Interface micro-nano bubble-based whole-process negative pressure flotation device

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of based on interface micro-nano bubble's whole negative pressure flotation device, including negative pressure control mechanism, micro-nano flotation mechanism being arranged in negative pressure control mechanism and reagent dosing mechanism being arranged on micro-nano flotation mechanism;Negative pressure control mechanism includes vacuum pump, pressure controller and vacuum containing chamber connected in sequence by pipeline;Micro-nano flotation mechanism includes the bubble flotation tank being arranged in vacuum containing chamber and opening upwards, and bubble flotation tank top is equipped with bubble scraper;Micro-nano auxiliary aeration mechanism is equipped in the bottom of bubble flotation tank;Reagent dosing mechanism includes reagent dosing support frame being fixed in vacuum containing chamber, and reagent dosing support frame is fixed with multiple vertical extension reagent dosing pipes;Negative pressure flotation process is not related to ore pulp rapid flow, so air erosion phenomenon does not occur, and equipment is not damaged, and simultaneously, direct vacuum extraction method is used to generate interface micro-nano bubble on mineral surface, and the efficiency of mineral flotation is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mineral processing technology, specifically to a full-process negative pressure flotation device based on interfacial micro-nano bubbles. Background Technology

[0002] Flotation is a mineral processing method that uses differences in the physical and chemical properties of mineral surfaces to float solid minerals from a suspension in water (slurry). Foam flotation is widely used industrially. Its characteristic is that the target mineral selectively adheres to flotation bubbles in the slurry and rises to the surface, achieving separation of valuable minerals from gangue. As mineral resources become increasingly scarce, fine-grained, and complex, conventional flotation methods are no longer sufficient to effectively separate valuable minerals from gangue minerals. In recent years, micro- and nano-bubbles have been applied to mineral flotation with good results, especially for the flotation of complex, fine-grained minerals.

[0003] Micro- and nanobubbles differ from flotation bubbles. Micro- and nanobubbles primarily alter the surface properties of minerals, promoting the aggregation of fine mineral particles to increase their size and enhancing the collision and adhesion probability between fine mineral particles and flotation bubbles. Their diameter is in the micrometer or nanometer range. In contrast, flotation bubbles typically have a diameter in the millimeter range. Their main function is to allow minerals to adhere to their surfaces, forming mineralized bubbles that act as carriers for minerals to float to the surface of the pulp, thus achieving the separation of valuable minerals from gangue minerals.

[0004] Micro- and nanobubbles are mainly classified into two types: bulk micro- and nanobubbles and interfacial micro- and nanobubbles. Bulk micro- and nanobubbles typically have a diameter of less than 1 μm, while interfacial micro- and nanobubbles typically have a diameter of 1–100 μm. Although interfacial nanobubbles and bulk micro- and nanobubbles share some similarities in properties, such as their stability, which is difficult to explain using classical thermodynamics, unlike macroscopic bubbles, their research history and methodologies are relatively independent. Furthermore, due to their unique physical properties, they each hold significant application prospects in industry, agriculture, and biomedicine.

[0005] Currently, the most common method for generating bulk micro / nano bubbles is hydraulic cavitation, hence the name cavitation bubbles. Because these bubbles require high nucleation energy and their nucleation pressure must be lower than the saturated vapor pressure, a relatively high slurry flow rate is necessary, typically above 15 m / s. At this velocity, a phase transition from liquid to gas occurs, easily leading to cavitation erosion and equipment damage. Furthermore, the bubble generation process involves only two phases (gas and liquid), limiting the efficiency of its interaction with fine-grained minerals. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a full-process negative pressure flotation device based on interfacial micro-nano bubbles, which enables full-process negative pressure flotation by generating interfacial micro-nano bubbles on the mineral surface. This is of great significance for improving mineral flotation efficiency and reducing the environmental pollution caused by reagent use.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] A full-process negative pressure flotation device based on interface micro-nano bubbles includes a negative pressure control mechanism, a micro-nano flotation mechanism disposed within the negative pressure control mechanism, and a reagent dosing mechanism disposed on the micro-nano flotation mechanism.

[0009] The negative pressure control mechanism includes a vacuum pump, a pressure controller, and a vacuum containment chamber connected in sequence via pipelines;

[0010] The pressure range of the vacuum containment chamber is 4 kPa to 101 kPa;

[0011] The pressure controller has a range of 0–101 kPa and a control accuracy of 0.2 kPa.

[0012] The micro-nano flotation mechanism includes a bubble flotation cell with its opening facing upward, located within a vacuum chamber, and a bubble scraper is provided at the top of the bubble flotation cell;

[0013] The bottom of the bubble flotation cell is equipped with a micro-nano auxiliary aeration mechanism;

[0014] The bubble flotation cell is equipped with a rotating rotor stirring mechanism.

[0015] The rotational speed of the rotor stirring mechanism is set to 10–50 r / s, and the air volume of the micro-nano auxiliary aeration mechanism is set to 0.05–0.4 m³ / s. 3 / h;

[0016] The reagent dosing mechanism includes multiple reagent dosing pipes fixed to the top of the vacuum containment chamber and located above the bubble flotation cell.

[0017] In mineral processing, the minerals are one or more of sulfide minerals, oxide minerals, non-metallic minerals and coal, and the mineral particle size is 400 mesh fine-grained minerals.

[0018] Preferably, the micro-nano auxiliary aeration mechanism includes an aeration cavity shell, and an aeration path plate is fixed to the top of the aeration cavity shell;

[0019] The aeration path plate has multiple micropores with a diameter of 0.1 to 100 μm;

[0020] The top of the aeration cavity shell has a hollow structure that connects the inside and outside, and the micropores on the aeration path plate are connected to the inside of the aeration cavity shell.

[0021] The bottom of the aeration cavity shell is fixed with multiple aeration input pipes that are connected to its interior. The aeration input pipes are equipped with air supply control valves and air inlet valves.

[0022] The bottom of the aeration cavity shell is provided with multiple air oscillation mechanisms. The air oscillation mechanism includes an air oscillation generating shell fixed to the bottom of the aeration cavity shell with its opening facing upward. An air oscillation membrane is fixed to the top of the air oscillation generating shell.

[0023] An oscillation drive cylinder is fixed at the bottom, and a vertically extending air oscillation drive rod is slidably connected to the top of the oscillation drive cylinder. The upper end of the air oscillation drive rod is fixedly connected to the air oscillation membrane.

[0024] Note: This micro-nano auxiliary aeration mechanism can generate a large number of continuous microbubbles under high-frequency oscillation conditions to assist in flotation.

[0025] Preferably, the oscillation drive cylinder has a hollow structure inside, and a directional constraint cylinder with an upward opening is fixed at the bottom inside the oscillation drive cylinder. The lower end of the air oscillation drive rod extends into the oscillation drive cylinder and is slidably connected in the directional constraint cylinder. A support constraint spring is provided between the lower end of the air oscillation drive rod and the bottom inside the directional constraint cylinder for pressing cooperation.

[0026] Explanation: The direction constraint cylinder effectively constrains the movement direction of the air oscillation drive rod, and the support constraint spring provides good support for the air oscillation drive rod in the non-working state, preventing the air oscillation diaphragm from being under stress for a long time.

[0027] Preferably, the air oscillation drive rod is driven by a linear motor to vibrate periodically in the vertical direction, the stator of the linear motor is fixed on the inner wall of the oscillation drive cylinder, and the mover of the linear motor is fixed on the part of the air oscillation drive rod inside the oscillation drive cylinder.

[0028] Explanation: A linear motor is used to drive the air oscillation actuator, which facilitates control of the actuator's driving frequency and vibration amplitude.

[0029] Preferably, the micro-nano auxiliary aeration mechanism is provided with an ultrasonic oscillation mechanism, which includes an ultrasonic oscillation receiving cylinder fixed on the outer wall of the aeration cavity shell, and an ultrasonic generator is fixed inside the ultrasonic oscillation receiving cylinder.

[0030] An ultrasonic mechanism protective shell is fixed to the outside of the aeration cavity shell, and each ultrasonic oscillation containment cylinder is surrounded inside the ultrasonic mechanism protective shell.

[0031] Note: The ultrasonic oscillation mechanism helps improve the conditions for microbubble generation and helps produce uniform microbubbles.

[0032] Preferably, the micro-nano auxiliary aeration mechanism is provided with a mechanical separation mechanism, which includes multiple mechanical separation drive cylinders fixed at the top edge of the aeration path plate, and a mechanical separation drive column is slidably connected inside the mechanical separation drive cylinder.

[0033] The mechanical separation drive cylinder is a hollow cylindrical shell, and the side wall of the mechanical separation drive cylinder has a drive extension groove that is connected inside and out and extends in a direction parallel to its axis.

[0034] Two mechanical separation drive cylinders form a group, and a bubble separation steel wire is fixedly connected between each group of mechanical separation drive cylinders;

[0035] The mechanical partition drive column is driven by a linear motor to reciprocate along the axis of the mechanical partition drive cylinder. The stator of the linear motor is fixed on the inner wall of the mechanical partition drive cylinder, and the mover of the linear motor is fixed on the outer side of the mechanical partition drive column.

[0036] Note: The mechanical separation mechanism facilitates the timely removal of microbubbles attached to the top of the aeration path plate, avoiding adverse effects on newly generated microbubbles.

[0037] Preferably, the reagent dosing tube includes an initial dosing tube, a middle buffer tube, and an end dosing tube connected sequentially from top to bottom;

[0038] The top of the initial dosing tube is fixed with a reagent dosing port that is connected to it.

[0039] Note: Multiple independent zones are set on the reagent dosing tube to avoid adverse effects on the negative pressure state in the vacuum chamber during reagent dosing.

[0040] Preferably, an initial dosing control valve is connected between the initial dosing pipe and the intermediate buffer pipe, and an end dosing control valve is connected between the intermediate buffer pipe and the end dosing pipe.

[0041] Explanation: By sequentially controlling the opening and closing states of the initial dosing control valve and the final dosing control valve, each reagent dosing tube is kept in a sealed state relative to the inside of the vacuum chamber.

[0042] Preferably, the middle section buffer tube is provided with a differential pressure assist mechanism, which includes an assist mechanism housing shell, and a negative pressure balance tank and a high pressure gas storage tank are fixed inside the assist mechanism housing shell.

[0043] The booster mechanism housing contains a booster vacuum pump and an air compressor pump. The input end of the booster vacuum pump is connected to the inside of the negative pressure balance tank through a pipe, and the output end of the air compressor pump is connected to the inside of the high-pressure air storage tank through a pipe.

[0044] A negative pressure connecting pipe connected to the inside of the middle section buffer tube is fixed to the outside of the middle section buffer tube. The negative pressure connecting pipe has a negative pressure control valve. A high pressure connecting pipe connected to the inside of the middle section buffer tube is fixed to the outside of the middle section buffer tube. The high pressure connecting pipe has a high pressure control valve.

[0045] The other end of the negative pressure connecting pipe is connected to the inside of the negative pressure balance tank, and the other end of the high pressure connecting pipe is connected to the inside of the high pressure gas storage tank.

[0046] Note: The differential pressure assist mechanism helps to dispense the agent more smoothly under the action of differential pressure, and prevents the agent from adhering to the inner wall of the agent dosing pipe.

[0047] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are reflected in the following aspects:

[0048] 1. The negative pressure flotation process of this invention does not involve rapid flow of slurry, so cavitation will not occur and will not damage the equipment. At the same time, the method of direct vacuuming is used to generate interfacial micro-nano bubbles on the mineral surface. The main principle is to reduce the pressure so that the gas is released from the solid surface in the form of extremely small bubbles, which expands the wettability difference between minerals, promotes the agglomeration of fine mineral particles, and increases the probability of collision and adhesion between fine mineral particles and flotation bubbles, thereby improving mineral flotation efficiency and reducing reagent consumption.

[0049] 2. This invention directly establishes a mathematical model between negative pressure and flotation recovery rate, which can quickly determine negative pressure parameters for different minerals and flotation reagents, avoiding the influence of many factors in complex fluid environments;

[0050] 3. The micro-nano bubbles generated by this invention are interfacial micro-nano bubbles generated by dissolved gas diffusion and micro-nano bubbles generated by the micro-nano auxiliary aeration mechanism. The interfacial bubbles generated have a higher interaction efficiency with minerals than cavitation bubbles in the bulk phase.

[0051] 4. In this invention, the bubble nucleation energy is low, and the pressure reduction range is between atmospheric pressure and saturated vapor pressure for micro-nano bubbles. At the same time, negative pressure is maintained throughout the pulp conditioning and flotation process to avoid the impact of changing from negative pressure to atmospheric pressure on the size of interface bubbles, thus making the flotation efficiency higher. On the other hand, direct vacuum pressure reduction effectively avoids the problem of easy blockage in the pipes of Venturi pulp conditioning equipment or cavitation pipes. Attached Figure Description

[0052] Figure 1 This is the front view of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the micro-nano auxiliary aeration mechanism of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Top view;

[0055] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the air oscillation mechanism of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the mechanical separation mechanism of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the drug dosing tube of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 7 This is a top view of the differential pressure assist mechanism of the present invention.

[0059] In the diagram, 10-negative pressure control mechanism, 11-vacuum pump, 12-pressure controller, 13-vacuum chamber, 131-main support frame, 20-micro-nano flotation mechanism, 21-bubble flotation tank, 211-rotor stirring mechanism, 22-foam scraper, 23-micro-nano auxiliary aeration mechanism, 231-aeration cavity shell, 232-aeration path plate, 233-aeration input pipe, 234-gas supply control valve, 235-ventilation check valve, 24-air oscillation mechanism, 241-air oscillation generating shell, 242-air oscillation film, 243-oscillation drive cylinder, 244-air oscillation drive rod, 245-directional constraint cylinder, 246-support constraint spring, 25-ultrasonic oscillation mechanism, 250-ultrasonic mechanism fixing hole, 251 - Ultrasonic oscillation containment cylinder, 252 Ultrasonic generator, 253 Ultrasonic mechanism protective shell, 26 Mechanical separation mechanism, 261 Mechanical separation drive cylinder, 262 Mechanical separation drive column, 263 Bubble separation steel wire, 30 Reagent dosing mechanism, 32 Reagent dosing tube, 321 Initial dosing tube, 322 Intermediate buffer tube, 323 Terminal dosing tube, 324 Initial dosing control valve, 325 Terminal dosing control valve, 33 Differential pressure assist mechanism, 331 Assist mechanism containment shell, 332 Negative pressure balance tank, 333 High pressure gas storage tank, 334 Assist vacuum pump, 335 Air compressor pump, 336 Negative pressure connecting pipe, 337 Negative pressure control valve, 338 High pressure connecting pipe, 339 High pressure control valve. Detailed Implementation

[0060] The following is combined with Figures 1-7 The present invention will be described in detail. For ease of description, the orientations mentioned below are defined as follows: The directions of up, down, left, right, front, and back mentioned below are consistent with the directions of up, down, left, right, front, and back in the projection relationship of the respective main view or structural schematic diagram.

[0061] Example 1:

[0062] A full-process negative pressure flotation device based on interfacial micro-nano bubbles, such as Figure 1As shown, it includes a negative pressure control mechanism 10, a micro-nano flotation mechanism 20 disposed within the negative pressure control mechanism 10, and a reagent dosing mechanism 30 disposed on the micro-nano flotation mechanism 20.

[0063] The negative pressure control mechanism 10 includes a vacuum pump 11, a pressure controller 12, and a vacuum containment chamber 13 connected in sequence by pipes;

[0064] The micro-nano flotation mechanism 20 includes a bubble flotation cell 21 with its opening facing upward, which is disposed in a vacuum chamber 13, and a bubble scraper 22 is provided on the top of the bubble flotation cell 21;

[0065] A main support frame 131 is fixed inside the vacuum chamber 13, and the bubble flotation cell 21 is fixed on the main support frame 131;

[0066] The bottom of the bubble flotation cell 21 is equipped with a micro-nano auxiliary aeration mechanism 23;

[0067] A rotor stirring mechanism 211 is rotatably fitted inside the bubble flotation cell 21.

[0068] The reagent dosing mechanism 30 includes multiple reagent dosing tubes 32 fixed to the top of the vacuum containment chamber 13 and located above the bubble flotation cell 21.

[0069] The reagent dosing mechanism 30 is used to add pH adjusters, dispersants, flocculants, inhibitors, activators, collectors, and foaming agents;

[0070] like Figure 1 As shown, the micro-nano auxiliary aeration mechanism 23 includes an aeration cavity shell 231, and an aeration path plate 232 is fixed on the top of the aeration cavity shell 231.

[0071] The aeration path plate 232 has multiple micropores with a diameter of 0.1 to 100 μm;

[0072] The top of the aeration cavity shell 231 has a hollow structure that connects the inside and outside, and the micropores on the aeration path plate 232 are connected to the inside of the aeration cavity shell 231.

[0073] The bottom of the aeration cavity shell 231 is fixed with multiple aeration input pipes 233 that are connected to its interior. The aeration input pipes 233 are equipped with an air supply control valve 234 and an air passage check valve 235 inside the aeration input pipes 233.

[0074] The bottom of the aeration cavity shell 231 is provided with multiple air oscillation mechanisms 24. Each air oscillation mechanism 24 includes an air oscillation generating shell 241 fixed to the bottom of the aeration cavity shell 231 with its opening facing upward. An air oscillation film 242 is fixed to the top of the air oscillation generating shell 241.

[0075] An oscillation drive cylinder 243 is fixed at the bottom, and a vertically extending air oscillation drive rod 244 is slidably connected to the top of the oscillation drive cylinder 243. The upper end of the air oscillation drive rod 244 is fixedly connected to the air oscillation film 242.

[0076] like Figure 4 As shown, the inside of the oscillation drive cylinder 243 is a hollow structure. A directional constraint cylinder 245 with an upward opening is fixed at the bottom inside the oscillation drive cylinder 243. The lower end of the air oscillation drive rod 244 extends into the inside of the oscillation drive cylinder 243 and is slidably connected in the directional constraint cylinder 245. A support constraint spring 246 is provided between the lower end of the air oscillation drive rod 244 and the bottom inside the directional constraint cylinder 245 for pressing cooperation.

[0077] like Figure 4 As shown, the air oscillation drive rod 244 is driven by a linear motor to vibrate periodically in the vertical direction. The stator of the linear motor is fixed on the inner wall of the oscillation drive cylinder 243, and the mover of the linear motor is fixed on the part of the air oscillation drive rod 244 inside the oscillation drive cylinder 243.

[0078] like Figure 6 As shown, the drug dosing tube 32 includes an initial dosing tube 321, a middle buffer tube 322, and an end dosing tube 323 connected sequentially from top to bottom;

[0079] The top of the initial dosing tube 321 is fixed with a reagent dosing port 320 that is connected to it.

[0080] like Figure 6 As shown, an initial dosing control valve 324 is connected between the initial dosing pipe 321 and the intermediate buffer pipe 322, and an end dosing control valve 325 is connected between the intermediate buffer pipe 322 and the end dosing pipe 323.

[0081] Example 2:

[0082] Based on Example 1, the micro-nano auxiliary aeration mechanism 23 is equipped with an ultrasonic oscillation mechanism 25, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the ultrasonic oscillation mechanism 25 includes an ultrasonic oscillation receiving cylinder 251 fixed on the outer wall of the aeration cavity shell 231, and an ultrasonic generator 252 is fixed inside the ultrasonic oscillation receiving cylinder 251.

[0083] An ultrasonic mechanism protective shell 253 is fixed to the outside of the aeration cavity shell 231, and each ultrasonic vibration containment cylinder 251 is surrounded inside the ultrasonic mechanism protective shell 253.

[0084] The aeration cavity shell 231 has multiple ultrasonic mechanism fixing holes 250 that are interconnected inside and out on its side wall. The ultrasonic vibration receiving cylinder 251 is fixed in the ultrasonic mechanism fixing holes 250. The ultrasonic vibration receiving cylinder 251 is a cylindrical shell with one end open, and the open end of the ultrasonic vibration receiving cylinder 251 faces the inside of the aeration cavity shell 231.

[0085] Example 3:

[0086] Based on Example 2, the micro-nano auxiliary aeration mechanism 23 is provided with a mechanical separation mechanism 26, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the mechanical separation mechanism 26 includes a plurality of mechanical separation drive cylinders 261 fixed at the top edge of the aeration path plate 232, and a mechanical separation drive column 262 is slidably connected inside the mechanical separation drive cylinder 261.

[0087] The mechanical separation drive cylinder 261 is a hollow cylindrical shell, and the side wall of the mechanical separation drive cylinder 261 has a drive extension groove 260 that is connected inside and outside and extends in a direction parallel to its axis.

[0088] The aeration path plate 232 has a disc-shaped structure, and two mechanically separated drive cylinders 261 arranged at both ends of the radial direction of the aeration path plate 232 form a group;

[0089] Two mechanical separation drive cylinders 261 form a group, and a bubble separation steel wire 263 is fixedly connected between each group of mechanical separation drive columns 262.

[0090] The mechanical partition drive column 262 is driven by a linear motor to reciprocate along the axis of the mechanical partition drive cylinder 261. The stator of the linear motor is fixed on the inner wall of the mechanical partition drive cylinder 261, and the mover of the linear motor is fixed on the outer side of the mechanical partition drive column 262.

[0091] Example 4:

[0092] Based on Example 3,

[0093] The intermediate buffer tube 322 is equipped with a differential pressure assist mechanism 33, such as Figure 7 As shown, the differential pressure assist mechanism 33 includes an assist mechanism housing 331, and a negative pressure balance tank 332 and a high pressure gas storage tank 333 are fixed inside the assist mechanism housing 331.

[0094] The booster vacuum pump 334 and the air compressor pump 335 are fixed inside the booster housing 331. The input end of the booster vacuum pump 334 is connected to the inside of the negative pressure balance tank 332 through a pipe, and the output end of the air compressor pump 335 is connected to the inside of the high pressure storage tank 333 through a pipe.

[0095] A negative pressure connecting pipe 336 connected to the inside is fixed on the outside of the middle section buffer pipe 322. A negative pressure control valve 337 is provided on the negative pressure connecting pipe 336. A high pressure connecting pipe 338 connected to the inside is fixed on the outside of the middle section buffer pipe 322. A high pressure control valve 339 is provided on the high pressure connecting pipe 338.

[0096] The other end of the negative pressure connecting pipe 336 is connected to the inside of the negative pressure balance tank 332, and the other end of the high pressure connecting pipe 338 is connected to the inside of the high pressure storage tank 333.

[0097] In practical applications, the micro-nano auxiliary aeration mechanism 23 operates by injecting air into the aeration cavity housing 231 through multiple aeration input pipes 233 at an air injection rate of 0.05–0.4 m / s. 3 / h, the air oscillation drive rod 244 driven by the linear motor vibrates periodically in the vertical direction. The vibration frequency of the air oscillation drive rod 244 is 1000Hz. The air oscillation drive rod 244 drives the air oscillation film 242 to vibrate periodically in the vertical direction. Under the synchronous and coordinated action of multiple air oscillation mechanisms 24, the air pressure in the aeration cavity shell 231 changes periodically along with the vibration frequency of the air oscillation film 242. The air is discharged through the micropores on the aeration path plate 232. Due to the periodic fluctuation of the pressure in the aeration cavity shell 231, at the top interface of the aeration path plate 232, the air bubbles separate and peel off under this periodic fluctuation, forming dense microbubbles that diffuse into the water. These microbubbles will adhere to the surface of the mineral to be floated during the rising process and participate in the flotation.

[0098] At the same time, the mechanical separation mechanism 26 is used to peel off the bubbles attached to the top of the aeration path plate 232 to avoid affecting the generation effect of microbubbles. Specifically, the mechanical separation drive column 262 is driven by a linear motor to reciprocate along the axis of the mechanical separation drive cylinder 261. The bubble separation wire 263 between each set of mechanical separation drive columns 262 scrapes back and forth on the top of the aeration path plate 232, so that the bubbles attached to the top of the aeration path plate 232 are peeled off and dispersed into the water.

[0099] The working process of the agent dosing mechanism 30 is to add the agent into the initial dosing pipe 321 through the agent dosing port 320;

[0100] The vacuum pump 334 evacuates the inside of the negative pressure balance tank 332, keeping the inside of the negative pressure balance tank 332 under negative pressure. The air compressor pump 335 pressurizes the inside of the high pressure storage tank 333, keeping the inside of the high pressure storage tank 333 under 3 times atmospheric pressure.

[0101] Open the negative pressure control valve 337 to balance the internal air pressure of the negative pressure balance tank 332 and the intermediate buffer tube 322, so that the internal air pressure of the intermediate buffer tube 322 is temporarily in a negative pressure state, and then close the negative pressure control valve 337.

[0102] Open the initial dosing control valve 324. Since the middle buffer tube 322 is temporarily under negative pressure, the agent in the initial dosing tube 321 is smoothly delivered to the middle buffer tube 322 under the action of pressure difference. Then close the initial dosing control valve 324.

[0103] Open the high pressure control valve 339 to balance the internal air pressure of the high pressure storage tank 333 and the intermediate buffer tube 322, so that the internal pressure of the intermediate buffer tube 322 is temporarily in a high pressure state, and then close the high pressure control valve 339.

[0104] Open the end dosing control valve 325. Since the middle buffer tube 322 is temporarily under high pressure, the reagent in the middle buffer tube 322 is smoothly transported to the end dosing tube 323 under the action of pressure difference. The reagent is finally discharged from the lower end of the end dosing tube 323 and mixed with the ore to be floated. Then close the end dosing control valve 325 to complete the reagent dosing.

[0105] The micro-nano flotation mechanism 20 of the present invention is automatically controlled by a control system, which includes controlling the power switch of the micro-nano flotation mechanism 20, the rotation speed of the rotor stirring mechanism 211, the air volume of the micro-nano auxiliary aeration mechanism 23, and the start and stop of the foam scraper 22.

[0106] The rotational speed of the rotor stirring mechanism 211 is set to 10–50 r / s, and the aeration rate of the micro-nano auxiliary aeration mechanism 23 is set to 0.05–0.4 m³ / s. 3 / h;

[0107] The vacuum chamber 13 has an openable door. The door of the vacuum chamber 13 is opened to inject the ore to be floated and water into the bubble flotation cell 21. Then the door is closed, the vacuum pump 11 is turned on to evacuate the vacuum chamber 13, and the pressure inside the vacuum chamber 13 is precisely controlled by the pressure controller 12.

[0108] After reducing the pressure in the vacuum chamber 13 to the target pressure, the rotor of the micro-nano flotation mechanism 20 is started. Then, the pH adjuster, dispersant, flocculant, inhibitor, activator, collector and foaming agent are added to the ore to be floated in sequence using the reagent addition mechanism 30.

[0109] Turn on the micro-nano auxiliary aeration mechanism 23 to aerate the bubble flotation tank 21, and turn on the bubble scraper 22 to scrape the bubbles for 8 minutes. After the bubble scraper 22 is finished, turn off the micro-nano auxiliary aeration mechanism 23 and finally restore the pressure of the vacuum chamber 13 to normal pressure.

[0110] The required pressure inside the vacuum chamber 13, the rotational speed of the rotor stirring mechanism 211, and the air volume of the micro-nano auxiliary aeration mechanism 23 are determined according to the following method:

[0111]

[0112] In the formula: H is the system influence coefficient, %; ΔP is the pressure drop amplitude, kPa, ΔP = 101 kPa (atmospheric pressure) - P (pressure inside the vacuum chamber 13, all pressure values ​​in this patent are absolute pressures); N is the rotational speed of the rotor stirring mechanism 211, r / s; Q is the air volume of the micro-nano auxiliary aeration mechanism 23, m³ / s. 3 / min; T is the flotation time, min; where ΔP∈[0kPa~96kPa], N∈[10~50r / s], Q∈[0.05~0.4m 3 / h], T∈[1~8min];

[0113] In Formula 1, the required flotation reagents are determined based on the minerals. A single-variable method is used for the four parameters ΔP, N, Q, and T, such as taking a value for ΔP, N, and Q within their respective ranges. Simultaneously, experiments are conducted for time T at various values ​​(T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6…). Based on the experimental results, ε1, ε2, ε3, ε4, ε5, ε6… can be obtained. Furthermore, from Formula 1, H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6… can be obtained. The above data are then fitted using Matlab software to obtain the relationship between the system influence coefficient and the flotation recovery rate, as shown below:

[0114] ε=α1H 2 +α2H+α3 (1)

[0115] In the formula: ε is the flotation recovery rate, %; H is the system influence coefficient, %; α1, α2, and α3 are constants determined by the mineral type and the type of flotation reagent.

[0116] The optimal value of the system influence coefficient H is determined by the optimal value of ε, and is denoted as H. x Combined with formula 2, H x The optimal flotation time can be obtained by reverse calculation, denoted as T. x Repeating this step yields the optimal pressure reduction, rotational speed, and maximum capacity, denoted as ΔP. x N x Q x .

Claims

1. An interface micro-nano bubble-based full-range negative pressure flotation device, characterized in that, It includes a negative pressure control mechanism (10), a micro-nano flotation mechanism (20) arranged in the negative pressure control mechanism (10), and a medicament adding mechanism (30) arranged on the micro-nano flotation mechanism (20); The negative pressure control mechanism (10) comprises a vacuum pump (11), a pressure controller (12) and a vacuum containing chamber (13) connected in sequence by pipelines; The micro-nano flotation mechanism (20) comprises a bubble flotation tank (21) arranged in the vacuum containing chamber (13) and having an opening upward, and a bubble scraping machine (22) arranged at the top of the bubble flotation tank (21); The bottom of the bubble flotation tank (21) is provided with a micro-nano auxiliary aeration mechanism (23); The bubble flotation tank (21) is rotationally fitted with a rotor stirring mechanism (211); The micro-nano auxiliary aeration mechanism (23) comprises an aeration cavity shell (231), and the aeration cavity shell (231) is fixedly provided with an aeration passage plate (232) at the top; The aeration passage plate (232) is provided with a plurality of micropores with a pore size of 0.1-100 μm; The top of the aeration cavity shell (231) is a hollow structure communicating inside and outside, and the micropores on the aeration passage plate (232) are in communication with the inside of the aeration cavity shell (231); The bottom of the aeration cavity shell (231) is fixedly provided with a plurality of aeration input pipes (233) in communication with the inside thereof, the aeration input pipes (233) are provided with gas delivery control valves (234) thereon, and the aeration input pipes (233) are provided with air one-way valves (235) therein; The bottom of the aeration cavity shell (231) is provided with a plurality of air shock mechanisms (24), and the air shock mechanism (24) comprises an air shock generating shell (241) fixedly arranged at the bottom of the aeration cavity shell (231) and having an opening upward, and an air shock film (242) fixedly arranged at the top of the air shock generating shell (241); The bottom is fixedly provided with a shock driving cylinder (243), the top of the shock driving cylinder (243) is slidably connected with a vertically extending air shock driving rod (244), and the upper end of the air shock driving rod (244) is fixedly connected with the air shock film (242); The micro-nano auxiliary aeration mechanism (23) is provided with an ultrasonic shock mechanism (25), the ultrasonic shock mechanism (25) comprises an ultrasonic shock containing cylinder (251) fixedly arranged on the outer side wall of the aeration cavity shell (231), and an ultrasonic wave generator (252) fixedly arranged in the ultrasonic shock containing cylinder (251); The outer side of the aeration cavity shell (231) is fixedly provided with an ultrasonic mechanism protection shell (253), and each ultrasonic shock containing cylinder (251) is surrounded in the ultrasonic mechanism protection shell (253); The medicament adding mechanism (30) comprises a plurality of medicament adding pipes (32) fixedly arranged at the top of the vacuum containing chamber (13) and located above the bubble flotation tank (21).

2. The whole process negative pressure flotation device based on interface micro-nano bubbles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The oscillation driving cylinder (243) is hollow, the bottom of the oscillation driving cylinder (243) is fixed with a direction constraint cylinder (245) with an upward opening, and the lower end of the air oscillation driving rod (244) extends into the oscillation driving cylinder (243) and is slidingly connected in the direction constraint cylinder (245), and a support constraint spring (246) is arranged in top pressing fit between the lower end of the air oscillation driving rod (244) and the inner bottom of the direction constraint cylinder (245).

3. The whole process negative pressure flotation device based on interface micro-nano bubbles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air oscillation driving rod (244) is driven by a linear motor to periodically vibrate in the vertical direction, the inner side wall of the oscillation driving cylinder (243) is fixed with a stator of the linear motor, and the part of the air oscillation driving rod (244) in the oscillation driving cylinder (243) is fixed with a rotor of the linear motor.

4. The full range negative pressure flotation device based on interfacial micro- and nano-bubbles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The micro-nano auxiliary aeration mechanism (23) is provided with a mechanical separation mechanism (26), the mechanical separation mechanism (26) comprises a plurality of mechanical separation driving cylinders (261) fixed at the top edge of the aeration pathway plate (232), and a mechanical separation driving column (262) is slidingly connected in the mechanical separation driving cylinder (261); The mechanical separation driving cylinder (261) is a hollow cylindrical shell, and the mechanical separation driving cylinder (261) has a driving extension groove (260) extending in the direction parallel to the axis and communicating between the inside and the outside on the side wall; Two mechanical separation driving cylinders (261) form a group, and a bubble separation steel wire (263) is fixedly connected between the mechanical separation driving columns (262) in each group; The mechanical separation driving column (262) is driven by a linear motor to reciprocate along the axis of the mechanical separation driving cylinder (261), the inner side wall of the mechanical separation driving cylinder (261) is fixed with a stator of the linear motor, and the outer side of the mechanical separation driving column (262) is fixed with a rotor of the linear motor.

5. The full range negative pressure flotation device based on interfacial micro- and nano-bubbles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The medicament adding pipe (32) comprises an initial segment adding pipe (321), a middle segment buffer pipe (322) and a terminal adding pipe (323) connected in sequence from top to bottom. The initial segment adding pipe (321) is fixed at the top with a medicament adding port (320) in communication therewith.

6. The full range negative pressure flotation device based on interfacial micro- and nano-bubbles according to claim 5, characterized in that, An initial segment adding control valve (324) is connected between the initial segment adding pipe (321) and the middle segment buffer pipe (322), and a terminal adding control valve (325) is connected between the middle segment buffer pipe (322) and the terminal adding pipe (323).

7. The device according to claim 5, wherein, The middle segment buffer pipe (322) is provided with a differential pressure assisting mechanism (33), and the differential pressure assisting mechanism (33) comprises an assisting mechanism containing shell (331), a negative pressure balance tank (332) and a high-pressure gas storage tank (333) are fixed in the assisting mechanism containing shell (331). A force vacuum pump (334) and an air compression pump (335) are fixed in the assisting mechanism containing shell (331), the input end of the force vacuum pump (334) is in communication with the inside of the negative pressure balance tank (332) through a pipeline, and the output end of the air compression pump (335) is in communication with the inside of the high-pressure gas storage tank (333) through a pipeline. The middle buffer tube (322) is fixed with a negative pressure connecting tube (336) that communicates with its interior. The negative pressure connecting tube (336) has a negative pressure control valve (337). The middle buffer tube (322) is fixed with a high pressure connecting tube (338) that communicates with its interior. The high pressure connecting tube (338) has a high pressure control valve (339). The other end of the negative pressure connecting pipe (336) is connected to the inside of the negative pressure balance tank (332), and the other end of the high pressure connecting pipe (338) is connected to the inside of the high pressure gas storage tank (333).

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