A nozzle with adjustable throat and exit areas

Abstract

The application discloses a nozzle with adjustable throat area and outlet area. The nozzle adopts a contraction-expansion structure and comprises a contraction section, a front expansion section and a rear expansion section. The upper and lower wall surfaces of the front expansion section are independently driven through a front wall surface mechanical adjusting mechanism to realize the adjustment of the throat area of the nozzle; the upper and lower wall surfaces of the rear expansion section are independently driven through a rear wall surface mechanical adjusting mechanism to realize the adjustment of the outlet area of the nozzle. The nozzle can flexibly adapt to the fluid dynamics requirements under different working conditions, and the efficiency and thrust performance of the engine are improved. The nozzle is suitable for high-speed aircrafts and other application occasions requiring high-efficiency power systems.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aero-engine technology, and in particular to a nozzle with adjustable throat area and exit area. Background Technology

[0002] Air-breathing engines are the core foundation of the propulsion system for wide-range hypersonic vehicles. The nozzle is the engine's main thrust component, typically employing a contraction-expansion structure to efficiently expand high-temperature, high-pressure gases under wide-range conditions. The performance of the nozzle is crucial to the engine. The nozzle throat area can affect engine performance; for example, adjusting the nozzle throat area can improve engine start-up acceleration performance. During debugging, changing the nozzle throat area can also help troubleshoot insufficient thrust or excessively high exhaust temperatures. The size of the nozzle exit area directly affects whether the combustion gases can expand sufficiently and the magnitude of thrust loss. Therefore, adjustable nozzle throat and exit areas can meet the engine's requirements for nozzle flow and thrust under different flight conditions, enabling reliable and efficient hypersonic vehicle flight.

[0003] While existing air-breathing engine nozzle technology meets the performance requirements of hypersonic vehicles to some extent, it still has some significant drawbacks and limitations. The main problems are as follows:

[0004] 1) The inability to drive the upper and lower walls of the forward expansion section via the forward wall mechanical adjustment mechanism results in an unadjustable nozzle throat area, making it difficult to meet the matching requirements of the upstream combustion chamber's thermal and flow parameters. 2) The lack of a rear wall mechanical adjustment mechanism prevents the driving of the upper and lower walls of the rear expansion section, resulting in an unadjustable nozzle exit area, making it difficult to meet the thrust performance requirements of wide-range aircraft. 3) Because the forward and rear wall adjustment mechanisms cannot independently adjust the nozzle throat area and nozzle exit area, their flexibility is insufficient, making it difficult to match various engine operating states and failing to fully meet the needs of future wide-range aircraft. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention addresses the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a nozzle with adjustable throat and exit areas. By adjusting the upper and lower walls of the front expansion section, the throat area is changed, thereby altering the airflow to match engine operating conditions. By adjusting the upper and lower walls of the rear expansion section, the exit area is changed, thereby altering the nozzle's expansion ratio to match the pressure drop ratio under wide operating conditions, thus achieving the high performance requirements of the tail nozzle over a wide operating range.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A nozzle with adjustable throat area and outlet area includes: upper wall surface 1 of the contraction section, lower wall surface 2 of the contraction section, upper wall surface 3 of the front expansion section, lower wall surface 4 of the front expansion section, upper wall surface 5 of the rear expansion section, lower wall surface 6 of the rear expansion section, side wall surface 7, rotating shaft A8 and rotating shaft B9.

[0008] Define the space between the upper wall surface 1 of the contraction section, the lower wall surface 2 of the contraction section, the upper wall surface 3 of the front expansion section, the lower wall surface 4 of the front expansion section, the upper wall surface 5 of the rear expansion section, and the lower wall surface 6 of the rear expansion section as the inner flow channel, and the surface in contact with the inner flow channel as the inner flow surface.

[0009] The upper wall 1 and lower wall 2 of the contraction section are located at the foremost end of the nozzle and together form the nozzle inlet 10.

[0010] The tail ends of the upper wall surface 1 and the lower wall surface 2 of the contraction section are in contact with the head ends of the upper wall surface 3 and the lower wall surface 4 of the front expansion section, respectively, forming a continuous flow channel.

[0011] The upper wall surface 3 and the lower wall surface 4 of the front expansion section are fixedly connected to the side wall surface 7 at their middle positions via pivot A8 and pivot B9, respectively, allowing the upper wall surface 3 and the lower wall surface 4 of the front expansion section to rotate around pivot A8 and pivot B9 to adjust the area of ​​the nozzle throat 11. The nozzle throat 11 is formed by the narrowest points of the upper wall surface 3 and the lower wall surface 4 of the front expansion section.

[0012] The upper wall surface 3 and the lower wall surface 4 of the front expansion section are also connected to a front wall mechanical adjustment mechanism. The front wall mechanical adjustment mechanism is used to control the rotation of the upper wall surface 3 and the lower wall surface 4 of the front expansion section around the rotating shaft A8 and the rotating shaft B9, that is, to adjust the area of ​​the nozzle throat 11.

[0013] The tail ends of the upper wall surface 3 and the lower wall surface 4 of the front expansion section are respectively hinged to the head ends of the upper wall surface 5 and the lower wall surface 6 of the rear expansion section.

[0014] The upper wall surface 5 and the lower wall surface 6 of the rear expansion section are located at the end of the nozzle, and together they form the nozzle outlet 12.

[0015] The upper wall 5 and the lower wall 6 of the rear expansion section are respectively connected to a rear wall mechanical adjustment mechanism, and the area of ​​the nozzle outlet 12 is adjusted by the rear wall mechanical adjustment mechanism.

[0016] Preferably, the front wall mechanical adjustment mechanism and the rear wall mechanical adjustment mechanism are linkage mechanisms driven by hydraulic or electric power.

[0017] As a preferred option, the inner flow surfaces of the upper wall 3 of the front expansion section, the lower wall 4 of the front expansion section, the upper wall 5 of the rear expansion section, and the lower wall 6 of the rear expansion section are designed using the characteristic line method to ensure the performance of the nozzle.

[0018] Preferably, the contact surface between the upper wall surface 1 of the contraction section and the upper wall surface 3 of the front expansion section is an arc surface with the rotation axis A8 as the axis; the contact surface between the lower wall surface 2 of the contraction section and the lower wall surface 4 of the front expansion section is an arc surface with the rotation axis B9 as the axis.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows:

[0020] 1) The upper and lower walls of the front expansion section can be adjusted by the mechanical adjustment mechanism of the front wall to meet the matching requirements of the thermal and flow parameters of the upstream combustion chamber.

[0021] 2) The upper and lower walls of the rear expansion section can be adjusted by driving the mechanical adjustment mechanism of the rear wall to meet the thrust performance requirements of wide-range aircraft.

[0022] 3) The nozzle throat area and nozzle exit area can be adjusted independently through the front wall mechanical adjustment mechanism and the rear wall mechanical adjustment mechanism, which can more flexibly match the engine working state and meet the needs of future wide-range aircraft. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a nozzle structure with adjustable throat area and outlet area according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the front wall mechanical adjustment mechanism and the rear wall mechanical adjustment mechanism described in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a top view of the nozzle with adjustable throat area and outlet area as described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the nozzle with adjustable throat area and outlet area as described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of independent adjustment of the nozzle throat area according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of independent adjustment of the nozzle exit area according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0030] like Figure 1As shown, the present invention provides a nozzle with adjustable throat area and outlet area, comprising: upper wall surface 1 of the contraction section, lower wall surface 2 of the contraction section, upper wall surface 3 of the front expansion section, lower wall surface 4 of the front expansion section, upper wall surface 5 of the rear expansion section, lower wall surface 6 of the rear expansion section, side wall surface 7, rotating shaft A8 and rotating shaft B9.

[0031] Define the space between the upper wall surface 1 of the contraction section, the lower wall surface 2 of the contraction section, the upper wall surface 3 of the front expansion section, the lower wall surface 4 of the front expansion section, the upper wall surface 5 of the rear expansion section, and the lower wall surface 6 of the rear expansion section as the inner flow channel, and the surface in contact with the inner flow channel as the inner flow surface.

[0032] The upper wall 1 and lower wall 2 of the contraction section are located at the foremost end of the nozzle and together form the nozzle inlet 10.

[0033] The tail ends of the upper wall surface 1 and the lower wall surface 2 of the contraction section are in contact with the head ends of the upper wall surface 3 and the lower wall surface 4 of the front expansion section, respectively, forming a continuous flow channel.

[0034] The upper wall surface 3 and the lower wall surface 4 of the front expansion section are fixedly connected to the side wall surface 7 at their middle positions via pivot A8 and pivot B9, respectively, allowing the upper wall surface 3 and the lower wall surface 4 of the front expansion section to rotate around pivot A8 and pivot B9 to adjust the area of ​​the nozzle throat 11. The nozzle throat 11 is formed by the narrowest points of the upper wall surface 3 and the lower wall surface 4 of the front expansion section.

[0035] The upper wall surface 3 and the lower wall surface 4 of the front expansion section are also connected to a front wall mechanical adjustment mechanism. The front wall mechanical adjustment mechanism is used to control the rotation of the upper wall surface 3 and the lower wall surface 4 of the front expansion section around the rotating shaft A8 and the rotating shaft B9, that is, to adjust the area of ​​the nozzle throat 11.

[0036] The tail ends of the upper wall surface 3 and the lower wall surface 4 of the front expansion section are respectively hinged to the head ends of the upper wall surface 5 and the lower wall surface 6 of the rear expansion section.

[0037] The upper wall surface 5 and the lower wall surface 6 of the rear expansion section are located at the end of the nozzle, and together they form the nozzle outlet 12.

[0038] The upper wall 5 and the lower wall 6 of the rear expansion section are respectively connected to a rear wall mechanical adjustment mechanism, and the area of ​​the nozzle outlet 12 is adjusted by the rear wall mechanical adjustment mechanism.

[0039] like Figure 2As shown, the front wall mechanical adjustment mechanism and the rear wall mechanical adjustment mechanism are hydraulically or electrically driven linkage mechanisms. They are respectively connected to the upper wall surface 3 and the lower wall surface 4 of the front expansion section, allowing them to rotate around pivot A8 and pivot B9, respectively. The rear wall mechanical adjustment mechanism has two hydraulically or electrically driven telescopic linkage mechanisms connected to the upper wall surface 5 and the lower wall surface 6 of the rear expansion section, respectively.

[0040] The inner flow surfaces of the upper wall 3 of the front expansion section, the lower wall 4 of the front expansion section, the upper wall 5 of the rear expansion section, and the lower wall 6 of the rear expansion section are designed using the characteristic line method to ensure the performance of the nozzle.

[0041] The contact surface between the upper wall surface 1 of the contraction section and the upper wall surface 3 of the front expansion section is an arc surface with the rotation axis A8 as the axis; the contact surface between the lower wall surface 2 of the contraction section and the lower wall surface 4 of the front expansion section is an arc surface with the rotation axis B9 as the axis.

[0042] like Figure 3 and 4 As shown, a top view and a cross-sectional view of a nozzle with adjustable throat and outlet areas can be seen.

[0043] like Figure 5 and 6 As shown, when the area of ​​the nozzle throat 11 is adjusted independently, only the front wall mechanical adjustment mechanism needs to be driven; when the area of ​​the nozzle outlet 12 is adjusted independently, only the rear wall mechanical adjustment mechanism needs to be driven.

[0044] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments described herein are intended to help the reader understand the implementation methods of the present invention, and should be understood that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to such specific statements and embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific modifications and combinations based on the technical teachings disclosed in this invention without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these modifications and combinations are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A nozzle with adjustable throat area and outlet area, characterized in that, include: Upper wall of the contraction section (1), lower wall of the contraction section (2), upper wall of the front expansion section (3), lower wall of the front expansion section (4), upper wall of the rear expansion section (5), lower wall of the rear expansion section (6), side wall (7), rotating shaft A (8) and rotating shaft B (9); Define the space between the upper wall surface (1) of the contraction section, the lower wall surface (2) of the contraction section, the upper wall surface (3) of the front expansion section, the lower wall surface (4) of the front expansion section, the upper wall surface (5) of the rear expansion section, and the lower wall surface (6) of the rear expansion section as the inner flow channel, and the surface in contact with the inner flow channel as the inner flow surface; The upper wall surface (1) and lower wall surface (2) of the contraction section are located at the front end of the nozzle and together form the nozzle inlet (10); The tail ends of the upper wall surface (1) and the lower wall surface (2) of the contraction section are in contact with the head ends of the upper wall surface (3) and the lower wall surface (4) of the front expansion section, respectively, forming a continuous flow channel; The upper wall (3) and lower wall (4) of the front expansion section are fixedly connected to the side wall (7) at their middle positions via pivot A (8) and pivot B (9), respectively, so that the upper wall (3) and lower wall (4) of the front expansion section can rotate around pivot A (8) and pivot B (9) to adjust the area of ​​the nozzle throat (11); the nozzle throat (11) is formed by the narrowest point of the upper wall (3) and lower wall (4) of the front expansion section. The upper wall (3) and lower wall (4) of the front expansion section are also connected to a front wall mechanical adjustment mechanism; the front wall mechanical adjustment mechanism is used to control the upper wall (3) and lower wall (4) of the front expansion section to rotate around the rotating shaft A (8) and rotating shaft B (9), that is, to adjust the area of ​​the nozzle throat (11); The tail ends of the upper wall surface (3) and the lower wall surface (4) of the front expansion section are respectively hinged to the head ends of the upper wall surface (5) and the lower wall surface (6) of the rear expansion section. The upper wall surface (5) and the lower wall surface (6) of the rear expansion section are located at the end of the nozzle, and together they form the nozzle outlet (12) of the outlet section; The upper wall (5) and lower wall (6) of the rear expansion section are respectively connected to a rear wall mechanical adjustment mechanism, and the area of ​​the nozzle outlet (12) is adjusted by the rear wall mechanical adjustment mechanism.

2. The nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front wall mechanical adjustment mechanism and the rear wall mechanical adjustment mechanism are linkage mechanisms driven by hydraulic or electric power.

3. The nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner flow surfaces of the upper wall (3) of the front expansion section, the lower wall (4) of the front expansion section, the upper wall (5) of the rear expansion section, and the lower wall (6) of the rear expansion section are designed using the characteristic line method to ensure the performance of the nozzle.

4. The nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The contact surface between the upper wall surface (1) of the contraction section and the upper wall surface (3) of the front expansion section is an arc surface with the rotation axis A (8) as the axis; the contact surface between the lower wall surface (2) of the contraction section and the lower wall surface (4) of the front expansion section is an arc surface with the rotation axis B (9) as the axis.

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