Cotton strip tillage non-film-laying belt seeder and cotton planting method

Abstract

The present invention provides a cotton strip-tillage filmless strip-laying seeder and a cotton planting method, which relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, including a frame crossbeam, and independently arranged strip-tillage machines are installed on both sides of the frame crossbeam, and the strip-tillage machine includes a travel mechanism, a drip irrigation belt laying mechanism, a slotting and seeding mechanism, and a soil covering and leveling mechanism; the seed furrow covering wheel and the dragging leveling roller cover the travel route of the slotting inclined plate and the travel route of the furrow opener, and the lowest point of the dragging leveling roller is 3-5 cm lower than the cotton stubble soil ridges of the previous season on both sides, so that the new ridge belt is 3-5 cm lower than the cotton stubble strip ridges of the previous season on both sides. The present invention provides a new type of seeding machine and planting mode for irrigated cotton less-tillage planting, in which the cotton stalks do not need to be crushed and returned to the field in a standing state, and the cotton strips between the rows that have been strip-tilled are sown without film-laying, which has the purposes of preventing wind and protecting seedlings, preventing evaporation, reducing the amount of film covering, saving energy, and reducing the amount of work.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a cotton strip-tillage non-film-laying seeder and a cotton planting method. Background Art

[0002] Xinjiang cotton is mainly grown by returning straw to the fields, recycling plastic film, rotary tillage and harrowing, and film-laying and drip irrigation. Although the yield is high, it has caused serious plastic film pollution and ecological damage. At present, farmland plastic film has become the main source of arable land pollution in Xinjiang. Due to the increasing content of plastic film in the cultivated layer of soil, water and fertilizer loss is serious, and the alkali and salt reaction of arable land has intensified, causing irreversible damage to Xinjiang's fragile desert oasis agricultural ecosystem.

[0003] The disclosure of the prior art discloses a cotton seeder with a seed bed preparation and drip tape laying mechanism and a publication number of "CN213755600U", which relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery and comprises: a frame, an opposed auger scraping mechanism, a drip tape laying mechanism, a row marker, a contour seeding and suppressing mechanism, and a film covering mechanism; the opposed auger scraping mechanism is connected to the front crossbeam of the frame; there are multiple groups of drip tape laying mechanisms, including a drip tape laying mechanism installed on the front crossbeam of the frame and a drip tape laying mechanism installed on the middle crossbeam of the frame; a row marker is respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the frame; there are multiple groups of contour seeding and suppressing mechanisms, and the film covering mechanism and multiple groups of contour seeding and suppressing mechanisms are all arranged on the frame; the machine overcomes the defects of low cotton seedling rate and low cotton yield in saline-alkali land in the prior art, can improve the cotton seedling rate in saline-alkali land, and is beneficial to cost saving and income increase.

[0004] However, the above-mentioned device still has obvious defects during use: the above-mentioned device adopts the method of overall soil turning over and sowing, which requires the cotton stalks to be pulled out in advance, thereby adding a process and reducing the sowing efficiency. In hot and arid areas, large-scale turning of the soil is not conducive to the conservation of water and soil in the soil. At the same time, the above-mentioned device is provided with a covering device, which is easy to cause ground film pollution and ecological damage. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a cotton strip-tillage film-free strip seeder and a cotton planting method to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A cotton strip-tillage and filmless strip-laying seeder, comprising a frame crossbeam, with independent strip-tillage and strip-laying machines installed on both sides of the frame crossbeam, the strip-tillage and strip-laying machine comprising a traveling mechanism, a drip irrigation tape laying mechanism, a slotting and seeding mechanism, and a soil covering and leveling mechanism;

[0008] The traveling mechanism includes traveling wheels installed on both sides of the frame crossbeam through columns, the columns and traveling wheels on both sides lift the frame crossbeam upward to form a ground clearance for the cotton poles to pass through, and the strip-laying machines on both sides are spaced to form a strip-laying interval channel;

[0009] The drip irrigation tape laying mechanism and the slotting and seeding mechanism are respectively provided with a furrow opener and a slotting inclined plate, and the furrow opener and the slotting inclined plate slot the ground during the movement of the vehicle body, and the movement route of the slotting inclined plate is staggered and parallel to the movement route of the furrow opener;

[0010] The soil covering and leveling mechanism comprises a seed trench covering wheel and a dragging leveling roller; wherein,

[0011] The seed furrow covering wheel and the dragging leveling roller cover the travel path of the grooving ramp and the travel path of the furrow opener, and the lowest point of the dragging leveling roller is 3-5cm lower than the previous season cotton stubble ridges on both sides, so that the new ridge belt is 3-5cm lower than the previous season cotton stubble ridges on both sides.

[0012] 2. A cotton strip-tillage and filmless tape seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: the furrow opener is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the drip tape rack arranged by the drip tape laying mechanism, the drip tape rack is lifted and inserted into the lifting sleeves fixedly mounted on both sides of the frame crossbeam, a C-shaped drip tape rack for the drip tape roll is arranged above the drip tape rack, and an anti-turnover guide frame and a drip tape covering plate are also installed on the end of the drip tape rack away from the C-shaped drip tape rack, and the furrow opener, anti-turnover guide frame and drip tape covering plate are fixedly arranged at the front, middle and rear sections of the vehicle body in the direction of travel.

[0013] Preferably, the slotting and seeding mechanism further comprises a seed box and a material unloading turntable, and the seed box, the material unloading turntable and the slotting inclined plate are arranged in an upper, middle and lower direction.

[0014] Preferably, auxiliary wheels are installed on both sides of the slotted inclined plate.

[0015] Preferably, the slotting and seeding mechanism is fixedly connected to the frame crossbeam via a connecting frame.

[0016] Preferably, the traveling wheel is connected to the driving mechanism by a chain transmission mechanism, and the driving mechanism is also connected to the rotating shaft of the unloading turntable through the chain transmission mechanism.

[0017] Preferably, the chain transmission mechanism includes a first chain transmission, a second chain transmission, a third chain transmission, a fourth chain transmission, a fifth chain transmission and a sixth chain transmission.

[0018] Preferably, the strip tillage spacing between the furrow opener and the grooved inclined plate on the same strip tillage belt paving machine is 15-25 cm wide and 8-12 cm deep. This strip tillage spacing is used for shallow laying of drip irrigation belts and sowing, and the spacing between the strip tillage interval channels is 76 cm.

[0019] A cotton planting method, using the above-mentioned cotton strip tillage film-free belt seeder, comprises the following steps:

[0020] Step 1: Place the cotton strip tillage filmless belt seeder into the cotton field to be sown, adjust the position of the machine, ensure that the cotton poles of the previous season pass smoothly through the ground clearance set under the frame crossbeam during the movement of the machine, and ensure that the strip ridges of the cotton poles of the previous season are in the strip tillage interval channel;

[0021] Step 2: Adjust the height of the drip irrigation tape laying mechanism and determine the burial depth of the drip irrigation tape;

[0022] Step 3: Start the machine to move along the strip ridge direction. During the moving process, the furrow opener and the slotted inclined plate respectively form a strip tillage belt on the strip ridge, and during the moving process, the drip irrigation belt is laid in the strip tillage belt and sowing is carried out. The sowing path and the drip irrigation belt laying path are staggered;

[0023] Step 4: After sowing and laying of drip irrigation tapes, the seed furrow covering wheel and dragging leveling roller installed at the rear of the vehicle body carry out soil covering and compaction operations along the strip tillage tapes, so that the new ridges are 3-5cm lower than the cotton stubble strips on both sides of the previous season, and finally complete the strip tillage and film-free strip sowing operations.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] The present invention provides a new type of sowing machine and planting mode for irrigation cotton planting with reduced tillage. The sowing machine rides over the standing cotton stalks to sow cotton inter-row seeding strips without film laying in a standing state without crushing the cotton stalks and returning them to the field. The beneficial effects brought by the sowing machine and planting mode include:

[0026] Windbreak and seedling protection: When cotton was planted in the previous year, the ridges were 3-5cm lower than the cotton stubble. Through rotary tillage and pressing of the seedbed, the height difference between the seed belt and the cotton stubble was maintained. The height difference of the seed belt and the standing cotton stalks are conducive to forming a better windbreak, which can significantly reduce the wind speed.

[0027] Anti-evaporation: The reduced wind speed on the soil surface and the compact surface soil of the untilled ridges can effectively reduce water evaporation and loss, which is beneficial to improving the water storage capacity during cotton growth;

[0028] Reduce the amount of film covering: Adopting the film-free strip sowing method can greatly reduce the use of film, effectively improve the soil environment, and thus significantly improve the current situation of film pollution and ecological damage;

[0029] Energy saving: The laying of drip irrigation tape can accurately transport water and fertilizer, improving the utilization rate of water resources;

[0030] Reduce the workload: This sowing method does not require the entire field to be turned over for sowing. This sowing method significantly reduces the scope of work, thereby improving production efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 It is a schematic side view of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 It is a top view schematic diagram of the installation structure of the strip-tillage belt paving machine of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the height difference between the new ridge formed by the present invention and the cotton stubble of the previous season.

[0035] In the figure: 1 frame crossbeam, 2 columns, 3 traveling wheels, 4 furrow openers, 5 grooving inclined plates, 6 types of furrow covering wheels, 7 dragging leveling rollers, 8 drip irrigation belt racks, 9 lifting sleeves, 10C-type drip irrigation belt racks, 11 anti-turnover guide racks, 12 drip irrigation belt covering trays, 13 types of boxes, 14 unloading turntables, 15 auxiliary wheels, 16 connecting racks, 17 second chain drive, 18 third chain drive, 19 fourth chain drive, 20 fifth chain drive, 21 sixth chain drive, 22 first chain drive. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] See also Figure 1-4 , the present invention provides a technical solution:

[0038] Embodiment 1:

[0039] A cotton strip-tillage and film-free strip-laying seeder comprises a frame crossbeam 1, and independently arranged strip-tillage and strip-laying machines are installed on both sides of the frame crossbeam 1. The strip-tillage and strip-laying machines comprise a traveling mechanism, a drip irrigation tape laying mechanism, a slotting and seeding mechanism, and a soil covering and leveling mechanism.

[0040] The traveling mechanism includes traveling wheels 3 installed on both sides of the frame crossbeam 1 through the columns 2. The columns 2 and the traveling wheels 3 on both sides lift the frame crossbeam 1 upward to form a ground clearance for the cotton poles to pass through, and the strip-laying machines on both sides are spaced to form a strip-laying interval channel;

[0041] The drip irrigation tape laying mechanism and the slotting and seeding mechanism are respectively provided with a furrow opener 4 and a slotting inclined plate 5. The furrow opener 4 and the slotting inclined plate 5 slot the ground during the movement of the vehicle body. The moving route of the slotting inclined plate 5 is staggered and parallel to the moving route of the furrow opener 4.

[0042] The soil covering and leveling mechanism includes a seed trench covering wheel 6 and a dragging leveling roller 7; wherein,

[0043] The seed furrow covering wheel 6 and the dragging leveling roller 7 cover the travel path of the grooving inclined plate 5 and the travel path of the furrow opener 4, and the lowest point of the dragging leveling roller 7 is 3-5 cm lower than the cotton stubble ridges of the previous season on both sides, so that the new ridge belt is 3-5 cm lower than the cotton stubble ridges of the previous season on both sides.

[0044] In this embodiment, the frame crossbeam 1 serves as the frame body, and independently arranged strip-tillage belt laying machines are installed on both sides thereof. The strip-tillage belt laying machines have a traveling mechanism, a drip irrigation belt laying mechanism, a grooving and planting mechanism, and a soil covering and leveling mechanism commonly used in the prior art. Different from the prior art, the frame crossbeam 1 in this embodiment has a high ground clearance, which forms a strip-tillage interval channel between the strip-tillage belt laying machines on both sides. The advantage of such a setting is that the machine can go over the cotton stubble poles of the previous season to carry out the sowing operation of the new season's cotton seeds. The advantage of such sowing is that there is no need to crush and return the cotton stubble poles harvested in the previous season to the field, thereby directly reducing a pre-sowing process. At the same time, retaining the cotton stubble poles of the previous season can also effectively reduce the surface wind speed, which is of great significance for reducing soil moisture evaporation. In addition, since the strip-tillage belt soil turning and sowing method is adopted, this sowing method does not need to turn the soil over the entire field for sowing, and its sowing method significantly reduces the operating range, thereby improving production efficiency, and It can reduce the desertification phenomenon caused by soil moisture evaporation caused by large-scale soil loosening. This sowing method is particularly suitable for desert oasis agricultural ecosystems such as Xinjiang. Furthermore, by setting the lowest point of the dragging leveling roller 7 to be 3-5 cm lower than the cotton stubble ridges on both sides of the previous season, the new ridge belt is 3-5 cm lower than the cotton stubble ridges on both sides of the previous season. The advantage of this setting is to further reduce the height of the strip tillage belt, and use the strip ridge surface formed by the cotton stubble of the previous season to provide it with wind protection, thereby further reducing the moisture evaporation and wind speed on the surface of the newly formed strip tillage belt, thereby providing a favorable environment for the growth of cotton seeds. Furthermore, the strip tillage spacing between the furrow opener 4 and the grooved inclined plate 5 on the same strip tillage belt machine is 15-25 cm wide and 8-12 cm deep. The strip tillage spacing is used for shallow laying and sowing of drip irrigation belts. The spacing between the strip tillage channels is 76 cm, and the depth and spacing are set according to the optimal density of cotton growth and the growth environment of cotton seeds.

[0045] Embodiment 2:

[0046] The furrow opener 4 is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the drip tape rack 8 provided by the drip tape laying mechanism. The drip tape rack 8 is lifted and inserted into the lifting sleeves 9 fixedly installed on both sides of the frame cross beam 1. A C-shaped drip tape rack 10 for installing the drip tape roll is arranged above the drip tape rack 8. An anti-turnover guide frame 11 and a drip tape covering plate 12 are also installed at the end of the drip tape rack 8 away from the C-shaped drip tape rack 10. The furrow opener 4, the anti-turnover guide frame 11 and the drip tape covering plate 12 are fixedly arranged at the front, middle and rear sections of the vehicle body in the direction of travel.

[0047] In this embodiment, the specific structure of the drip tape laying mechanism is further disclosed, wherein the drip tape reel is installed on a C-type drip tape frame 10, and the drip tape is pulled out through an anti-turnover guide frame 11 and buried in a shallow soil layer; then, as the vehicle body moves, the drip tape reel is unwound to bury the drip tape.

[0048] Embodiment three:

[0049] The slotting and seeding mechanism further comprises a seed box 13 and a material unloading turntable 14. The seed box 13, the material unloading turntable 14 and the slotting inclined plate 5 are arranged in an upper, middle and lower direction.

[0050] Auxiliary wheels 15 are also installed on both sides of the slotted inclined plate 5.

[0051] The slotting and seeding mechanism is fixedly connected to the frame crossbeam 1 through a connecting frame 16 .

[0052] In this embodiment, the specific structure of the grooving and seeding mechanism is further disclosed. Grooving is performed by means of the grooving inclined plate 5. The unloading turntable 14 transfers the cotton seeds in the upper seed box 13 to the upper part of the grooving inclined plate 5 in sequence, and sows them on the ground as the grooving process proceeds. Since the grooving and seeding mechanism adopts a common structure in the prior art, it will not be described in detail here. The soil on both sides of the strip is compacted by the setting of the auxiliary wheels 15, and the entire grooving and seeding mechanism is fixedly connected to the frame crossbeam 1 through the connecting frame 16.

[0053] Embodiment three:

[0054] The traveling wheel 3 is connected to the driving mechanism by a chain transmission mechanism, and the driving mechanism is also connected to the rotating shaft of the unloading turntable 14 through the chain transmission mechanism.

[0055] Preferably, the chain transmission mechanism includes a first chain transmission 22 , a second chain transmission 17 , a third chain transmission 18 , a fourth chain transmission 19 , a fifth chain transmission 20 and a sixth chain transmission 21 .

[0056] In this embodiment, the driving method of the traveling wheel 3 and the unloading turntable 14 is further disclosed. The chain drive method can effectively transmit power and effectively prevent slipping, and is suitable for use in farmland. Since this structure is relatively common in the prior art, it will not be described in detail here.

[0057] A cotton planting method, using the above-mentioned cotton strip tillage film-free belt seeder, comprises the following steps:

[0058] Step 1: Place the cotton strip tillage filmless belt seeder into the cotton field to be sown, adjust the position of the machine, ensure that the cotton poles of the previous season pass smoothly through the ground clearance set under the frame crossbeam 1 during the movement of the machine, and ensure that the strip ridges of the cotton poles of the previous season are in the strip tillage interval channel;

[0059] Step 2: Adjust the height of the drip irrigation tape laying mechanism and determine the burial depth of the drip irrigation tape;

[0060] Step 3: Start the machine to move along the strip ridge direction. During the moving process, the furrow opener 4 and the slotted inclined plate 5 respectively form a strip tillage belt on the strip ridge, and during the moving process, the drip irrigation belt is laid in the strip tillage belt and sowing is carried out. The sowing path and the drip irrigation belt laying path are staggered;

[0061] Step 4: After sowing and laying of drip irrigation tapes, the seed furrow covering wheel 6 and the dragging leveling roller 7 arranged at the rear of the vehicle body carry out soil covering and compaction operations along the strip tillage tapes, so that the new ridge tapes are 3-5 cm lower than the cotton stubble strip tapes of the previous season on both sides, and finally the strip tillage and film-free strip sowing operations are completed.

[0062] Table 1. Cotton field wind speed measurement table

[0063]

[0064] Where, h is the height of the anemometer from the ground surface in cm, for example h0: 0 cm from the ground surface.

[0065] By referring to the above comparison, it can be seen intuitively that after sowing using the machine and method of the present invention, the wind speed on the surface of the strip tillage belt can be significantly reduced under the joint action of the cotton stubble poles of the previous season and the sunken strip tillage belt. For desert oasis agricultural ecosystems such as Xinjiang, this sowing method can significantly reduce the effects of water evaporation, soil desertification, etc., and greatly improve the operating efficiency, and is suitable for widespread promotion in the above-mentioned agricultural ecosystems.

[0066] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A cotton strip-tillage and filmless strip-laying seeder, comprising a frame crossbeam, with independent strip-tillage and strip-laying machines installed on both sides of the frame crossbeam, the strip-tillage and strip-laying machine comprising a traveling mechanism, a drip irrigation tape laying mechanism, a slotting and seeding mechanism, and a soil covering and leveling mechanism; characterized in that: The traveling mechanism includes traveling wheels installed on both sides of the frame crossbeam through columns, the columns and traveling wheels on both sides lift the frame crossbeam upward to form a ground clearance for the cotton poles to pass through, and the strip-laying machines on both sides are spaced to form a strip-laying interval channel; The drip irrigation tape laying mechanism and the slotting and seeding mechanism are respectively provided with a furrow opener and a slotting inclined plate, and the furrow opener and the slotting inclined plate slot the ground during the movement of the vehicle body, and the movement route of the slotting inclined plate is staggered and parallel to the movement route of the furrow opener; The soil covering and leveling mechanism comprises a seed trench covering wheel and a dragging leveling roller; wherein, The seed furrow covering wheel and the dragging leveling roller cover the travel path of the slotting inclined plate and the travel path of the furrow opener, and the lowest point of the dragging leveling roller is 3-5 cm lower than the cotton stubble ridges of the previous season on both sides, so that the new ridge belt is 3-5 cm lower than the cotton stubble ridges of the previous season on both sides; The furrow opener is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the drip irrigation tape rack provided by the drip irrigation tape laying mechanism, the drip irrigation tape rack is lifted and inserted into the lifting sleeves fixedly mounted on both sides of the frame crossbeam, a C-shaped drip irrigation tape rack for drip irrigation tape roll installation is provided above the drip irrigation tape rack, an anti-turnover guide frame and a drip irrigation tape covering plate are also installed at one end of the drip irrigation tape rack away from the C-shaped drip irrigation tape rack, the furrow opener, the anti-turnover guide frame and the drip irrigation tape covering plate are fixedly arranged at the front, middle and rear sections of the vehicle body in the direction of travel; The strip tillage spacing between the furrow opener and the grooved inclined plate on the same strip tillage belt paving machine is 15-25 cm wide and 8-12 cm deep. The strip tillage spacing is used for shallow laying of drip irrigation belts and sowing. The spacing between the strip tillage channels is 76 cm.

2. The cotton strip tillage non-film-laying tape seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slotting and seeding mechanism also includes a seed box and a material unloading turntable, and the seed box, the material unloading turntable and the slotting inclined plate are arranged in an upper, middle and lower direction.

3. A cotton strip-tillage non-film-laying seeder according to claim 2, characterized in that: Auxiliary wheels are also installed on both sides of the slotted inclined plate.

4. The cotton strip tillage non-film-laying tape seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slotting and seeding mechanism is fixedly connected to the frame crossbeam via a connecting frame.

5. A cotton strip-tillage non-film-laying seeder according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The traveling wheel is connected to the driving mechanism by a chain transmission mechanism, and the driving mechanism is also connected to the rotating shaft of the unloading turntable through the chain transmission mechanism.

6. The cotton strip-tillage non-film-laying seeder according to claim 5, characterized in that: The chain transmission mechanism includes a first chain transmission, a second chain transmission, a third chain transmission, a fourth chain transmission, a fifth chain transmission and a sixth chain transmission.

7. A cotton planting method, using the cotton strip-tillage filmless strip seeder according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Place the cotton strip tillage filmless belt seeder into the cotton field to be sown, adjust the position of the machine, ensure that the cotton poles of the previous season pass smoothly through the ground clearance set under the frame crossbeam during the movement of the machine, and ensure that the strip ridges of the cotton poles of the previous season are in the strip tillage interval channel; Step 2: Adjust the height of the drip irrigation tape laying mechanism and determine the burial depth of the drip irrigation tape; Step 3: Start the machine to move along the strip ridge direction. During the moving process, the furrow opener and the slotted inclined plate respectively form a strip tillage belt on the strip ridge, and during the moving process, the drip irrigation belt is laid in the strip tillage belt and sowing is carried out. The sowing path and the drip irrigation belt laying path are staggered; Step 4: After sowing and laying of drip irrigation tapes, the seed furrow covering wheel and dragging leveling roller installed at the rear of the vehicle body carry out soil covering and compaction operations along the strip tillage tapes, so that the new ridges are 3-5cm lower than the cotton stubble strips on both sides of the previous season, and finally complete the strip tillage and film-free strip sowing operations.

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