5 m and an edge height of 0.2-0.8 m, and low planting islands with a central height of 0.4-0.6 m and an edge height of 0-0.2 m.

[0027] Specifically, the mangrove vegetation planting island is built by piling up the bottom mud of aquaculture ponds or tidal flat sediments, and is approximately a quadrangular platform with a high center and low edges.

[0028] Preferably, the planting density of the mangrove vegetation is 0.25 to 1.5 trees / m 2 .

[0029] Preferably, the mangrove vegetation on the high-planting island includes at least one of Rhizophora mangrove, Aglaonema truncatum, Avicennia marina, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Kandelia officinalis, Halobium halogenum, Lacquer, Hibiscus truncatum, and Aralia argentea.

[0030] Preferably, the mangrove vegetation on the low-planted island includes at least one of Rhizophora mangrove and Tung tree.

[0031] Specifically, the high planting islands and low planting islands have different elevations, different flooding and drying times, and different mangrove species suitable for growing on the planting islands. The low planting islands have high flooding levels and long flooding times, so it is preferred to plant mangrove species with strong flooding resistance, such as red sea olive and tung tree; the high planting islands have low flooding levels and relatively short flooding times, so multiple mangrove species such as red sea olive, tung tree, Avicennia marina, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, and Kandelia candel can be planted. The plant community structures composed of different mangrove species are different, and the differences in various environmental factors such as flooding and drying make the high planting islands and low planting islands ultimately create different habitats.

[0032] Preferably, the water level in the pond is regulated during a water level stabilization period and a water level fluctuation period.

[0033] Preferably, the water level stabilization period is 8 to 12 days between the end of one high tide and the beginning of the next high tide.

[0034] Preferably, the water level fluctuation period is 3 to 6 days during each high tide.

[0035] Preferably, during the water level stabilization period, the initial water level of the breeding pond is 0.7-0.9 m.

[0036] Preferably, during the water level stabilization period, the water level in the pond drops by 2 to 4 cm per day.

[0037] Preferably, during the water level fluctuation period, the water level in the breeding pond is 0.2-1.5 m.

[0038] Specifically, the stable water level period is the stage of sediment flocculation, nutrient settling and aquatic animals resting brought by the tide; the fluctuating water level period is the stage of pond water exchange and stocking and harvesting of aquaculture species. During the stable water level period, it is necessary to ensure that a small part of the mangroves on the high-planted islands are flooded for a short period of time, and most of the mangroves on the low-planted islands are flooded for a long time; during the fluctuating water level period, it is necessary to ensure that the entire high-planted island and the low-planted island can be repeatedly flooded by the tide.

[0039] Preferably, the aquatic animals include Penaeus monodon, Penaeus vannamei, Penaeus lanceolatus, yellowfin sea bream, Channa sinensis, mud crab, mangrove clam and Litopenaeus chinensis.

[0040] Specifically, high-planted islands are preferred for breeding mud crabs, stone crabs, and mangrove clams, and high-planted islands can provide them with places for feeding, communication activities and habitats. Among them, the mud crab breeding area accounts for 45-55% of the total area, distributed in a large number of patches of the same size, and covered with 10-20 cm of soft fine sand on the upper layer of its sediments, which is conducive to mud crabs digging holes for life. The mangrove community canopy density in the mud crab breeding area is controlled between 60 and 90%, among which the canopy density of low mangrove species communities (such as Tung trees) is lower than that of tall mangrove species communities (such as Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Mangroves, etc.), so as to retain a relatively wide open space, which is conducive to mud crabs' daily activities such as feeding and courtship; the stone crab breeding area is equipped with stones, tiles and other shelters, which is conducive to the habitat of stone crabs; each breeding area is separated by a fence to prevent predation losses. Prawns, yellowfin seabream and Chinese black snakehead are preferred for breeding in the ponds, and the scattered mangrove roots on the low-lying planted islands can provide them with shelter, feeding and habitat.

[0041] Preferably, the sources of the aquatic animal seedlings include artificial stocking and tidal stocking.

[0042] Tidal stocking mainly occurs during each high tide. A sufficiently large tidal range during high tide will produce a strong current through the gate, which is the driving force for the larvae of aquatic animals such as fish, shrimp, and crab to enter the pond, and can also bring more exogenous nutrients with the tide.

[0043] Preferably, the bait includes natural bait and artificial bait.

[0044] Specifically, the above-mentioned natural bait includes at least one of bivalve larvae, snail larvae, organic debris, benthic algae, shrimp remains and mangrove vegetation litter.

[0045] Specifically, the above-mentioned artificial baits include commercial feeds and artificially released biological baits such as fish, shrimp, shellfish, crabs, etc.

[0046] Preferably, the artificial bait is only fed during the period when the water level is stable.

[0047] Preferably, the specific method of capturing the aquatic animals is to set a net bag with a suitable mesh size at the gate when the pond water is exchanged with the ebb and flow of the tide, and capture the aquatic animals in a gradual manner of catching the big ones and leaving the small ones.

[0048] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0049] The mangrove-aquaculture coupling method provided by the present invention reasonably regulates the water level in the pond during the breeding period, which can not only ensure that the native mangrove plants do not degenerate and die, provide a habitat for mangrove-specific animals such as fish, shrimp, shellfish, crabs, and create a mangrove ecosystem with rich species diversity, but also ensure the quality and yield of farmed aquatic animals, and can take into account the livelihoods of local people while achieving mangrove protection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a mangrove-aquaculture coupling pond, with the following numbers: ① embankment, ② tidal ditch, ③ pond bottom, ④ high planting island, ⑤ low planting island, ⑥ gate;

[0051] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the mangrove-aquaculture coupling pond, with the following numbers: ① embankment, ② pond bay, ③ pond bottom, ④ tidal ditch, ⑤ low planting island, ⑥ high planting island, ⑦ average water level during stable period, ⑧ highest water level during fluctuating period, ⑨ gate;

[0052] Figure 3 Aerial photos of the fish pond taken by drone in the embodiment;

[0053] Figure 4 Take photos of the actual scene of the high planting island in the breeding pond of the embodiment;

[0054] Figure 5 Take photos of the real scene of the low planting island in the breeding pond of the embodiment;

[0055] Figure 6 This is a diagram showing the relationship between the water level regulation process of the aquaculture pond in Example 2 and the tidal changes in the bay outside the pond during August to September 2023. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] The present invention is further described in detail below by specific examples. The raw materials, reagents or devices used in the examples can be obtained from conventional commercial sources or by prior art methods unless otherwise specified. Unless otherwise specified, the experiments or test methods are conventional methods in the art.

[0057] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the mangrove-aquaculture coupling pond. Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional diagram of a mangrove-aquaculture coupled pond. Figure 1 and Figure 2 Describe the methods of mangrove-aquaculture coupling:

[0058] Example

[0059] The breeding pond is located in the intertidal zone with mangroves in Shiqiao Village, Jinniu Island, Mazhang District, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province. The breeding pond is close to the inner bay river channel of the bay, and there are strips of mangroves on the sea side of the pond embankment. The shape of the breeding pond is approximately rectangular, such as Figure 3 As shown in the drone aerial photos of the breeding pond, the breeding pond covers an area of ​​876 mu, is about 900-1200m long and about 500-600m wide. The bottom elevation of this breeding pond and the surrounding breeding ponds is 0.5-2.3m lower than the average high tide line, and water can be taken in and out of the pond through the gate during the two high tides each month. The bottom elevation of the breeding pond is uneven, with an elevation difference of less than 0.5m, and the terrain is characterized by wide shallow ditches and gentle slopes. There is a dam around the breeding pond, which is about 2.5-3.5m higher than the bottom of the pond, with a horizontal width of 5-8m and a steeper slope on the inside. There is a circular tidal ditch on the inside of the dam, which is connected longitudinally in the center of the breeding pond. Its width is 10-15m and its depth is 0.5-1.0m. The water surface of the tidal ditch is about 10.8% of the area of ​​the breeding pond. There are two gates on the sea side of the aquaculture pond to control water inlet and outlet. The length, width and height of the gates are 8m, 3.5m and 3.5m respectively, and there are escape prevention nets on the gates. The aquaculture water is the seawater from the bay outside the pond, with a dissolved oxygen content of 5.0-8.0mg / L, a salinity of 20-30ppt, and a water temperature of 23-33℃.

[0060] Figure 3 In the following drone aerial photos of the breeding pond in the example, we can see that there are more than 20 mangrove patches of different sizes and shapes distributed in the breeding pond. They are piled up by the bottom mud or mudflat sediments of the breeding pond, and are nearly quadrangular platforms with high in the center and low around. According to the planting elevation of mangroves, they can be divided into high planting islands and low planting islands. The planting density of mangrove vegetation is 0.25 to 1.5 trees / m 2 , accounting for about 26.1%, the main species is red sea olive, followed by tung tree, in addition there are a small amount of white bone soil, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Kandelia officinalis, bittern fern, sea lacquer, etc.

[0061] Figure 4For the real scene of the high planting island of mangroves in the breeding pond of the embodiment, the high planting island is about 0.2 to 2.2m above the bottom of the pond, and the mangroves mainly grow in the height range of 0.2 to 1.3m. Due to human factors, the elevation of the clear pond bottom mud accumulation area on the high planting island can be more than 2m above the bottom of the pond after the increase, and the highest water level in the pond breeding process cannot meet the flooding requirements required for the growth of mangroves, making it difficult for mangrove propagules to spread and colonize in the area, and finally leading to the strip-shaped exposed surface on the high planting island. When designing the high planting island of mangroves in the follow-up, such human influences should be avoided. The highest water level of the pond should actually be used as a reference. In this embodiment, the range of change of the pond water level is 0.20 to 1.50m, so it is most appropriate to reduce the central height of the high planting island to no more than 1.5m above the bottom of the pond. The mangrove plants on the high planting island are mainly red sea olives, and there are sporadic distributions of tung trees, halogen ferns, white bone soil, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, autumn candelabra, sea paint, and apetal sea mulberry. Among them, apetal sea mulberry is an alien species, and there is great controversy in planting.

[0062] Figure 5 The real scene of the low-planted island of mangroves in the breeding pond of the embodiment is taken in the following photos. The low-planted island is about 0-0.6m above the bottom of the pond, forming a gentle slope and a shallow ditch. The main mangrove species are red sea olive and tung tree. The pond embankment is about 2.5-3.5m above the bottom of the pond, with a steeper slope inside. The sea paint mainly grows on the dam body 0.3m-0.5m above the bottom of the pond; tung tree and salt fern have a wide range of adaptation to flooding, and can grow below the embankment, as well as on the dam body and the outer edge of the pond, but the growth condition of tung tree in a deeper flooded environment is better than that of tung tree that is rarely flooded; Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Kandelia candel grow in the lower area of ​​the embankment, and their requirements for flooding and dry exposure are relatively strict. Habitat factors such as flooding requirements, water salinity, and sediment bottom that are suitable for seedling survival and growth are quite different from those in the habitat of mangrove forests. The red sea olive and tung tree forests on low-planted islands have adapted to the pond flooding environment for a long time, and no mortality or degradation has been found. However, the propagules cannot colonize in this environment, and the seedlings find it difficult to grow, resulting in slow or stagnant community renewal. Some areas on high-planted islands are in a state of shallow or intermittent flooding, and mangrove propagules have the opportunity to colonize and grow in this habitat, and community renewal will not stagnate.

[0063] Shrimp fry are artificially released into the breeding pond. The fry comes from Donggang Seedling Farm of Donghai Island, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province, including giant tiger shrimp, vannamei shrimp, and sword-headed shrimp, with a body length of 0.8-1 cm. After the giant tiger shrimp fry grows to a body length of 1-2 cm in a small pond, they are released in March-April. The first release begins in March, and then every 20 days, for a total of 4-5 times, with a total release of 1-2 million shrimps / time; vannamei shrimp fry are released once in March, June, and October each year, with a release of 5 million shrimps / time; sword-headed shrimp fry are released once in October each year, with a release of 3-4 million shrimps. During the breeding period, in addition to natural baits such as mangrove litter, phytoplankton, benthic animals, benthic algae, and organic particles, it is also necessary to feed commercial shrimp feed purchased from Guangdong Hengxing Feed Industry Co., Ltd. The feeding method and feeding amount are 80-100 kg of bait per day during the water level stabilization period. During the shrimp breeding period, the dissolved oxygen in the pond is maintained at 4-8 mg / L, which is higher in spring and winter and lower in summer and autumn. The salinity is 20-30 ppt and the water temperature is 23-33 ° C. When the water quality indicators are monitored to exceed the above range during the breeding process, corresponding measures such as oxygenation by aerators and increasing the frequency of water changes should be promptly resolved. In this embodiment, natural communities such as crabs and shellfish are distributed on the high planting islands. During the shrimp breeding period, aquatic animals such as mud crabs, stone sulfur, and mangrove clams can be artificially cultivated on the high planting islands to increase income, but this embodiment is mainly based on shrimp breeding in ponds.

[0064] During the breeding period, the water level changes in the breeding ponds are divided into stable period and fluctuating period according to the time of two high tides each month. The period from August 8 to September 10, 2023 is used as an example to illustrate. Figure 6The following is a graph showing the relationship between the water level regulation process of the breeding pond and the tidal changes in the bay outside the pond. The water level regulation during this period can represent the water level regulation process from the time when shrimp seedlings are released to the time when adult shrimps are harvested. The water level stabilization period is 8 to 12 days from the end of one spring tide to the beginning of the next spring tide. The initial water level during the stabilization period is maintained at 0.7 to 0.9 m. After that, the pond gate is controlled to slowly discharge the tidal water. From the beginning to the end of the stabilization period, the water level drops by about 0.3 m, that is, about 2 to 4 cm of water in the pond is slowly discharged every day; the 3 to 6 days during the spring tide is the water level fluctuation period, during which the sluice gate is opened, and the range of the pond water level is controlled to be 0.20 to 1.50 m. A sufficiently large tidal range during the spring tide will produce a strong water flow through the gate, which can not only bring more exogenous nutrients with the tide, but also is the driving force for the larvae of aquatic animals such as natural fish, shrimp, crabs, and shellfish to enter the pond. The red mangroves on the edge of the high planting islands are in a state of long-term flooding during the period of stable water levels. The flooding height is 0.5-0.7m above the base of the red mangroves, and will not exceed the canopy. In the center of the planting island, most of the red mangrove communities are in a non-flooded state, but the moisture content of the sediments under the forest always remains at 100%. During the period of water level fluctuations, most areas of the planting islands will be repeatedly flooded by the tide, except for the areas of pond sludge accumulation caused by human beings. At the lowest tide, the roots of the mangroves on the entire planting island will be exposed; at the highest tide, the red mangroves on the edge of the planting island will be flooded above the canopy, and the red mangroves on the island will be flooded to 0.2-0.5m above the base, not exceeding the canopy. The red mangroves and tung trees on the low planting islands are in a state of long-term flooding during the period of stable water levels. The tung trees are flooded to 0.3m below the canopy and 0.3m above the canopy, and the red mangroves are flooded to 0.5-0.7m above the base, not exceeding the canopy. During the period of water level fluctuation, the tung tree community on the low planting island will be submerged to 0.5 to 1.1 m above the canopy at the highest tide, and most of the red mangrove plants will also be submerged above the canopy. At the lowest tide, the roots of the tung trees and red mangroves will be exposed.

[0065] July to October is the harvest season, during which the harvesting time is determined based on the growth of the shrimp, water temperature, air temperature changes, market demand, price and other factors. The specific method of harvesting shrimp is to set up a net bag with a suitable mesh at the gate when the pond water is exchanged with the ebb tide, and catch the shrimp in a gradual manner by catching the big ones and leaving the small ones. The harvesting time is mainly arranged at night, because the shrimp are most active at this time, which can improve the harvesting efficiency. Through scientific water level control during the breeding period, the mangrove vegetation in the breeding pond has not degenerated or died. At the same time, the sufficient water surface in the pond is used for shrimp breeding, and finally the commercial shrimp with considerable yield and quality are obtained. Table 1 shows the morphology and yield of the shrimp harvested in the breeding pond of the embodiment. It can be seen from Table 1 that after the shrimp fry with an initial body length of 0.8 to 1 cm are cultured in the mangrove shrimp pond by the method provided by the present application, the average body length of the harvested giant tiger shrimp can reach about 17.5 cm, the average body length of the vannamei shrimp can reach 10.5 cm, and the average body length of the blade-headed shrimp can reach 9 cm. The harvested shrimp yield can bring considerable benefits to local farmers. By identifying the stomach contents of shrimp, it is found that in addition to commercial feed, natural baits such as bivalves and snail larvae, organic debris, benthic algae and mangrove plant litter are also important sources of nutrition for shrimp growth.

[0066] Table 1 The morphology and yield of shrimp harvested in the culture pond of the embodiment

[0067] type Average body length (mm) Average weight (g) Yield (kg / hectare) Penaeus monodon 174.54 73.694 14.27 Litopenaeus vannamei 105.76 13.745 40.81 Neopenaeus scutellaria 90.48 9.136 25.54

[0068] The mangrove-aquatic coupling breeding method provided by the present invention performs planting / breeding configuration according to the flooding resistance of mangroves and the habits of aquatic animals, divides the water level into stable period and fluctuation period according to the monthly high tide, and determines the reasonable range of water level control in each stage in combination with the flooding and drying needs of mangrove vegetation and farmed animals. It can not only ensure that the native mangrove plants do not degenerate and die, but also provide a habitat for fish, shrimp, shellfish, crabs and other mangrove-specific animals, creating a mangrove ecosystem with rich species diversity. During the breeding period, the tide is used to bring more organic nutrients, which increase the net energy inflow of the breeding pond through sedimentation, and increase the biomass of primary producers and primary consumers. Farmed aquatic animals eat natural baits such as shellfish, organic debris, benthic algae and mangrove plant litter, and cooperate with commercial feeds. The aquatic animals finally obtained are of good quality and considerable yield. While protecting the mangroves, the breeding needs of local people are taken into account, and the protection and sustainable utilization of mangroves are achieved.

Claims

1. A method for coupling mangrove-aquaculture, characterized in that: The method comprises setting up a breeding pond in an intertidal zone where mangroves are distributed, wherein the breeding water in the breeding pond is seawater from the bay outside the pond; arranging mangrove plants and aquatic animals in the breeding pond, regulating the water level in the pond during the breeding period, and allowing the aquatic animals to eat bait and then be captured; The aquaculture pond includes embankments, tidal channels, mangrove vegetation planted islands and gates; The mangrove vegetation planting islands include high planting islands with a central height of 1.1-1.5m and an edge height of 0.2-0.8m, and low planting islands with a central height of 0.4-0.6m and an edge height of 0-0.2m; The water level in the pond is regulated in two stages: a stable water level period and a fluctuating water level period. The water level stabilization period is 8 to 12 days between the end of one high tide and the beginning of the next high tide; The water level fluctuation period is 3 to 6 days during each high tide; During the water level stabilization period, the initial water level of the breeding pond is 0.7-0.9 m; During the water level stabilization period, the water level in the pond drops by 2-4 cm / day; During the water level fluctuation period, the water level of the breeding pond varies from 0.2 to 1.5 m; The bait includes natural bait and artificial bait.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The water quality parameters of the aquaculture water body include: dissolved oxygen content of 5.0~8.0 mg / L; salinity of 20~30 ppt; and water temperature of 23~33°C.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The area of ​​the breeding pond is ≥50 mu; the shape of the breeding pond includes a rectangle; the ratio of the length to the width of the breeding pond is (1~3):1; the elevation difference of the bottom of the breeding pond is <0.5m; the bottom elevation of the breeding pond is 0.5~2.3m lower than the average high tide line.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The breeding pond is provided with a dam; the dam is sloped; the dam is 2.5-3.5m higher than the pond bottom and has a horizontal width of 5-8m; the dam is provided with a crab escape prevention net.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that An annular tidal ditch is arranged on the inner side of the dam; the annular tidal ditch is longitudinally connected in the center of the breeding pond; the depth of the tidal ditch is 0.5-1.0m; the ratio of the sum of the widths of the tidal ditch to the width of the breeding pond is (0.05-0.1):

1.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The gate is arranged on the sea side of the breeding pond; the gate has a height of 3-5 m; the total width of the gate is (0.4-0.5) m per hectare of breeding pond area; and a crab escape prevention net is arranged on the gate.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The density of the mangrove vegetation planting island is 1 to 3 per hectare; the planting density of the mangrove vegetation is 0.25 to 1.5 trees per m 2 ; The mangrove vegetation on the high-planting island includes at least one of red mangrove, tung tree, white bone soil, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Kandelia officinalis, hawthorn, sea lacquer, hibiscus yellow, and silver leaf tree; the mangrove vegetation on the low-planting island includes at least one of red mangrove and tung tree.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The aquatic animals include at least one of the group consisting of Penaeus monodon, Penaeus vannamei, Penaeus lanceolatus, yellowfin sea bream, Channa sinensis, mud crab, mangrove clam and Litopenaeus chinensis; the sources of the seedlings of the aquatic animals include artificial seeding and tidal seeding.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The natural bait includes at least one of bivalve larvae, snail larvae, organic debris, benthic algae, shrimp remains and mangrove vegetation litter.

Images