Pneumatic combined cylinder type small-particle seed precision gathering and distributing device

Abstract

The application discloses a pneumatic combined roller type small-particle-size seed precision collecting and distributing device, which comprises a shell assembly, a seed box assembly, a driving assembly, a control assembly, a pneumatic roller assembly, a pneumatic seed guiding assembly and a seed cleaning assembly; the shell assembly comprises left and right shells arranged oppositely, the seed box assembly is arranged at the rear end between the left and right shells, the seed cleaning assembly is arranged at the front end of the seed box assembly, the pneumatic roller assembly is arranged below the seed cleaning assembly, and the pneumatic seed guiding assembly is arranged in front of the pneumatic roller assembly; the driving assembly is arranged at the left side of the left shell and is connected with the pneumatic roller assembly to provide rotary power for the pneumatic roller assembly; a gas source assembly is arranged at the right side of the right shell and is connected with the seed cleaning assembly, the pneumatic roller assembly and the pneumatic seed guiding assembly through gas pipelines. The application can avoid seed breakage caused by extrusion, and solves the technical problems of poor adaptability and seed damage during seed distribution of the existing collecting and distributing device, thereby improving the seeding effect.

Description

Pneumatic combined drum type small diameter seed precision collection and sorting device Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural seeding equipment technology, specifically, it relates to a pneumatic combined drum type precision seed collection and sorting device for small-diameter seeds. Background Technology

[0002] There are many types of small-particle-size oilseed and vegetable crops such as rapeseed, sesame, spinach, and bok choy, which are widely planted. Their seeds have an average diameter of less than 3 mm, vary greatly in shape, and are easily damaged, making mechanized precision sowing difficult. The extensive sowing methods such as manual broadcasting and mechanical row sowing account for a relatively high proportion of planting methods, with the mechanized sowing rate of rapeseed being only 39.30%. Precision seeding, by evenly and orderly sowing seeds into the soil, can improve the utilization efficiency of water, fertilizer, light, and heat, thus contributing to increased yield and income. Existing precision seed metering devices for small-diameter seeds mainly consist of pneumatic vertical discs, pneumatic rollers, and seed-hole wheels. Among these, the pneumatic vertical disc seed metering device is effective for sowing round, small-diameter seeds such as rapeseed. However, when used for seeding irregularly shaped small-diameter seeds such as sesame and spinach, the variety of seed suction postures leads to significant variations in the number of seeds suctioned per hole, resulting in poor stability of the number of seeds per hole. The pneumatic roller seed metering device has good seed metering performance and is widely used in factory-scale tray seedling cultivation, but its adaptability to complex conditions such as field vibration and uneven ground needs improvement. The seed-hole wheel seed metering device has advantages such as simple structure and economic practicality, but it has high requirements for seed shape and is prone to seed damage during the metering process. Therefore, a pneumatic combined roller type precision seed metering device for small-diameter seeds that is highly adaptable, has good sowing effect, and does not damage seeds is needed. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a pneumatic combined roller-type precision seed collector and distributor for small-diameter seeds that is highly adaptable, has good sowing effect, and does not damage the seeds. Through a flexible pneumatic seed distribution method that combines "aperture and negative pressure airflow for seed filling and carrying, positive pressure precision seed cleaning, unloading, and air delivery," the adaptability of the collector and distributor is greatly improved, and this method provides good sowing effect without damaging the seeds.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0005] A pneumatic combined roller type small-diameter seed precision collector includes a shell assembly, a seed box assembly, a drive assembly, a control assembly, a pneumatic roller assembly, a pneumatic seed delivery and guiding assembly, and a seed cleaning assembly. The shell assembly includes a left shell and a right shell arranged opposite each other. The seed box assembly is located at the rear end between the left shell and the right shell. The seed cleaning assembly is located at the front end of the seed box assembly. The pneumatic roller assembly is located below the seed cleaning assembly. The pneumatic seed delivery and guiding assembly is located in front of the pneumatic roller assembly.

[0006] The drive assembly is located on the left side of the left housing. The drive assembly is connected to the pneumatic roller assembly and provides rotational power to the pneumatic roller assembly. The air source assembly is located on the right side of the right housing. The air source assembly is connected to the seed cleaning assembly, the pneumatic roller assembly and the air-conveying seed guide assembly through gas pipes.

[0007] Both the air source component and the drive component are connected to the control component. After the seeds are added to the seed box component, the control component controls the air source component to create a negative pressure in the pneumatic roller component to adsorb the seeds. At the same time, the control component controls the drive component to rotate the pneumatic roller component, so that the seeds rotate with the pneumatic roller component to realize seed transportation. During the seed transportation process, the seed cleaning component removes excess seeds, allowing them to fall back into the seed box component. When the seeds are delivered to the seed drop port of the pneumatic seed conveying component, the air source component delivers positive pressure to the pneumatic roller component, causing the seeds to fall from the pneumatic roller component into the pneumatic seed conveying component. The seeds then fall into the seed bed through the pneumatic seed conveying component, completing the seed distribution.

[0008] The seed box assembly includes a seed box, a first inclined plate, a second inclined plate, and a seed unloading plate. The seed box is an open box with top and bottom openings. The first inclined plate is positioned horizontally, with its upper rear end connected to the bottom rear side of the box. The second inclined plate is positioned horizontally, with its upper rear end connected to the bottom front side of the box. The lower front end of the first inclined plate is connected to the front end of a closed horizontal plate, and the rear end of the closed horizontal plate is connected to the upper end of a closed vertical plate. The lower end of the closed vertical plate has a placement section along the left-right direction. The closed vertical plate has elongated holes along the left-right direction, located above the placement section. A left extension plate extends downward from the left side of the box, and the right side of the box... A right extension plate extends downwards, and the left and right extension plates have the same structure. The rear side of the left extension plate connects to the left side of the closed vertical plate, and the front side of the left extension plate has a first arc section. The rear side of the right extension plate connects to the right side of the closed vertical plate, and the front side of the right extension plate has a second arc section. A gap is left between the lower front end of the first inclined plate and the middle of the second inclined plate to form a first planting channel. The lower rear end of the second inclined plate extends towards the bottom of the closed vertical plate, and a gap is left between the lower rear end of the second inclined plate and the closed vertical plate to form a second planting channel. The bottoms of both the left and right extension plates are higher at the back and lower at the front.

[0009] The lower parts of the left and right extension plates are provided with elongated slides corresponding to the elongated holes. The rear end of the elongated slide on the left extension plate is connected to the left end of the elongated hole, and the rear end of the elongated slide on the right extension plate is connected to the right end of the elongated hole. A seed unloading plate is slidably installed within the elongated slide. The seed unloading plate includes a baffle part and a push-pull part, with the push-pull part corresponding to the placement part. The left side of the baffle part is placed within the elongated slide of the left extension plate, and the right side of the baffle part is placed within the elongated slide of the right extension plate. In the working state, the push-pull part is placed on the placement part, and the front end of the baffle part is placed at the very front of the elongated slide to prevent the seed from being unloaded. When the seed slides down, the baffle is pulled back by the push-pull part to make the seed fall. There is a corresponding seed unloading slide plate below the seed unloading plate. The seed unloading slide plate is higher in the front and lower in the back. There are left mounting plates and right mounting plates on the left and right sides of the seed unloading slide plate. The seed unloading slide plate is connected to the left shell through the left mounting plate and to the right shell through the right mounting plate. The lower rear end of the left mounting plate is connected to the upper left end of the left inclined plate. The left inclined plate is tilted to the right. The lower rear end of the right mounting plate is connected to the upper right end of the right inclined plate. The right inclined plate is tilted to the left. The rear ends of the left and right inclined plates and the rear end of the seed unloading slide plate form an inward-retracting seed unloading port.

[0010] The air chamber end cover includes an end cover body. The inner side of the end cover body is provided with a sealing ring mounting groove, a bearing mounting chamber, a negative pressure air chamber, and a positive pressure air chamber. A positive pressure connection hole is provided in the positive pressure air chamber, and a negative pressure connection hole is provided in the negative pressure air chamber.

[0011] The pneumatic roller assembly includes a rotating shaft, a rotating roller, a coupling, a bushing, and a mounting bearing. The rotating roller is fitted onto the rotating shaft. The left end of the rotating shaft is connected to a drive assembly via a coupling. The drive assembly drives the rotation of the rotating shaft, which in turn drives the rotating roller to rotate. The right end of the rotating shaft is fitted with a bushing and mounted in the bearing mounting chamber of the end cover body via a mounting bearing.

[0012] The inside of the rotating drum is provided with several partitions arranged on the left and right sides along the circumference. Adjacent partitions form a compartment that is connected on the left and right sides. The outer contour of the rotating drum is provided with several rows of seed suction rows corresponding to the compartments. Each row of seed suction rows includes several shaped holes, and the shaped holes of each row of seed suction rows correspond one-to-one.

[0013] The shaped hole includes a placement groove, a lower groove, and a vent hole. The lower groove is set in the placement groove, and the vent hole is set in the lower groove. Several through holes connecting the compartments are opened at the right end of the rotating roller. The left end of the rotating roller is closed, and the right end of the rotating roller is connected to the air source assembly through the air chamber end cover.

[0014] The air supply assembly includes a first blower, a positive pressure outlet air distributor, a negative pressure outlet air distributor, a negative pressure air pipe, a positive pressure air pipe, a seed cleaning air pipe, a second blower, and an air delivery pipe. The first blower is mounted on the upper rear part of the right housing via a first mounting plate. The front side of the first blower is connected to the positive pressure outlet air distributor. The front end of the positive pressure outlet air distributor is provided with an exhaust port, and a first throttle valve is provided on the exhaust port. A positive pressure port is provided on the right side of the positive pressure outlet air distributor, and the positive pressure port is connected to the positive pressure outlet air distributor via a second throttle valve. The compressed air pipe has a positive pressure connection hole connected to the first air pipe connector. A seed cleaning interface is provided on the lower side of the positive pressure outlet air distributor. The seed cleaning interface is connected to the right end of the seed cleaning air pipe through the third throttle valve. The left end of the seed cleaning air pipe is connected to the seed cleaning assembly. The lower end of the first blower is connected to the negative pressure outlet air distributor. A negative pressure interface is provided at the lower end of the negative pressure outlet air distributor. The negative pressure interface is connected to the rear end of the negative pressure air pipe through the second air pipe connector. The front end of the negative pressure air pipe is connected to the negative pressure connection hole through the third air pipe connector.

[0015] The second blower is mounted on the upper front part of the right housing via the second mounting plate. The left end of the second blower is connected to the right end of the air delivery pipe via an air delivery connector. The left end of the air delivery pipe is connected to the air delivery guide assembly.

[0016] The air-delivery seed guide assembly includes an air delivery bend connected to the left end of an air delivery duct at its right end. The air delivery bend connects to a first air delivery branch pipe and a second air delivery branch pipe. The connection between the air delivery bend and the first and second air delivery branch pipes forms a first airflow distribution chamber. A distribution air pipe is provided between the first and second air delivery branch pipes. Several seed guide pipes are connected downwards to the distribution air pipe. The left end of the distribution air pipe connects to the first air delivery branch pipe, and the right end of the distribution air pipe connects to the second air delivery branch pipe. A reinforcing connecting rod is provided between adjacent seed guide pipes. The interior of the distribution air pipe forms a first airflow distribution chamber. The two airflow distribution chambers have a third and fourth arc-shaped section at the rear end of the seed guide tube, which correspond to the rotating drum. A seed guide channel is formed between the third and fourth arc-shaped sections and connects to the interior of the seed guide tube. The outer contour of the rotating drum is completely matched with the first, second, third, and fourth arc-shaped sections. The spacing between adjacent holes in each row of seed suction rows corresponds to the spacing between seed guide tubes, and the holes are placed in the seed guide channel. The seed guide tube includes an air inlet section, a converging section, a transition section, a expanding section, and an air outlet section.

[0017] The seed cleaning assembly includes a seed cleaning distribution pipe, a seed cleaning nozzle, a seed box connecting seat, an air inlet, and a reinforcing block. The air inlet is located at the front end of the seed cleaning distribution pipe, which is connected to the left end of the seed cleaning air pipe through the air inlet. Several seed cleaning nozzles are connected to the lower end of the seed cleaning distribution pipe, forming a third air distribution chamber inside the seed cleaning distribution pipe. The reinforcing block is located between adjacent seed cleaning nozzles, and the seed box connecting seat is located on the rightmost and leftmost reinforcing blocks. The seed cleaning nozzle includes a hollow cylindrical section, an inclined section, and an air outlet.

[0018] The control components include a microcontroller, a speed measurement module, and a Bluetooth transmission module. The drive components include a mounting housing and a drive motor. The mounting housing is installed on the left side of the left housing. The rotating shaft is connected to the drive motor via a coupling. The drive motor, the first blower, and the second blower are all connected to the microcontroller.

[0019] The angle between the first inclined plate and the horizontal direction and the angle between the second inclined plate and the horizontal direction are both ≥30°, and the angle between the seed unloading plate and the horizontal direction is ≥30°.

[0020] The minimum gap between the lower end of the first inclined plate and the second inclined plate is between two and three times the seed length.

[0021] The pneumatic roller assembly of the present invention has a rotating roller sleeved on a rotating shaft. The left end of the rotating shaft is connected to a drive assembly via a coupling. The drive assembly drives the rotating shaft to rotate, thereby driving the rotating roller to rotate. The right end of the rotating shaft is fitted with a bushing and installed in the bearing mounting chamber of the end cover body via a mounting bearing. The interior of the rotating roller has several left and right partitions arranged along the circumference, forming a left-right connected compartment between adjacent partitions. The outer contour of the rotating roller has several rows of seed suction rows corresponding to the compartments. Each row of seed suction rows includes several shaped holes. The seeds are adsorbed onto the shaped holes by the air source assembly in conjunction with the pneumatic roller assembly. The rotation of the rotating roller transports the seeds, which can effectively prevent damage to the seeds.

[0022] The front side of the first blower of the air source assembly of the present invention is connected to a positive pressure outlet air distributor. The front end of the positive pressure outlet air distributor is provided with an exhaust port, and a first throttle valve is provided on the exhaust port. A positive pressure port is provided on the right side of the positive pressure outlet air distributor. The positive pressure port is connected to a positive pressure air pipe through a second throttle valve. The positive pressure air pipe is connected to a positive pressure connection hole through a first air pipe connector. A seed cleaning port is provided on the lower side of the positive pressure outlet air distributor. The seed cleaning port is connected to the right end of the seed cleaning air pipe through a third throttle valve. The left end of the seed cleaning air pipe is connected to a seed cleaning assembly. The lower end of the first blower is connected to a negative pressure outlet air distributor. The lower end of the negative pressure outlet air distributor is provided with a negative pressure port. The negative pressure port is connected to the rear end of the negative pressure air pipe through a second air pipe connector. The front end of the negative pressure air pipe is connected to a negative pressure connection hole through a third air pipe connector. The second blower is mounted on the upper front part of the right housing through a second mounting plate. The left end of the second blower is connected to the right end of the air delivery pipe through an air delivery connector. The left end of the air delivery pipe is connected to the air delivery seed guide assembly. Seeds are adsorbed and released through the positive and negative pressure outlets of the air source component, thereby achieving seed transport. This flexible air delivery method can greatly avoid seed damage during transportation and improve sowing results.

[0023] In summary, this invention is easy to operate and utilizes the combination of the air source component and the pneumatic roller component to achieve flexible pneumatic seed dispensing, which can greatly avoid the seeds being squeezed during transportation, improve the sowing effect, and effectively solve the technical problems of poor adaptability of existing seed dispensers and the seed dispensing process that easily damages the seeds, resulting in poor sowing effect. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention without the front arc plate.

[0026] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the seed box assembly of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 is an internal structural diagram of the seed box assembly of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rotating drum of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 6 is an enlarged view of part A in Figure 5.

[0030] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the rotating drum of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the air-conveying seed delivery component of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the air-conveying seed delivery component of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the air chamber end cap of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the seed cleaning component of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the seed cleaning nozzle of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The embodiments of the present invention are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0037] As shown in Figure 1-12, the pneumatic combined roller type small-diameter seed precision collection and sorting device includes a shell assembly 1, a seed box assembly 2, a drive assembly 3, a control assembly, a pneumatic roller assembly 4, a pneumatic seed delivery and guiding assembly 5, and a seed cleaning assembly 6. The shell assembly 1 includes a left shell 7 and a right shell 8 arranged opposite each other. The seed box assembly 2 is located at the rear end between the left shell 7 and the right shell 8. The seed cleaning assembly 6 is located at the front end of the seed box assembly 2. The pneumatic roller assembly 4 is located below the seed cleaning assembly 6. The pneumatic seed delivery and guiding assembly 5 is located in front of the pneumatic roller assembly 4. The front end of the left shell 7 and the right shell 8 are provided with a front arc plate 9. The rear end of the front arc plate 9 is connected to the front end of the seed box 10, and the front end of the front arc plate 9 is connected to the front end of the left shell 7 and the right shell 8.

[0038] The drive assembly 3 is located on the left side of the left housing 7. The drive assembly 3 is connected to the pneumatic roller assembly 4 and provides rotational power to the pneumatic roller assembly 4. The right side of the right housing 8 is provided with an air source assembly 66. The air source assembly 66 is connected to the seed cleaning assembly 6, the pneumatic roller assembly 4 and the air delivery seed guide assembly 5 through gas pipes.

[0039] Both the air source component 66 and the drive component 3 are connected to the control component. After the seeds are added to the seed box component 2, the control component controls the air source component 66 to create a negative pressure in the pneumatic roller component 4 to adsorb the seeds. At the same time, the control component controls the drive component 3 to drive the pneumatic roller component 4 to rotate, so that the seeds rotate with the pneumatic roller component 4 to realize seed transportation. During the seed transportation process, the seed cleaning component 6 removes excess seeds, so that the excess seeds fall back into the seed box component 2. When the seeds are sent to the seed drop port of the pneumatic seed delivery component 5, the air source component 66 delivers positive pressure to the pneumatic roller component 4, so that the seeds fall from the pneumatic roller component 4 into the pneumatic seed delivery component 5. The seeds fall into the seed bed through the pneumatic seed delivery component 5, completing the seed distribution.

[0040] The seed box assembly 2 includes a seed box 10, a first inclined plate 11, a second inclined plate 12, and a seed unloading plate 13. The seed box 10 is an open box with top and bottom openings. The first inclined plate 11 is positioned horizontally, with its upper rear end connected to the bottom rear side of the box. The second inclined plate 12 is positioned horizontally, with its upper rear end connected to the bottom front side of the box. The lower front end of the first inclined plate 11 is connected to the front end of a closed horizontal plate 14. The rear end of the closed horizontal plate 14 is connected to the upper end of a closed vertical plate 15. The lower end of the closed vertical plate 15 has a placement part along the left and right directions. The closed vertical plate 15 has an elongated hole along the left and right directions, located above the placement part. A left extension plate 16 extends downward from the left side of the box, and a right extension plate 17 extends downward from the right side of the box. The extension plate 16 and the right extension plate 17 have the same structure. The rear side of the left extension plate 16 is connected to the left side of the closed vertical plate 15. The front side of the left extension plate 16 is provided with a first arc portion 18. The rear side of the right extension plate 17 is connected to the right side of the closed vertical plate 15. The front side of the right extension plate 17 is provided with a second arc portion 19. A gap is left between the lower front end of the first inclined plate 11 and the second inclined plate 12 to form a first seeding channel. The lower rear end of the second inclined plate 12 extends to the bottom of the closed vertical plate 15, and a gap is left between the lower rear end of the second inclined plate 12 and the closed vertical plate 15 to form a second seeding channel. The bottoms of the left extension plate 16 and the right extension plate 17 are both higher at the back and lower at the front. The top of the seed box 10 is connected to the seed box cover 20 by a hinge.

[0041] The lower parts of the left extension plate 16 and the right extension plate 17 are provided with elongated slides corresponding to the elongated holes. The rear end of the elongated slide on the left extension plate 16 is connected to the left end of the elongated hole, and the rear end of the elongated slide on the right extension plate 17 is connected to the right end of the elongated hole. A seed unloading plate 13 is slidably disposed in the elongated slide. The seed unloading plate 13 includes a baffle part and a push-pull part, which corresponds to the placement part. The left side of the baffle part is placed in the elongated slide of the left extension plate 16, and the right side of the baffle part is placed in the elongated slide of the right extension plate 17. In the working state, the push-pull part is placed on the placement part, and the front end of the baffle part is placed at the front of the elongated slide. The end is used to prevent the seeds from slipping. When unloading seeds, the baffle is pulled back by the push-pull part to make the seeds fall. A corresponding seed unloading slide is provided below the seed unloading plate 13. The seed unloading slide is higher in the front and lower in the back. A left mounting plate and a right mounting plate are provided on the left and right sides of the seed unloading slide. The seed unloading slide is connected to the left shell 7 through the left mounting plate and to the right shell 8 through the right mounting plate. The lower rear end of the left mounting plate is connected to the upper left end of the left inclined plate. The left inclined plate is tilted to the right. The lower rear end of the right mounting plate is connected to the upper right end of the right inclined plate. The right inclined plate is tilted to the left. The rear ends of the left and right inclined plates and the rear end of the seed unloading slide form an inward-retracting seed unloading port.

[0042] The pneumatic roller assembly 4 includes a rotating shaft 21, a rotating roller 22, a coupling 23, a bushing 24, and a mounting bearing 25. The rotating roller 22 is sleeved on the rotating shaft 21. The left end of the rotating shaft 21 is connected to the drive assembly 3 through the coupling 23. The drive assembly 3 drives the rotation of the rotating shaft 21, thereby driving the rotating roller 22 to rotate. The right end of the rotating shaft 21 is sleeved on the bushing 24 and installed in the bearing mounting chamber 32 of the end cover body 30 through the mounting bearing 25.

[0043] The interior of the rotating drum 22 is provided with several partitions arranged on the left and right along the circumference, and the adjacent partitions form a compartment that is connected on the left and right. The outer contour of the rotating drum 22 is provided with several rows of seed suction rows corresponding to the compartments. Each row of seed suction rows includes several holes 26, and the holes 26 of each row of seed suction rows correspond one-to-one.

[0044] The shaped hole 26 includes a placement groove 27, a lower groove 28, and a vent hole 29. The lower groove 28 is disposed in the placement groove 27, and the vent hole 29 is disposed in the lower groove 28. The right end of the rotating roller 22 has several through holes connecting the compartments. The left end of the rotating roller 22 is closed, and the right end of the rotating roller 22 is connected to the air source assembly 66 through the air chamber end cap.

[0045] The air chamber end cover includes an end cover body 30. The inner side of the end cover body 30 is provided with a sealing ring mounting groove 31, a bearing mounting chamber 32, a negative pressure air chamber 33, and a positive pressure air chamber 34. A positive pressure connection hole 35 is provided in the positive pressure air chamber 34, and a negative pressure connection hole 36 is provided in the negative pressure air chamber 33. A sealing ring is installed in the sealing ring mounting groove 31 for sealing.

[0046] The air source assembly 66 includes a first blower 37, a positive pressure outlet air distributor 38, a negative pressure outlet air distributor 39, a negative pressure air pipe 40, a positive pressure air pipe 41, a seed cleaning air pipe 42, a second blower 43, and an air delivery pipe 44. The first blower 37 is mounted on the upper rear part of the right housing 8 via a first mounting plate. The front side of the first blower 37 is connected to the positive pressure outlet air distributor 38. The front end of the positive pressure outlet air distributor 38 is provided with an exhaust port, and a first throttle valve is provided on the exhaust port. A positive pressure port is provided on the right side of the positive pressure outlet air distributor 38, and the positive pressure port is connected to a second throttle valve. A positive pressure air pipe 41 is connected to a positive pressure connection hole 35 via a first air pipe connector. A seed cleaning interface is provided on the lower side of the positive pressure outlet air distribution row 38. The seed cleaning interface is connected to the right end of the seed cleaning air pipe 42 via a third throttle valve. The left end of the seed cleaning air pipe 42 is connected to the seed cleaning assembly 6. The lower end of the first blower 37 is connected to the negative pressure outlet air distribution row 39. A negative pressure interface is provided at the lower end of the negative pressure outlet air distribution row 39. The negative pressure interface is connected to the rear end of the negative pressure air pipe 40 via a second air pipe connector. The front end of the negative pressure air pipe 40 is connected to the negative pressure connection hole 36 via a third air pipe connector.

[0047] The second blower 43 is mounted on the upper front part of the right housing 8 via the second mounting plate. The left end of the second blower 43 is connected to the right end of the air delivery pipe 44 via an air delivery connector. The left end of the air delivery pipe 44 is connected to the air delivery guide assembly 5.

[0048] The air delivery seed guide assembly 5 includes an air delivery bend 45 connected at its right end to the left end of an air delivery duct 44. The air delivery bend 45 connects to a first air delivery branch pipe 46 and a second air delivery branch pipe 47. The connection between the air delivery bend 45 and the first air delivery branch pipe 46 and the second air delivery branch pipe 47 forms a first airflow distribution chamber 48. A distribution air pipe 49 is provided between the first air delivery branch pipe 46 and the second air delivery branch pipe 47. Several seed guide pipes 50 are connected downward to the distribution air pipe 49. The left end of the distribution air pipe 49 is connected to the first air delivery branch pipe 46, and the right end of the distribution air pipe 49 is connected to the second air delivery branch pipe 47. A reinforcing connecting rod is provided between adjacent seed guide pipes 50. The internal structure of the distribution air pipe 49 is... The second airflow distribution chamber 57 is formed. The rear end of the seed guide tube 50 is provided with a third arc portion and a fourth arc portion corresponding to the rotating drum 22. A seed guide channel 51 is formed between the third arc portion and the fourth arc portion. The seed guide channel 51 is connected to the interior of the seed guide tube 50. The outer contour of the rotating drum 22 is completely matched with the first arc portion 18, the second arc portion 19, the third arc portion and the fourth arc portion. The spacing between adjacent holes 26 in each row of seed suction rows corresponds to the spacing between seed guide tubes 50, and the holes 26 are placed in the seed guide channel 51. The seed guide tube 50 includes an air inlet section 52, a tapering section 53, a transition section 54, a expanding section 55 and an air outlet section 56.

[0049] The seed cleaning assembly 6 includes a seed cleaning distribution pipe 58, a seed cleaning nozzle 59, a seed box connecting seat 60, an airflow inlet 61, and a reinforcing block 62. The airflow inlet 61 is located at the front end of the seed cleaning distribution pipe 58, which is connected to the left end of the seed cleaning air pipe 42 through the airflow inlet 61. The lower end of the seed cleaning distribution pipe 58 is connected to several seed cleaning nozzles 59, forming a third airflow distribution chamber within the seed cleaning distribution pipe 58. The reinforcing block 62 is located between adjacent seed cleaning nozzles 59. The seed box connecting seat 60 is located on the rightmost and leftmost reinforcing blocks 62. The seed cleaning nozzle 59 includes a hollow cylindrical section 63, an inclined section 64, and an airflow outlet 65. A mounting seat corresponding to the seed box connecting seat 60 is provided on the front side of the seed box 10. The seed cleaning assembly 6 is connected to the seed box assembly 2 through the seed box connecting seat 60 and the mounting seat.

[0050] The control components include a microcontroller, a speed measurement module, and a Bluetooth transmission module. The drive components 3 include a mounting box and a drive motor. The mounting box is installed on the left side of the left housing 7. The rotating shaft 21 is connected to the drive motor through a coupling 23. The drive motor, the first blower 37, and the second blower 43 are all connected to the microcontroller.

[0051] The angle between the first inclined plate 11 and the horizontal direction and the angle between the second inclined plate 12 and the horizontal direction are both ≥30°, and the angle between the seed unloading plate 13 and the horizontal direction is ≥30°.

[0052] The minimum gap between the lower end of the first inclined plate 11 and the second inclined plate 12 is between two and three times the seed length.

[0053] Before the seeding operation, seeds are added to the top of the seed box 10. Guided by the first inclined plate 11 and the second inclined plate 12, the seeds fall into the seed chamber at the bottom of the seed box 10, which is composed of the seed unloading plate 13 and the seed box 10, forming a seed layer of a certain height. The main design parameters affecting the distribution pattern of seeds in the seed box 10 are: the angle α between the first inclined plate 11 and the second inclined plate 12 and the horizontal direction; the angle β between the seed unloading plate 13 and the horizontal direction; the minimum distance h between the lower end of the first inclined plate 11 and the second inclined plate 12; and the vertical height H between the bottom of the second inclined plate 12 and the rotation center line of the rotating drum 22. α and β should be slightly larger than the static friction angle between the seeds and the material of the seed box 10 to avoid seeds getting stuck on the first inclined plate 11, the second inclined plate 12, or the seed unloading plate 13, causing blockage. Furthermore, when α and β are too large, the seeds become too mobile. With increased seed quantity in the seed box 10 and under field vibration conditions, the seed layer height increases, making the seeds easily dragged by the rotating drum 22, resulting in an increased reseeding rate. Based on the static friction angle between sesame, rapeseed, etc., and ABS material, the initial values ​​of α and β are taken as 30°. The minimum distance h between the lower end of the first inclined plate 11 and the second inclined plate 12 is an important parameter affecting the seed flow rate and preventing seeds from being suspended in the seed box 10. The value range of h is 2l ≤ h ≤ 3l, where l is the average seed length. The vertical height H between the bottom of the second inclined plate 12 and the rotation center line of the rotating drum 22 is 0 ≤ H ≤ Rtanφ, where φ is the static friction angle between the seeds and the pneumatic drum wheel. By setting the first inclined plate 11 and the second inclined plate 12, and reasonably setting the values ​​of α, β, h, and H, the seed layer height can be basically stabilized under various working conditions, thereby improving the stability of seed supply.

[0054] The precision seed supply process of this invention involves the combined regulation of the rotation speed control of the rotating drum 22 and the seed dispensing airflow. When the speed measurement module of the control component detects the forward speed signal of the seeder, it transmits the control signal to the microcontroller via the Bluetooth communication module. The microcontroller controls the rotation speed value set according to the control program, and controls the operation of the seed dispensing drive motor, the first blower 37, and the second blower 43. Specifically, the seeds are placed in the seed box 10. As the seeds fall in, they accumulate on the seed unloading plate 13. The drive motor drives the rotating shaft 21 to rotate, which in turn drives the rotating drum 22 to rotate. The perforations 26 on the rotating drum 22 and the protrusions between each row of seed suction rows help to agitate the seeds, reduce the friction between the seeds in the seed box 10, and give the seeds near the rotating drum 22 an initial velocity in the same direction as the linear velocity of the rotating drum 22, which is conducive to promoting the smooth entry of the seeds into the perforations 26. When the microcontroller controls the first blower 37 to open the air chamber end cover... After the negative pressure air chamber 33 is cleared and circulated, the airflow on the surface of the orifice 26 is drawn by the first blower 37, causing the seeds to be adsorbed into the orifice 26 under the action of the negative pressure airflow. As the rotating drum 22 rotates, when the seeds rotate with the rotating drum 22 to the airflow outlet 65 of the seed cleaning component 6, the positive pressure airflow is introduced into the seed cleaning component 6, which removes the excess seeds that are not adsorbed by the orifice 26 or whose adsorption effect is weak. The rotating drum 22 continues to rotate, and when the seeds are sent to the seed guiding channel 51 of the air conveying seed guiding component 5, the positive pressure airflow enters the positive pressure air chamber 34, which forms a positive pressure airflow on the surface of the orifice 26 of the rotating drum 22, blowing the seeds into the seed guiding tube 50, thus achieving smooth seed guiding. This can avoid the phenomenon that non-spherical seeds such as sesame and spinach are stuck in the seed guiding tube 50 due to poor flowability, thereby improving the sowing effect. The seeds fall into the seed bed through the seed guiding tube 50 and the corresponding seed opening furrow device, completing the seed discharging process.

[0055] In this invention, the rotating roller 22 of the pneumatic roller assembly 4 is sleeved on the rotating shaft 21. The left end of the rotating shaft 21 is connected to the drive assembly 3 through the coupling 23. The drive assembly 3 drives the rotation of the rotating shaft 21, thereby driving the rotating roller 22 to rotate. The right end of the rotating shaft 21 is sleeved with a bushing 24 and installed in the bearing mounting chamber 32 of the end cover body 30 through the mounting bearing 25. The interior of the rotating roller 22 is provided with several partitions arranged on the left and right sides along the circumference. Adjacent partitions form left and right connected compartments. The outer contour of the rotating roller 22 is provided with several rows of seed suction rows corresponding to the compartments. Each row of seed suction rows includes several holes 26. The air source assembly 66 cooperates with the pneumatic roller assembly 4 to adsorb the seeds onto the holes 26. The rotation of the rotating roller 22 transports the seeds, which can effectively prevent damage to the seeds. The front side of the first blower 37 of the air source assembly 66 of the present invention is connected to the positive pressure outlet air distribution row 38. The front end of the positive pressure outlet air distribution row 38 is provided with an exhaust port and a first throttle valve. The right side of the positive pressure outlet air distribution row 38 is provided with a positive pressure port. The positive pressure port is connected to the positive pressure air pipe 41 through a second throttle valve. The positive pressure air pipe 41 is connected to the positive pressure connection hole 35 through a first air pipe connector. The lower side of the positive pressure outlet air distribution row 38 is provided with a seed cleaning port. The seed cleaning port is connected to the right end of the seed cleaning air pipe 42 through a third throttle valve. The left end of the seed cleaning air pipe 42 is connected to the seed cleaning assembly 6. The lower end of the first blower 37 is connected to the negative pressure outlet air distribution row 39. The lower end of the negative pressure outlet air distribution row 39 is provided with a negative pressure port. The negative pressure port is connected to the rear end of the negative pressure air pipe 40 through a second air pipe connector. The front end of the negative pressure air pipe 40 is connected to the negative pressure connection hole 36 through a third air pipe connector. The second blower 43 is mounted on the upper front part of the right housing 8 via the second mounting plate. The left end of the second blower 43 is connected to the right end of the air delivery pipe 44 via an air delivery connector, and the left end of the air delivery pipe 44 is connected to the air delivery seed guide assembly 5. Seeds are adsorbed and released through the positive pressure outlet air distribution 38 and the negative pressure outlet air distribution 39 of the air source assembly 66, thereby realizing seed transportation. This flexible air delivery method can greatly avoid the seeds being squeezed and damaged during transportation, improving the sowing effect. The present invention is easy to operate. It uses the cooperation of the air source assembly 66 and the pneumatic roller assembly 4 to achieve flexible pneumatic seed distribution, which can greatly avoid the seeds being squeezed during transportation, improve the sowing effect, and effectively solve the technical problems of poor adaptability of existing seed collectors and seed distribution processes that easily damage seeds, resulting in poor sowing effect.

[0056] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate and not limit the technical solutions of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Any modifications or partial substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pneumatic combined drum type precision seed collector for small-diameter seeds, characterized in that: The system includes a housing assembly, a seed box assembly, a drive assembly, a control assembly, a pneumatic roller assembly, a pneumatic seed delivery assembly, and a seed cleaning assembly. The housing assembly comprises a left housing and a right housing arranged opposite each other. The seed box assembly is located at the rear end between the left and right housings. The seed cleaning assembly is located at the front end of the seed box assembly. The pneumatic roller assembly is located below the seed cleaning assembly, and the pneumatic seed delivery assembly is located in front of the pneumatic roller assembly. The drive assembly is located on the left side of the left housing and is connected to the pneumatic roller assembly, providing rotational power. An air source assembly is located on the right side of the right housing, and the air source assembly is connected to various gas pipelines. The system comprises a seed cleaning component, a pneumatic roller component, and a pneumatic seed conveying component. The air source component and drive component are all connected to the control component. After seeds are added to the seed box assembly, the control component controls the air source component to create negative pressure in the pneumatic roller assembly to adsorb the seeds. Simultaneously, the control component controls the drive component to rotate the pneumatic roller assembly, causing the seeds to rotate and thus be conveyed. During seed conveying, the seed cleaning component removes excess seeds, allowing them to fall back into the seed box assembly. When seeds are delivered to the seed inlet of the pneumatic seed conveying component, the air source component delivers positive pressure to the pneumatic roller assembly, causing the seeds to be drawn from the pneumatic roller assembly. The seeds fall into the pneumatic seed conveying assembly and are then placed into the seed bed, completing the seed distribution. The seed box assembly includes a seed box, a first inclined plate, a second inclined plate, and a seed unloading plate. The seed box is an open box with its top and bottom openings. The first inclined plate is positioned horizontally, with its upper end connected to the bottom rear side of the box. The second inclined plate is positioned horizontally, with its upper end connected to the bottom front side of the box. The lower front end of the first inclined plate is connected to the front end of a closed horizontal plate, and the rear end of the closed horizontal plate is connected to the upper end of a closed vertical plate. The lower end of the closed vertical plate has a placement section along the left and right directions. The closed vertical plate has elongated holes along the left and right directions, located above the placement section. The left side of the box faces downwards. The box is equipped with a left extension plate and a right extension plate extending downward from the right side. The left and right extension plates have the same structure. The rear side of the left extension plate is connected to the left side of the closed vertical plate. The front side of the left extension plate is provided with a first arc section. The rear side of the right extension plate is connected to the right side of the closed vertical plate. The front side of the right extension plate is provided with a second arc section. A gap is left between the lower front end of the first inclined plate and the second inclined plate to form a first planting channel. The lower rear end of the second inclined plate extends to the bottom of the closed vertical plate, and a gap is left between the lower rear end of the second inclined plate and the closed vertical plate to form a second planting channel. The bottoms of the left and right extension plates are both higher at the back and lower at the front.The lower parts of the left and right extension plates are provided with elongated slides corresponding to the elongated holes. The rear end of the elongated slide on the left extension plate is connected to the left end of the elongated hole, and the rear end of the elongated slide on the right extension plate is connected to the right end of the elongated hole. A seed unloading plate is slidably installed within the elongated slide. The seed unloading plate includes a baffle part and a push-pull part, which corresponds to the placement part. The left side of the baffle part is placed within the elongated slide of the left extension plate, and the right side of the baffle part is placed within the elongated slide of the right extension plate. In the working state, the push-pull part is placed on the placement part, and the front end of the baffle part is placed at the very front of the elongated slide to prevent the seeds from slipping. During seed unloading, the seeds are unloaded by pushing and pulling. The seed discharge plate is designed to drop seeds by pulling the baffle plate backward. A corresponding seed discharge slide is located below the seed discharge plate, with the front of the slide higher than the back. Left and right mounting plates are located on the left and right sides of the seed discharge slide. The seed discharge slide is connected to the left housing via the left mounting plate, and to the right housing via the right mounting plate. The lower rear end of the left mounting plate connects to the upper left end of the left inclined plate, which tilts to the right. The lower rear end of the right mounting plate connects to the upper right end of the right inclined plate, which tilts to the left. The rear ends of the left and right inclined plates, together with the rear end of the seed discharge slide, form a recessed seed discharge port. The air chamber end cover includes an end cover body, with a sealing ring installed on the inner side of the end cover body. The pneumatic roller assembly includes a groove, a bearing mounting chamber, a negative pressure chamber, and a positive pressure chamber. The positive pressure chamber has a positive pressure connection hole, and the negative pressure chamber has a negative pressure connection hole. The pneumatic roller assembly includes a rotating shaft, a rotating roller, a coupling, a bushing, and mounting bearings. The rotating roller is mounted on the rotating shaft. The left end of the rotating shaft is connected to a drive assembly via a coupling. The drive assembly drives the rotating shaft to rotate, thereby rotating the rotating roller. The right end of the rotating shaft is fitted with a bushing and mounted on a bearing in the bearing mounting chamber of the end cover. The interior of the rotating roller has several left and right partitions arranged along its circumference, forming left and right connections between adjacent partitions. The rotating drum has several rows of seed suction rows corresponding to the compartments on its outer contour. Each row of seed suction rows includes several shaped holes, and the shaped holes of each row of seed suction rows correspond one-to-one. The shaped holes include a placement groove, a lower groove, and a vent hole. The lower groove is set in the placement groove, and the vent hole is set in the lower groove. The right end of the rotating drum has several through holes connecting the compartments, and the left end of the rotating drum is closed. The right end of the rotating drum is connected to the air source assembly through the air chamber end cover. The air source assembly includes a first blower, a positive pressure outlet air distributor, a negative pressure outlet air distributor, a negative pressure air pipe, a positive pressure air pipe, a seed cleaning air pipe, a second blower, and an air delivery pipe.The first blower is mounted on the upper rear of the right housing via a first mounting plate. The front of the first blower is connected to a positive pressure outlet manifold. An exhaust port with a first throttle valve is located at the front end of the positive pressure outlet manifold. A positive pressure port is located on the right side of the positive pressure outlet manifold, connected to a positive pressure air pipe via a second throttle valve. The positive pressure air pipe is connected to a positive pressure connection hole via a first air pipe connector. A seed cleaning port is located on the lower side of the positive pressure outlet manifold, connected to the right end of a seed cleaning air pipe via a third throttle valve. The left end of the seed cleaning air pipe is connected to a seed cleaning assembly. The lower end of the first blower is connected to a negative pressure outlet manifold. The lower end is equipped with a negative pressure interface, which is connected to the rear end of the negative pressure air pipe via a second air pipe connector. The front end of the negative pressure air pipe is connected to the negative pressure connection hole via a third air pipe connector. The second blower is mounted on the upper front part of the right housing via a second mounting plate. The left end of the second blower is connected to the right end of the air delivery pipe via an air delivery connector. The left end of the air delivery pipe is connected to the air delivery seed guide assembly. The angles between the first inclined plate and the horizontal direction, and between the second inclined plate and the horizontal direction, are both ≥30°. The angle between the seed unloading plate and the horizontal direction is ≥30°. The minimum gap between the lower end of the first inclined plate and the second inclined plate is between two and three times the seed length.

2. The pneumatic combined drum type small-diameter seed precision collection and sorting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air-delivery seed guide assembly includes an air delivery bend connected to the left end of an air delivery duct at its right end. The air delivery bend connects to a first air delivery branch pipe and a second air delivery branch pipe. The connection between the air delivery bend and the first and second air delivery branch pipes forms a first airflow distribution chamber. A distribution air pipe is provided between the first and second air delivery branch pipes. Several seed guide pipes are connected downwards to the distribution air pipe. The left end of the distribution air pipe connects to the first air delivery branch pipe, and the right end of the distribution air pipe connects to the second air delivery branch pipe. A reinforcing connecting rod is provided between adjacent seed guide pipes. The interior of the distribution air pipe forms a first airflow distribution chamber. The two airflow distribution chambers have a third and fourth arc-shaped section at the rear end of the seed guide tube, which correspond to the rotating drum. A seed guide channel is formed between the third and fourth arc-shaped sections and connects to the interior of the seed guide tube. The outer contour of the rotating drum is completely matched with the first, second, third, and fourth arc-shaped sections. The spacing between adjacent holes in each row of seed suction rows corresponds to the spacing between seed guide tubes, and the holes are placed in the seed guide channel. The seed guide tube includes an air inlet section, a converging section, a transition section, a expanding section, and an air outlet section.

3. The pneumatic combined drum type small-diameter seed precision collection and sorting device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The seed cleaning assembly includes a seed cleaning distribution pipe, a seed cleaning nozzle, a seed box connecting seat, an air inlet, and a reinforcing block. The air inlet is located at the front end of the seed cleaning distribution pipe, which is connected to the left end of the seed cleaning air pipe through the air inlet. Several seed cleaning nozzles are connected to the lower end of the seed cleaning distribution pipe, forming a third air distribution chamber inside the seed cleaning distribution pipe. The reinforcing block is located between adjacent seed cleaning nozzles, and the seed box connecting seat is located on the rightmost and leftmost reinforcing blocks. The seed cleaning nozzle includes a hollow cylindrical section, an inclined section, and an air outlet.

4. The pneumatic combined drum type small-diameter seed precision collection and sorting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control components include a microcontroller, a speed measurement module, and a Bluetooth transmission module. The drive components include a mounting housing and a drive motor. The mounting housing is installed on the left side of the left housing. The rotating shaft is connected to the drive motor via a coupling. The drive motor, the first blower, and the second blower are all connected to the microcontroller.

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