A kind of Monochamus alternatus attractant, lure core and application thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of biological control of spruce beetles, and in particular to a spruce beetle attractant, an attractant core, and an application thereof. The attractant comprises 2-undecanyloxy-1-ethanol, β-pinene, and 3-carene; the mass ratio of the 2-undecanyloxy-1-ethanol, β-pinene, and 3-carene is 0.35-0.8:3-6:1-6. The attractant provided by the present invention can attract spruce beetles, has the advantages of stable attracting effect, long lasting effect, and environmental friendliness, is suitable for population monitoring and control of spruce beetles, and is not affected by terrain or topography.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of biological control of Monochamus alternatus, and in particular to a Monochamus alternatus attractant, an attractant core and applications thereof. Background Art

[0002] The spruce longhorn beetle (Monochamus sutor) is a pest of the genus Monochamus, family Cerambycidae, order Coleoptera. In China, it is mainly distributed in Beijing, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Shandong, Qinghai and other areas, and mainly harms spruce, fir, Dahurian larch, European red pine and Korean pine. It has one generation per year, with the old larvae overwintering, pupating in May of the following year, and the adults laying eggs in mid-June, with the peak of its occurrence in mid-to-late June. Among the insects of the genus Monochamus reported so far, Monochamus alternatus, Monochamus saltuarius and Monochamus sutor can all carry pine wood nematodes, causing pine trees to be infected with pine wood nematode disease, which is very harmful to my country's pine forest ecosystem. From the perspective of production needs, it is urgent to develop efficient prevention and control technologies for the spruce longhorn beetle.

[0003] Using pheromone attractants to attract Monochamus alternatus insects has long been a key technology for monitoring these pests in production. To date, pheromones have been identified for several Monochamus alternatus species, including those of the pine beetle, the spruce beetle, and the Galloprovincialis beetle (Schroeder et al., 2019). These species all use 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol, produced by male adults, as a mating pheromone. However, attractants prepared with 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol have been ineffective in the field. For example, Pajares et al. (2010) found that 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol alone attracted only a single-digit number of adults of the Galloprovincialis beetle. However, when combined with α-pinene, a volatile volatile of the host plant, or with pheromones of the tooth bark beetle, the attractant effect was multiplied. A multicomponent mixture of 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol, α-pinene, 3-carene, 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, stylodienol, and styloenol has been reported to attract Monochamus spruceus, but the capture rate for a single trap was less than 15 individuals within 15 days (Pajares et al., 2013). This composition is complex, with six ingredients, which increases the production process of the attractant core. Furthermore, the production cost is high, especially the stylodienol and styloenol, which are expensive. Using large amounts of these ingredients increases the cost of the attractant.

[0004] In summary, the attractant cores for Monochamus alternatus insects are primarily composed of three types of substances, including the sex pheromone 2-undedecyloxy-1-ethanol produced by male adults of the genus Monochamus alternatus, monoterpene volatiles from host plants, and volatiles from other sources, with 2-undedecyloxy-1-ethanol being the core component. However, at present, there are no mature attractants for Monochamus alternatus. Grassroots forestry farms in my country generally use attractants from Monochamus alternatus and Monochamus alternatus to monitor populations of Monochamus alternatus, and their attractant effectiveness still needs to be improved. Therefore, for Monochamus alternatus, developing an attractant with a simple core component, clear ingredients, and low usage levels is of great significance for the prevention and control of this insect at the grassroots level in my country. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a spruce beetle attractant, an attractant core and its application, which are used to attract spruce beetles in the forest, realize population monitoring of spruce beetles, and reduce the damage caused by spruce beetles in the forest.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a spruce beetle attractant, comprising 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol, β-pinene and 3-carene;

[0008] The mass ratio of the 2-undecanyloxy-1-ethanol, β-pinene and 3-carene is 0.35-0.8:3-6:1-6.

[0009] Preferably, the mass ratio of 2-undecanyloxy-1-ethanol, β-pinene and 3-carene is 0.5:3:1.

[0010] Preferably, the mass ratio of 2-undecanyloxy-1-ethanol, β-pinene and 3-carene is 0.5-0.65:4-5:3-5.

[0011] The present invention also provides the use of the Monochamus alternatus attractant described in the above technical solution in attracting Monochamus alternatus.

[0012] The present invention also provides an attractant core for attracting Monochamus alternatus, comprising a polyethylene bag and a polyethylene bottle, wherein absorbent cotton is arranged inside the polyethylene bag and the polyethylene bottle, and the absorbent cotton is adsorbed with the Monochamus alternatus attractant according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

[0013] Preferably, the absorbent cotton in the polyethylene bag is adsorbed with 2-undecanyloxy-1-ethanol;

[0014] The absorbent cotton of the polyethylene bottle is adsorbed with β-pinene and 3-carene.

[0015] Preferably, the content of 2-undedecyloxy-1-ethanol in each lure core is 0.35-0.8 g, the content of β-pinene is 3-6 g, and the content of 3-carene is 1-6 g.

[0016] Preferably, the content of 2-undedecyloxy-1-ethanol in each lure is 0.5 g, the content of β-pinene is 3 g, and the content of 3-carene is 1 g.

[0017] The present invention also provides the use of the attractant core described in the above technical solution in attracting Monochamus alternatus.

[0018] Preferably, the application includes the following steps: hanging the lures in the forest, with 2 to 3 lures hung per acre.

[0019] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0020] The attractant provided by the present invention can attract Monochamus alternatus, has the advantages of stable attracting effect, long lasting effect, and environmental friendliness, is suitable for population monitoring and prevention of Monochamus alternatus, and is not affected by terrain or topography. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below.

[0022] Figure 1 The results of the bioactivity evaluation test of different attractants on Monochamus alternatus;

[0023] Figure 2 The results of the bio-evaluation test on Monochamus alternatus with different doses of 2-undecanyloxy-1-ethanol in the attractant were presented.

[0024] Figure 3 The results of the bio-evaluation test on Monochamus alternatus with different β-pinene dosage in attractants were presented.

[0025] Figure 4 The results of the bio-evaluation test on Monochamus alternatus with different 3-carene dosage in the attractant were presented.

[0026] Figure 5 The results of the bio-evaluation test on Monochamus alternatus with different content ratios of β-pinene and 3-carene in attractants are shown in the figure.

[0027] Figure 6 The results of the evaluation test on the biological activity duration of the attractant against Monochamus alternatus;

[0028] Figure 7 The attractant effect of the attractant on the spruce beetle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention provides a Monochamus alternatus attractant, comprising 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol, β-pinene, and 3-carene; the mass ratio of the 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol, β-pinene, and 3-carene is 0.35-0.8:3-6:1-6. In the present invention, the mass ratio of the 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol, β-pinene, and 3-carene is preferably 0.5:3:1. In the present invention, the mass ratio of the 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol, β-pinene, and 3-carene is preferably 0.5-0.65:4-5:3-5. In the present invention, the 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol is preferably purchased from J&K and has a purity of >95%, the β-pinene is preferably purchased from J&K and has a purity of >95%, and the 3-carene is preferably purchased from J&K and has a purity of >95%.

[0030] The present invention also provides the use of the Monochamus alternatus attractant described in the above technical solution in attracting Monochamus alternatus.

[0031] The present invention also provides a lure for attracting Monochamus alternatus, comprising a polyethylene bag and a polyethylene bottle, each of which is provided with absorbent cotton, adsorbed with the Monochamus alternatus attractant according to any one of claims 1 to 3. In the present invention, the absorbent cotton in the polyethylene bag is preferably adsorbed with 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol; and the absorbent cotton in the polyethylene bottle is preferably adsorbed with β-pinene and 3-carene. In the present invention, the content of 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol in each lure is preferably 0.35-0.8g, the content of β-pinene is preferably 3-6g, and the content of 3-carene is preferably 1-6g. In the present invention, the content of 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol in each lure is preferably 0.5g, the content of β-pinene is preferably 3g, and the content of 3-carene is preferably 1g.

[0032] In the present invention, the polyethylene bag is preferably a 20s black polyethylene plastic bag, containing 0.4% (W%) of antioxidant 168, 0.6% (W%) of dioctyl biphenyl dicarboxylate, and 99% (W%) of low-density polyethylene, and is 100 mm long and 50 mm wide. In the present invention, the polyethylene plastic bottle is preferably a white transparent polyethylene plastic bottle, with a thickness of 0.5 mm and a volume of 20 ml. The present invention has no special requirements for the sources of the absorbent cotton, polyethylene bag, and polyethylene plastic bottle; commercially available products can be used. In the present invention, the content of absorbent cotton in each polyethylene bag is preferably 2 g, and the content of absorbent cotton in each polyethylene bottle is preferably 4 g.

[0033] In the present invention, the method for preparing the lure preferably comprises the following steps:

[0034] Place absorbent cotton in a polyethylene bag and a polyethylene bottle, then drip the attractant onto the cotton and seal it to form a lure core. Preferably, the 2-undecanyloxy-1-ethanol is added directly to the absorbent cotton in the polyethylene bag and sealed for storage. The β-pinene and 3-carene are then mixed evenly and dripped directly onto the absorbent cotton in the polyethylene bottle carrier and sealed for storage. Together, these two components form the attractant core for Monochamus alternatus.

[0035] The spruce beetle insect attractant provided by the present invention can be used for luring and killing spruce beetles in large quantities, monitoring the population of spruce beetles, and the like. The spruce beetle insect attractant provided by the present invention is easy to process and produce, has low cost, and can maintain an effective period of more than 50 days, which can meet the needs of luring spruce beetles in production. The attractant provided by the present invention is an efficient, long-lasting, and environmentally friendly spruce beetle attractant, which is used in the large-scale luring and killing of spruce beetles, and has significant results. The spruce beetle insect attractant of the present invention has broad prospects for industrialization. In addition, its preparation method is simple, and it is particularly suitable for large-scale promotion in production.

[0036] The present invention also provides the use of the lure core described in the above technical solution in attracting Monochamus alternatus. In the present invention, the use preferably includes the following steps: hanging the lure core in the forest, with 2 to 3 lures hung per acre.

[0037] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the attractant is preferably fixed in the trap, and then the trap is hung in the woods. The trap is mainly a cross-plate type longhorn beetle trap, purchased from Beijing Zhongjie Sifang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. The large plate and the small plate are crossed to form a cross shape (800mm high and 600mm wide), connected to the upper cover through the hook at the top, and connected to the funnel through the hook at the bottom. The trumpet connected to the insect collecting bottle is put on the lower part of the funnel and connected to the insect collecting bottle. Hang an attractant in the middle position 20cm from the top of the cross-plate type longhorn beetle trap. The trap is hung in the woods, and the insect collecting bottle of the trap is preferably 50cm above the ground. The trap spacing is 100 to 150m.

[0038] In order to further illustrate the present invention, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] Results of the biological activity evaluation test of different attractants against Monochamus alternatus

[0041] The attractants for Monochamus alternatus produced in this embodiment all use commercially available 2-undedecyloxy-1-ethanol, whose chemical purity and isomeric purity are both greater than 95%; β-pinene, whose chemical purity and isomeric purity are both greater than 95%; 3-carene, whose chemical purity and isomeric purity are both greater than 95%; limonene, whose chemical purity and isomeric purity are both greater than 95%; and terpinolene, whose chemical purity and isomeric purity are both greater than 95%.

[0042] The following 6 treatments were prepared according to the test requirements.

[0043] Treatment 1: 2-Undecyloxy-1-ethanol 500 mg;

[0044] Treatment 2: 2-undecanyloxy-1-ethanol 500 mg, 4 g α-pinene;

[0045] Treatment 3: 2-undecanyloxy-1-ethanol 500 mg, 4 g β-pinene;

[0046] Treatment 4: 2-Undecyloxy-1-ethanol 500 mg, 4 g 3-carene;

[0047] Treatment 5: 2-undecanyloxy-1-ethanol 500 mg, 4 g limonene;

[0048] Treatment 6: 2-undecanyloxy-1-ethanol 500 mg, 4 g terpinolene;

[0049] The spruce beetle attractant core prepared in the application example is used to attract spruce beetles, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0050] (1) 2-Undecyloxy-1-ethanol was added to the absorbent cotton in a polyethylene plastic bag according to the above usage amount; α-pinene, β-pinene, 3-carene, limonene, and terpinolene were added dropwise to the absorbent cotton in a polyethylene plastic bottle carrier according to the above usage amount.

[0051] (2) Preparation and storage of the attractant: Add 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol to a 20-thread black polyethylene plastic bag containing absorbent cotton, and seal it with a sealing machine to obtain a pheromone slow-release bag. Add α-pinene, β-pinene, 3-carene, limonene, and terpinolene to the absorbent cotton in the polyethylene plastic bottle carrier respectively, tighten the bottle cap to obtain a pheromone slow-release bottle. The polyethylene plastic bag is a low-density polyethylene with a mass percentage of 99%, a thickness of 20 threads, a length of 100 mm, and a width of 50 mm; the polyethylene plastic bottle is a low-density polyethylene with a thickness of 0.5 mm and a volume of 20 ml. The prepared slow-release bag and slow-release bottle are used together to form the attractant for spruce beetle, sealed with aluminum foil, and refrigerated at 4°C.

[0052] (3) Field application of attractants:

[0053] a) Experimental location: Baihuashan National Nature Reserve, Mentougou District, Beijing.

[0054] b) Trap Fabrication: The trap is primarily a cross-plate longhorn beetle trap purchased from Beijing Zhongjie Sifang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. A large plate and a small plate are intersected to form a cross (800 mm high, 600 mm wide). The trap is connected to the upper cover via a hook at the top and to the funnel via a hook at the bottom. The bell-shaped mouthpiece for connecting to the insect collection bottle is placed under the funnel and the insect collection bottle is connected.

[0055] c) Suspension of the lure: Hang a lure in the middle of the cross-plate longhorn beetle trap, 20 cm from the top.

[0056] d) Field trap placement: Each experimental treatment was replicated three times. Traps were set at the edge of a spruce forest, with a spacing of 100–150 m between traps. Traps were fixed to the side branches of non-pine plants using wire, with the trap jars 50 cm above the ground.

[0057] e) Data Collection and Trap Cleaning: Each treatment was replicated three times. The number of Monochamus alternatus captured in each treatment was the average of the three traps. Depending on weather conditions, the number of Monochamus alternatus in the traps was observed every 5–7 days. After counting, the trapped Monochamus alternatus was placed in a plastic box and brought to the laboratory.

[0058] According to the above specific steps, it is used to lure the spruce beetle. From May 20 to June 10, 2021, the specific results are shown in Figure 1 Each treatment was replicated three times in this experiment, and the number of Monochamus alternatus trapped in each treatment was the average of the three traps. Depending on weather conditions, the number of Monochamus alternatus in the traps was observed every 5–7 days.

[0059] from Figure 1 It can be concluded from the analysis of the insect attractant effect during the experimental period (20 days) that treatments 1 to 6 can all attract the spruce beetle. Figure 1 It can be clearly seen that the use of 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol alone in treatment 1 cannot effectively attract the spruce beetle. In addition, the combined use of α-pinene, limonene, terpinolene and 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol has a poor effect on attracting the spruce beetle. When 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol is used in combination with β-pinene or 3-carene, the capture amount of the spruce beetle increases significantly. The conclusion of this experiment confirms that the bait core prepared by combining 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol with β-pinene or 3-carene has a good attractant effect on the spruce beetle, among which the combined use of 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol and β-pinene has the best attractant effect on the spruce beetle, and the attractant effect is shown in FIG. Figure 7 .

[0060] Example 2

[0061] Results of bio-evaluation test on Monochamus alternatus with varying doses of 2-undecanyloxy-1-ethanol in attractants

[0062] The Monochamus alternatus attractant prepared in this embodiment uses commercially available 2-undecanyloxy-1-ethanol, the chemical purity and isomeric purity of which are both greater than 95%; and β-pinene, the chemical purity and isomeric purity of which are both greater than 95%.

[0063] The following 6 treatments were prepared according to the test requirements.

[0064] Treatment 1: 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol 50 mg, 4 g β-pinene;

[0065] Treatment 2: 200 mg of 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol, 4 g of β-pinene;

[0066] Treatment 3: 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol 350 mg, 4 g β-pinene;

[0067] Treatment 4: 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol 500 mg, 4 g β-pinene;

[0068] Treatment 5: 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol 650 mg, 4 g β-pinene;

[0069] Treatment 6: 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol 800 mg, 4 g β-pinene;

[0070] The spruce beetle attractant core prepared in the application example is used to attract spruce beetles, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0071] (1) Different doses of 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol were added to the absorbent cotton in a polyethylene plastic bag according to the above usage amount; β-pinene was added dropwise to the absorbent cotton in a polyethylene plastic bottle carrier according to the above usage amount.

[0072] (2) Preparation and storage of attractants: 2-Undecyloxy-1-ethanol was added to a 20-thread black polyethylene plastic bag containing absorbent cotton and sealed with a sealing machine to obtain a pheromone slow-release bag. β-Pinene was added dropwise to the absorbent cotton in the polyethylene plastic bottle carrier and the bottle cap was tightened to obtain a pheromone slow-release bottle; wherein the polyethylene plastic bag was made of 99% low-density polyethylene with a thickness of 20 threads, a length of 100 mm, and a width of 50 mm; the polyethylene plastic bottle was made of low-density polyethylene with a thickness of 0.5 mm and a volume of 20 ml. The prepared slow-release bag and slow-release bottle were used together to form a attractant for Monochamus pictus, sealed with aluminum foil, and refrigerated at 4°C.

[0073] (3) Field application of attractants:

[0074] a) Experimental location: Baihuashan National Nature Reserve, Mentougou District, Beijing.

[0075] b) Trap Fabrication: The trap is primarily a cross-plate longhorn beetle trap purchased from Beijing Zhongjie Sifang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. A large plate and a small plate are intersected to form a cross (800 mm high, 600 mm wide). The trap is connected to the upper cover via a hook at the top and to the funnel via a hook at the bottom. The bell-shaped mouthpiece for connecting to the insect collection bottle is placed under the funnel and the insect collection bottle is connected.

[0076] c) Suspension of the lure: Hang a lure in the middle of the cross-plate longhorn beetle trap, 20 cm from the top.

[0077] d) Field trap placement: Each experimental treatment was replicated three times. Traps were set at the edge of a spruce forest, with a spacing of 100–150 m between traps. Traps were fixed to the side branches of non-pine plants using wire, with the trap jars 50 cm above the ground.

[0078] e) Data Collection and Trap Cleaning: Each treatment was replicated three times. The number of Monochamus alternatus captured in each treatment was the average of the three traps. Depending on weather conditions, the number of Monochamus alternatus in the traps was observed every 5–7 days. After counting, the trapped Monochamus alternatus was placed in a plastic box and brought to the laboratory.

[0079] According to the above specific steps, it is used to attract the spruce beetle. From June 11 to June 30, 2021, the specific results are shown in Figure 2 Each treatment was replicated three times in this experiment, and the number of Monochamus alternatus trapped in each treatment was the average of the three traps. The number of Monochamus alternatus in the traps was observed every 5–7 days, depending on weather conditions.

[0080] from Figure 1 It can be concluded that from the analysis of the insect attractant effect during the experimental period (20 days), treatments 1 to 6 were all able to attract the spruce beetle. When the slow-release bags prepared with different amounts of 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol were used in combination with β-pinene, it was found that with the increase in the amount of 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol used, the capture of the spruce beetle gradually increased, while treatments 4 and 5 significantly increased the capture of the spruce beetle, but the difference between the two was not significant. In terms of attractant effect and economic investment, 500 mg of 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol combined with β-pinene can have a good attractant effect on the spruce beetle in the wild.

[0081] Example 3

[0082] Results of bio-evaluation test on Monochamus alternatus with varying β-pinene dosage in attractants

[0083] The Monochamus alternatus attractant prepared in this embodiment uses commercially available 2-undecanyloxy-1-ethanol, the chemical purity and isomeric purity of which are both greater than 95%; and β-pinene, the chemical purity and isomeric purity of which are both greater than 95%.

[0084] The following 6 treatments were prepared according to the test requirements.

[0085] Treatment 1: 2-Undecyloxy-1-ethanol 500 mg, 1 g β-pinene;

[0086] Treatment 2: 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol 500 mg, 2 g β-pinene;

[0087] Treatment 3: 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol 500 mg, 3 g β-pinene;

[0088] Treatment 4: 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol 500 mg, 4 g β-pinene;

[0089] Treatment 5: 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol 500 mg, 5 g β-pinene;

[0090] Treatment 6: 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol 500 mg, 6 g β-pinene;

[0091] The spruce beetle attractant core prepared in the application example is used to attract spruce beetles, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0092] (1) Different doses of 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol were added to the absorbent cotton in a polyethylene plastic bag according to the above usage amount; β-pinene was added dropwise to the absorbent cotton in a polyethylene plastic bottle carrier according to the above usage amount.

[0093] (2) Preparation and storage of attractants: 2-Undecyloxy-1-ethanol was added to a 20-thread black polyethylene plastic bag containing absorbent cotton and sealed with a sealing machine to obtain a pheromone slow-release bag. β-Pinene was added dropwise to the absorbent cotton in the polyethylene plastic bottle carrier and the bottle cap was tightened to obtain a pheromone slow-release bottle; wherein the polyethylene plastic bag was made of 99% low-density polyethylene with a thickness of 20 threads, a length of 100 mm, and a width of 50 mm; the polyethylene plastic bottle was made of low-density polyethylene with a thickness of 0.5 mm and a volume of 20 ml. The prepared slow-release bag and slow-release bottle were used together to form a attractant for Monochamus pictus, sealed with aluminum foil, and refrigerated at 4°C.

[0094] (3) Field application of attractants:

[0095] a) Experimental location: Baihuashan National Nature Reserve, Mentougou District, Beijing.

[0096] b) Trap Fabrication: The trap is primarily a cross-plate longhorn beetle trap purchased from Beijing Zhongjie Sifang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. A large plate and a small plate are intersected to form a cross (800 mm high, 600 mm wide). The trap is connected to the upper cover via a hook at the top and to the funnel via a hook at the bottom. The bell-shaped mouthpiece for connecting to the insect collection bottle is placed under the funnel and the insect collection bottle is connected.

[0097] c) Suspension of the lure: Hang a lure in the middle of the cross-plate longhorn beetle trap, 20 cm from the top.

[0098] d) Field trap placement: Each experimental treatment was replicated three times. Traps were set at the edge of a spruce forest, with a spacing of 100–150 m between traps. Traps were fixed to the side branches of non-pine plants using wire, with the trap jars 50 cm above the ground.

[0099] e) Data Collection and Trap Cleaning: Each treatment was replicated three times. The number of Monochamus alternatus captured in each treatment was the average of the three traps. Depending on weather conditions, the number of Monochamus alternatus in the traps was observed every 5–7 days. After counting, the trapped Monochamus alternatus was placed in a plastic box and brought to the laboratory.

[0100] According to the above specific steps, it is used to attract the spruce beetle. From May 11 to May 30, 2022, the specific results are shown in Figure 2 Each treatment was replicated three times in this experiment, and the number of Monochamus alternatus trapped in each treatment was the average of the three traps. Depending on weather conditions, the number of Monochamus alternatus in the traps was observed every 5–7 days.

[0101] from Figure 3 It can be concluded that, based on the analysis of insect attraction effectiveness during the experimental period (20 days), treatments 1 to 6 were all able to attract the spruce beetle. When slow-release bottles prepared with different dosages of β-pinene were used in combination with slow-release bags prepared with 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol, it was found that the number of spruce beetles trapped gradually increased with increasing β-pinene dosage, while treatments 4 and 5 significantly increased the number of spruce beetles trapped, but the difference between the two was not significant. In terms of attractant effectiveness and economic investment, 3g of β-pinene combined with 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol has a good attractant effect on spruce beetles in the wild.

[0102] Example 4

[0103] Results of bio-evaluation test on Monochamus alternatus with varying 3-carene dosage in attractants

[0104] The Monochamus alternatus attractant prepared in this embodiment uses commercially available 2-undedecyloxy-1-ethanol, whose chemical purity and isomeric purity are both greater than 95%; and 3-carene, whose chemical purity and isomeric purity are both greater than 95%.

[0105] The following 6 treatments were prepared according to the test requirements.

[0106] Treatment 1: 2-Undecyloxy-1-ethanol 500 mg, 1 g 3-carene;

[0107] Treatment 2: 2-undecanyloxy-1-ethanol 500 mg, 2 g 3-carene;

[0108] Treatment 3: 2-undecanyloxy-1-ethanol 500 mg, 3 g 3-carene;

[0109] Treatment 4: 2-Undecyloxy-1-ethanol 500 mg, 4 g 3-carene;

[0110] Treatment 5: 2-undecanyloxy-1-ethanol 500 mg, 5 g 3-carene;

[0111] Treatment 6: 2-Undecyloxy-1-ethanol 500 mg, 6 g 3-carene;

[0112] The spruce beetle attractant core prepared in the application example is used to attract spruce beetles, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0113] (1) Different doses of 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol were added to the absorbent cotton in a polyethylene plastic bag according to the above usage amount; 3-carene was added dropwise to the absorbent cotton in a polyethylene plastic bottle carrier according to the above usage amount.

[0114] (2) Preparation and storage of attractants: 2-Undecyloxy-1-ethanol was added to a 20-thread black polyethylene plastic bag containing absorbent cotton and sealed with a sealing machine to obtain a pheromone slow-release bag. 3-Carene was added dropwise to the absorbent cotton in the polyethylene plastic bottle carrier and the bottle cap was tightened to obtain a pheromone slow-release bottle; wherein the polyethylene plastic bag was made of 99% low-density polyethylene with a thickness of 20 threads, a length of 100 mm, and a width of 50 mm; the polyethylene plastic bottle was made of low-density polyethylene with a thickness of 0.5 mm and a volume of 20 ml. The prepared slow-release bag and slow-release bottle were used together to form a attractant for Monochamus pictus, sealed with aluminum foil, and refrigerated at 4°C.

[0115] (3) Field application of attractants:

[0116] a) Experimental location: Baihuashan National Nature Reserve, Mentougou District, Beijing.

[0117] b) Trap Fabrication: The trap is primarily a cross-plate longhorn beetle trap purchased from Beijing Zhongjie Sifang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. A large plate and a small plate are intersected to form a cross (800 mm high, 600 mm wide). The trap is connected to the upper cover via a hook at the top and to the funnel via a hook at the bottom. The bell-shaped mouthpiece for connecting to the insect collection bottle is placed under the funnel and the insect collection bottle is connected.

[0118] c) Suspension of the lure: Hang a lure in the middle of the cross-plate longhorn beetle trap, 20 cm from the top.

[0119] d) Field trap placement: Each experimental treatment was replicated three times. Traps were set at the edge of a spruce forest, with a spacing of 100–150 m between traps. Traps were fixed to the side branches of non-pine plants using wire, with the trap jars 50 cm above the ground.

[0120] e) Data Collection and Trap Cleaning: Each treatment was replicated three times. The number of Monochamus alternatus captured in each treatment was the average of the three traps. Depending on weather conditions, the number of Monochamus alternatus in the traps was observed every 5–7 days. After counting, the trapped Monochamus alternatus was placed in a plastic box and brought to the laboratory.

[0121] According to the above specific steps, it is used to attract the spruce beetle. From May 11 to May 30, 2022, the specific results are shown in Figure 2 Each treatment was replicated three times in this experiment, and the number of Monochamus alternatus trapped in each treatment was the average of the three traps. Depending on weather conditions, the number of Monochamus alternatus in the traps was observed every 5–7 days.

[0122] from Figure 4 The results show that treatments 1 through 6 were all able to attract Monochamus alternatus during the 20-day experimental period. When slow-release bottles prepared with varying amounts of 3-carene were used in combination with slow-release bags prepared with 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol, it was found that the number of Monochamus alternatus captured gradually increased with increasing amounts of 3-carene. Treatments 4 and 5 significantly increased the number of Monochamus alternatus captured, but the difference between the two groups was not significant. In terms of both attractant effectiveness and economic investment, a combination of 4g of 3-carene and 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol has a significant attractant effect on Monochamus alternatus in the wild.

[0123] Example 5

[0124] Results of bio-evaluation test on Monochamus alternatus with different ratios of β-pinene and 3-carene in attractants

[0125] The Monochamus alternatus attractants prepared in this embodiment all use commercially available 2-undecanyloxy-1-ethanol, whose chemical purity and isomeric purity are both greater than 95%; β-pinene, whose chemical purity and isomeric purity are both greater than 95%; and 3-carene, whose chemical purity and isomeric purity are both greater than 95%.

[0126] The following 6 treatments were prepared according to the test requirements.

[0127] Treatment 1: 2-Undecyloxy-1-ethanol 500 mg;

[0128] Treatment 2: 500 mg of 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol, 1 g of β-pinene, and 3 g of 3-carene;

[0129] Treatment 3: 2-undecanyloxy-1-ethanol 500 mg, 2 g β-pinene, 2 g 3-carene;

[0130] Treatment 4: 2-undecanyloxy-1-ethanol 500 mg, β-pinene 3 g, 3-carene 1 g;

[0131] Treatment 5: 2-undecanyloxy-1-ethanol 500 mg, 4 g β-pinene;

[0132] Treatment 6: 2-undecanyloxy-1-ethanol 500 mg, 4 g 3-carene;

[0133] The spruce beetle attractant core prepared in the application example is used to attract spruce beetles, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0134] (1) Different doses of 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol were added to the absorbent cotton in a polyethylene plastic bag according to the above usage amounts; β-pinene and 3-carene were added dropwise to the absorbent cotton in a polyethylene plastic bottle carrier according to the above usage amounts.

[0135] (2) Preparation and storage of attractants: 2-Undecyloxy-1-ethanol was added to a 20-thread black polyethylene plastic bag containing absorbent cotton and sealed with a sealing machine to obtain a pheromone slow-release bag. β-Pinene and 3-carene were added dropwise to the absorbent cotton in the polyethylene plastic bottle carrier, and the bottle cap was tightened to obtain a pheromone slow-release bottle; wherein the polyethylene plastic bag was made of 99% low-density polyethylene with a thickness of 20 threads, a length of 100 mm, and a width of 50 mm; the polyethylene plastic bottle was made of low-density polyethylene with a thickness of 0.5 mm and a volume of 20 ml. The prepared slow-release bag and slow-release bottle were used together to form the attractant for Monochamus pictus, sealed with aluminum foil, and refrigerated at 4°C.

[0136] (3) Field application of attractants:

[0137] a) Experimental location: Baihuashan National Nature Reserve, Mentougou District, Beijing.

[0138] b) Trap Fabrication: The trap is primarily a cross-plate longhorn beetle trap purchased from Beijing Zhongjie Sifang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. A large plate and a small plate are intersected to form a cross (800 mm high, 600 mm wide). The trap is connected to the upper cover via a hook at the top and to the funnel via a hook at the bottom. The bell-shaped mouthpiece for connecting to the insect collection bottle is placed under the funnel and the insect collection bottle is connected.

[0139] c) Suspension of the lure: Hang a lure in the middle of the cross-plate longhorn beetle trap, 20 cm from the top.

[0140] d) Field trap placement: Each experimental treatment was replicated three times. Traps were set at the edge of a spruce forest, with a spacing of 100–150 m between traps. Traps were fixed to the side branches of non-pine plants using wire, with the trap jars 50 cm above the ground.

[0141] e) Data Collection and Trap Cleaning: Each treatment was replicated three times. The number of Monochamus alternatus captured in each treatment was the average of the three traps. Depending on weather conditions, the number of Monochamus alternatus in the traps was observed every 5–7 days. After counting, the trapped Monochamus alternatus was placed in a plastic box and brought to the laboratory.

[0142] According to the above specific steps, it is used to attract the spruce beetle. From May 17 to June 5, 2023, the specific results are shown in Figure 2 Each treatment was replicated three times in this experiment, and the number of Monochamus alternatus trapped in each treatment was the average of the three traps. Depending on weather conditions, the number of Monochamus alternatus in the traps was observed every 5–7 days.

[0143] from Figure 5 It can be concluded from the analysis of insect attraction effectiveness during the experimental period (20 days) that Treatments 1 to 6 were all able to attract Monochamus alternatus. When slow-release bottles prepared with varying ratios of β-pinene and 3-carene were used in combination with slow-release bags prepared with 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol, it was found that any ratio increased the number of Monochamus alternatus captures, but Treatment 4 produced the highest number of captures. Therefore, a combination of 3g of β-pinene and 1g of 3-carene with 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol can effectively attract Monochamus alternatus in the wild.

[0144] Example 6

[0145] Results of the evaluation test on the duration of the biological activity of attractants against Monochamus alternatus

[0146] The Monochamus alternatus attractants prepared in this embodiment all use commercially available 2-undecanyloxy-1-ethanol, whose chemical purity and isomeric purity are both greater than 95%; β-pinene, whose chemical purity and isomeric purity are both greater than 95%; and 3-carene, whose chemical purity and isomeric purity are both greater than 95%.

[0147] Prepare the following 1 treatment according to the test requirements.

[0148] Treatment 1: 500 mg of 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol, 3 g of β-pinene, and 1 g of 3-carene;

[0149] The spruce beetle attractant core prepared in the application example is used to attract spruce beetles, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0150] (1) Different doses of 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol were added to the absorbent cotton in a polyethylene plastic bag according to the above usage amounts; β-pinene and 3-carene were added dropwise to the absorbent cotton in a polyethylene plastic bottle carrier according to the above usage amounts.

[0151] (2) Preparation and storage of the attractant: Add 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol to a 20-thread black polyethylene plastic bag containing absorbent cotton and seal it with a sealing machine to obtain a pheromone slow-release bag. Add β-pinene and 3-carene dropwise to the absorbent cotton in the polyethylene plastic bottle carrier, tighten the bottle cap to obtain a pheromone slow-release bottle. The polyethylene plastic bag is a low-density polyethylene with a mass percentage of 99%, a thickness of 20 threads, a length of 100 mm, and a width of 50 mm; the polyethylene plastic bottle is a low-density polyethylene with a thickness of 0.5 mm and a volume of 20 ml. The prepared slow-release bag and slow-release bottle are used together to form the attractant for spruce beetle, sealed with aluminum foil, and refrigerated at 4°C.

[0152] (3) Field application of attractants:

[0153] a) Experimental location: Baihuashan National Nature Reserve, Mentougou District, Beijing.

[0154] b) Trap Fabrication: The trap is primarily a cross-plate longhorn beetle trap purchased from Beijing Zhongjie Sifang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. A large plate and a small plate are intersected to form a cross (800 mm high, 600 mm wide). The trap is connected to the upper cover via a hook at the top and to the funnel via a hook at the bottom. The bell-shaped mouthpiece for connecting to the insect collection bottle is placed under the funnel and the insect collection bottle is connected.

[0155] c) Suspension of the lure: Hang a lure in the middle of the cross-plate longhorn beetle trap, 20 cm from the top.

[0156] d) Field trap placement: Each experimental treatment was replicated three times. Traps were set at the edge of a spruce forest, with a spacing of 100–150 m between traps. Traps were fixed to the side branches of non-pine plants using wire, with the trap jars 50 cm above the ground.

[0157] e) Data Collection and Trap Cleaning: Each treatment was replicated three times. The number of Monochamus alternatus captured in each treatment was the average of the three traps. Depending on weather conditions, the number of Monochamus alternatus in the traps was observed every 5–7 days. After counting, the trapped Monochamus alternatus was placed in a plastic box and brought to the laboratory.

[0158] According to the above specific steps, it is used to attract the spruce beetle. From May 1 to July 21, 2023, the specific results are shown in Figure 6 Each treatment was replicated three times in this experiment, and the number of Monochamus alternatus trapped in each treatment was the average of the three traps. Depending on weather conditions, the number of Monochamus alternatus in the traps was observed every 5–7 days.

[0159] from Figure 6 It can be concluded that the spruce beetle bait prepared by the present invention can attract spruce beetles from May 1 to July 5 (a total of 66 days) and accurately monitor the population dynamics of spruce beetles. The period from early June to mid-to-late June is the peak period for the occurrence of spruce beetle adults. Therefore, 3g of β-pinene and 1g of 3-carene combined with 2-undecanyloxy-1-ethanol can have a good attracting effect on spruce beetles in the wild, and the duration of the attracting effect on spruce beetles in the wild can meet the needs of monitoring the population dynamics of spruce beetles.

[0160] Although the above embodiment provides a detailed description of the present invention, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. People can also obtain other embodiments based on this embodiment without creativity, and these embodiments all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. Application of attractants for Monochamus alternatus in attracting Monochamus alternatus; The attractant for Monochamus alternatus is 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol, β-pinene and 3-carene; The mass ratio of the 2-undecanyloxy-1-ethanol, β-pinene and 3-carene is 0.35-0.8:3-6:1-6.

2. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that The mass ratio of the 2-undecanyloxy-1-ethanol, β-pinene and 3-carene is 0.5:3:

1.

3. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that The mass ratio of the 2-undecanyloxy-1-ethanol, β-pinene and 3-carene is 0.5-0.65:4-5:3-5.

4. The use of bait cores in attracting Monochamus alternatus; The attractant core is a polyethylene bag and a polyethylene bottle, and absorbent cotton is arranged inside the polyethylene bag and the polyethylene bottle, and the absorbent cotton is adsorbed with the spruce monochamus attractant used in any one of claims 1 to 3; The absorbent cotton in the polyethylene bag is adsorbed with 2-undedecyloxy-1-ethanol; The absorbent cotton of the polyethylene bottle is adsorbed with β-pinene and 3-carene; The content of 2-undedecyloxy-1-ethanol in each lure core is 0.35-0.8g, the content of β-pinene is 3-6g, and the content of 3-carene is 1-6g.

5. The use according to claim 4, characterized in that The content of 2-undedecyloxy-1-ethanol in each lure is 0.5 g, the content of β-pinene is 3 g, and the content of 3-carene is 1 g.

6. The use according to claim 4, characterized in that The application comprises the following steps: hanging the lure cores in the forest, with 2 to 3 lure cores hung per acre.

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