Drilling tool and drilling method

Abstract

The drilling tool and the drilling method provided by the embodiments of the present application, wherein the drilling tool comprises a Z-shaped support body, the Z-shaped support body comprises a vertical plate, a first horizontal plate connected to the upper end of the vertical plate, and a second horizontal plate connected to the lower end of the vertical plate, and the second horizontal plate is embedded with a guide drill sleeve penetrating through the second horizontal plate; a positioning device comprising a matrix flexible clamp and a curved surface contact element; wherein the matrix flexible clamp is located below the first horizontal plate and fixedly connected with the first horizontal plate and / or the vertical plate; and the curved surface contact element is fixed on the second horizontal plate, and the contact end of the curved surface contact element extends out of the lower surface of the second horizontal plate. The embodiments of the present application actively adapt to different curved surfaces by deforming the positioning device, so that the drilling tool can be applied to various curved surfaces, and the universality of the curved surface normal drilling tool is realized and the cost is saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of composite material processing technology, and in particular to a drilling fixture and drilling method. Background Technology

[0002] In current manufacturing, many product components have curved surfaces. For example, in the automotive, aerospace, shipbuilding, and furniture manufacturing industries, and especially in the precision instrument manufacturing sector, the demand for drilling and machining curved surfaces is increasing.

[0003] In existing technologies, high-precision machine tools or specialized tooling are typically used to ensure that the angle, position, and diameter deviations of the normal holes on curved surfaces are within acceptable limits. However, the main drawbacks of using the above-mentioned hole-making methods are as follows:

[0004] 1) Defects of machine tool processing: The direct investment cost of equipment and auxiliary tooling for normal holes is relatively high;

[0005] 2) Defects of special tooling: Due to the influence of normal guide holes and curved surface positioning structures, it has poor versatility, long manufacturing cycle and high processing cost.

[0006] It should be noted that the above content is not necessarily prior art, nor is it intended to limit the scope of patent protection of this application. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This application provides a drilling fixture and drilling method to solve or alleviate one or more of the technical problems mentioned above.

[0008] As one aspect of the embodiments of this application, this application provides a drilling fixture, including:

[0009] Z-shaped support body, the Z-shaped support body includes a vertical plate, a first horizontal plate connected to the upper end of the vertical plate and a second horizontal plate connected to the lower end of the vertical plate, the second horizontal plate is embedded with a guide drill sleeve that penetrates the second horizontal plate;

[0010] The positioning device includes a matrix-type flexible clamp and curved surface contact elements; wherein:

[0011] The matrix-type flexible clamp is located below the first horizontal plate and is fixedly connected to the first horizontal plate and / or the vertical plate.

[0012] The curved contact element is fixed to the second horizontal plate, and the contact end of the curved contact element extends out of the lower surface of the second horizontal plate.

[0013] Optionally, a clamping device may also be included;

[0014] The clamping device is used to clamp the Z-shaped support and the curved surface to be processed, thereby bringing the matrix flexible fixture and the curved surface contact element abutting against the curved surface.

[0015] Optionally, there are two matrix-type flexible clamps, each of which is fixed to the left and right ends of the first horizontal plate.

[0016] Optionally, the matrix-type flexible fixture includes:

[0017] A frame having an opening facing downwards, the frame being fixed to the first horizontal plate and / or vertical plate;

[0018] An elastic element is located within the receiving portion, and one end of the elastic element is fixed to the bottom of the receiving portion;

[0019] A clamping unit, wherein multiple clamping units are distributed in a matrix and connected to the other end of the elastic element, and the multiple clamping units can extend out of the receiving portion;

[0020] When the clamping unit abuts against the curved surface, the elastic element connected to it can undergo different deformations as the curvature of the curved surface changes, thereby causing corresponding deformations at the contact surface between the matrix flexible clamp and the curved surface, so that the matrix flexible clamp can conform to the curved surface.

[0021] Optionally, the curved contact element includes a ball-end screw, the ball-end screw comprising:

[0022] The threaded rod body is used to engage with the second cross plate;

[0023] A ball head, located at the lower end of the threaded rod, extends out of the second cross plate to abut against the curved surface;

[0024] The curved contact element is used to cooperate with the matrix flexible fixture, so that the guide drill bushing can be perpendicular to the curved surface in a normal direction, thereby enabling the tooling to adapt to different curved surfaces.

[0025] Optionally, the guide drill sleeve and the curved contact element are spaced apart and both are located in the center of the second horizontal plate, and the curved contact element is away from the vertical plate relative to the guide drill sleeve.

[0026] On the other hand, this application also provides a drilling method for a drilling fixture, including the following steps:

[0027] S1: Provides the surface to be processed;

[0028] S2: Locate the position on the curved surface where drilling operations need to be performed;

[0029] S3: Adjust the positioning device in the drilling fixture according to the position, so that the normal of the guide drill sleeve in the drilling fixture is perpendicular to the curved surface;

[0030] S4: Adjust the clamping device to clamp the curved surface;

[0031] S5: Start the drill bit to perform a normal drilling operation on the surface.

[0032] The embodiments of this application employing the above-described technical solution may have the following advantages:

[0033] A surface normal positioning device that can change with the surface is made by using a matrix-type flexible fixture and ball head screws, so that the drilling fixture can adapt to different surfaces. That is, in the embodiments of this application, by using the deformation of the positioning device to actively adapt to different surfaces, the drilling fixture can be applied to various surfaces, realizing the universal function of the surface normal drilling fixture and saving costs. Attached Figure Description

[0034] In the accompanying drawings, unless otherwise specified, the same reference numerals throughout the various drawings denote the same or similar parts or elements. These drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. It should be understood that these drawings depict only some embodiments disclosed in this application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this application.

[0035] Figure 1 This is an exploded view of the drilling fixture provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0036] Figure 2 This is a structural view of a drilling fixture provided in an embodiment of this application, along with... Figure 2 A cross-sectional view along line AA in the middle.

[0037] Figure 3 This is another structural view of the drilling fixture provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0038] Figure 4 This is another structural view of the drilling fixture provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0039] Figure 5 This is another structural view of the drilling fixture provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0040] Figure 6 This is another structural view of the drilling fixture provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0041] Among them, 1. Drilling tool; 2. Clamping device; 20. First clamp; 21. Second clamp; 22. Third clamp; 3. Matrix flexible clamp; 4. Z-shaped support; 40. Vertical plate; 41. First horizontal plate; 42. Second horizontal plate; 5. Guide drill bushing; 6. Ball head screw; 7. Curved surface. Detailed Implementation

[0042] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in these embodiments can be combined with each other. The application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0043] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms can be used interchangeably where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented, for example, in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0044] The following provides a definition of the terminology used in this application.

[0045] Matrix flexible fixtures are automated assembly and processing aids that employ multiple clamping units (such as metal pillars) arranged in a matrix. Each unit has independent adjustment capabilities and works collaboratively through an electronic control system. This type of fixture utilizes the elastic deformation and programmable control of its units to create flexible clamping surfaces that adapt to various workpiece contours. It is suitable for production environments with rapid line changes and diverse products, effectively reducing fixture changeover time and improving production efficiency and product accuracy.

[0046] Ball head screws are high-strength fasteners with a spherical head. Their ball head design allows them to rotate freely within a certain angle range, adapting to different installation angles and surface conditions. The main principle of this type of screw is to distribute stress through the free rotation of the ball head, reducing the precision requirements of the fastening hole and improving the stability and durability of the connection. Ball head screws can be used in machinery manufacturing, automotive, aerospace, construction, and other fields, especially in applications requiring frequent disassembly or high alignment accuracy. Their benefits include improved assembly efficiency, reduced assembly time, enhanced vibration and fatigue resistance of connected components, and protection of surfaces from scratches. The design of ball head screws optimizes force distribution, ensuring reliability and safety under dynamic loads.

[0047] To facilitate understanding of the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application by those skilled in the art, the relevant technologies are described below:

[0048] The inventors have discovered that in the current technology for drilling normal holes on curved surfaces, the direct investment cost of equipment and auxiliary tooling for machining normal holes on machine tools is relatively high. Furthermore, due to the influence of normal guide holes and curved surface positioning structures, dedicated hole-making tooling suffers from poor versatility, long manufacturing cycles, and high processing costs.

[0049] Therefore, this application provides a drilling fixture solution. Based on this, the fixture generated by this invention can generate positioning features according to the curved surface features of the product, and can be applied to the curved surface positioning drilling positioning requirements of different types of products. Furthermore, due to the simplification compared to previous structures, the drilling fixture produced by this invention significantly reduces overall cost and shortens cycle time. See below for details.

[0050] Exemplary embodiments according to this application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these exemplary embodiments may be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein.

[0051] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the drilling fixture may include: a Z-shaped support 4 and a positioning device. In some embodiments, it may also include a clamping device 2.

[0052] The following section introduces the Z-shaped support 4 and the positioning device.

[0053] Z-shaped support 4: includes a vertical plate 40, a first horizontal plate 41 connected to the upper end of the vertical plate 40 and a second horizontal plate 42 connected to the lower end of the vertical plate 40, wherein a guide drill sleeve 5 is embedded in the second horizontal plate 42.

[0054] Positioning device: includes a matrix-type flexible clamp 3 and curved surface contact elements; wherein:

[0055] The matrix-type flexible clamp 3 is located below the first horizontal plate 41 and is fixedly connected to the first horizontal plate 41 and / or the vertical plate 40 (e.g., by bolts or welding).

[0056] The curved contact element is fixed on the second horizontal plate 42, and the contact end of the curved contact element extends out of the lower surface of the second horizontal plate 42.

[0057] In some embodiments, the vertical plate 40 is preferably perpendicular to the first horizontal plate 41 and the second horizontal plate 42, respectively. In other embodiments, when the surfaces of the first horizontal plate 41 and the second horizontal plate 42 are parallel, the vertical plate 40 may also be inclined to the first horizontal plate 41 and the second horizontal plate 42. The Z-shaped support 4 can be made of carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, composite materials, or engineering plastics, etc.; the guide drill sleeve 5 can be made of high-speed steel, cemented carbide, ceramics, cermet, etc.

[0058] Curved contact elements are used to adapt to and abut against different curved surfaces, increasing the tooling's ability to contact and adapt to surfaces of different shapes. In some embodiments, the curved contact element may be a ball head screw, a roller positioning structure, etc.

[0059] A surface normal positioning device that can change with the surface is made by using a matrix-type flexible fixture and ball head screws, so that the drilling fixture can adapt to different surfaces. That is, in the embodiments of this application, by using the deformation of the positioning device to actively adapt to different surfaces, the drilling fixture can be applied to various surfaces, realizing the universal function of the surface normal drilling fixture and saving costs.

[0060] In an optional embodiment, the drilling fixture further includes a clamping device 2; the clamping device 2 is used to clamp the Z-shaped support 4 and the curved surface 7 to be machined, thereby abutting the matrix flexible fixture 3 and the ball head screw 6 against the curved surface 7. In this embodiment, the clamping device 2 can provide a continuous and stable clamping force to the fixture to prevent dimensional deviations caused by vibration during drilling.

[0061] In specific implementation, the clamping device 2 can be pressurized by mechanical locking, pneumatic cylinder pressurization, or hydraulic cylinder pressurization.

[0062] In an optional embodiment, the clamping device 2 includes a first clamp 20, a second clamp 21, and a third clamp 22;

[0063] The first clamp 20 and the second clamp 21 are used to fix the two ends of the first horizontal plate 41, and the third clamp 22 is used to fix the second horizontal plate 42, thereby forming a fixation on the Z-shaped support 4. In this embodiment, the three clamps can provide a continuous and stable three-point clamping force for the tooling, so that the tooling can be more stably fixed on the curved surface 7 without positional displacement, further ensuring the accuracy of normal drilling.

[0064] In an optional embodiment, the first clamp 20, the second clamp 21, and the third clamp 22 have the same clamping structure; the clamping structure includes a C-shaped structure, and one end of the C-shaped structure is provided with a push-up structure that can be movably connected; the push-up structure is used to cooperate with the other end of the C-shaped structure to clamp the Z-shaped support 4 and the curved surface 7.

[0065] In practice, the pushing structure can be a screw, a hydraulic rod, a pneumatic rod, etc.

[0066] The other end of the C-shaped structure that is not connected to the pusher structure is in contact with the Z-shaped support 4;

[0067] Specifically, by adjusting the pushing structure, the pushing structure can be made to abut against the curved surface 7, providing a continuous and stable three-point clamping force to the contact between the tooling and the curved surface 7, thereby fixing the tooling on the curved surface 7.

[0068] In the above embodiments, the push-up structure allows the tooling to be adjusted according to the curvature of the clamping device 2, thereby enhancing the tooling's adaptability to different curvatures and further improving its versatility.

[0069] In an optional embodiment, the pusher structure is a screw that engages with one end of the C-shaped structure.

[0070] In practice, the screw is rotated to move it up and down, thereby clamping the Z-shaped support 4 and the curved surface 7, and fixing the tooling on the curved surface 7 to prevent the tooling from causing dimensional and positional deviations in the machined hole due to vibration during drilling.

[0071] In an optional embodiment, the number of the matrix flexible clamps 3 can be two, with each matrix flexible clamp 3 fixed to the left and right ends of the first horizontal plate 41, respectively. In some embodiments, the number of matrix flexible clamps 3 can be determined according to actual needs.

[0072] In some embodiments, when two matrix-type flexible clamps 3 are used, the two matrix-type flexible clamps 3 are preferably symmetrically distributed at both ends of the first horizontal plate 41. In other embodiments, the matrix-type flexible clamps 3 may not be symmetrically distributed.

[0073] In practical implementation, the tooling forms a contact surface that can fit the curved surface 7 through the matrix flexible clamp 3. At the same time, the two matrix flexible clamps 3 are distributed on the left and right ends of the first horizontal plate 41 to ensure the stability of the contact, so that the tooling can be applied to different curved surfaces and improve the versatility of the tooling.

[0074] In an optional embodiment, the matrix-type flexible fixture 3 includes: a frame, an elastic element, and a clamping unit. Wherein:

[0075] A frame having an opening facing downwards, the frame being fixed to the first horizontal plate 41 and / or vertical plate 40;

[0076] An elastic element is located within the receiving portion, and one end of the elastic element is fixed to the bottom of the receiving portion;

[0077] A clamping unit, wherein multiple clamping units are distributed in a matrix and connected to the other end of the elastic element, and the multiple clamping units can extend out of the receiving portion;

[0078] When the clamping unit abuts against the curved surface 7, the elastic element connected to it can undergo different deformations as the curvature of the curved surface 7 changes, thereby causing corresponding deformations at the contact surface between the matrix flexible clamp 3 and the curved surface 7, so that the matrix flexible clamp 3 can conform to the curved surface 7.

[0079] In specific implementation, the elastic element can be a spring, gas spring, rubber element, etc.; the clamping unit can be a metal column, etc.; by utilizing the ability of the matrix flexible fixture 3 to generate a conformal surface according to the contact surface, the tooling has surface adaptability and ensures the versatility of the tooling.

[0080] In an optional embodiment, the curved contact element includes a ball head screw (6), which includes a threaded shaft and a ball head;

[0081] The threaded rod body is used to engage with the second cross plate 42;

[0082] A ball head, located at the lower end of the threaded rod, extends out of the second transverse plate 42 to abut against the curved surface 7;

[0083] The curved contact element is used to cooperate with the matrix flexible fixture 3, so that the guide drill sleeve 5 can be perpendicular to the curved surface 7 in the normal direction, thereby enabling the tooling to adapt to different curved surfaces 7.

[0084] The positioning structure of the tooling is formed by utilizing the low friction of the ball head screw 6 when it contacts the curved surface and the ability of the matrix flexible fixture 3 to generate conformal curved surfaces. This improves the curved surface adaptability of the tooling and further enhances its versatility.

[0085] In an optional embodiment, the guide drill sleeve 5 and the curved contact element are spaced apart and both are located at the exact center of the second horizontal plate 42, and the curved contact element is away from the vertical plate 40 relative to the guide drill sleeve 5.

[0086] Preferably, the guide drill sleeve 5 should be embedded at the exact center of the second horizontal plate 42, that is, at the intersection of the two center lines of the second horizontal plate 42. The curved contact element should be fixed on the transverse center line of the second horizontal plate 42 and located between the guide drill sleeve 5 and the edge of the second horizontal plate 42 away from the vertical plate 40, with their positions as follows: Figure 2 Middle Figure 2 The cross-sectional view along line AA is shown. At this point, the curved contact element and the matrix-type flexible fixture can form a more stable triangular structure, which, in conjunction with the clamping device, improves the accuracy of the tooling during drilling operations.

[0087] This application also provides a drilling method using the drilling fixture described in the above embodiments, including:

[0088] S1: Provides the surface to be processed 7.

[0089] In specific implementation, the surface 7 can be a complex surface, a continuous surface, or a planar surface with a small curvature.

[0090] S2: Locate the position on the surface 7 where drilling operations need to be performed.

[0091] In some embodiments, a scribing tool can be used to draw cross-shaped hole positioning points on the curved surface 7. Then, with the hole positioning points as the center, a positioning circle 1 mm larger than the shaft diameter of the guide drill sleeve 5 can be drawn at the corresponding position using a compass. Using the scribing lines on the curved surface as the positioning reference and combining this with the tooling clearance method to determine the perpendicularity of the curved surface normal demonstrates that this effectively simplifies the tooling's hole normal positioning structure, making the tooling universal in hole normal positioning functionality.

[0092] Meanwhile, in other embodiments, mold-formed positioning hole lines can be used instead of curved surface-drawn positioning holes to achieve the same effect.

[0093] S3: Adjust the positioning device in the drilling fixture according to the position so that the normal of the guide drill sleeve 5 in the drilling fixture is perpendicular to the curved surface.

[0094] In practical implementation, the matrix-type flexible fixture 3, which produces conformal curved surfaces based on surface characteristics, and the low friction between the surface contact element and the curved surface, serve as the main positioning surface for the tooling and product contact surface. The positioning device is adjusted so that the shaft diameter of the guide drill sleeve 5 falls within the positioning circle drawn in S2. Simultaneously, the gap between the surface contact element, the matrix-type flexible fixture 3, and the curved surface 7 is adjusted so that the gap between the bottom surface of the guide drill sleeve 5 and the curved surface 7 is within 0.5mm. At this point, the guide drill sleeve 5 and the curved surface 7 are approximately perpendicular to each other. By observing that the gap between the guide drill sleeve 5 and the curved surface 7 is within 0.5mm, the positional relationship is determined to be mutually perpendicular. By utilizing the positioning device and the positioning and adjustment methods described in S2 and S3, this tooling can adapt to different curved surfaces, ensuring the versatility of the device.

[0095] S4: Adjust the clamping device 2 to clamp the curved surface 7.

[0096] In practical implementation, the curved surface 7 can be clamped by using three C-clamps, such as at the two ends of the curved surface contact element and the matrix flexible fixture 3. By installing C-clamps at the corresponding positions of the left and right ends of the matrix flexible fixture 3 and at the installation position of the curved surface contact element, a continuous and relatively stable three-point clamping force can be provided to the tooling to prevent the tooling from causing dimensional and positional deviations in the machined hole due to vibration during drilling.

[0097] S5: Start the drill 1 to perform a normal drilling operation on the curved surface 7.

[0098] In practice, the drill 1 can be a hand drill, electric hand drill, impact drill, etc. The drill 1 is started, and its rotation speed is no less than 2500 r / min. After aligning the drill bit with the guide drill sleeve 5, the drill 1 is pressed downwards until the hole is penetrated. Then, the rotation direction of the drill 1 spindle is adjusted and it is disengaged from the tooling. Finally, the clamping device 2 and the positioning device are disassembled.

[0099] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0100] For ease of description, directional terms such as "front, back, up, down, left, right," "horizontal, vertical, horizontal," and "top, bottom" generally indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are used solely for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these directional terms do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this application. The directional terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner or outer contours relative to the components themselves. For example, if a device in the drawings is inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of" other devices or structures will subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein are interpreted accordingly.

[0101] Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0102] Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0103] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps described in these embodiments do not limit the scope of this application. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following drawings denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it need not be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0104] It should also be noted that the terms "one embodiment," "another embodiment," or "embodiment" used in this specification refer to specific features, structures, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment, which are included in at least one embodiment described in the general description of this application. The appearance of the same expression in multiple places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, when a specific feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with any embodiment, the intention is to suggest that implementing such a feature, structure, or characteristic in conjunction with other embodiments also falls within the scope of this application.

[0105] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0106] It should also be noted that the above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and do not limit the scope of patent protection of this application. Any equivalent structural or procedural changes made using the content of this application’s specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the scope of patent protection of this application.

Claims

1. A drilling tool, characterized in that, include: Z-shaped support (4), the Z-shaped support (4) includes a vertical plate (40), a first horizontal plate (41) connecting the upper end of the vertical plate (40) and a second horizontal plate (42) connecting the lower end of the vertical plate (40), the second horizontal plate (42) is embedded with a guide drill sleeve (5) that penetrates the second horizontal plate (42); The positioning device includes a matrix-type flexible clamp (3) and a curved surface contact element; wherein: The matrix-type flexible clamp (3) is located below the first horizontal plate (41) and is fixedly connected to the first horizontal plate (41) and / or the vertical plate (40); The curved contact element is fixed on the second horizontal plate (42), and the contact end of the curved contact element extends out of the lower surface of the second horizontal plate (42); The matrix-type flexible fixture (3) includes: A frame having an opening facing downwards, the frame being fixed to the first horizontal plate (41) and / or the vertical plate (40); An elastic element is located within the receiving portion, and one end of the elastic element is fixed to the bottom of the receiving portion; A clamping unit, wherein multiple clamping units are distributed in a matrix and connected to the other end of the elastic element, and the multiple clamping units can extend out of the receiving portion; When the clamping unit abuts against the curved surface (7), the elastic element connected to it can undergo different deformations as the curvature of the curved surface (7) changes, thereby causing the contact surface between the matrix flexible clamp (3) and the curved surface (7) to undergo corresponding deformation, so that the matrix flexible clamp (3) can fit the curved surface (7). The curved contact element includes a ball head screw (6), wherein the ball head screw (6): The threaded rod body is used to engage with the second cross plate (42); The ball head is located at the lower end of the threaded rod body, and the ball head extends out of the second transverse plate (42) to abut against the curved surface (7) to be processed; The curved contact element is used to cooperate with the matrix flexible fixture (3) so that the guide drill sleeve (5) can be perpendicular to the curved surface (7) in the normal direction, thereby enabling the tooling to adapt to different curved surfaces (7).

2. The drilling fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a clamping device (2); The clamping device (2) is used to clamp the Z-shaped support (4) and the surface to be processed (7), thereby bringing the matrix flexible fixture (3) and the surface contact element abutting the surface (7).

3. The drilling fixture according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that, The number of the matrix flexible clamps (3) is 2, and each matrix flexible clamp (3) is fixed at the left and right ends of the first horizontal plate (41).

4. The drilling fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guide drill sleeve (5) and the curved contact element are spaced apart and are both located in the middle of the second horizontal plate (42). The curved contact element is far away from the vertical plate (40) relative to the guide drill sleeve (5).

5. A drilling method using the drilling fixture as described in any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that, include: S1: Provides the surface to be processed; S2: Locate the position on the curved surface where drilling operations need to be performed; S3: Adjust the positioning device in the drilling fixture according to the position, so that the normal of the guide drill sleeve in the drilling fixture is perpendicular to the curved surface; S4: Adjust the clamping device to clamp the curved surface; S5: Start the drill bit to perform a normal drilling operation on the surface.

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