Ventilation structure based on long tunnel

Abstract

This invention discloses a ventilation structure for long tunnels, comprising a horizontal pipe, a horizontal rod rotatably mounted inside the horizontal pipe, a drive gear fixedly fitted at one end of the horizontal rod, and a rotating fan fixedly fitted at the end of the horizontal rod away from the drive gear. A vertical pipe is fixedly mounted below the horizontal pipe and connected to it. A vertical rod rotatably mounted inside the vertical pipe, and a rotating gear fixedly fitted on one side of the vertical rod, meshing with the drive gear. An exhaust fan is fixedly fitted at the end of the vertical rod away from the rotating gear. A movable plate is movably mounted inside the vertical pipe. A housing is fixedly fitted on the outer side of the vertical pipe away from the horizontal pipe, and a transmission component is installed inside the housing to drive the movable plate to move up and down reciprocally. The ventilation structure for long tunnels provided by this invention converts kinetic energy into airflow energy through the reciprocating up and down movement of the movable plate, thereby generating efficient air circulation and improving exhaust gas discharge efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel ventilation technology, specifically a ventilation and air exchange structure based on long tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] Good air quality is essential for ensuring safe driving in tunnels. The purpose of ventilation is to reduce the concentration of harmful gases or pollutants in the tunnel to below the permissible safe level, thereby ensuring vehicle safety and comfort, and also benefiting the health of maintenance personnel in the tunnel. There are many types of ventilation, such as natural ventilation, longitudinal ventilation, and transverse ventilation.

[0003] Among them, longitudinal ventilation is a cost-effective ventilation method. Longitudinal ventilation is usually used in conjunction with vertical shafts. Through a mechanical transmission system, outside air is drawn into the tunnel through the vertical shaft, and exhaust gas in the tunnel is discharged through the vertical shaft, ensuring the air quality in the tunnel. The mechanical transmission method is generally that the fan in the horizontal duct drives the fan in the vertical shaft to rotate through the bevel gear transmission, thereby discharging the exhaust gas in the tunnel. There are many ways to drive the fan in the horizontal duct, such as natural wind drive, solar drive, or direct electric drive.

[0004] Although the rotation of fans can promote air circulation in the tunnel and help expel exhaust gas, the amount of exhaust gas expelled by fans alone is limited. If the concentration of exhaust gas in the tunnel is high, it is difficult to expel the exhaust gas in a short period of time. If the exhaust gas concentration is too high during the tunnel construction phase, it will endanger the health of workers and thus affect the tunnel construction efficiency.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to design a tunnel ventilation structure that can efficiently exhaust exhaust gases. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a ventilation structure for long tunnels to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a ventilation structure for use in a long tunnel, comprising a horizontal pipe, a horizontal rod rotatably disposed within the horizontal pipe, a drive gear fixedly fitted at one end of the horizontal rod, a rotating fan fixedly fitted at the end of the horizontal rod away from the drive gear, a vertical pipe fixedly disposed below the horizontal pipe, the vertical pipe communicating with the horizontal pipe, a vertical rod rotatably disposed within the vertical pipe, a rotating gear fixedly fitted on one side of the vertical rod, the rotating gear meshing with the drive gear, an exhaust fan fixedly fitted at the end of the vertical rod away from the rotating gear, a movable plate movably disposed within the vertical pipe, a box fixedly fitted on the outer side of the end of the vertical pipe away from the horizontal pipe, and a transmission component for driving the movable plate to move up and down reciprocally disposed within the box.

[0008] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the transmission assembly includes a moving rod that movably passes through the housing and the vertical tube and is fixedly connected to the moving plate at its end. The end of the moving rod away from the moving plate is located inside the housing and a positioning plate is movably fitted below it. A fixing frame is fixedly installed inside the housing. The positioning plate is slidably connected to the fixing frame. A first spring is fixedly installed between the bottom of the positioning plate and the bottom of the fixing frame.

[0009] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the box body is rotatably provided with a rotating rod on one side of the fixed frame, a rotating column is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the rotating rod, a curved sliding groove is provided on the outside of the rotating column, a limiting rod is slidably fitted in the curved sliding groove, and the end of the limiting rod away from the rotating column is fixedly connected to the moving rod.

[0010] As a further aspect of the present invention: the movable plate has a notch at its center, and a circular plate is movably disposed within the notch. The diameter of the circular plate is smaller than the diameter of the movable plate. Both the circular plate and the movable plate have multiple through holes. The movable rod has a circular hole at its center, and a push rod is movably disposed within the circular hole. One end of the push rod is fixedly connected to the circular plate. A fixing ring is fixedly disposed within the movable rod, and a second spring is fixedly disposed between the push rod and the fixing ring.

[0011] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the box body is fixedly provided with a shell on one side of the fixed frame, and two vertical plates are movably arranged inside the shell, one of which is fixedly provided with an inclined plate. The end of the push rod away from the circular plate moves through the shell and slides against the vertical plate and the inclined plate.

[0012] As a further embodiment of the present invention: transverse grooves are provided on both the upper and lower sides of the housing, and a sliding plate is slidably disposed in the transverse groove. The sliding plate is fixedly connected to both of the two vertical plates. A return spring is fixedly disposed in the transverse groove and on the upper sliding plate. A limiting hole is provided on the top of the housing, and the limiting hole is connected to the transverse groove. A limiting ball is provided on one side of the sliding plate, and the limiting ball is movably engaged with the limiting hole.

[0013] As a further embodiment of the present invention: a sloping groove is provided on one side of the lower sliding plate, a limiting plate is movably disposed inside the housing, the limiting plate is movably abutting against the sloping groove, the limiting plate is fixedly connected to the limiting rod, the limiting rod is slidably connected to the housing, a horizontal plate is fixedly disposed on one side of the limiting plate, a vertical rod is slidably disposed inside the horizontal plate, a positioning spring is fixedly disposed between the vertical rod and the horizontal plate, and the top of the vertical rod is movably abutting against the limiting hole.

[0014] As a further embodiment of the present invention: a portion of the vertical tube is located inside the box body, and two circular grooves are formed on the outer side of this portion. A filter plate is movably arranged in the circular grooves. A support frame is fixedly arranged on one side of the box body located in the circular grooves. A rack is slidably arranged in the support frame. Two support plates are fixedly arranged on one side of the box body located in the support frame. A circular rod is movably inserted through the center of the support plate. A sleeve is threadedly connected to the outer side of the circular rod, and the two threads have opposite directions. A positioning gear is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the circular rod. The positioning gear meshes with the rack for transmission. The sleeve is slidably connected to the bottom of the box body, and its end is fixedly connected to the filter plate. Wiping plates are fixedly arranged on both sides of the box body located in the vertical tube.

[0015] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the vertical tube has grooves on both sides of the circular groove, a baffle is movably arranged in the groove, a third spring is fixedly arranged between the baffle and the groove, and the filter plate is movably abutting against the baffle.

[0016] As a further embodiment of the present invention: a disk is fixedly connected to the bottom of the rotating rod, a deflection plate is rotatably connected to the bottom edge of the disk, a deflection rod is rotatably connected to the end of the deflection plate away from the disk, and the deflection rod is slidably connected to the support frame and fixedly disposed on one side of the rack.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0018] (1) By moving the plate up and down, the power is converted into air kinetic energy, thereby creating a high-efficiency air circulation. This movement helps to improve the efficiency of exhaust gas discharge.

[0019] (2) The movement of the push rod can adjust the size of the through hole, ensuring that the area of ​​the through hole changes appropriately during the up-and-down movement of the push rod, so as to improve the exhaust efficiency.

[0020] (3) The fit between the limiting plate and the inclined groove, as well as the fit between the upright and the limiting hole, can change the through hole area by adjusting the position of the inclined plate, thereby further improving the exhaust gas discharge efficiency.

[0021] (4) The contact between the filter plate and the circular groove can filter and remove dust from the exhaust gas, ensuring that the exhaust gas will not cause pollution to the environment after it is discharged.

[0022] (5) The filter plates can alternately contact the circular groove through the cooperation of the positioning gear, the round rod, the sleeve and the wiping plate. During the filter plate replacement process, the wiping plate can clean the surface of the filter plate. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the overall internal structure of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the box in this invention.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the transmission component in this invention.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure when the circular plate and the movable plate are not aligned in this invention.

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second spring in this invention.

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the inclined groove in this invention.

[0030] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the inclined plate in this invention.

[0031] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the limiting hole in the present invention.

[0032] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the limiting ball in this invention.

[0033] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the reset spring in this invention.

[0034] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning spring in this invention.

[0035] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the circular groove in this invention.

[0036] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the third spring in this invention.

[0037] In the diagram: 1. Horizontal tube; 2. Horizontal bar; 3. Drive gear; 4. Rotating fan; 5. Vertical tube; 51. Circular groove; 52. Embedded groove; 6. Vertical bar; 7. Rotating gear; 8. Transmission assembly; 81. Moving rod; 811. Circular hole; 82. Positioning plate; 83. Fixing frame; 84. First spring; 9. Exhaust fan; 10. Moving plate; 101. Notch; 11. Box body; 12. Rotating rod; 13. Rotating column; 131. Curved slide; 14. Limiting rod; 15. Circular plate; 16. Through hole; 17. Push rod; 18. Fixing ring; 19. 20. Second spring; 201. Housing; 202. Horizontal groove; 203. Limiting hole; 24. Vertical plate; 25. Inclined plate; 26. Sliding plate; 27. Inclined groove; 28. Return spring; 29. ​​Limiting ball; 200. Limiting plate; 201. Horizontal plate; 21. Vertical rod; 22. Positioning spring; 33. Filter plate; 34. Support frame; 35. Rack; 36. Support plate; 37. Round rod; 38. Sleeve; 39. Positioning gear; 40. Wiping plate; 41. Baffle; 42. Third spring; 43. Disc; 44. Deflecting plate; 45. Deflecting rod. Detailed Implementation

[0038] Please see Figures 1-14 In this embodiment of the invention, a ventilation structure based on a long tunnel includes a horizontal pipe 1, a horizontal rod 2 rotatably disposed inside the horizontal pipe 1, a drive gear 3 fixedly sleeved at one end of the horizontal rod 2, a rotating fan 4 fixedly sleeved at the end of the horizontal rod 2 away from the drive gear 3, a vertical pipe 5 fixedly disposed below the horizontal pipe 1, the vertical pipe 5 communicating with the horizontal pipe 1, a vertical rod 6 rotatably disposed inside the vertical pipe 5, a rotating gear 7 fixedly sleeved on one side of the vertical rod 6, the rotating gear 7 meshing with the drive gear 3, an exhaust fan 9 fixedly sleeved at the end of the vertical rod 6 away from the rotating gear 7, a movable plate 10 movably disposed inside the vertical pipe 5, a box 11 fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the end of the vertical pipe 5 away from the horizontal pipe 1 located inside the tunnel, and a transmission component 8 for driving the movable plate 10 to move up and down reciprocally disposed inside the box 11; the bottom of the vertical pipe 5... The horizontal pipe 1 is located outside the tunnel and connects to the outside. The rotating fan 4 is located at the air inlet of the horizontal pipe 1. Under the blowing of the outside wind, the rotating fan 4 will rotate. The rotation of the rotating fan 4 will drive the horizontal bar 2 and the drive gear 3 to rotate. The rotation of the drive gear 3 will drive the rotating gear 7 and the vertical bar 6 to rotate. The rotation of the vertical bar 6 will drive the exhaust fan 9 to rotate. The rotation of the exhaust fan 9 can draw the exhaust gas in the tunnel up through the vertical pipe 5 and then discharge it through the horizontal pipe 1. Fresh air from the outside can also flow into the tunnel through the horizontal pipe 1 and the vertical pipe 5 to achieve air circulation. During this process, the moving plate 10 can be driven by the transmission component 8 to move up and down along the vertical pipe 5. The physical movement of the moving plate 10 can be converted into air kinetic energy, which can effectively eliminate the blockage phenomenon, that is, prevent hot air or smoke from accumulating at the bottom of the shaft and obstructing air flow. The box 11 provides support for the transmission component 8.

[0039] See Figures 2-4 As shown, in this embodiment, preferably, the transmission component 8 includes a moving rod 81. The moving rod 81 movably passes through the housing 11 and the vertical tube 5, and its end is fixedly connected to the moving plate 10. The end of the moving rod 81 away from the moving plate 10 is located inside the housing 11, and a positioning plate 82 is movably fitted below it. A fixing frame 83 is fixedly installed inside the housing 11. The positioning plate 82 is slidably connected to the fixing frame 83. A first spring 84 is fixedly installed between the bottom of the positioning plate 82 and the bottom of the fixing frame 83. The moving rod 81 moves up and down, and the up and down reciprocating movement of the moving rod 81 will drive the moving plate 10 to move back and forth inside the vertical tube 5, accelerating the airflow. When the moving rod 81 moves downward, it will drive the positioning plate 82 to move downward along the fixing frame 83, thereby compressing the first spring 84. When the moving rod 81 moves upward, under the action of the first spring 84, it will drive the positioning plate 82 to move upward, always maintaining a state of contact with the moving rod 81. That is, the first spring 84 and the positioning plate 82 can also provide support for the moving rod 81.

[0040] See Figure 7 As shown, in this embodiment, preferably, the housing 11 is rotatably mounted on one side of the fixed frame 83 with a rotating rod 12. A rotating column 13 is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the rotating rod 12. A curved groove 131 is formed on the outside of the rotating column 13. A limiting rod 14 is slidably fitted inside the curved groove 131. The end of the limiting rod 14 away from the rotating column 13 is fixedly connected to the moving rod 81. When the exhaust fan 9 discharges the exhaust gas in the tunnel, it rotates the rotating rod 12. The rotation of the rotating rod 12 drives the rotating column 13 to rotate. The rotation of the rotating column 13 drives the curved groove 131 to rotate. The rotation of the curved groove 131 drives the limiting rod 14 to move up and down reciprocally. The up and down reciprocating movement of the limiting rod 14 drives the moving rod 81 and the moving plate 10 to move up and down reciprocally, thereby accelerating the airflow.

[0041] See Figures 4-6As shown, in this embodiment, preferably, the movable plate 10 has a notch 101 at its center, and a circular plate 15 is movably disposed within the notch 101. The diameter of the circular plate 15 is smaller than the diameter of the movable plate 10. Both the circular plate 15 and the movable plate 10 have multiple through holes 16. The movable rod 81 has a circular hole 811 at its center, and a push rod 17 is movably disposed within the circular hole 811. One end of the push rod 17 is fixedly connected to the circular plate 15. A fixing ring 18 is fixedly disposed within the movable rod 81, and a fixing distance is fixed between the push rod 17 and the fixing ring 18. The second spring 19; when the moving plate 10 moves downward, the area of ​​the through hole 16 is at its maximum, which is beneficial to improving the efficiency of exhaust gas discharge. This is because the maximum area of ​​the through hole 16 during the downward movement of the moving plate 10 reduces the airflow speed, allowing more space for the airflow to pass through, thus reducing interference with the upward exhaust airflow. Furthermore, the larger area of ​​the through hole 16 reduces airflow resistance, making it easier for exhaust gas to be discharged. The reciprocating movement of the moving plate 10 drives the circular plate 15 to reciprocate up and down. When the through holes 16 of both are aligned, the area of ​​the through hole 16 reaches its maximum value. Initially, the circular plate 15... Since the moving plate 10 is not aligned with the moving plate 10, when the moving plate 10 moves downward, the push rod 17 moves inward along the circular hole 811 into the moving rod 81. The movement of the push rod 17 causes the circular plate 15 to move inward along the notch 101 until the circular plate 15 is aligned with the moving plate 10, and the through holes 16 of the two are aligned. At this time, the area of ​​the through hole 16 is the largest, and the second spring 19 is in a compressed state. At this time, the downward movement of the moving plate 10 can accelerate the discharge of exhaust gas. Similarly, when the moving plate 10 moves upward, the force applied to the push rod 17 is removed. Under the action of the first spring 84, the push rod 17 will move inward along the circular hole 811 into the moving rod 81. As the hole 811 moves outward, the circular plate 15 moves along the notch 101, causing the circular plate 15 to no longer align with the moving plate 10. Part of the through hole 16 is blocked, reducing the area of ​​the through hole 16. The reduction in the area of ​​the through hole 16 during the upward movement of the moving plate 10 can increase the airflow velocity because the airflow is forced through a smaller opening, thereby accelerating the discharge of exhaust gas. Secondly, according to the Venturi principle, when a fluid passes through a narrow section, its velocity increases, thereby creating a low-pressure area at the through hole 16, which helps to discharge exhaust gas. The fixed ring 18 provides support for the second spring 19.

[0042] See Figure 3 and Figures 7-8As shown, in this embodiment, preferably, the housing 11 is fixedly provided with a shell 20 on one side of the fixed frame 83. Two vertical plates 21 are movably arranged inside the shell 20, and an inclined plate 22 is fixedly provided on one of the vertical plates 21. The end of the push rod 17 away from the circular plate 15 moves through the shell 20 and its end slides against the vertical plate 21 and the inclined plate 22. When the moving rod 81 moves downward, it will drive the push rod 17 to move downward together. During the movement, one end of the push rod 17 abuts against the inclined plate 22. During the downward movement of the push rod 17, it will move from the lower part of the inclined plate 22 to the upper part. The movement causes the push rod 17 to move inward along the moving rod 81, thereby aligning the circular plate 15 with the moving plate 10, maximizing the area of ​​the through hole 16. When the moving rod 81 reaches its lowest point, the two vertical plates 21 move laterally, causing the vertical plate 21 without the inclined plate 22 to abut against the push rod 17. Due to the loss of the abutment effect of the inclined plate 22, the push rod 17 is moved to its initial position under the action of the second spring 19, and the circular plate 15 is no longer aligned with the moving plate 10, reducing the area of ​​the through hole 16. At this time, moving the moving plate 10 upward can accelerate the exhaust gas discharge, and the housing 20 provides support for the vertical plate 21.

[0043] See Figures 7-11 As shown, in this embodiment, preferably, the housing 20 has horizontal grooves 201 on both the upper and lower sides. A sliding plate 23 is slidably disposed in the horizontal groove 201. The sliding plate 23 is fixedly connected to both vertical plates 21. A return spring 24 is fixedly disposed in the upper sliding plate 23 and the horizontal groove 201. A limit hole 202 is provided at the top of the housing 20, which is connected to the horizontal groove 201. A limit ball 25 is provided on one side of the sliding plate 23, and the limit ball 25 is movably engaged with the limit hole 202. When the moving rod 81 moves downward, the push rod 17 abuts against the inclined plate 22, and the area of ​​the through hole 16 is at its maximum. When the moving rod 81 reaches its lowest point, the sliding plate 23 moves laterally along the horizontal groove 201. The movement of the sliding plate 23 drives the two vertical plates 21 to move together, causing the vertical plate 21 with the inclined plate 22 to be positioned at the bottom. When plate 21 moves to one side, vertical plate 21 without inclined plate 22 moves to a position abutting against push rod 17. Due to the loss of the abutment of inclined plate 22, second spring 19 will drive push rod 17 to move outward, and circular plate 15 will no longer be aligned with moving plate 10. The area of ​​through hole 16 becomes smaller. The movement of sliding plate 23 will drive limit ball 25 to move until it engages with limit hole 202. Limit ball 25 is made of elastic material and abuts against the inner wall of transverse groove 201 before engaging with limit hole 202. The engagement of limit ball 25 with limit hole 202 can ensure that sliding plate 23 no longer slides laterally along transverse groove 201. When moving rod 81 moves upward, push rod 17 can abut against vertical plate 21 without inclined plate 22, ensuring that the area of ​​through hole 16 becomes smaller and accelerating exhaust gas discharge. During the movement of sliding plate 23, return spring 24 is stretched.

[0044] See Figures 8-12 As shown, in this embodiment, preferably, a groove 231 is formed on one side of the lower sliding plate 23. A limiting plate 26 is movably disposed inside the housing 20. The limiting plate 26 movably abuts against the groove 231. The limiting plate 26 is fixedly connected to the limiting rod 14. The limiting rod 14 is slidably connected to the housing 20. A horizontal plate 27 is fixedly disposed on one side of the limiting plate 26. A vertical rod 28 is slidably disposed inside the horizontal plate 27. A positioning spring 29 is fixedly disposed between the vertical rod 28 and the horizontal plate 27. The top of 28 is in contact with the limiting hole 202; the limiting rod 14 moves downward, causing the moving rod 81 and the limiting plate 26 to move downward. During this process, the push rod 17 abuts against the inclined plate 22, and the through hole 16 has the largest area. When the push rod 17 is about to reach the lowest point, the limiting plate 26 will first abut against the inclined groove 231 of the bottom sliding plate 23, thereby causing the sliding plate 23 to move laterally. The lateral movement of the sliding plate 23 will cause the two vertical plates 21 to move together in the same direction, so that the vertical plate 21 without the inclined plate 22 abuts against the push rod 17, and at this time the limiting ball 25 The limiting hole 202 is in a snap-fit ​​state. Subsequently, the limiting rod 14, the moving rod 81, and the push rod 17 move upward. At this time, the push rod 17 abuts against the vertical plate 21, and the through hole 16 has the smallest area. During the upward movement of the limiting plate 26, it will drive the horizontal plate 27 and the vertical rod 28 to move upward until the top of the vertical rod 28 moves into the limiting hole 202 and pushes out the limiting ball 25. The limiting ball 25 loses the snap-fit ​​of the limiting hole 202. Under the action of the return spring 24, it will pull the top sliding plate 23 to move back to the initial position. The movement of the sliding plate 23 will drive the two When the vertical plate 21 moves to the initial position, the movement of the sliding plate 23 will also cause the upright rod 28 to move laterally. Since the upright rod 28 is still inside the limiting hole 202, the lateral movement of the upright rod 28 will compress the positioning spring 29. Then the moving rod 81 will move downward again, and the push rod 17 will abut against the inclined plate 22 again to ensure that the area of ​​the through hole 16 is maximized. The upright rod 28 will also move downward until it is released from contact with the limiting hole 202. Under the action of the positioning spring 29, the upright rod 28 will move to the initial position, which will facilitate the subsequent compression of the limiting ball 25.

[0045] See Figure 13As shown, in this embodiment, preferably, a portion of the vertical pipe 5 is located inside the housing 11, and two circular grooves 51 are formed on the outer side of this portion. A filter plate 30 is movably disposed within the circular grooves 51. A support frame 31 is fixedly disposed on one side of the housing 11 near the circular grooves 51. A rack 32 is slidably disposed within the support frame 31. Two support plates 33 are fixedly disposed on one side of the housing 11 near the support frame 31. A circular rod 34 is movably inserted through the center of each support plate 33. A sleeve 35 is threadedly connected to the outer side of the circular rod 34, with the two threads having opposite directions. A positioning gear 36 is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the circular rod 34. The positioning gear 36 meshes with the rack 32 for transmission. The sleeve 35 is slidably connected to the bottom of the housing 11, and its end is fixedly connected to the filter plate 30. Wiping plates 37 are fixedly disposed on both sides of the housing 11 near the vertical pipe 5. The exhaust gas may also contain some particulate matter such as dust, for example, blasting is often involved in tunnel construction. The explosion will generate a large amount of dust. Before the exhaust gas is discharged into the atmosphere, some of the dust needs to be filtered out. Only one circular groove 51 is equipped with a filter plate 30, that is, the two circular grooves 51 cannot be equipped with filter plates 30 at the same time. When the exhaust fan 9 exhausts the exhaust, the rack 32 moves laterally back and forth. The rack 32 moves along the support frame 31 and alternately drives the positioning gear 36 to rotate. The rotation of the positioning gear 36 drives the circular rod 34 to rotate. Since the circular rod 34 and the sleeve 35 are threadedly connected and the threads at the two places turn in opposite directions, the rotation of the two circular rods 34 in the same direction will drive the two sleeves 35 to move in opposite directions. The movement of the sleeves 35 in two directions will drive the two filter plates 30 to move in opposite directions, so that the two filter plates 30 alternately abut against the circular groove 51. During the movement of the filter plates 30, they will also abut against the wiping plate 37 to remove some of the dust on the surface of the filter plates 30. In this way, the filter plates 30 can be cleaned while ensuring the filtration of dust. The support plate 33 provides support for the circular rod 34.

[0046] See Figure 14 As shown, in this embodiment, preferably, the vertical pipe 5 has grooves 52 on both sides of the circular groove 51. A baffle 38 is movably arranged in the groove 52, and a third spring 39 is fixedly arranged between the baffle 38 and the groove 52. The filter plate 30 is in movable contact with the baffle 38. When the circular groove 51 is not equipped with a filter plate 30, the two baffles 38 are in a centered contact state, and the third spring 39 is in a normal extension and contraction state. This can prevent exhaust gas from leaking from the circular groove 51. When the filter plate 30 is switched, the filter plate 30 moves into the circular groove 51 until it contacts the baffle 38. The contact point of the two baffles 38 can be tilted, which can facilitate the filter plate 30 to drive the two baffles 38 to move away from each other along the groove 52 during the movement. During this process, the third spring 39 is compressed until the filter plate 30 completely contacts the circular groove 51.

[0047] See Figure 3 and Figure 13 As shown, in this embodiment, preferably, a disc 40 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the rotating rod 12, a deflection plate 41 is rotatably connected to the bottom edge of the disc 40, and a deflection rod 42 is rotatably connected to the end of the deflection plate 41 away from the disc 40. The deflection rod 42 is slidably connected to the support frame 31 and fixedly disposed on one side of the rack 32. The rotation of the rotating rod 12 drives the disc 40 to rotate, the rotation of the disc 40 drives the deflection plate 41 to rotate, the rotation of the deflection plate 41 drives the deflection rod 42 to reciprocate along the support frame 31, and the reciprocating movement of the deflection rod 42 drives the rack 32 to reciprocate, thereby enabling the filter plate 30 to alternately abut against the circular groove 51.

[0048] The working principle of this invention is as follows: The bottom of the vertical pipe 5 is connected to the inside of the tunnel, and the horizontal pipe 1 is located outside the tunnel and connected to the outside. The rotating fan 4 is located at the air inlet of the horizontal pipe 1. Under the blowing of the outside wind, the rotating fan 4 will rotate. The rotation of the rotating fan 4 will drive the horizontal rod 2 and the drive gear 3 to rotate. The rotation of the drive gear 3 will drive the rotating gear 7 and the vertical rod 6 to rotate. The rotation of the vertical rod 6 will drive the exhaust fan 9 to rotate. The rotation of the exhaust fan 9 can draw the exhaust gas in the tunnel up through the vertical pipe 5 and then discharge it through the horizontal pipe 1. Fresh air from the outside can also flow into the tunnel through the horizontal pipe 1 and the vertical pipe 5 to achieve air circulation. During this process, the rotating rod 12 is rotated. The rotation of the rotating rod 12 drives the rotating column 13 to rotate. The rotation of the rotating column 13... The kinetic energy drives the curved slide 131 to rotate. The rotation of the curved slide 131 drives the limiting rod 14 to move up and down reciprocally. The up and down reciprocating movement of the limiting rod 14 drives the moving rod 81 and the moving plate 10 to move up and down reciprocally, thereby accelerating the airflow. The downward movement of the limiting rod 14 drives the moving rod 81 and the limiting plate 26 to move down. During this process, the push rod 17 abuts against the inclined plate 22. The through hole 16 has the largest area. When the push rod 17 is about to reach the lowest point, the limiting plate 26 will first abut against the inclined groove 231 of the bottom sliding plate 23, thereby driving the sliding plate 23 to move laterally. The lateral movement of the sliding plate 23 will drive the two vertical plates 21 to move in the same direction, so that the vertical plate 21 without the inclined plate 22 and the push rod 17 The limit ball 25 and the limit hole 202 are engaged at this point. Then, the limit rod 14, the moving rod 81, and the push rod 17 move upwards. At this point, the push rod 17 engages with the vertical plate 21, and the through hole 16 has the smallest area. As the limit plate 26 moves upwards, it drives the horizontal plate 27 and the vertical rod 28 to move upwards until the top of the vertical rod 28 moves into the limit hole 202, pushing the limit ball 25 out. The limit ball 25 loses its engagement with the limit hole 202 and, under the action of the return spring 24, pulls the top sliding plate 23 to its initial position. The movement of the sliding plate 23 drives the two vertical plates 21 to their initial positions. The movement of the sliding plate 23 also drives the vertical rod 28 to move laterally, because at this point, the vertical rod 28 is still... Located inside the limiting hole 202, the lateral movement of the upright 28 compresses the positioning spring 29. Subsequently, the moving rod 81 moves downward again, and the push rod 17 abuts against the inclined plate 22 again to ensure that the area of ​​the through hole 16 is maximized. The upright 28 also moves downward until it is released from contact with the limiting hole 202. Under the action of the positioning spring 29, the upright 28 is driven to move to the initial position, which facilitates the subsequent compression of the limiting ball 25. The rotation of the rotating rod 12 drives the disc 40 to rotate, the rotation of the disc 40 drives the deflection plate 41 to rotate, and the rotation of the deflection plate 41 drives the deflection rod 42 to move back and forth along the support frame 31. The back and forth movement of the deflection rod 42 drives the rack 32 to move back and forth, thereby enabling the filter plate 30 to alternately abut against the circular groove 51.

Claims

1. A ventilation structure for use in long tunnels, comprising a horizontal pipe (1), characterized in that, A horizontal rod (2) is rotatably installed inside the horizontal tube (1). A drive gear (3) is fixedly sleeved at one end of the horizontal rod (2). A rotating fan (4) is fixedly sleeved at the end of the horizontal rod (2) away from the drive gear (3). A vertical tube (5) is fixedly installed below the horizontal tube (1). The vertical tube (5) is connected to the horizontal tube (1). A vertical rod (6) is rotatably installed inside the vertical tube (5). A rotating gear (7) is fixedly sleeved on one side of the vertical rod (6). The rotating gear (7) meshes with the drive gear (3). An exhaust fan (9) is fixedly sleeved at the end of the vertical rod (6) away from the rotating gear (7). A movable plate (10) is movably installed inside the vertical tube (5). A box (11) is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the end of the vertical tube (5) away from the horizontal tube (1). A transmission component (8) is installed inside the box (11) to drive the movable plate (10) to move up and down reciprocally. The transmission assembly (8) includes a moving rod (81), which moves through the housing (11) and the vertical tube (5) and its end is fixedly connected to the moving plate (10). The end of the moving rod (81) away from the moving plate (10) is located inside the housing (11) and a positioning plate (82) is movably fitted below it. A fixing frame (83) is fixedly installed inside the housing (11). The positioning plate (82) is slidably connected to the fixing frame (83). A first spring (84) is fixedly installed between the bottom of the positioning plate (82) and the bottom of the fixing frame (83). The housing (11) is rotatably provided with a rotating rod (12) on one side of the fixed frame (83). A rotating column (13) is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the rotating rod (12). A curved slide groove (131) is opened on the outside of the rotating column (13). A limiting rod (14) is slidably fitted in the curved slide groove (131). The end of the limiting rod (14) away from the rotating column (13) is fixedly connected to the moving rod (81). The movable plate (10) has a notch (101) at its center, and a circular plate (15) is movably disposed in the notch (101). The diameter of the circular plate (15) is smaller than the diameter of the movable plate (10). Both the circular plate (15) and the movable plate (10) have multiple through holes (16). The movable rod (81) has a circular hole (811) at its center, and a push rod (17) is movably disposed in the circular hole (811). One end of the push rod (17) is fixedly connected to the circular plate (15). A fixing ring (18) is fixedly disposed in the movable rod (81). A second spring (19) is fixedly disposed between the push rod (17) and the fixing ring (18).

2. The ventilation and air exchange structure based on a long tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The housing (11) is fixedly provided with a shell (20) on one side of the fixed frame (83). Two vertical plates (21) are movably arranged inside the shell (20). An inclined plate (22) is fixedly provided on one of the vertical plates (21). The push rod (17) moves through the shell (20) at one end away from the circular plate (15) and slides against the vertical plate (21) and the inclined plate (22).

3. A ventilation and air exchange structure based on a long tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that, The housing (20) has horizontal grooves (201) on both the upper and lower sides. A sliding plate (23) is slidably arranged in the horizontal groove (201). The sliding plate (23) is fixedly connected to the two vertical plates (21). A return spring (24) is fixedly arranged in the upper sliding plate (23) and the horizontal groove (201). A limiting hole (202) is opened at the top of the housing (20). The limiting hole (202) is connected to the horizontal groove (201). A limiting ball (25) is provided on one side of the sliding plate (23). The limiting ball (25) is movably engaged with the limiting hole (202).

4. A ventilation and air exchange structure based on a long tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that, A sloping groove (231) is provided on one side of the lower sliding plate (23). A limiting plate (26) is movably disposed inside the housing (20). The limiting plate (26) movably abuts against the sloping groove (231). The limiting plate (26) is fixedly connected to the limiting rod (14). The limiting rod (14) is slidably connected to the housing (20). A horizontal plate (27) is fixedly disposed on one side of the limiting plate (26). A vertical rod (28) is slidably disposed inside the horizontal plate (27). A positioning spring (29) is fixedly disposed between the vertical rod (28) and the horizontal plate (27). The top of the upright (28) is in contact with the limiting hole (202).

5. A ventilation and air exchange structure based on a long tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, A portion of the vertical pipe (5) is located inside the box body (11), and two circular grooves (51) are formed on the outer side of this portion. A filter plate (30) is movably arranged in the circular grooves (51). A support frame (31) is fixedly arranged on one side of the box body (11) at the circular grooves (51). A rack (32) is slidably arranged in the support frame (31). Two support plates (33) are fixedly arranged on one side of the box body (11) at the support frame (31). The center of the support plate (33) is movable. A round rod (34) is provided through the shaft. A sleeve (35) is threadedly connected to the outer side of the round rod (34) with opposite threads. A positioning gear (36) is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the round rod (34). The positioning gear (36) meshes with the rack (32) for transmission. The sleeve (35) is slidably connected to the bottom of the box (11) and its end is fixedly connected to the filter plate (30). Wiping plates (37) are fixedly provided on both sides of the box (11) located on the vertical tube (5).

6. A ventilation and air exchange structure based on a long tunnel according to claim 5, characterized in that, The vertical tube (5) has grooves (52) on both sides of the circular groove (51). A baffle (38) is movably arranged in the groove (52). A third spring (39) is fixed between the baffle (38) and the groove (52). The filter plate (30) is in movable contact with the baffle (38).

7. A ventilation and air exchange structure based on a long tunnel according to claim 5, characterized in that, The bottom of the rotating rod (12) is fixedly connected to a disc (40), and a deflection plate (41) is rotatably connected to the bottom edge of the disc (40). A deflection rod (42) is rotatably connected to the end of the deflection plate (41) away from the disc (40). The deflection rod (42) is slidably connected to the support frame (31) and fixedly installed on one side of the rack (32).

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