A prospecting and exploration method for cassiterite sulfide type tin ore

Abstract

The invention discloses a cassiterite sulfide type tin ore prospecting and exploration method. The invention first determines a key investigation area with prospecting potential in a mineralization belt area, delineates an area where the mineralization intensity of a ore-bearing geological body exceeds a threshold value in the key investigation area, namely, the key exploration area, and determines a target ore body by exposing a shallow ore body in the key exploration area. A first basic geological feature of the target ore body extending downward is inferred to obtain a shallow ore body. A shallow ore body meeting a preset condition is obtained by a preliminary shallow drilling inspection to avoid environmental damage. A second basic geological feature of the shallow ore body extending downward is inferred to obtain a shallow ore body to obtain a deep ore body. After an environmental assessment, a third basic geological feature of the deep ore body extending downward is inspected by a secondary deep drilling inspection, so as to realize the combination of geology and geophysical exploration, and a comprehensive analysis is performed to effectively determine the output position of a tin ore body produced in a detachment fault, thereby effectively reducing the waste of human and financial resources caused by blindly carrying out environmental assessment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of geological and mineral exploration, and particularly to a prospecting and exploration method for cassiterite sulfide type tin ore. Background Art

[0002] In high plateau areas (such as the Himalayan metallogenic belt with an average altitude exceeding 4000m), a series of polymetallic minerals represented by gold, antimony, lead, zinc, tin, and tungsten have developed, with huge metallogenic potential. The genetic types of deposits in the Himalayan metallogenic belt are diverse, and the main types developed include pegmatite type, skarn type, orogenic type, epithermal type, hydrothermal vein type, hot spring type, etc.

[0003] There are multiple domes in the Himalayan metallogenic belt, and these domes are all favorable prospecting blocks for finding tin deposits. However, at present, the tin ore in the Himalayan metallogenic belt is mainly produced in the interlayer detachment zone, and the types of ore bodies are numerous, the mining areas are large, and the environment is complex. If prospecting and exploration are carried out blindly, the positions of tin ore on the surface and in the deep part cannot be determined quickly and accurately. When the accuracy of the determined tin ore position is not high, large-scale engineering prospecting operations will cause damage to the fragile ecological environment of the mining area and waste of human and financial resources.

[0004] In the process of realizing the present invention, the inventor found that there are at least the following problems in the prior art:

[0005] The accuracy of the existing tin ore prospecting and exploration methods for detecting the output position of tin ore is not high. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a prospecting and exploration method for cassiterite sulfide type tin ore to solve the technical problem that the accuracy of the existing tin ore prospecting and exploration methods for detecting the output position of tin ore is not high in the prior art. The many technical effects that can be produced by the preferred technical solutions among the many technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below. To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A prospecting and exploration method for cassiterite sulfide type tin ore provided by the present invention includes: determining a favorable area in the metallogenic belt area, and carrying out a 1:50,000 scale mineral geological mapping survey and a 1:50,000 scale stream sediment measurement in the favorable area to determine the key investigation area;

[0008] After determining the key exploration areas within the key investigation areas, delineate the ore-bearing geological bodies in the key investigation areas and expose the shallow ore bodies through trenching works. Lock in the target ore body within the exposed shallow ore bodies, obtain the first basic geological features of the downward extension of the target ore body, determine the shallow ore bodies based on the first basic geological features, conduct shallow drilling and verification on the shallow ore bodies, and obtain shallow ore bodies meeting the preset conditions. Among them, the target ore body is a cassiterite sulfide type tin ore, and the first basic geological features are the dip and dip angle of the downward extension of the target ore body;

[0009] Conduct geophysical exploration and comprehensive geological analysis on the shallow ore bodies meeting the preset conditions to determine the third basic geological features of the extension of the deep ore bodies, and then carry out environmental assessment and deep drilling verification. Determine the ore deposit scale through the geological block method. Among them, the third basic geological features are the dip and dip angle of the downward extension of the deep ore bodies.

[0010] Preferably, determine the favorable areas in the metallogenic belt area, and conduct 1:50,000 scale mineral geological mapping surveys and 1:50,000 scale stream sediment surveys within the favorable areas to determine the key investigation areas, including:

[0011] Determine the favorable areas through the strata, structures, magmatic rocks, mineral exploration reports, and mineral resources of the metallogenic belt area;

[0012] Conduct 1:50,000 scale mineral geological mapping surveys within the favorable areas to determine the distribution range of schists with tin content greater than the set threshold in the favorable areas;

[0013] Conduct 1:50,000 scale stream sediment surveys within the favorable areas, analyze the metallogenic potential of elements in the stream sediments, and determine the anomaly areas;

[0014] Determine the key investigation areas based on the distribution range of schists with tin content greater than the set threshold in the favorable areas and the anomaly areas.

[0015] Preferably, after determining the key exploration areas within the key investigation areas, delineate the ore-bearing geological bodies in the key investigation areas and expose the shallow ore bodies through trenching works. Lock in the target ore body within the exposed shallow ore bodies, obtain the first basic geological features of the downward extension of the target ore body, determine the shallow ore bodies based on the first basic geological features, conduct shallow drilling and verification on the shallow ore bodies, and obtain shallow ore bodies meeting the preset conditions, including:

[0016] Conduct 1:5,000 scale rock geochemical profile surveys within the key investigation areas, and combine with surface mineralization clues to determine the key exploration areas;

[0017] Carry out special geological mapping at a scale of 1:10,000 in the key exploration area to delineate the mineralized geological bodies, and after carrying out geological profile measurement at a scale of 1:2,000 in the key exploration area, conduct surface or shallow trenching in the key exploration area to expose the shallow ore bodies;

[0018] Determining whether the shallow ore body is a cassiterite sulfide type tin ore;

[0019] If so, inferring the first basic geological feature of the extension of the target ore body according to the occurrence of the strata and the detachment fault;

[0020] Obtain the output range of the target ore body, conduct a mining area geological mapping survey and geophysical exploration at a scale of 1:2,000 within the output range, determine the second basic geological feature of the shallow ore body extension, and detect the second basic geological feature through shallow drilling to obtain the shallow ore body that meets the preset conditions, wherein the second basic geological feature is the inclination and dip of the shallow ore body extending downward.

[0021] Preferably, the shallow ore body that meets the preset conditions is subjected to geophysical exploration and comprehensive geological analysis to determine the third basic geological feature of the extension of the deep ore body, and then an environmental impact assessment and deep drilling verification are carried out to determine the scale of the ore deposit by the geological block method, including: inferring the depth and occurrence of the shallow ore body in the ore-bearing fault through geophysical exploration and comprehensive geological analysis to determine the deep ore body; obtaining the third basic geological feature of the extension of the deep ore body and conducting an environmental impact assessment; detecting the third basic geological feature of the extension of the deep ore body controlled in the deep interlayer detachment fault through deep drilling; estimating the ore body resources of the deep ore body by the geological block method to determine the scale of the ore deposit.

[0022] Preferably, the inferring the downward extension depth and occurrence of the shallow ore body in the mineralized fault through geophysical exploration and comprehensive geological analysis to determine the deep ore body comprises: surveying the main ore body area where the shallow ore body in the mineralized fault is located through magnetotelluric sounding to obtain two magnetotelluric sounding profiles; inferring the downward extension depth and occurrence of the shallow ore body in the mineralized fault to determine the deep ore body by analyzing the inversion results of the deep resistance and shallow resistance of the two magnetotelluric sounding profiles in the transverse magnetic wave mode and the inversion results of the deep resistance and shallow resistance in the transverse electric wave mode.

[0023] Preferably, the method for inferring the depth and occurrence of the shallow ore body in the ore-bearing fault through geophysical exploration and comprehensive geological analysis to determine the deep ore body further includes: performing electrical sounding on the main ore body area where the shallow ore body in the ore-bearing fault is located to obtain a preset number of electrical sounding profiles; analyzing the apparent polarization rate in the shallow part above the detachment fault and the apparent polarization rate in the deep part below the detachment fault in the preset number of electrical sounding profiles to obtain an abnormal zone in the apparent polarization rate in the deep part below the detachment fault, and determining the deep ore body according to the depth and occurrence of the shallow ore body in the ore-bearing fault in the abnormal zone.

[0024] Preferably, the method for estimating the ore body resource amount of the deep ore body by the geological block method to determine the deposit scale includes:

[0025] Performing block projection on the deep ore body by the horizontal projection method of the ore body to obtain the longitudinal projection area S of the block, the average horizontal thickness M of the block, the unit volume mass D of the ore, and the average grade C of the block;

[0026] Determining the volume V of the block according to the longitudinal projection area S of the block and the average horizontal thickness M of the block; where V = S×M;

[0027] Determining the ore amount Q of the block according to the volume V of the block and the unit volume mass D of the ore; where Q = V×D;

[0028] Determining the metal resource amount P of the block according to the ore amount Q of the block and the average grade C of the block; where P = Q×C;

[0029] Determining the metal resource amount T of the ore body according to the metal resource amount P of the block; where T = ∑P;

[0030] Determining the deposit scale according to the metal resource amount T of the ore body.

[0031] Preferably, obtaining the average grade C of the block includes: obtaining the grade and sample length of the ore body sample, and determining the average grade of a single project by the weighted average method; obtaining the average grade of each single project in the block, and determining the average grade C of the block by the thickness weighted average method.

[0032] Preferably, obtaining the average horizontal thickness M of the block includes:

[0033] In each ore body sample, obtaining the sample length L of the ore body sample, the ore bed dip angle α, the sample slope angle β, and the included angle γ between the hole deviation azimuth and the ore body strike;

[0034] Determining the true thickness h of the ore body sample and the vertical thickness H of the block according to the sample length L, the ore bed dip angle α, the sample slope angle β, and the included angle γ between the hole deviation azimuth and the ore body strike.

[0035] where h = L(sinα.cosβ.sinγ + sinβ.cosα);

[0036] H = L(tanα.cosβ.sinγ + sinβ);

[0037] Determine the average horizontal thickness M of the block according to the arithmetic mean of the vertical thickness H of each ore body sample in the block.

[0038] Preferably, obtaining the longitudinal projection area S of the block includes: performing block projection on the deep ore body according to the horizontal projection method of the ore body to obtain a horizontal projection map; performing geological information system zoning according to the shape of the block on the horizontal projection map to obtain the area of the geological information system area; determining the longitudinal projection area S of the block according to the area of the geological information system area and the map scale of the horizontal projection map.

[0039] Implementing one of the above technical solutions of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0040] The present invention first determines a key investigation area with prospecting potential in the metallogenic belt area, circles the area where the mineralization intensity of the ore-bearing geological body in the key investigation area exceeds the threshold, that is, the key exploration area. By exposing the shallow ore bodies in the key exploration area, the target ore body is determined, and the first basic geological characteristics of the downward extension of the target ore body are inferred to obtain the shallow ore body. The shallow ore body that meets the preset conditions is obtained through preliminary inspection by shallow drilling to avoid environmental damage. The second basic geological characteristics of the downward extension of the shallow ore body are inferred to obtain the shallow ore body. After environmental assessment, the third basic geological characteristics of the downward extension of the deep ore body are re-inspected by deep drilling, realizing the combination of geology and geophysical exploration, comprehensively analyzing and effectively discriminating the output position of the tin ore body produced in the detachment fault, and effectively reducing the waste of human and financial resources caused by blindly carrying out environmental assessment. Description of the Drawings

[0041] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings. In the drawings:

[0042] Figure 1 is the flowchart of the embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 is the 1:50,000 scale geological mapping of the embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 3is the 1:2000 scale geological cross-section of the embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 4a is the schematic diagram of the transverse magnetic wave mode of the inversion result of the magnetotelluric sounding profile XA2 line of the embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 4b is the schematic diagram of the transverse electric wave mode of the inversion result of the magnetotelluric sounding profile XA2 line of the embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 4c is the schematic diagram of the geological interpretation result of the inversion result of the magnetotelluric sounding profile XA2 line of the embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 5a is the schematic diagram of the transverse magnetic wave mode of the inversion result of the magnetotelluric sounding profile XA3 line of the embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 5b is the schematic diagram of the transverse electric wave mode of the inversion result of the magnetotelluric sounding profile XA3 line of the embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 5c is the schematic diagram of the geological interpretation result of the inversion result of the magnetotelluric sounding profile XA3 line of the embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 6 is the schematic diagram of the induced polarization sounding profile J3 line of the embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 7 is the schematic diagram of the induced polarization sounding profile J4 line of the embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 8 is the schematic diagram of the induced polarization sounding profile J5 line of the embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 9 is the schematic diagram of the induced polarization sounding profile J6 line of the embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 10 is the schematic diagram of the induced polarization sounding profile J7 line of the embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 11 is the schematic diagram of the induced polarization sounding profile J8 line of the embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 12 is the schematic diagram of the induced polarization sounding profile J9 line of the embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 13 is the schematic diagram of the induced polarization sounding profile J10 line of the embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 14It is a schematic diagram of the induced polarization sounding profile J0 line of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 15 It is a schematic diagram of the induced polarization sounding profile J1 line of an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0061] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, various exemplary embodiments to be described below will refer to the corresponding drawings, which form a part of the exemplary embodiments and describe various exemplary embodiments that may be adopted to implement the present invention. Unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements. The implementation manners described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all implementation manners consistent with the present disclosure. It should be understood that they are only examples of processes, methods, devices, etc. that are consistent with some aspects of the present invention disclosed in detail in the appended claims. Other embodiments may also be used, or structural and functional modifications may be made to the embodiments listed herein without departing from the scope and essence of the present invention.

[0062] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that terms such as "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Terms such as "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of the indicated technical features. The meaning of the term "plurality" is two or more. The term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0063] In order to illustrate the technical solutions described in the present invention, the following will be described through specific embodiments, and only the parts related to the embodiments of the present invention are shown.

[0064] Embodiment 1:

[0065] As Figure 1 shown, the present invention provides a prospecting and exploration method for cassiterite sulfide type tin ore, including:

[0066] S10. Determine a favorable area in the ore-forming belt area, and carry out mineral geological mapping surveys at a scale of 1:50,000 and stream sediment surveys at a scale of 1:50,000 within the favorable area to determine the key investigation area;

[0067] S20. After determining the key exploration area within the key investigation area, delineate the ore-bearing geological bodies in the key investigation area and expose the shallow ore bodies through trenching works. Lock the target ore body in the exposed shallow ore bodies, obtain the first basic geological characteristics of the downward extension of the target ore body, determine the shallow ore body according to the first basic geological characteristics, conduct shallow drilling and verification on the shallow ore body, and obtain the shallow ore body that meets the preset conditions. Among them, the target ore body is a cassiterite sulfide type tin ore, and the first basic geological characteristics are the dip and dip angle of the downward extension of the target ore body;

[0068] S30. Conduct geophysical exploration and comprehensive geological analysis on the shallow ore body that meets the preset conditions to determine the third basic geological characteristics of the extension of the deep ore body, and then carry out environmental assessment and deep drilling verification. Determine the ore deposit scale through the geological block method. Among them, the third basic geological characteristics are the dip and dip angle of the downward extension of the deep ore body. Specifically, for example, the present invention can be used to detect the occurrence location of tin ore in the Himalayan metallogenic belt area in the high plateau area, so as to accurately find the location of the cassiterite sulfide type tin ore deposit in the Himalayan metallogenic belt area. Since the present invention is a prospecting and exploration method for cassiterite sulfide type tin ore, the target ore body is a cassiterite sulfide type tin ore. When the present invention is applicable to prospecting other ore bodies, the target ore body can be adaptively set to the corresponding ore body of other substances to be explored. The basic geological characteristics are information such as the dip and dip angle of the downward extension of the ore body. The first basic geological characteristics are information such as the dip and dip angle of the downward extension of the target ore body. The third basic geological characteristics are information such as the dip and dip angle of the downward extension of the deep ore body.

[0069] The present invention first determines the key investigation area with prospecting potential in the metallogenic belt area, delineates the area where the mineralization intensity of the ore-bearing geological body in the key investigation area exceeds the threshold, that is, the key exploration area. By exposing the shallow ore body in the key exploration area, the target ore body is determined. The first basic geological characteristics of the downward extension of the target ore body are speculated to obtain the shallow ore body. The shallow ore body that meets the preset conditions is obtained through preliminary shallow drilling inspection to avoid environmental damage. The second basic geological characteristics of the downward extension of the shallow ore body are speculated to obtain the deep ore body from the shallow ore body. After environmental assessment, the third basic geological characteristics of the extension of the deep ore body are verified by deep drilling for the second time, realizing the combination of geology and geophysics, and comprehensively analyzing to effectively identify the occurrence location of the tin ore body produced in the detachment fault, effectively reducing the waste of human and financial resources caused by blindly carrying out environmental assessment.

[0070] As an alternative embodiment, favorable areas are determined in the metallogenic belt region, and mineral geological mapping surveys at a scale of 1:50,000 and stream sediment surveys at a scale of 1:50,000 are carried out within the favorable areas to determine key investigation areas, including: determining favorable areas through the strata, structures, magmatic rocks, mineral investigation reports and mineral data of the metallogenic belt region. Mineral geological mapping surveys at a scale of 1:50,000 are carried out within the favorable areas to determine the distribution range of schists with a tin content greater than a set threshold in the favorable areas. Stream sediment surveys at a scale of 1:50,000 are carried out within the favorable areas to analyze the metallogenic potential of elements in the stream sediments and determine anomaly areas. Key investigation areas are determined based on the distribution range of schists with a tin content greater than the set threshold and the anomaly areas in the favorable areas.

[0071] Specifically, when the present invention is used for prospecting and exploration of cassiterite sulfide type tin deposits in the Himalayan metallogenic belt region in the high plateau area, it can be clearly seen from the existing geochemical exploration data results that the Himalayan metallogenic belt region has great prospecting potential. Through the existing strata, structures, magmatic rocks, mineral investigation reports and mineral data of the Himalayan metallogenic belt region, it is possible to determine the area with extremely favorable factors in the eastern section of the Himalayan metallogenic belt region (i.e., the Zhaxikang ore concentration area in the eastern section of the Himalayan metallogenic belt region), thereby determining the favorable area. Mineral geological mapping surveys at a scale of 1:50,000 and stream sediment surveys at a scale of 1:50,000 are carried out within the favorable area and its periphery, and a geological map at a scale of 1:50,000 can be obtained. Based on the information on the geological map at a scale of 1:50,000, the distribution range of schists with a tin content greater than the set threshold in the Himalayan metallogenic belt region (such as the Xianglin mining area of Cuona Cave) is determined.

[0072] More specifically, the set threshold of the tin content is adaptively set according to actual needs. The Sn content in Himalayan schist (the protolith is sedimentary rock) is relatively high, ranging from 3.7 to 6.1 ppm, and the set threshold of the tin content is preferably 3.7 ppm. Sn and W are mainly hosted in mica, sphene and rutile in the schist. The dehydration partial melting of muscovite and biotite can release a large amount of Sn and W. The magma temperature calculated by the zircon Ti thermometer of the Cuona Cave leucocratic granite is relatively high, indicating that partial melting of muscovite and biotite has occurred in the magmatic rock source area, and a melt rich in Sn and W can be formed.

[0073] Carrying out 1:50,000 scale stream sediment survey in the favorable area and its periphery can determine that the content of anomalous elements in the stream sediments measured in the favorable area is high, the anomaly scale is large, the combination of anomalous elements is complex, the concentration center of anomalous elements is obvious, and the anomalous elements are well nested with each other. The combination of anomalous elements is W, Sn, Bi, As, Mo, Cu, Pb, Sb, Zn, Ag, Au, Mn, Hg. By comprehensively evaluating the location, scope and mineralization intensity of tin mineralization in the favorable area, an anomalous area with high tin mineralization content, large anomaly scale and obvious tin element concentration center is determined. As Figure 2 shown, a circular Sn comprehensive anomalous area has been delineated in Cona Dong. According to the distribution range of schist with tin content greater than the set threshold and the anomalous area in the favorable area, Cona Dong dome in the Himalayan metallogenic belt area is selected as the key investigation area.

[0074] As an optional implementation method, after determining the key exploration area in the key investigation area, delineate the ore-bearing geological bodies in the key investigation area and expose the shallow ore bodies through trenching projects. Lock the target ore body in the exposed shallow ore bodies, obtain the first basic geological characteristics of the downward extension of the target ore body, determine the shallow ore body according to the first basic geological characteristics, and conduct shallow drilling and verification on the shallow ore body to obtain a shallow ore body that meets the preset conditions, including: carrying out 1:5,000 scale rock geochemical profile survey in the key investigation area, and combining with surface mineralization clues to determine the key exploration area. Carry out 1:10,000 scale special geological mapping in the key exploration area to delineate the ore-bearing geological bodies, and after carrying out 1:2,000 scale geological profile survey in the key exploration area, conduct surface or shallow trenching projects in the key exploration area to expose the shallow ore bodies. Judge whether the shallow ore body is a cassiterite sulfide type tin ore. If so, speculate the first basic geological characteristics of the extension of the target ore body according to the occurrence of the strata and detachment faults. Obtain the output range of the target ore body, carry out 1:2,000 scale mine geological mapping survey and geophysical exploration within the output range to determine the second basic geological characteristics of the extension of the shallow ore body, and detect the second basic geological characteristics through shallow drilling to obtain a shallow ore body that meets the preset conditions.

[0075] Specifically, by conducting rock geochemical profile surveys at a scale of 1:5,000 in the key investigation areas, during the profile survey process, certain positioning is carried out on the mineralization that is easily recognizable by the naked eye to determine the key exploration areas. Design the positions of rock geochemical profile surveys on the work deployment map, determine the starting point, azimuth, and total length of the profile, sample according to the sampling point interval in the geochemical exploration specification, and further narrow down the exploration scope through the analysis results of ore-forming elements. In the early stage, during the 1:50,000-scale mineral geological mapping survey in step S10, during the route geological survey, surface ores, mineralized bricks or other mineralization clues can be locally found, and these points are recorded and marked with special codes in the mapping records and geological maps. Through the 1:5,000-scale rock geochemical profile survey and the surface mineralization clues obtained from the early 1:50,000-scale geological mapping, the target points for finding ore bodies are more accurately determined, the key exploration areas are determined, the exploration area scope is further narrowed, the exploration accuracy is improved, and the exploration cost is reduced. The scope of the key exploration areas is clearly within the scope of the key investigation areas. In the key investigation areas, work is mainly carried out on special or important ore-bearing geological bodies, and then target geological bodies, ore bodies or mineralized bodies are searched for on the surface. The key exploration areas are obtained by delineating the geological bodies, ore bodies or mineralized bodies found on the surface within the key investigation areas into a smaller scope.

[0076] When conducting 1:10,000-scale special geological mapping in the key exploration areas, identifying ore-bearing geological bodies by the naked eye or with the help of a magnifying glass is a conventional method for quickly and intuitively discovering ore bodies in the field. The 1:10,000-scale geological map obtained from the 1:10,000-scale special geological mapping in the key exploration areas can effectively improve the surface prospecting accuracy, delineate the scope of surface ore-bearing geological bodies, and judge the mineralization intensity at different positions by observing the number of target mineral particles per square centimeter and the number of ore bodies per square meter with the naked eye and a magnifying glass, and determine the scope and intensity of different mineralization degrees on the surface. While conducting 1:10,000-scale special geological mapping in the key exploration areas, conduct 1:2,000-scale geological profile surveys to obtain 1:2,000-scale geological profile diagrams (such as Figure 3 shown). According to the information of the 1:2,000-scale geological profile diagram and the 1:10,000-scale geological map, determine the ore-bearing geological body with the strongest mineralization and the location of boulders in the key exploration areas, and deploy surface trenching projects to moderately expose shallow ore bodies.

[0077] The exposed shallow ore bodies include multiple shallow ore body outcrops. The exposed shallow ore bodies are analyzed and identified to determine whether the shallow ore bodies are cassiterite sulfide type tin ores. If the shallow ore bodies are cassiterite sulfide type tin ores, then the shallow ore bodies are target ore bodies. If the shallow ore bodies are not cassiterite sulfide type tin ores, then the shallow ore bodies are excluded from subsequent exploration work. When the shallow ore bodies are target ore bodies, since the shallow ore bodies are mainly produced in detachment faults, the first basic geological characteristics such as the tendency and dip angle of the ore-bearing faults and the downward extension of the shallow ore bodies can be inferred from the attitudes of the strata and detachment faults. In the output range of the target ore bodies, a 1:2,000 scale geological mapping survey of the mining area is carried out to accurately define the first basic geological characteristics of the target ore bodies and strengthen the refined geological mapping. While carrying out the 1:2,000 scale geological mapping survey of the mining area, geophysical exploration is carried out to obtain the characteristics such as the depth and attitude of the deep extension of the ore-bearing faults. The ranges and extensions of each target ore body determined by combining the ore bodies exposed by surface engineering and the ore bodies already exposed on the surface with methods such as 1:2,000 scale refined geological mapping and geophysical exploration are used to more accurately infer the downward extension of the ore bodies, thereby determining the shallow ore bodies and further determining the second basic geological characteristics of the extension of the shallow ore bodies and clarifying the better exploration potential in the deep part.

[0078] In the high plateau area with fragile ecological environment, large-scale engineering operations are not carried out and the turf does not need to be damaged. By conducting shallow drilling within the output range of the target ore bodies, it is verified whether the actual basic geological characteristics of the shallow ore bodies obtained after shallow drilling are consistent with the second basic geological characteristics of the inferred shallow ore bodies. If they are consistent, then the shallow ore bodies meet the preset conditions and provide reliable geological condition support for the subsequent deep verification; if they are inconsistent, it means that the shallow ore bodies do not meet the preset conditions and the shallow ore bodies and deep ore bodies need to be re-determined. Shallow drilling verification avoids the administrative approval of environmental impact assessment, shortens the exploration cycle, saves the time for environmental impact assessment, and effectively reduces the waste of human and financial resources caused by blindly carrying out environmental impact assessment. At the same time, it avoids the situation of damaging the fragile ecological environment of the mining area caused by large-scale engineering prospecting operations when the position and deposit scale of the inaccurate deep ore bodies are unknown.

[0079] As an optional implementation method, geophysical exploration and comprehensive geological analysis are carried out on the shallow ore bodies that meet the preset conditions to determine the third basic geological characteristics of the deep extension of the ore bodies, and then environmental impact assessment and deep drilling verification are carried out. The deposit scale is determined by the geological block method, including: inferring the depth and attitude of the downward extension of the shallow ore bodies in the ore-bearing faults through geophysical exploration and comprehensive geological analysis to determine the deep ore bodies. Obtain the third basic geological characteristics of the deep extension of the ore bodies and carry out environmental impact assessment. Detect the third basic geological characteristics of the deep extension of the deep ore bodies controlled by the deep interlayer detachment faults through deep drilling. Estimate the ore body resources of the deep ore bodies by the geological block method to determine the deposit scale.

[0080] Specifically, geophysical exploration and comprehensive geological analysis can accurately infer the extension of deep and deep-seated ore bodies, facilitating the precise positioning of the ore bodies in the deep and achieving precise mining. Environmental impact assessment is to evaluate the possible impacts of the project on the environment. Conducting environmental impact assessment is to protect the ecological environment in the high plateau area. In the high plateau area, the impacts on factors such as water sources, biodiversity, and grasslands are mainly evaluated. After the relevant departments complete the environmental assessment, they need to monitor and supervise the environmental impacts. Through deep drilling, further verify whether the actual basic geological characteristics of the extension of the deep ore body are consistent with the third basic geological characteristics of the extension of the deep ore body analyzed through geophysical exploration and comprehensive geological analysis. If so, further determine the location of the deep ore body. If not, recalibrate the location of the deep ore body to achieve the precise positioning of the deep ore body. The ore deposit scale includes large ore deposits, medium ore deposits, and small ore deposits. Use the geological block method to determine the ore deposit scale according to the relevant ore deposit scale division standards, which is convenient for users to plan the mining of the ore deposit. When estimating each ore body controlled by engineering one by one through the geological block method, the most advanced resource estimation software Micromine can be used to verify the resource amount of the target ore body.

[0081] As an optional implementation method, through geophysical exploration and comprehensive geological analysis, infer the depth and occurrence of the shallow ore body extending downward in the ore-bearing fault, and determine the deep ore body, including:

[0082] Conduct a survey on the main ore body area where the shallow ore body in the ore-bearing fault is located through magnetotelluric sounding, and obtain two magnetotelluric sounding profiles. By analyzing the inversion results of the deep and shallow resistances in the transverse magnetic wave mode and the inversion results of the deep and shallow resistances in the transverse electric wave mode of the two magnetotelluric sounding profiles, infer the depth and occurrence of the shallow ore body extending downward in the ore-bearing fault, and determine the deep ore body. Specifically, magnetotelluric sounding is a type of electrical method branch method that conducts sounding by changing the electromagnetic field frequency. It utilizes the skin effect of electromagnetic induction, that is, high-frequency electromagnetic fields penetrate shallowly and low-frequency electromagnetic fields penetrate deeply. Under the condition that the distance between the field source and the receiving point remains unchanged, change the frequency of the electromagnetic field to achieve the purpose of sounding. When the geophysical exploration is magnetotelluric sounding, when conducting a survey on the main ore body area where the shallow ore body in the ore-bearing fault is located through magnetotelluric sounding, the two magnetotelluric sounding profiles obtained are the XA2 line and the XA3 line respectively.

[0083] More specifically, the inversion results of the XA2 line are divided into two modes, namely the transverse magnetic wave mode (i.e., the TM mode, as Figure 4a shown) and the transverse electric wave mode (i.e., the TE mode, as Figure 4bAs shown in the figure). The inversion results of the TM mode of the XA2 line are generally divided into two parts. The deep part is generally characterized by high resistivity, and the shallow part is generally characterized by low resistivity. Especially in the left section (northwest direction) of the profile, the resistivity is the lowest. The overall high resistivity range in the deep part is 104 - 107 Ω·m, and it is inclined towards the northwest direction of the profile as a whole. Especially in the range of 1000 - 2500 m in horizontal distance, the performance is more obvious. The resistivity value in the shallow part is 1 - 104 Ω·m, which is a local circular anomaly. The inversion results of the TE mode of the XA2 line also show high resistivity characteristics in the deep part, but the area is smaller and it is also discontinuous. Similar to the TM mode of the XA2 line, there are also multiple local circular anomalies in the shallow part of the inversion results of the TE mode of the XA2 line. It can be seen that the TM mode of the XA2 line fits well with the geology and is more suitable for finding this type of ore body. Such as Figure 4c As shown, it shows the geological interpretation results of the inversion results of the magnetotelluric sounding profile XA2 line.

[0084] The transverse magnetic wave mode (i.e., TM mode, as Figure 5a shown) and the transverse electric wave mode (i.e., TE mode, as Figure 5b shown) of the XA3 line have extremely similar geological interpretation results to those of the XA2 line. There are certain differences between the inversion results of the TM mode and the TE mode of the XA3 line. The inversion of the TM mode of the XA3 line shows that it is characterized by overall high resistivity in the deep part, while the TE mode shows high resistivity in the middle and low resistivity above and below. However, the distribution range of the high-resistivity body in the TE mode of the XA3 line is larger and more continuous. In the shallow part, the inversion results of the TM mode and the TE mode of the XA3 line are similar, and there are multiple local circular anomalies. Such as Figure 5c As shown, it shows the geological interpretation results of the inversion results of the magnetotelluric sounding profile XA3 line. Through the results of these two geophysical exploration methods, the TM mode is more consistent with the verified geological facts, while the TE mode has a larger error. In the present invention, it can be considered that the TM mode is more suitable for finding this type of ore deposit.

[0085] Method for determining the basic geological characteristics of the ore body extension: The ore body is mainly produced in the interlayer detachment layer. The basic geological characteristics of the deep extension of the ore body can be inferred through the resistivity change boundary and the position of the ore body in the surface fracture zone.

[0086] As an optional implementation manner, by geophysical exploration and comprehensive geological analysis, infer the depth and occurrence of the shallow ore body extending downward in the ore-bearing fault to determine the deep ore body, and it further includes:

[0087] The main ore body area where the shallow ore body in the ore-bearing fault is located is surveyed by induced polarization sounding to obtain a preset number of induced polarization sounding profiles. By analyzing the apparent polarization rate in the shallow part above the detachment fault and the apparent polarization rate in the deep part below the detachment fault of the preset number of induced polarization sounding profiles, the abnormal zone in the apparent polarization rate in the deep part below the detachment fault is obtained, and the deep ore body is determined according to the depth and occurrence of the downward extension of the shallow ore body in the ore-bearing fault.

[0088] Specifically, induced polarization sounding infers the physical property information of the formation by injecting current into the formation and measuring the resistivity. Its principle is based on the fact that the difference in resistivity will lead to changes in the current distribution and then the potential distribution. When the current passes through the reservoir, it will be affected by resistance, inductance and capacitance, thus generating a potential difference. By measuring the resistivity difference between the measuring electrode pairs, the properties of the formation can be inferred. When the geophysical exploration is induced polarization sounding, the main ore body area where the shallow ore body in the ore-bearing fault is located is surveyed by induced polarization sounding to obtain a preset number of induced polarization sounding profiles. The preset number of induced polarization sounding profiles is preferably ten induced polarization sounding profiles, namely Line J3, Line J4, Line J5, Line J6, Line J7, Line J8, Line J9, Line J10, Line J0 and Line J1.

[0089] More specifically, as Figure 6 shown, the apparent polarization rate of points J1-J24 (the left section of the profile, northwest direction) in the J3 line profile is relatively high, and the range of the apparent polarization rate is 10-33%, with an average of 19.7%. And point J24 is just the boundary between the Jurassic system and the deformation zone (i.e., the detachment fault) determined by surface geological observation, that is, the boundary between slate, shale and schist, marble, and skarn. According to the previous rock physics research in the Zhashikang mining area, Tibet, we believe that the relatively high apparent polarization rate shown by points J1-J24 is mainly caused by the carbonaceous slate and shale in the Jurassic system. The apparent polarization rate of points J25-J58 (the right section of the profile) is relatively low, and the range of the apparent polarization rate is 2-11%, with an average of 5%. Among points J25-J58, there are two abnormal zones in total. Among them, the average apparent polarization rate of the first abnormal zone (points J27-J29) is 8.8%, corresponding to the fracture zone revealed by geological mapping observation and BT123. The average apparent polarization rate of the second abnormal zone (points J35-J38) is 9.9%, corresponding to the Z13 ore (mineralized) body revealed by geological mapping observation and BT126.

[0090] As Figure 7As shown in the figure, the apparent polarization rate of points J1 - J45 (left section of the profile, northwest direction) in the J4 line profile is relatively high, with the apparent polarization rate ranging from 7% to 33%, and the average being 18.2%. And point J45 is exactly the boundary (detachment fault) between Jurassic slate, shale and deformed zone schist, marble, skarn determined by surface geological observation. According to the previous rock physics research in the Zhashikang mining area, Tibet, we believe that the relatively high apparent polarization rate shown by points J1 - J45 is mainly caused by Jurassic carbonaceous slate and shale. The apparent polarization rate of points J46 - J72 (right section of the profile) is relatively low, with the apparent polarization rate ranging from 1% to 26%, and the average being 7%. Among points J46 - J72, there is a total of one abnormal zone. The average apparent polarization rate of this abnormal zone (points J55 - J59) is 19%. Although the apparent polarization rate of this abnormal zone is relatively high, because this abnormal zone is entirely located in the deformed zone, based on the IP anomaly of the J3 line and the strike of the Z13 ore (mineralized) body, it can be inferred that the abnormal zone at points J55 - J59 in the J4 line profile may be caused by a deep - buried ore (mineralized) body (extension of Z13).

[0091] As Figure 8 shown, the apparent polarization rate of points J1 - J16 (left section of the profile, northwest direction) in the J5 line profile is relatively high, with the apparent polarization rate ranging from 3% to 28.5%, and the average being 12.4%. And point J16 is exactly the boundary (detachment fault) between Jurassic slate, shale and deformed zone schist, marble, skarn determined by surface geological observation. According to the previous rock physics research in the Zhashikang mining area, Tibet, we believe that the relatively high apparent polarization rate shown by points J1 - J16 is mainly caused by Jurassic carbonaceous slate and shale. The apparent polarization rate of points J17 - J60 (right section of the profile) is relatively low, with the apparent polarization rate ranging from 1% to 17%, and the average being 4.8%. Among points J17 - J60, there are two abnormal zones. Among them, the average apparent polarization rate of the first abnormal zone (points J22 - J23) is 13%. Due to the small scale of this abnormal zone, it may be caused by a branch of a deep - buried ore (mineralized) body (extension of Z13). The average apparent polarization rate of the second abnormal zone (points J30 - J34) is 10%, which is slightly larger than the first abnormal zone, and it is inferred that it may be caused by a deep - buried ore (mineralized) body (extension of Z13). In addition, there is no IP anomaly showing at the boundary between the schist in the deformed zone and the Quaternary (about point J41).

[0092] As Figure 9As shown, the apparent polarizability of points J1-J27 (left section of the profile, northwest direction) in the J6 line profile is relatively high, ranging from 12-37% and averaging 21%. Point J27 happens to be the boundary (detachment fault) of Jurassic slate, shale and deformation zone schist, marble and skarn determined by surface geological observations. Based on previous rock physics research in the Zhaxikang mining area in Tibet, we believe that the higher apparent polarizability shown by points J1-J27 is mainly caused by Jurassic carbonaceous slate and shale. The apparent polarizability of points J28-J62 (right section of the profile) is relatively low, ranging from 1-13% and averaging 6%. There are two abnormal zones in points J28-J62. Among them, the average apparent polarizability of the first abnormal zone (J34-J36) is 10.8%. Since this abnormal zone is small in scale, it may be caused by a branch of a deep hidden mineralization body (Z13 extension). The average apparent polarizability of the second abnormal zone (J40-J46) is 9%, which is slightly larger than the first abnormal zone. It is inferred that it may be caused by a deep hidden mineralization body (Z13 extension). Similarly, there is no induced polarization anomaly display for the boundary between the schist in the deformation zone and the Quaternary system (approximately J53).

[0093] like Figure 10 As shown, the J7 line section is all located in the Quaternary system, schist and rock mass. The apparent polarizability of points J1-J8 is relatively high, averaging 8.5%, and the anomaly is large in scale. This anomaly corresponds to the Z1-1 mineralization body and mineralized fracture zone revealed by BT132 and BT133 in geological mapping observations. The apparent polarizability of point J10 is 7.4%, and the apparent polarizability of point J13 is 8.3%. They can be regarded as two single-point anomalies and are inferred to be the extension of the Z6 mineralization body. The apparent polarizability of points J36-J38 is relatively high, averaging 7%. This anomaly zone can be regarded as a branch of the extension of the Z7 mineralization body. In the section, the apparent polarizability of points J42-J52 is relatively high, with a wide anomaly range and large scale. The apparent polarizability range is 4-11%, with an average of 8%. From the value and scale of the abnormal apparent polarizability, it can be inferred that the abnormal zone is a mineral-induced anomaly, but it is not certain whether it is related to the Z8 mineralization body to the east of the section.

[0094] like Figure 11As shown in the figure, the J8 line profile is entirely located in the Quaternary system, schist, and rock mass. The apparent polarization rate at points J4 - J6 is relatively high, with an average of 8.8%, and it is inferred to be an extension section of the Z1 - 1 ore (mineralized) body. The apparent polarization rate at points J10 - J13 is relatively high, with a large scale. The range of the apparent polarization rate is 11 - 22%, and the average is 16%. This anomaly is located approximately 170 m west of the already exposed Z6 ore (mineralized) body and is inferred to be an extension section of the Z6 ore (mineralized) body. In the profile, the apparent polarization rate at points J26 - J33 is the highest, with the largest scale. The range of the apparent polarization rate is 1 - 30%, and there are two obvious peaks, with an average of 16%. This anomaly is located west of the Z7 ore (mineralized) body and the ore-bearing fracture zone, and is inferred to be an extension section of the Z7 mineralization. At points J45 - J50, there is a relatively unobvious apparent polarization rate anomaly, with an average of 5%. There are no other IP profiles to the east of this profile. The apparent polarization rate here is not high, and the anomaly is not very obvious. Therefore, it is temporarily impossible to infer whether this anomaly is ore-induced and whether it is related to the Z8 ore (mineralized) body to the east of the profile.

[0095] As Figure 12 shown, the left section (northwest direction) of the J9 line profile is located in the Jurassic strata, and the other parts are located in the Quaternary system and schist. The apparent polarization rate at points J1 - J7 is relatively high, with a range of 12 - 26% and an average of 20%. The anomaly scale is relatively large. Point J7 is also exactly the boundary (detachment fault) between the Jurassic system and the deformation zone determined by surface geological observation, that is, the boundary between slate, shale, schist, marble, and skarn. Based on previous rock physics research in the Zhashikang mining area, Tibet, we believe that the relatively high apparent polarization rate shown at points J1 - J7 is mainly caused by carbonaceous slate and shale in the Jurassic system. The apparent polarization rate at points J10 - J13 is relatively high, with an average of 14%. This anomaly zone corresponds to the Z1 - 1 ore (mineralized) body and the ore-bearing fracture zone exposed by geological mapping observation and BT132, BT133. The apparent polarization rate at point J20 is 13.8%, and the apparent polarization rate at point J23 is 8.9%. These can be regarded as two single-point anomalies and are inferred to be a branch of the extension section of the Z6 or Z7 ore (mineralized) body. The apparent polarization rate at points J35 - J37 is relatively high, with a range of 6 - 10% and an average of 8%. Judging from the anomaly apparent polarization rate value and scale, it can be inferred that this anomaly zone is ore-induced, but it is not certain whether it is related to the Z8 ore (mineralized) body to the east of the profile.

[0096] As Figure 13As shown in the figure, the left section (northwest direction) of the J10 line profile is located in the Jurassic strata, and the other parts are located in the Quaternary system and schist. The apparent polarization rates at points J1-J6 are relatively high, with the apparent polarization rate ranging from 10% to 19% and an average of 14.5%, and the anomaly scale is relatively large. Point J6 is just the boundary (detachment fault) between the Jurassic system and the deformation zone determined by surface geological observation, that is, the boundary between slate, shale and schist, marble, and skarn. According to the previous rock physics research in the Zhashikang mining area in Tibet, we believe that the relatively high apparent polarization rates shown at points J1-J6 are mainly caused by carbonaceous slate and shale in the Jurassic system. The apparent polarization rate at point J9 is 16.7%, which can be regarded as a single-point anomaly, and this anomaly corresponds to the Z1-1 ore (mineralized) body and the ore-bearing fracture zone exposed by geological mapping observation, BT132, BT133, and BT116. The apparent polarization rate at point J14 is 14.03%, which can be regarded as a single-point anomaly and is inferred to be a branch of the extension section of the Z6 or Z7 ore (mineralized) body.

[0097] As Figure 14 shown, the entire J0 line profile is located in the Jurassic strata and the Quaternary system. The apparent polarization rates at the left end of point J36 are generally relatively high, and it can be considered that mainly carbonaceous slate and shale in the Jurassic system exist below the surface at the left end of point J36. There is an anomaly zone (J0-Y1) at the right end of point J36. The anomaly zone is mainly at points J39-J42, with the apparent polarization rate ranging from 14% to 25% and an average of 18%.

[0098] As Figure 15 shown, the entire J1 line profile is located in the Jurassic system and the Quaternary system. The apparent polarization rates at the left end of point J20 are generally relatively high, with an average of 26%, and it can be considered that mainly carbonaceous slate and shale in the Jurassic system exist below the surface at the left end of point J20. There are three anomaly zones at the right end of point J20, namely J1-Y1, J1-Y2, and J1-Y3. The apparent polarization rates of the anomaly zones are mostly >10%. Due to insufficient evidence, the nature of these anomaly zones cannot be determined at present.

[0099] Through the anomaly zones in the above IP sounding profiles, the depth and occurrence of the shallow ore bodies in the ore-bearing faults can be inferred, so as to determine the third basic geological characteristics of the deep ore bodies and the extension of the deep ore bodies.

[0100] As an alternative implementation, the orebody resource volume of the deep orebody is estimated by the geological block method to determine the deposit scale, including: using the horizontal projection method of the orebody to project the deep orebody in blocks to obtain the longitudinal projection area S of the block, the average horizontal thickness M of the block, the unit volume mass D of the ore, and the average grade C of the block. According to the longitudinal projection area S of the block and the average horizontal thickness M of the block, the volume V of the block is determined, where V = S × M. According to the volume V of the block and the unit volume mass D of the ore, the ore quantity Q of the block is determined, where Q = V × D. According to the ore quantity Q of the block and the average grade C of the block, the metal resource volume P of the block is determined, where P = Q × C. According to the metal resource volume P of the block, the metal resource volume T of the orebody is determined, where T = ∑P. According to the metal resource volume T of the orebody, the deposit scale is determined.

[0101] Specifically, according to the occurrence form of the orebody and the existing engineering control degree, the geological block method is selected for the estimation of the orebody resource volume in this time. The geological block method is a professional method for calculating mineral resource reserves. In view of the fact that the Z10 cassiterite sulfide type orebody and the Z1 skarn type orebody are both gently inclined orebodies with a stratiform shape, the calculation is completed by dividing the blocks using the horizontal projection method of the orebody. This method is suitable for low-lying to moderately inclined stratiform orebodies, can make full use of various control engineering to reasonably divide the orebody blocks, is conducive to calculating the area through simple geometric figures and calculating the volume, and has little distortion. The estimation method for the associated mineral resource volume is the same as that for the main mineral resource volume.

[0102] In the above formulas: V is the volume of the block (m 3 ), S is the longitudinal projection area of the block (m 2 ), M is the average horizontal thickness of the block (m), Q is the ore quantity of the block (t), D is the unit volume mass of the ore (t / m 3 ), P is the metal resource volume of the block (such as tin, tungsten or beryllium, all in kg), C is the average grade of the block (such as tin, tungsten or beryllium, all in %), and T is the metal resource volume of the orebody (such as tin, tungsten or beryllium, all in kg).

[0103] As an alternative implementation, obtaining the average grade C of the block includes: obtaining the grade and sample length of the orebody sample, determining the average grade of a single engineering by the weighted average method, obtaining the average grade of each single engineering in the block, and determining the average grade C of the block by the thickness weighted average method. Specifically, the total metal volume of the orebody divided by the total ore quantity is equal to the average grade of the orebody.

[0104] As an alternative implementation, obtaining the average horizontal thickness M of the block includes:

[0105] In each orebody sample, obtain the sample length L of the orebody sample, the dip angle α of the ore seam, the sample slope angle β, and the angle γ between the hole inclination azimuth and the orebody strike.

[0106] According to the sample length L, the dip angle α of the orebody, the slope angle β of the sample, and the included angle γ between the hole deviation azimuth and the orebody strike, determine the true thickness h and the vertical thickness H of the orebody block. Among them, h = L(sinα.cosβ.sinγ + sinβ.cosα), and H = L(tanα.cosβ.sinγ + sinβ).

[0107] Determine the average horizontal thickness M of the block according to the arithmetic mean of the vertical thickness H of each orebody sample block.

[0108] Specifically, the overall change in the thickness of the orebody is not significant. The average vertical thickness of the orebody block is the arithmetic mean of the vertical thickness of the orebody in a single engineering in the block. Since the true dip angle of the rock formation at a specific position in the borehole cannot be actually measured, the dip angle α of the ore layer is obtained by calculating using the contour map of the orebody floor and measuring the orebody dip angle on the exploration line profile. The sample slope angle β is the borehole dip angle, which is obtained by converting the borehole zenith angle. The included angle γ between the hole deviation azimuth and the orebody strike is obtained by measuring the average value on the contour map of the orebody floor according to the orebody strike.

[0109] As an optional implementation method, obtain the longitudinal projection area S of the block, including: performing block projection on the deep orebody according to the horizontal projection method of the orebody to obtain the horizontal projection map. Conducting geological information system zoning according to the shape of the block on the horizontal projection map to obtain the area of the geological information system area. Determine the longitudinal projection area S of the block according to the area of the geological information system area and the map scale of the horizontal projection map. Specifically, on the horizontal projection map for estimating the orebody resource volume, zoning is carried out in the geological information system (Mapgis) according to the shape of the block. The area of the block is determined by the area attribute, and the actual horizontal projection area is obtained by converting the area of the block according to the map scale. The actual horizontal projection area (m 2 ) = Mapgis area (m 2 ) × map scale 2 , and the map scale is 1 / 1000, that is, 1:1000. The numerical value of the Mapgis area on the resource volume estimation map is equal to the actual horizontal projection area (m 2 ).

[0110] For example, a total of 32 small specific gravity samples were collected from the cassiterite sulfide type orebody. While measuring the small specific gravity of the 32 small specific gravity samples of the orebody, the analysis of Sn and WO 3 was also carried out. The results showed that the Sn and WO 3 of 3 small specific gravity samples did not reach the industrial grade, so they were excluded. The average value of the remaining 29 small specific gravity samples is 3.6 g / cm 3 , which is used to represent the specific gravity value of the cassiterite sulfide type ore. The small volume mass results of 15 out of the 32 measured small specific gravity samples are shown in Table 1:

[0111] Table 1

[0112] 。

[0113] For this verification, the ore body block section with the largest resource volume was selected for verification. The verification results show that the tin metal content of this block section estimated by the geological block section method is 3,979 tons, and the tin metal content of this block section estimated based on the geostatistical method is 3,871 tons, with an error of 2.16%, indicating that the estimation results are reliable.

[0114] The embodiment is only a special case and does not indicate that the present invention has only such an implementation manner.

[0115] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art know that various changes or equivalent replacements can be made to these features and embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims of this application belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for prospecting and exploring cassiterite sulfide tin ore, characterized in that: include: Determine favorable areas in the mineralization belt area, and carry out mineral geological mapping surveys at a scale of 1:50,000 and water system sediment surveys at a scale of 1:50,000 in the favorable areas to determine key survey areas; After determining the key exploration area in the key investigation area, delineate the ore-bearing geological body in the key investigation area and expose the shallow ore body through trenching engineering, lock the target ore body in the exposed shallow ore body, obtain the first basic geological feature of the target ore body extending downward, determine the shallow ore body according to the first basic geological feature, conduct shallow drilling and verification on the shallow ore body, and obtain the shallow ore body that meets the preset conditions, wherein the target ore body is a cassiterite sulfide tin ore, and the first basic geological feature is the inclination and dip angle of the target ore body extending downward; Conduct geophysical exploration and comprehensive geological analysis on the shallow ore bodies that meet the preset conditions to determine the third basic geological feature of the deep ore body extension, then carry out environmental impact assessment and deep drilling verification, and determine the scale of the ore deposit through the geological block method, wherein the third basic geological feature is the inclination and dip of the deep ore body extending downward.

2. The method for prospecting and exploration of cassiterite sulfide tin ore according to claim 1, characterized in that: The favorable areas are determined in the mineralization belt area, and mineral geological mapping surveys and water system sediment surveys at a scale of 1:50,000 are carried out in the favorable areas to determine the key survey areas, including: Determine the favorable area through the strata, structure, magmatic rocks, mineral survey reports and mineral data of the mineralization belt area; Conduct mineral geological mapping survey at a scale of 1:50,000 in the favorable area to determine the distribution range of schists with tin content greater than a set threshold in the favorable area; Conducting river sediment survey at a scale of 1:50,000 in the favorable area, analyzing the mineralization potential of elements in river sediments, and identifying abnormal areas; The key investigation area is determined based on the distribution range of schists in the favorable area with tin content greater than a set threshold and the abnormal area.

3. The method for prospecting and exploration of cassiterite sulfide tin ore according to claim 1, characterized in that: After determining the key exploration area in the key investigation area, delineate the ore-bearing geological body in the key investigation area and expose the shallow ore body through trenching engineering, lock the target ore body in the exposed shallow ore body, obtain the first basic geological feature extending downward from the target ore body, determine the shallow ore body according to the first basic geological feature, conduct shallow drilling and verification on the shallow ore body, and obtain the shallow ore body that meets the preset conditions, including: Carry out rock geochemical profile measurement at a scale of 1:5,000 in the key survey area, and determine the key exploration area in combination with surface mineralization clues; Carry out special geological mapping at a scale of 1:10,000 in the key exploration area to delineate the mineralized geological bodies, and after carrying out geological profile measurement at a scale of 1:2,000 in the key exploration area, conduct surface or shallow trenching in the key exploration area to expose the shallow ore bodies; Determining whether the shallow ore body is a cassiterite sulfide type tin ore; If so, inferring the first basic geological feature of the extension of the target ore body according to the occurrence of the strata and the detachment fault; Obtain the output range of the target ore body, conduct a mining area geological mapping survey and geophysical exploration at a scale of 1:2,000 within the output range, determine the second basic geological feature of the shallow ore body extension, and detect the second basic geological feature through shallow drilling to obtain the shallow ore body that meets the preset conditions, wherein the second basic geological feature is the inclination and dip of the shallow ore body extending downward.

4. The method for prospecting and exploration of cassiterite sulfide tin ore according to claim 1, characterized in that: The above mentioned shallow ore bodies meeting the preset conditions are subject to geophysical exploration and comprehensive geological analysis to determine the third basic geological features of the deep ore body extension, and then environmental assessment and deep drilling verification are carried out to determine the scale of the ore deposit through the geological block method, including: The depth and occurrence of the shallow ore body in the ore-bearing fault are inferred through geophysical exploration and comprehensive geological analysis to determine the deep ore body; Obtain the third basic geological characteristics of the deep ore body extension and conduct an environmental impact assessment; Detecting the third basic geological feature of the deep ore body extension controlled by deep interlayer detachment faults by deep drilling; The ore body resources of the deep ore body are estimated by the geological block method to determine the scale of the deposit.

5. The method for prospecting and exploration of cassiterite sulfide tin ore according to claim 4, characterized in that: The method of inferring the downward extension depth and occurrence of the shallow ore body in the ore-bearing fault through geophysical detection and comprehensive geological analysis to determine the deep ore body includes: Surveying the main ore body area where the shallow ore body in the ore-bearing fault is located by magnetotelluric sounding to obtain two magnetotelluric sounding profiles; By analyzing the inversion results of the deep resistance and shallow resistance of the two magnetotelluric sounding profiles in the transverse magnetic wave mode, and the inversion results of the deep resistance and shallow resistance in the transverse electric wave mode, the depth and occurrence of the shallow ore body in the ore-bearing fault are inferred, and the deep ore body is determined.

6. The method for prospecting and exploration of cassiterite sulfide tin ore according to claim 4, characterized in that: The method of inferring the downward extension depth and occurrence of the shallow ore body in the ore-bearing fault through geophysical detection and comprehensive geological analysis to determine the deep ore body also includes: Surveying the main ore body area where the shallow ore body in the ore-bearing fault is located by induced polarization sounding to obtain a preset number of induced polarization sounding profiles; By analyzing the apparent polarizability of the shallow part above the detachment fault and the apparent polarizability of the deep part below the detachment fault of the preset number of induced polarization sounding profiles, the abnormal zone in the apparent polarizability in the deep part below the detachment fault is obtained, and the deep ore body is determined based on the depth and occurrence of the shallow ore body in the ore-bearing fault in the abnormal zone.

7. The method for prospecting and exploring cassiterite sulfide tin ore according to claim 4, characterized in that: The method of estimating the ore body resources of the deep ore body and determining the scale of the ore deposit by using the geological block method includes: The deep ore body is projected into blocks by using the ore body horizontal projection method to obtain the block segment vertical projection area S, the average block segment thickness M, the unit volume mass D of the ore and the average block segment grade C; Determine the block volume V according to the block longitudinal projection area S and the average horizontal thickness M of the block; Where, V = S × M; Determine the block ore quantity Q according to the block volume V and the unit volume mass D of the ore; Where, Q = V × D; Determine the metal resource P of the block according to the block ore quantity Q and the average grade C of the block; Where, P = Q × C; Determine the metal resource volume T of the ore body according to the metal resource volume P of the block segment; Where, T = ∑P; The scale of the ore deposit is determined based on the metal resource amount T of the ore body.

8. The method for prospecting and exploring cassiterite sulfide tin ore according to claim 7, characterized in that: Obtaining the average grade C of the block section includes: Obtain the grade and sample length of the ore body sample, and determine the average grade of a single project by weighted average method; The average grade of each single project in the block is obtained, and the average grade C of the block is determined by the thickness weighted average method.

9. The method for prospecting and exploration of cassiterite sulfide tin ore according to claim 7, characterized in that: Obtaining the average horizontal thickness M of the block segment includes: In each ore body sample, the sample length L, the ore layer inclination angle α, the sample slope angle β and the angle γ between the hole oblique azimuth and the ore body strike of the ore body sample are obtained; Determine the true thickness h and the vertical thickness H of the ore body sample according to the sample length L, the ore layer inclination α, the sample slope angle β and the angle γ between the oblique azimuth of the hole and the ore body strike; Among them, h=L(sinα.cosβ.sinγ+sinβ.cosα); H=L(tanα.cosβ.sinγ+sinβ); The average horizontal thickness M of the block segments is determined based on the arithmetic mean of the vertical thickness H of the block segments of each ore body sample.

10. The method for prospecting and exploring cassiterite sulfide tin ore according to claim 7, characterized in that: Obtaining the vertical projection area S of the block segment includes: Performing block-segment projection on the deep ore body according to the ore body horizontal projection method to obtain a horizontal projection map; Performing zoning of the geological information system according to the shapes of the blocks on the horizontal projection map to obtain the area of ​​the geological information system area; The vertical projection area S of the block segment is determined according to the area of ​​the geological information system zone and the map scale of the horizontal projection map.

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